CN105573401A - MPPT control method for solar photovoltaic system - Google Patents
MPPT control method for solar photovoltaic system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105573401A CN105573401A CN201610157659.7A CN201610157659A CN105573401A CN 105573401 A CN105573401 A CN 105573401A CN 201610157659 A CN201610157659 A CN 201610157659A CN 105573401 A CN105573401 A CN 105573401A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control method for a solar photovoltaic system. The MPPT control method comprises the following steps: adding ripple waves to an output voltage of the solar photovoltaic system so as to form a trace voltage; acquiring an output power curve of the solar photovoltaic system under the trace voltage; judging if the increasing of extreme points exists in the output power curve in one cycle; if yes, representing that the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic system is located nearby the output voltage corresponding to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic system; if not, forming the trace voltage by changing the output voltage of the solar photovoltaic system in a certain variable quantity and tracing again.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of solar batteries, and in particular to a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method.
Background technology
Current, photovoltaic power generation technology based on Solar use is widely used, photovoltaic system is mostly by the connection in series-parallel composition photovoltaic array of solar panel, but when cell panel be in shielding status or each solar panel not mate etc. non-ideality occur time, the output power of photovoltaic array has very large decay.Therefore in photovoltaic system, add MPPT maximum power point tracking MPPT (MaximumPowerPointTracking) controller, just can realize the maximum power output of photovoltaic system.
Existing MPPT control method mainly contains three kinds, is constant voltage tracing, conductance increment method and disturbance observation respectively.The common feature of these algorithms needs on-the-spotly to calculate in real time exactly, according to current electric current and voltage situation, calculates current power, and make comparisons with power before, obtaining the variation tendency of power, by changing the equivalent load of solar cell, realizing the maximal power tracing of solar cell.But to calculate in real time and calculated amount is large due to needs, constantly search maximum power point, and be difficult to once just navigate to maximum power point, even may appear at the situation of vibration near maximum power point, not only search speed is slow, efficiency is low and the low precision searched.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in order to overcome the low and problem of low precision of existing MPPT control method efficiency, provide a kind of can the solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method of output voltage corresponding to fast searching to maximum power point.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method, comprising:
There is the output voltage of the solar energy photovoltaic system of ripple as tracking voltage; Obtain the output power curve of the solar energy photovoltaic system under described tracking voltage;
In one-period, judge whether output power curve occurs that extreme point increases, the output voltage if so, then characterizing photovoltaic system has been positioned near the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system; If not, then form tracking voltage with the output voltage of certain variable quantity change photovoltaic system, re-start tracking.
In one embodiment of the invention, in one-period, judging whether output power curve occurs that the method that extreme point increases is: by calculating the phase differential of ripple voltage curve and output power curve in one-period, in the region being characterized in phase differential change when phase differential changes, occurring that extreme point increases.
In one embodiment of the invention, in one-period, judge whether output power curve occurs that the method that extreme point increases is: in one-period, differentiate is carried out to the point on output power curve, as dP/dt=0, characterize this place and there is extreme point, P is the value in powertrace, t is the time, calculates the number of extreme point and judges whether that there is extreme point increases.
In one embodiment of the invention, after judging that in one-period output power curve occurs that extreme point increases, reduce the amplitude of ripple and follow the trail of voltage with superimposed formation of current tracking voltage, proceeding to follow the trail of.
In one embodiment of the invention, when output voltage corresponding to the maximum power point that the output voltage of photovoltaic system moves closer to photovoltaic system, reduce the variable quantity of the output voltage of photovoltaic system.
In one embodiment of the invention, photovoltaic system carries out output with maximum output voltage and forms tracking voltage, follows the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system afterwards with the output voltage of certain variable quantity reduction photovoltaic system.
In one embodiment of the invention, judge in one-period method that whether output power curve occur that extreme point increases for: judge to follow the trail of the power corresponding to the peak value of voltage and valley by phase place, be characterized in this tracking voltage range internal power curve when the power corresponding to the peak value following the trail of voltage is more than or equal to the power corresponding to the valley following the trail of voltage and there is extreme point and increase.
In one embodiment of the invention, photovoltaic system carries out output with minimum output voltage and forms tracking voltage, follows the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system afterwards with the output voltage of certain variable quantity increase photovoltaic system.
In one embodiment of the invention, judge in one-period method that whether output power curve occur that extreme point increases for: judge to follow the trail of the power corresponding to the peak value of voltage and valley by phase place, be characterized in this tracking voltage range internal power curve when the power corresponding to the peak value following the trail of voltage is less than or equal to the power corresponding to the valley following the trail of voltage and there is extreme point and increase.
In one embodiment of the invention, ripple is sinusoidal wave.
In sum, solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method provided by the invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
By the output voltage of the solar energy photovoltaic system to have ripple as tracking voltage, this ripple can make output power curve be exchange status.Whether occur that extreme point increases by the one-period that judges the output power curve corresponding to this tracking voltage, follow the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system.Show that when output power curve occurs that extreme point increases in one-period the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system is in the amplitude range of this tracking voltage.Solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method provided by the invention only needs to judge that namely the extreme point change number on output power curve in one-period is traceable to the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system.Compare traditional MPPT control method, calculate simply, corresponding tracking response is fast, and tracking efficiency is high.
For above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent, preferred embodiment cited below particularly, and coordinate accompanying drawing, be described in detail below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1 shows that the process flow diagram of the solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method that the embodiment of the present invention one provides.
Output power curve figure time near output voltage corresponding to the maximum power point being positioned at photovoltaic system for the output voltage when photovoltaic system in the embodiment of the present invention one described in Fig. 2 and ripple curve map.
Fig. 3 is the output characteristic curve of solar energy photovoltaic system.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method provided by the invention comprises: to have the output voltage of the solar energy photovoltaic system of ripple as tracking voltage (step S1).Obtain the output power curve (step S2) of the solar energy photovoltaic system under described tracking voltage.In one-period, judge whether output power curve occurs that extreme point increases (step S3).If so, the output voltage then characterizing photovoltaic system has been positioned at the vicinity (step S4) of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system; If not, then form tracking voltage with the output voltage of certain variable quantity change photovoltaic system, re-start tracking (step S5).Below further combined with Fig. 1, the solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method that the present embodiment provides is described in detail.
The method starts from step S1, in the present embodiment, this step S1 increases by a ripple on the basis of the DC voltage of solar energy photovoltaic system output, described ripple is the AC compounent of small magnitude, and the setting of ripple is to make the output power of solar energy photovoltaic system have certain AC compounent.Specifically, by signal synthesizer, both are synthesized.In the present embodiment, ripple is sinusoidal wave, corresponding, and solar energy photovoltaic system output power curve is also sinusoidal wave.But the particular type of the present invention to ripple is not limited in any way.In other embodiment, ripple can be other AC signal.The output voltage of solar energy photovoltaic system detects and realizes by voltage sampling circuit in this step.
Due in the present embodiment, following the trail of voltage is increase by a ripple on the basis of the DC voltage of solar energy photovoltaic system output.Therefore, this DC component magnitude of voltage of change is referred to the output voltage of certain variable quantity change photovoltaic system.In other embodiment, when solar energy photovoltaic system output itself has ripple, using this output voltage with the solar energy photovoltaic system of ripple as tracking voltage.Now, refer to the output voltage of certain variable quantity change photovoltaic system the mean value changing output voltage.
After voltage is followed the trail of in formation, obtain the output power curve of the solar energy photovoltaic system under this tracking voltage in step s 2.Concrete implementation is, obtains solar energy photovoltaic system and is following the trail of the output current under voltage, calculate output power curve by tracking voltage and output current by current sampling circuit.Owing to following the trail of in step S1 on voltage, there is AC compounent, the output power curve of corresponding formation also has AC compounent.According to the output characteristic curve of solar energy photovoltaic system, when tracking voltage is not positioned at the voltage U corresponding to solar energy photovoltaic system peak power output
pMAXtime neighbouring, output power curve has identical frequency with tracking voltage (i.e. ripple voltage).
After obtaining the output power curve of solar energy photovoltaic system, perform step S3, judge whether this powertrace occurs that in one-period extreme point increases.Determination methods is the phase differential by calculating ripple voltage curve and output power curve in one-period, occurs that extreme point increase in the region being characterized in phase differential change when phase differential changes.
In the present embodiment, photovoltaic system carries out output with maximum output voltage and forms tracking voltage, follows the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system afterwards with the output voltage of certain variable quantity reduction photovoltaic system.Figure 3 shows that the output power curve of photovoltaic system, powertrace is turned left from the right side and adopts the mode of climbing to follow the trail of.When output voltage is positioned at the maximum output voltage U of photovoltaic system
outMAXwith the voltage U corresponding to peak power output
pMAXbetween time, output power and output voltage are inverse ratio.Therefore, the phase differential in this phase range between the curve of ripple voltage and output power curve is 180 degree.
And work as U
out-△ U<U
pMAX<U
outduring+△ U, as shown in Figure 2, at U
pMAX<U
out+ △ U is within the scope of this, and on output power curve, the phase differential of t0 ~ t1 stage and ripple voltage curve is 180 degree, and works as U
out-△ U<U
pMAXwithin the scope of this, on output power curve, the phase differential of t1 ~ t2 stage and ripple voltage curve is 0 degree, and namely now the phase differential of output power curve and ripple voltage curve changes, and namely characterizes U
pMAXbe positioned at U
out-△ U ~ U
outin this voltage range of+△ U, U
outfor the current output voltage of photovoltaic system.
When judging output power curve occurs that extreme point increases, illustrate that the output voltage of photovoltaic system has been positioned at the output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system
pMAXnear, photovoltaic system works and has larger output power under this output voltage.When output power curve does not occur that extreme point increases, U is described
pMAX<U
out-△ U, now can reduce U with certain variable quantity
outand re-execute step S3, realize U
out-△ U<U
pMAX<U
out+ △ U.
Although the method for tracing that the present embodiment provides carries out output with maximum output voltage to form tracking voltage, follow the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system afterwards with the output voltage of certain variable quantity reduction photovoltaic system.But the present invention is not limited in any way this.In other embodiment, output can be carried out with the minimum output voltage of photovoltaic system and form tracking voltage, follow the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system afterwards with the output voltage of certain variable quantity increase photovoltaic system.Namely in figure 3, climbing is from left to right followed the trail of, in this kind of trace mode, and the output voltage U corresponding to minimum output voltage and maximum power point
pMAXbetween same-phase between output power curve and ripple voltage curve, phase differential is between the two 0 degree.And work as U
out-△ U<U
pMAX<U
out+ △ U, at U
out-△ U<U
pMAXphase differential between stage output power curve and ripple voltage curve is still 0 degree, and at U
pMAX<U
outin+△ U interval, the phase differential between output power curve and ripple voltage curve is 180 degree, and namely phase differential change occurs, and there is extreme point increases.
For improving the output voltage U detected corresponding to maximum power point further
pMAXprecision, in the present embodiment, after step S4, reduce the amplitude △ U of ripple, and the tracking voltage new with the superimposed formation of current output voltage, proceed to follow the trail of (step S6).The increase of ripple amplitude △ U can increase the speed of tracking to a certain extent, and the reduction of ripple amplitude △ U can improve tracking precision.
For improving tracking speed, in the present embodiment, when the output voltage of photovoltaic system is far smaller than the output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point
pMAXtime, output voltage U
outsuccessively decrease with larger variable quantity, and as close output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point
pMAXtime reduce the variable quantity of output voltage of photovoltaic system.But the present invention is not limited in any way this.In other embodiment, output voltage U
outcan carry out successively decreasing or increasing progressively with constant variable quantity.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is with embodiment one and change substantially identical, and difference is: in one-period, judge whether output power curve occurs that the method that extreme point increases is different.In the present embodiment, in one-period, carry out differentiate to the point on output power curve, as dP/dt=0, characterize this place and there is extreme point, P is the value in powertrace, and t is the time, calculates the number of extreme point and judges whether that there is extreme point increases.When occurring that extreme point increases, characterize the output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point
pMAXbe positioned at the voltage range corresponding to region that extreme point increases.In actual use, observe Fig. 2 can find, as the output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point
pMAXwith output voltage U
outduring coincidence, on output power curve, will there is extreme value in the power points corresponding to the zero phase of output voltage curve.Therefore, carry out differentiate by the power points corresponding to the zero phase to output voltage curve, judge near the output voltage whether output voltage is positioned at corresponding to maximum power point.Specifically:
When output voltage curve zero phase corresponding to power points derivative close to zero time, illustrate that output voltage is positioned at the output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point
pMAXnear.When output voltage curve zero phase corresponding to the derivative of power points equal zero time, illustrate that output voltage equals the output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point
pMAX.
When output voltage curve zero phase corresponding to the derivative of power points be greater than zero time, illustrate that output voltage is less than the output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point
pMAX, now increase the DC component magnitude of voltage of output voltage or mean value to make output voltage close to the output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point
pMAX.
And when output voltage curve zero phase corresponding to the derivative of power points be less than zero time, illustrate that output voltage is greater than the output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point
pMAX, now reduce the DC component magnitude of voltage of output voltage or mean value to make output voltage close to the output voltage U corresponding to maximum power point
pMAX.
In the method for tracing that the present embodiment provides, whether what adopt the mode of differentiate to judge output power curve exists extreme point extreme point in one-period, increase, thus find the maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic system, account form is very simple, computing velocity is fast, therefore, there is very high tracking efficiency.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment is with embodiment one and change substantially identical, and difference is: in one-period, judge whether output power curve occurs that the method that extreme point increases is different.Specifically, after obtaining the powertrace of following the trail of corresponding to voltage, judge by phase place the peak value U following the trail of voltage
out+ △ U and valley U
outpower corresponding to-△ U.In the present embodiment, method for tracing carries out output with maximum output voltage to form tracking voltage, follows the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system afterwards with the output voltage of certain variable quantity reduction photovoltaic system.As shown in Figure 3, U is worked as
out-△ U>U
pMAXtime, U
outoutput power corresponding to-△ U is greater than U always
outoutput power corresponding to+△ U, and work as U
out-△ U<U
pMAX<U
out+ △ U and U
out+ △ U-U
pMAX≤ U
pMAX-U
outduring+△ U, U
outoutput power corresponding to+△ U is more than or equal to U
outoutput power corresponding to-△ U, is now characterized in U
out-△ U ~ U
out+ △ U within the scope of this output power curve there is extreme point, the output voltage U namely corresponding to peak power output point
pMAXbe positioned at U
out-△ U ~ U
out+ △ U is within the scope of this.
In other embodiment, carry out output with the minimum output voltage of photovoltaic system and form tracking voltage, when following the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system afterwards with the output voltage of certain variable quantity increase photovoltaic system, phase place is adopted to judge to follow the trail of the peak value of voltage and the power corresponding to valley, be characterized in this tracking voltage range internal power curve when the power corresponding to the peak value following the trail of voltage is less than or equal to the power corresponding to the valley following the trail of voltage and there is extreme point increase, the output voltage U namely corresponding to peak power output point
pMAXbe positioned at this tracking voltage range.
In sum, by the output voltage of the solar energy photovoltaic system to have ripple as tracking voltage, this ripple can make output power curve be exchange status.Whether occur that extreme point increases by the one-period that judges the output power curve corresponding to this tracking voltage, follow the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system.Show that when output power curve occurs that extreme point increases in one-period the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system is in the amplitude range of this tracking voltage.Solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method provided by the invention only needs to judge that namely the extreme point change number on output power curve in one-period is traceable to the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system.Compare traditional MPPT control method, calculate simply, corresponding tracking response is fast, and tracking efficiency is high.
Although the present invention discloses as above by preferred embodiment; but and be not used to limit the present invention, anyly know this those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can do a little change and retouching, therefore protection scope of the present invention is when being as the criterion depending on claims scope required for protection.
Claims (10)
1. a solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method, is characterized in that, comprising:
There is the output voltage of the solar energy photovoltaic system of ripple as tracking voltage;
Obtain the output power curve of the solar energy photovoltaic system under described tracking voltage;
In one-period, judge whether output power curve occurs that extreme point increases, the output voltage if so, then characterizing photovoltaic system has been positioned near the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system; If not, then form tracking voltage with the output voltage of certain variable quantity change photovoltaic system, re-start tracking.
2. solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in one-period, judging whether output power curve occurs that the method that extreme point increases is: by calculating the phase differential of ripple voltage curve and output power curve in one-period, in the region being characterized in phase differential change when phase differential changes, occurring that extreme point increases.
3. solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in one-period, judge whether output power curve occurs that the method that extreme point increases is: in one-period, differentiate is carried out to the point on output power curve, as dP/dt=0, characterize this place and there is extreme point, P is the value in powertrace, and t is the time, calculates the number of extreme point and judges whether that there is extreme point increases.
4. solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, after judging that in one-period output power curve occurs that extreme point increases, reduce the amplitude of ripple and follow the trail of voltage with superimposed formation of current tracking voltage, proceeding to follow the trail of.
5. solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when output voltage corresponding to the maximum power point that the output voltage of photovoltaic system moves closer to photovoltaic system, reduces the variable quantity of the output voltage of photovoltaic system.
6. solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, photovoltaic system carries out output with maximum output voltage and forms tracking voltage, follows the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system afterwards with the output voltage of certain variable quantity reduction photovoltaic system.
7. solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, judge in one-period method that whether output power curve occur that extreme point increases for: judge to follow the trail of the power corresponding to the peak value of voltage and valley by phase place, be characterized in this tracking voltage range internal power curve when the power corresponding to the peak value following the trail of voltage is more than or equal to the power corresponding to the valley following the trail of voltage and there is extreme point and increase.
8. solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, photovoltaic system carries out output with minimum output voltage and forms tracking voltage, follows the trail of the output voltage corresponding to maximum power point of photovoltaic system afterwards with the output voltage of certain variable quantity increase photovoltaic system.
9. solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, judge in one-period method that whether output power curve occur that extreme point increases for: judge to follow the trail of the power corresponding to the peak value of voltage and valley by phase place, be characterized in this tracking voltage range internal power curve when the power corresponding to the peak value following the trail of voltage is less than or equal to the power corresponding to the valley following the trail of voltage and there is extreme point and increase.
10. solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ripple is sinusoidal wave.
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| CN112734125A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-04-30 | 国网山西省电力公司晋城供电公司 | Photovoltaic output prediction method and device and electronic equipment |
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