CN105572716A - Quick detection method for radioactive caesium in cosmetic - Google Patents
Quick detection method for radioactive caesium in cosmetic Download PDFInfo
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- CN105572716A CN105572716A CN201610056905.XA CN201610056905A CN105572716A CN 105572716 A CN105572716 A CN 105572716A CN 201610056905 A CN201610056905 A CN 201610056905A CN 105572716 A CN105572716 A CN 105572716A
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- caesium
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
Abstract
The invention provides a quick detection method for radioactive caesium in cosmetic, wherein a gamma spectrometer is used for detecting caesium-134 and caesium-137. The quick detection method comprises the following steps of preparing standard solution, preparing standard solution of the caesium-137 and the caesium-134 and adding into a first sample measuring box, adding a cover and performing sealing for being detected; performing sample pretreatment, weighing a cosmetic sample and adding the cosmetic sample into a second sample measuring box, adding a cover and performing sealing for being detected; performing detection by means of an instrument, respectively performing detection on the standard solution and the cosmetic sample by means of the gamma spectrometer, acquiring characteristic energy peaks and peak appearing time of the caesium-137 and the caesium-134 in the standard solution and the cosmetic sample, and recording counting rate and measuring live time, wherein the specification of the first sample measuring box is same with that of the second sample measuring box, and the mass of the standard solution to be detected is same with that of the cosmetic sample. According to the quick detection method, quick detection for the caesium-137 and the caesium-134 is realized. The quick detection method has an advantage of simple operation. Furthermore the quick detection method can finish detection for specific activities of the caesium-134 and the caesium-137 in the cosmetic conveniently, quickly, accurately and efficiently.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cosmetics detection field, relate to the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics.
Background technology
Along with the development of nuclear industry, the possibility that cosmetics are subject to radioactive material contamination is also more and more higher.Within 2011, nuclear power station in Japan leakage accident has caused the radioactive contamination of Northern Hemisphere environment.China's strict regulations radiomaterial in " cosmetics health specification " (2007 editions) is banned substance, and also specify the radiomaterial brought in cosmetics can not to the basic boundary exceeding public's injury simultaneously.
Radiomaterial kind is very many, and different radioactive nuclides needs diverse ways to detect.At present, the possibility that nuclear power station leakage accident and the radioactive nuclide that discharges of having a nuclear test cause cosmetics to pollute is maximum, and most representative in the radioactive nuclide that nuclear power station and nuclear test discharge be caesium-137 and these two kinds of radioactive nuclides of caesium-134.Caesium-137 and caesium-134 half life period longer (being respectively 30.17 and 2.062 years), long-term impact is had on environment, and because itself is very light, easily along with wind wafts to far place, plant surface is fallen after sedimentation, or by eat and suction enters animal body.If have starting material in cosmetics from contaminated animal and plant body, then radioactive nuclide caesium-137 and caesium-134 can be absorbed by human body skin by making to apply some make up, and cause external exposure to injure for a long time to human body.By detecting this two kinds of nucleic, cosmetics whether artificial radioactivity contact scar and level of pollution can be differentiated.
Relevant regulation is had to the radiomaterial in cosmetics in " the cosmetics health specification " of 2007 editions, radiomaterial is listed in the forbidding component of table 2 cosmetics, and this has been explained: naturally occurring radioactive substance and man-made environment have been polluted the radiomaterial brought and excluded within restriction.But the content of these radiomaterials must not increase in Cosmetics Production, nor must exceed for ensureing workers ' health and ensureing the basic boundary that the public sets from phototoxis.
At present, in prior art, the detection of caesium is mainly concentrated in the sample of the solid constituent such as ore sample, biological sample complexity, still there is no the detection method of the radioactive nuclide caesium in cosmetics, need the detection method formulating radioactive nuclide caesium in cosmetics badly, whether the radioactivity as cosmetics meets the foundation of hygienic requirements.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics, to make up the defect not for the detection method of the caesium in cosmetics in prior art.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
The invention provides the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics, adopt gamma energy spectrometer to measure caesium-134 and caesium-137, comprise the steps:
Prepared by standard solution: the standard solution of configuration caesium-137 and caesium-134 adds in the first sample measuring box, seals rear to be measured;
Sample pre-treatments: take cosmetic sample and add in the second sample measuring box, seal rear to be measured;
Upper machine testing: utilize described gamma energy spectrometer to measure respectively described standard solution and cosmetic sample, gathers characteristic energy peak and the appearance time of caesium-137 in standard solution and cosmetic sample and caesium-134, and recording gauge digit rate and measure live time;
Described first sample measuring box is identical with the specification of described second sample measuring box (namely adopts the measuring box that same standard makes, the material, shape, volume etc. of measuring box are all identical), the quality of described standard solution to be measured is equal with the quality of described cosmetic sample.The quality of described standard solution to be measured is equal with the quality of described cosmetic sample, can reduce the gamma-rays caused because of difform sample and absorb different problems, thus make final measurement result more accurate.
Further, the specific activity of described standard solution carries out radioactive delay correction according to definite value date and use date.
Preferably, the quality of described standard solution to be measured and the quality of described cosmetic sample are 50 grams.
Further, described gamma energy spectrometer adopts Coaxial HPGe Detector, and it is to the energy resolution of the 601332.5keV gamma-rays full energy peak of cobalt at below 3keV, and relative efficiency is more than 15%.
Further, the shielding properties of the main shield body that described gamma energy spectrometer adopts is more than 10cm lead equivalent, and described main shield body is made up of multilayer heavy metal, the decreasing atomic number of described multilayer heavy metal each layer heavy metal material from outside to inside.
Further, described gamma energy spectrometer can the background counting rate of district 50-2500keV at below 2.5cps.
Further, described first sample measuring box and described second sample measuring box are cylindrical, and its specification is diameter 75 millimeters, height 75 millimeters.
Further, the measurement live time of described standard solution and cosmetic sample is 10000 seconds.
Further, in described a kind of cosmetics, the method for quick of radiocesium also comprises blank test: take the water equal with described cosmetic sample quality to be measured as sample, adopts gamma energy spectrometer to carry out the detection of caesium-134 and caesium-137.
Further, the caesium-134 in described cosmetic sample and the specific activity of caesium-137 obtain according to the following equation:
Wherein, X is the specific activity of the radioelement to be measured in described cosmetic sample, and unit is Becquerel every kilogram;
A
1for the radioactivity of the caesium-134 in described standard solution and caesium-137, unit is Becquerel;
N
0for the caesium-134 of water in described blank test and the counting rate of caesium-137, unit is individual;
N
1for the counting rate of caesium-134 and caesium-137 in described standard solution, unit is individual;
N
2for the counting rate of caesium-134 and caesium-137 in described cosmetic sample, unit is individual;
T
0for the measurement live time of the caesium-134 and caesium-137 that measure water in described blank test, unit is second;
T
1for described standard solution measures the measurement live time of caesium-134 and caesium-137, unit is second;
T
2for radioelement to be measured in described cosmetic sample measures live time, unit is second;
M is the quality of described cosmetic sample, and unit is gram.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
The present invention establishes the rapid assay methods of caesium-137 in cosmetics, caesium-134, and whole detection method is simple to operate, can convenient, fast, the detection that completes the specific activity of caesium-134 and caesium-137 in cosmetics accurately and efficiently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the spectrogram that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, toner does not add standard items;
Fig. 2 is the spectrogram that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, toner adds the standard items of 10Bq/kg;
Fig. 3 is the spectrogram that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, toner adds the standard items of 20Bq/kg;
Fig. 4 is the spectrogram that in the embodiment of the present invention 2, toner adds the standard items of 50Bq/kg.
Wherein, 1 is the characteristic peak of caesium-134, and 2 is the characteristic peak of caesium-137.
Embodiment
In the cosmetics proposed the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the method for quick of radiocesium is described in further detail.According to the following describes and claims, advantages and features of the invention will be clearer.
In embodiment, agents useful for same and sample are commercial commodity.
Embodiment 1: utilize gamma energy spectrometer to detect the caesium-134 in cosmetics and caesium-137
1, Standard Reserving Solution preparation:
Accurately take or draw a certain amount of caesium-134, caesium-137 standard source, add different volumetric flasks respectively, then use 2% nitric acid constant volume, at least one moon can be preserved at ambient temperature.Wherein, the standard source of caesium-134 and caesium-137 has assignment certificate (comprising specific activity angle value, uncertainty, the term of validity and definite value date), and its specific activity is about 500Bq/g or 500Bq/ml;
2, standard solution preparation:
Draw a certain amount of described standard stock solution, be settled to 50g with water, and add in the first sample measuring box, seal rear to be measured.Wherein, the specific activity of standard solution and must use the date to carry out radioactive delay correction according to the definite value date.
3, sample preparation
Accurately take 50 ± 1g cosmetic sample (being accurate to 0.01g), join in the second sample measuring box (specification of the second sample measuring box is identical with the specification of described first sample measuring box), wherein, for fluid sample, directly add in sample measuring box; For solid, powdery or semifluid cosmetic sample, need to rock sample measuring box gently, sample is evenly full of bottom described sample measuring box, then seals rear to be measured.
Described first sample measuring box is identical with the specification of described second sample measuring box (namely adopts the measuring box that same standard makes, the material, shape, volume etc. of measuring box are all identical), the quality of described standard solution to be measured is equal with the quality of described cosmetic sample, take these two measures can reduce the gamma-rays caused because of difform sample and absorb different problems, thus make final measurement result more accurate.
4, upper machine measures:
4.1 instruments prepare:
In the present embodiment, gamma energy spectrometer adopts Coaxial HPGe Detector, and it is to the energy resolution of the 601332.5keV gamma-rays full energy peak of cobalt at below 3keV, and relative efficiency is more than 15%; The shielding properties of main shield body adopted is more than 10cm lead equivalent, and described main shield body is made up of multilayer heavy metal, the decreasing atomic number of described multilayer heavy metal each layer heavy metal material from outside to inside; Described gamma energy spectrometer can the background counting rate of district 50-2500keV at below 2.5cps.
Wherein, the measuring box that the gamma energy spectrometer that the present embodiment adopts adopts is cylindrical, and its specification is diameter 75 millimeters, height 75 millimeters.Described sample measuring box is the supporting salable plastic sample measuring box of gamma energy spectrometer, and the specification of sample measuring box is not limited to the specification described in the present embodiment, also can adopt the sample measuring box of other specifications.
Gamma energy spectrometer should, first through energy calibration, make the characteristic energy peak (604.7keV) of the characteristic energy peak of caesium-137 (energy 661.6keV), caesium-134 large about 1/4 place of whole spectral measurement scope.Before detection, instrument should add high pressure complete, and is preheated to steady state (SS).
On 4.2, machine is measured:
Described first sample measuring box and the second sample measuring box are placed on gamma energy spectrometer detector respectively and measure, the position of placement should allow detector and sample measuring box axis in a straight line.
Wherein, measure live time under the prerequisite ensureing quantitative detection limit, according to radionuclide amount sets itself in instrument efficiency and sample, but can will ensure that the counting rate of characteristic energy peak is not less than 1000, in the present embodiment, arranging and measuring live time is 10000s.
After measurement terminates, gather the characteristic energy peak (energy 661.6keV) of caesium-137 in described standard solution and cosmetic sample and the characteristic energy peak (604.7keV) of caesium-134 and appearance time, and recording gauge digit rate and measure live time.
4.3 blank test
Accurately take 50 ± 1g (being accurate to 0.01g) water as sample, according to above-mentioned measuring process and condition, utilize gamma energy spectrometer to carry out the detection of caesium-134 and caesium-137.
5, result calculates
Caesium-134 in described cosmetic sample and the specific activity of caesium-137 obtain according to the following equation:
Wherein, X is the specific activity of radioelement to be measured in described cosmetic sample, and unit is Becquerel every kilogram (Bq/kg);
A
1for the radioactivity of the caesium-134 in described standard solution and caesium-137, unit is Becquerel (Bq);
N
0for the caesium-134 of water in described blank test and the counting rate of caesium-137, unit is (counts);
N
1for the counting rate of caesium-134 and caesium-137 in described standard solution, unit is (counts);
N
2for the counting rate of caesium-134 and caesium-137 in described cosmetic sample, unit is (counts);
T
0for the measurement live time of the caesium-134 and caesium-137 that measure water in described blank test, unit is second (s);
T
1for described standard solution measures the measurement live time of caesium-134 and caesium-137, unit is second (s);
T
2for the measurement live time of radioelement to be measured in described cosmetic sample, unit is second (s);
M is the quality that described cosmetic sample takes, and unit is gram (g).
The method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics that the embodiment of the present invention provides, its Cleaning Principle is: in radioactive nuclide, and different nucleic decays will launch the Characteristic γ ray with different-energy.To a sample to be measured, if by the gamma-rays of its radiation and energies orders record respectively can be pressed, the gamma spectrum (GammaSpectrum) of sample emission just can be obtained.According to the ray energy on gamma spectrum and pulsimeter quantity, be easy to the kind of differentiation radiation nucleic and determine its activity amount.
Principal ingredient due to cosmetics is organism, also has some cosmetics, as foundation cream etc., and the inorganic material such as the talcum powder containing high level.But no matter be that organic element forms (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen are main) or the element of inorganic constituents forms (silicon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminium etc.), all belong to light element scope, the gamma-rays blocking capability launched radioactive nuclide is very weak.During measurement, the Gamma ray self-absorption difference that the cosmetic sample of different composition causes is almost negligible.Therefore, adopt water to carry out configuration standard solution, significant self-absorption difference can not be caused, so standard solution selects aqueous solution not only simple but also practical in the present embodiment.
Embodiment 2 utilizes gamma energy spectrometer to reclaim and precision test the mark-on that the caesium-134 in cosmetics and caesium-137 detect
Generally speaking, the matrix of cosmetics mainly contains water class, emulsion class, white cream class and color make-up class, and the present invention also adopts the cosmetic sample of four kinds of different substrates to carry out interpolation recovery and the Precision Experiment of standard model.
In the present embodiment, the cosmetics of the four kinds of different substrates selected are respectively toner, mildy wash, face cream and foundation cream, selected four kinds of cosmetic samples are carried out to the detection of caesium-137 and caesium-134, all do not detect caesium-137 and caesium-134, the standard often kind of sample being done to three levels is added, Pitch-based sphere is respectively 10Bq/kg, 20Bq/kg and 50Bq/kg, each level do 6 parallel, the testing result obtained, the recovery and relative standard deviation are respectively as shown in following table 1-4, and wherein the interpolation of toner reclaims the spectrogram of result as Figure 1-4.
Result is reclaimed in the interpolation of table 1 toner
Result is reclaimed in the interpolation of table 2 mildy wash
Result is reclaimed in the interpolation of table 3 face cream
Result is reclaimed in the interpolation of table 4 foundation cream
Can see from the result of table 1-4, the average recovery of standard addition of the cosmetic sample of four kinds of matrix is between 86%-106%, and relative standard deviation is all less than 10%, detection limit reaches 10Bq/kg, can meet the detection demand of normal cosmetic sample completely.
The present invention establishes the rapid assay methods of caesium-137 in cosmetics, caesium-134, whole detection method is simple to operate, detection can be completed in four hours after receiving sample, and shown by indoor accuracy and Precision Experiment, respectively with 4 kinds of cosmetic samples such as toner, mildy wash, face cream, foundation cream for add matrix, when Pitch-based sphere is 10Bq/kg, 20Bq/kg, 50Bq/kg, average recovery of standard addition scope is between 86%-106%, relative standard deviation (RSD) can be controlled within 10%, and measurement result accurately and reliably.
Foregoing description is only the description to present pre-ferred embodiments, any restriction not to the scope of the invention, and any change that the those of ordinary skill in field of the present invention does according to above-mentioned disclosure, modification, all belong to the protection domain of claims.
Claims (10)
1. the method for quick of radiocesium in cosmetics, adopts gamma energy spectrometer to measure caesium-134 and caesium-137, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Prepared by standard solution: the standard solution of configuration caesium-137 and caesium-134 adds in the first sample measuring box, seals rear to be measured;
Sample pre-treatments: take cosmetic sample and add in the second sample measuring box, seal rear to be measured;
Upper machine testing: utilize described gamma energy spectrometer to measure respectively described standard solution and cosmetic sample, gathers characteristic energy peak and the appearance time of caesium-137 in standard solution and cosmetic sample and caesium-134, and recording gauge digit rate and measure live time;
Described first sample measuring box is identical with the specification of described second sample measuring box, and the quality of described standard solution to be measured is equal with the quality of described cosmetic sample.
2. the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the specific activity of described standard solution is according to the definite value date and use the date to carry out radioactive delay correction.
3. the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the quality of described standard solution to be measured and the quality of described cosmetic sample are 50 grams.
4. the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described gamma energy spectrometer adopts Coaxial HPGe Detector, and it is to the energy resolution of the 601332.5keV gamma-rays full energy peak of cobalt at below 3keV, and relative efficiency is more than 15%.
5. the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the shielding properties of the main shield body that described gamma energy spectrometer adopts is more than 10cm lead equivalent, described main shield body is made up of multilayer heavy metal, the decreasing atomic number of described multilayer heavy metal each layer heavy metal material from outside to inside.
6. the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described gamma energy spectrometer can the background counting rate of district 50-2500keV at below 2.5cps.
7. the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first sample measuring box and described second sample measuring box are cylindrical, and its specification is diameter 75 millimeters, height 75 millimeters.
8. the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the measurement live time of described standard solution and cosmetic sample is 10000 seconds.
9. the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described a kind of cosmetics, the method for quick of radiocesium also comprises blank test: take the water equal with described cosmetic sample quality to be measured as sample, adopts gamma energy spectrometer to carry out the detection of caesium-134 and caesium-137.
10. the method for quick of radiocesium in a kind of cosmetics according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, the caesium-134 in described cosmetic sample and the specific activity of caesium-137 obtain according to the following equation:
Wherein, X is the specific activity of the radioelement to be measured in described cosmetic sample, and unit is Becquerel every kilogram;
A
1for the radioactivity of the caesium-134 in described standard solution and caesium-137, unit is Becquerel;
N
0for the caesium-134 of water in described blank test and the counting rate of caesium-137, unit is individual;
N
1for the counting rate of caesium-134 and caesium-137 in described standard solution, unit is individual;
N
2for the counting rate of caesium-134 and caesium-137 in described cosmetic sample, unit is individual;
T
0for the measurement live time of the caesium-134 and caesium-137 that measure water in described blank test, unit is second;
T
1for described standard solution measures the measurement live time of caesium-134 and caesium-137, unit is second;
T
2for radioelement to be measured in described cosmetic sample measures live time, unit is second;
M is the quality of described cosmetic sample, and unit is gram.
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Application publication date: 20160511 |