CN105555508A - 挤出机进料系统 - Google Patents

挤出机进料系统 Download PDF

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CN105555508A
CN105555508A CN201480043468.7A CN201480043468A CN105555508A CN 105555508 A CN105555508 A CN 105555508A CN 201480043468 A CN201480043468 A CN 201480043468A CN 105555508 A CN105555508 A CN 105555508A
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motor
silk material
table member
pivo table
rotates
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阿方索·亚历山大·佩雷斯
克里斯多夫·迈克尔·海德
多尔·马特奥·佩纳
佛利斯特·W·彼佩尔
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Abstract

一种挤出机进料系统。所述系统包括间隔开并且带有反向内螺纹的一对可转动元件(20、22、34、36)，用于容纳和接合塑料丝材(10)。电动马达(38)使可转动元件(20、22、34、36)在相反方向上转动，从而将丝材(10)驱动进入液化室中以后续通过喷嘴排出。所述系统提供非常精确的逐层堆积。

Description

挤出机进料系统
本申请要求于2014年7月31日提交的实用申请第14/448,364号以及于2013年8月7日提交的临时申请第61/863,110号的优先权，所述两个申请的内容通过引用被并入本文中。
背景技术
本发明涉及挤出机，并且更特别地涉及用在采用螺杆传动的增材制造设备中的挤出机。
增材制造设备、例如3D打印机通过将丝材(filamentmaterial)挤出到支承面上来逐层堆积对象。所产生对象的质量在很大程度上依赖于对丝材通过挤出机的流速的严格控制以及对挤出机头在其横穿区域以堆积层时的X-Y位置的控制。
图1中示意性地示出了现有技术的挤出机系统。丝材10经过驱动丝材10向下进入液化室14的夹送辊进料系统12。之后，丝材通过喷嘴16被排出到工作台18上。夹送辊系统12在其驱动丝材进入液化室14中时在每侧上都接合丝材10。能够利用图1中的布置实现的驱动力是有限的。而且，图1中所示的布置由于对夹送辊进行驱动的马达系统中的步长限制而不如所期望的那样精确。
还已知使用带内螺纹的螺母驱动丝材进入液化室中。在这种情况下，丝材经过带内螺纹的螺母，该带内螺纹的螺母在转动时线性地驱动丝材。然而，螺母转动在丝材上施加不需要的转矩，导致其在被线性驱动时变形。
本发明的一个目的在于采用逆向转动元件的螺杆传动，以在驱动丝材进入挤出机的同时基本消除不需要的转矩。
发明内容
根据本发明的挤出机进料系统包括间隔开并且带有反向内螺纹的一对可转动元件，其用于容纳和接合塑料丝材。电动马达被提供用于使可转动元件在相反方向上转动，从而驱动丝材进入液化室中以后续通过喷嘴排出。在一个优选实施例中，所述系统包括由马达驱动的齿轮系以使可转动元件在相反方向上转动。合适的马达是步进马达或DC马达。
在一个优选实施例中，齿轮系包括由马达驱动的锥齿轮。
在又一实施例中，本发明的系统还包括控制回路，所述控制回路用于控制马达的功率，从而控制丝材的挤出速率。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的增材制造挤出机系统的横截面图。
图2是用于驱动丝材的一对可逆向转动的六角螺母的示意图。
图3是本文中公开的利用马达、流量控制器和锥齿轮的一个实施例的横截面图，所述锥齿轮驱动逆向转动的锥齿轮。
具体实施方式
参照图2，可见丝材10通过第一和第二六角螺母20和22的内部。六角螺母20带有例如右旋螺纹的内螺纹。类似地，六角螺母22带有相反方向的螺纹(例如左旋螺纹)的内螺纹。优选地，丝材10的直径相对于穿过六角螺母20和22的螺孔在尺寸上略大。如在图中能够看到的，六角螺母20在逆时针方向上转动，而六角螺母22在顺时针方向上转动。因为逆向转动的六角螺母20和22的螺纹的旋向相反，所以丝材10在图2中被向下驱动。
重要的是，因为六角螺母20和22逆向转动，所以由两个六角螺母之间的转矩导致的材料变形由于逆向转动的螺母平衡了转矩效应而被基本消除。
图3中示出了本发明的一个实施例。框架30支承转动锥齿轮32、34和36。马达38在流量控制器40的控制下使锥齿轮32转动。锥齿轮32有效地接合斜齿轮34和36，在相反方向上驱动这些锥齿轮。如会理解的，锥齿轮34的内部带有第一方向、例如右旋的螺纹，而锥齿轮36带有相反方向、例如左旋的内螺纹。当马达38在流量控制器40的控制下启动时，丝材10将被驱动进入如图1所示的液化室中。马达38可以是步进马达或DC马达。图3中示出的马达38的布置保证丝材10通过系统的流速能够被精确控制。
本领域技术人员将认识到单独的马达能够被用于在需要时驱动可转动元件。还应注意的是，应使得锥齿轮34和36之间的空间小以使经过逆向转动的锥齿轮的丝材的变形最小。为了清楚起见，放大了图3中的间隙。
本文中，发明人已经确定，由于丝材10的直径变化和其他物理的不一致性，在相反方向上以相同的速度驱动锥齿轮34和36不足以确保恒定挤出速率。发明人已经通过分析确定了挤出速率和使用本发明的螺杆传动的马达38的输入电功率之间存在直接关系。特别地，发明人已经确定挤出速率Q＝KIV。换言之，丝材流速Q与马达38的功率(IV)成线性比例。例如，如果希望具有恒定流速，则马达38的电功率被保持恒定(即，马达电流(I)和马达电压(V)的积保持恒定)。为了增加或降低流速，马达38的电压经由马达38电压的PWM控制来控制。因此，丝材流速通过控制马达38的功率来控制。流量控制器40可以包括采用例如PID控制的常规控制回路。
应认识到的是，本发明的修改和变化对本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的，并且所有这种修改和变化旨在被包含在所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种挤出机进料系统，包括：
间隔开并且带有反向内螺纹的一对可转动元件，其用于容纳和接合塑料丝材；和
电动马达，其用于使所述可转动元件在相反方向上转动，从而驱动所述丝材进入液化室中以后续通过喷嘴排出。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，还包括由所述马达驱动的齿轮系以使所述可转动元件在相反方向上转动。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述马达是步进马达。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述马达是DC马达。
5.如权利要求2所述的系统，其中，所述齿轮系包括由所述马达驱动的锥齿轮。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述可转动元件是带有内螺纹的六角螺母。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，还包括控制回路，所述控制回路用于控制所述马达的功率从而控制所述丝材的挤出速率。
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