CN105552860B - A kind of power distribution network islet operation division methods based on energy storage and distributed generation resource - Google Patents
A kind of power distribution network islet operation division methods based on energy storage and distributed generation resource Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000003066 decision tree Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
-
- H02J3/383—
-
- H02J3/386—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/003—Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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Abstract
A kind of power distribution network islet operation division methods based on energy storage and distributed generation resource, this method are：After permanent fault occurs in active power distribution network, fault point is isolated first, power failure load is preferentially then restored by interconnection as far as possible；If there are still the unrecovered non-faulting power supply interrupted district in part, divided based on distributed generation resource DG islet operations, carries out isolated island and temporarily power, isolated island partition process follows following steps：(1) the total power off time factor of analyzing influences electric network fault predicts the total power off time of failure in real time；(2) reads the demand curve of power curve and power failure load of each distributed generation resource in the total power off time of failure；(3) determines all main power sources in power supply interrupted district and from power supply；It calculates just spare shortfall risk probability, bear spare shortfall risk probability and reasonable spare index, determine preliminary isolated island range；(4) whether is overlapped between observing each preliminary isolated island range so that it is as big as possible that final isolated island restores range.
Description
Technical field
The power distribution network islet operation division methods based on energy storage and distributed generation resource that the present invention relates to a kind of, belong to and match
Power grid islet operation partitioning technology field.
Background technology
In recent years, more and more distributed generation resources (Distributed Generation, DG) access power distribution network, wherein
Distributed power generation and distributed energy storage (Electrical Energy Storage, EES) based on regenerative resource are generation
Table.A large amount of development of distributed generation resource bring new resource to the service restoration after distribution network failure so that based on distribution
Generator islanding operation becomes a kind of important way of distribution network failure processing.
After the grid-connected regulatory requirements power distribution networks of the DG of domestic and foreign current break down at present, distributed generation resource should immediately exit from or
It is rapid out of service after low voltage crossing.With the increase of distributed generation resource permeability, IEEE1547-2003 has been in the world
Through DG to be planned to focus of the realization of isolated island as after.Therefore, research is of great significance based on DG islet operations, lonely
It is the previous work based on DG islet operations that island, which divides,.Domestic and international expert for how according to distributed generation resource and power failure load,
Determine that suitable isolated island criteria for classifying, rational isolated island region and effective islet operation control method etc. are deeply ground
Study carefully.Such as a kind of tree knapsack problem based in graph theory, establish the algorithm based on binary coding and branch-and-bound, propose with
The two-step Taylor-Galerkin of " search+adjustment " solves isolated island region.For another example a kind of Binary Particle Swarm Optimization that is based on is to unrecovered
Power supply interrupted district carries out isolated island division etc..
Existing isolated island partition strategy is all on the basis of a certain moment that power distribution network breaks down, by the output of distributed generation resource
Capacity and load condition regard deterministic value as, with switch conversion number minimum, restore power failure load importance value maximum or have
It is object function conducive to fast failure recovery etc., while with power-balance, electrical safety etc. for constraints, in conjunction with certain side
Method, principle or algorithm determine isolated island scheme, realize the active temporary matching that the distributed generation resource in isolated island scheme is contributed with load.
But the distributed generation resource based on new energy is contributed, and there is stronger intermittent and randomness, load also to have fluctuation, only base
Isolated island division is carried out in static when discontinuity surface, it is difficult to ensure the power-balance within the entire islet operation time so that existing
The practical feasibility and validity of isolated island partition strategy are restricted.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and existing static isolated island can be made up by providing one kind
Divide power distribution network islet operation division methods insufficient, based on energy storage and distributed generation resource.
The purpose of the present invention is by following technical solution to complete, a kind of distribution based on energy storage and distributed generation resource
Net islet operation division methods, the power distribution network islet operation division methods are：
After permanent fault occurs in active power distribution network, fault point is isolated first, then preferentially passes through contact
Line restores power failure load as far as possible；If there are still the unrecovered non-faulting power supply interrupted district in part, it is based on distributed generation resource DG isolated islands
Operation divides, and carries out isolated island and temporarily powers, isolated island partition process follows following steps：
(1) the total power off time factor of analyzing influences electric network fault arranges related data, when predicting that failure always has a power failure in real time
Between；
(2) reads the demand curve of power curve and power failure load of each distributed generation resource in the total power off time of failure；
(3) determines all main power sources in power supply interrupted district and from power supply；Isolated island number is determined according to the number of main power source；
Each isolated island using main power source as root node, centered on root node with breadth-first search select power failure load and from
Power supply, the just spare shortfall risk probability of step by step calculation bear spare shortfall risk probability and rationally spare index, following lonely meeting
Preliminary isolated island range is determined under the criteria for classifying of island；The isolated island criteria for classifying is：
1) the just spare shortfall risk probability level of isolated island scheme is equal to zero；That is w1=0
2) the negative spare shortfall risk probability level of isolated island scheme is the smaller the better；That is minw2
3) the reasonable spare probability level of isolated island scheme is the bigger the better；That is maxw3
(4) whether is overlapped between observing each preliminary isolated island range, if there is overlapping, analyzes and determines the ownership of lap,
So that final isolated island full recovery range is as big as possible；If lap ownership does not affect final recovery in any one isolated island
The size of range then preferentially belongs to lap using diesel engine as in the isolated island of main power source, because of diesel engine output power
It is more stable.
As preferred：The step (1) includes mainly the total power off time analysis of failure and prediction, and wherein failure always has a power failure
Time analysis is：The total power off time of failure is made of Fault Isolation positioning time, repairing time of arrival and fault correction time；Its
Middle fault correction time largely depends on fault in-situ complexity and fault element damaged condition；
The total power off time prediction of failure is based on the total power off time prediction of C4.5 decision tree failures, by decision tree to training
Sample is handled, and profit is generated algorithmically by readable rule and decision tree, then by the event of failure of kainogenesis according to decision tree
Classify, realizes the fundamental forecasting to the fault outage total time under the fault condition in the case of different faults；
The step (2) mainly definition power distribution network is provided with the total power off time of prediction failure, DG contributes and load needs
The ability asked can be based on the prediction and obtain the total power off time of failure and in this number when permanent fault occurs for power distribution network
The power curve and workload demand curve of the randomnesss power supplys such as wind/light in hour；
The step (3) is to be contributed by introducing positive spare capacity and negative spare capacity to handle wind/light in isolated island
Uncertain and load prediction error unbalanced power problem, wherein the positive spare capacity refers to controllable main electricity in system
Difference capacity of the source from current power generation values to full hair；Negative spare capacity in system refers to that controllable main power source is sent out from current in system
Electric value is decreased to the difference capacity of minimum power generation values or absorbed power maximum value；Increase suddenly when scene output increases small or load suddenly
When big, then main power source, which must have the ability to increase to contribute, meets power-balance, i.e. positive spare capacity needed for system；Otherwise scene goes out
Power is flown up or load reduces suddenly, and main power source, which can reduce itself to contribute, realizes power-balance, i.e., negative spare capacity.
As preferred：In the step (3), the calculation formula of just spare shortfall risk probability is：
In formula：
xtState for isolated island in the t periods, if the sum of distributed generation resource output is less than workload demand value, xt=1, otherwise
xt=0；
N is the total power off time of failure；
T1Occurs the total time of just spare shortfall risk for isolated island；
Psource.tFor isolated island the t periods distributed generation resource contribute the sum of；
Pslave.tFor isolated island from power supply the t periods output；
For isolated island main power source the t periods maximum output；
Pload.tFor isolated island the t periods workload demand；
Bearing the calculation formula of spare shortfall risk is：
In formula：
T2It contributes for isolated island and bears the total time of spare shortfall risk；
For isolated island main power source the t periods minimum load；
xt' it is state of the isolated island in the t periods, if the sum of distributed generation resource output is more than workload demand value, xt'=1, it is no
Then xt'=0；
Rationally the calculation formula of spare risk probability index is：
w1、w2And w3It is just spare shortfall risk probability respectively, bears spare shortfall risk probability and reasonable spare probability；w1
Necessary identically vanishing illustrates isolated island without just spare shortfall risk；And w2Value it is smaller, it is general to illustrate that isolated island bears spare shortfall risk
Rate is smaller, and corresponding isolated island is in reasonable spare probability w3Bigger, the stability of isolated island is better.
The present invention analyzes an important factor for influencing failure total power off time first；Secondly it proposes pre- according to C4.5 decision trees
Survey the thinking of the total power off time of failure；It then constructs based on DG isolated island risk evaluation models, analyzes energy storage and diesel oil respectively
Power output model of the machine under master ＆ slave control；Further illustrate power distribution network isolated island criteria for classifying and strategy simultaneously；It is final logical
Cross active power distribution network isolated island partition strategy under sample calculation analysis different faults moment and duration；It is existing quiet so as to make up
State isolated island divides insufficient.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail：One kind of the present invention is based on energy storage and divides
The power distribution network islet operation division methods of cloth power supply, the power distribution network islet operation division methods are：
After permanent fault occurs in active power distribution network, fault point is isolated first, then preferentially passes through contact
Line restores power failure load as far as possible；If there are still the unrecovered non-faulting power supply interrupted district in part, it is based on distributed generation resource DG isolated islands
Operation divides, and carries out isolated island and temporarily powers, isolated island partition process follows following steps：
(1) the total power off time factor of analyzing influences electric network fault arranges related data, when predicting that failure always has a power failure in real time
Between；
(2) reads the demand curve of power curve and power failure load of each distributed generation resource in the total power off time of failure；
(3) determines all main power sources in power supply interrupted district and from power supply；Isolated island number is determined according to the number of main power source；
Each isolated island using main power source as root node, centered on root node with breadth-first search select power failure load and from
Power supply, the just spare shortfall risk probability of step by step calculation bear spare shortfall risk probability and rationally spare index, following lonely meeting
Preliminary isolated island range is determined under the criteria for classifying of island；The isolated island criteria for classifying is：
1) the just spare shortfall risk probability level of isolated island scheme is equal to zero；That is w1=0
2) the negative spare shortfall risk probability level of isolated island scheme is the smaller the better；That is minw2
3) the reasonable spare probability level of isolated island scheme is the bigger the better；That is maxw3
(4) whether is overlapped between observing each preliminary isolated island range, if there is overlapping, analyzes and determines the ownership of lap,
So that final isolated island full recovery range is as big as possible；If lap ownership does not affect final recovery in any one isolated island
The size of range then preferentially belongs to lap using diesel engine as in the isolated island of main power source, because of diesel engine output power
It is more stable.
Step (1) of the present invention includes mainly the total power off time analysis of failure and prediction, when wherein failure always has a power failure
Between analysis be：The total power off time of failure is made of Fault Isolation positioning time, repairing time of arrival and fault correction time；Wherein
Fault correction time largely depends on fault in-situ complexity and fault element damaged condition；
The total power off time prediction of failure is based on the total power off time prediction of C4.5 decision tree failures, by decision tree to training
Sample is handled, and profit is generated algorithmically by readable rule and decision tree, then by the event of failure of kainogenesis according to decision tree
Classify, realizes the fundamental forecasting to the fault outage total time under the fault condition in the case of different faults；
The step (2) mainly definition power distribution network is provided with the total power off time of prediction failure, DG contributes and load needs
The ability asked can be based on the prediction and obtain the total power off time of failure and in this number when permanent fault occurs for power distribution network
The power curve and workload demand curve of the randomnesss power supplys such as wind/light in hour；
The step (3) is to be contributed by introducing positive spare capacity and negative spare capacity to handle wind/light in isolated island
Uncertain and load prediction error unbalanced power problem, wherein the positive spare capacity refers to controllable main electricity in system
Difference capacity of the source from current power generation values to full hair；Negative spare capacity in system refers to that controllable main power source is sent out from current in system
Electric value is decreased to the difference capacity of minimum power generation values or absorbed power maximum value；Increase suddenly when scene output increases small or load suddenly
When big, then main power source, which must have the ability to increase to contribute, meets power-balance, i.e. positive spare capacity needed for system；Otherwise scene goes out
Power is flown up or load reduces suddenly, and main power source, which can reduce itself to contribute, realizes power-balance, i.e., negative spare capacity.
In step (3) of the present invention, the calculation formula of just spare shortfall risk probability is：
In formula：
xtState for isolated island in the t periods, if the sum of distributed generation resource output is less than workload demand value, xt=1, otherwise
xt=0；
N is the total power off time of failure；
T1Occurs the total time of just spare shortfall risk for isolated island；
Psource.tFor isolated island the t periods distributed generation resource contribute the sum of；
Pslave.tFor isolated island from power supply the t periods output；
For isolated island main power source the t periods maximum output；
Pload.tFor isolated island the t periods workload demand；
Bearing the calculation formula of spare shortfall risk is：
In formula：
T2It contributes for isolated island and bears the total time of spare shortfall risk；
For isolated island main power source the t periods minimum load；
xt' it is state of the isolated island in the t periods, if the sum of distributed generation resource output is more than workload demand value, xt'=1, it is no
Then xt'=0；
Rationally the calculation formula of spare risk probability index is：
w1、w2And w3It is just spare shortfall risk probability respectively, bears spare shortfall risk probability and reasonable spare probability；w1
Necessary identically vanishing illustrates isolated island without just spare shortfall risk；And w2Value it is smaller, it is general to illustrate that isolated island bears spare shortfall risk
Rate is smaller, and corresponding isolated island is in reasonable spare probability w3Bigger, the stability of isolated island is better.
Embodiment：
One, the total power off time analysis prediction of failure.
1, the total power off time analysis of failure：
When distribution network failure, if realizing the Accurate Prediction of the total power off time of failure, so that it may to be made to power generation
Corresponding adjustment, optimization fault recovery scheme and repairing are planned, and influence of the failure to power generation and user's daily life is reduced,
Improve system power supply reliability.
The total power off time of failure is mainly made of three bulks at present, is fault location isolation time, repairing respectively when showing up
Between and fault correction time.The System average interruption duration of each failure known to the power grid practical operation data statistics of somewhere is 78 points
Clock or so.In entire fault treating procedure, averagely repairs time of arrival and account for 37%, average time for repair of breakdowns only accounts for 13% left side
The right side, and mean failure rate positioning time reaches 50%.Artificial investigation failure inefficiency is cause fault location time to be grown main
Reason, and as the electrical power distribution automatization systems such as failure indicator terminal and feed line automatization terminal are in the commonly used of power distribution network,
The speed of fault location will have significant increase.Secondly repairing time of arrival is then close with the geographic distance of failure and load importance
It is related.Load relative distribution, circuit are long such as in agricultural power distribution network, geographic distance is remote and road conditions are relatively poor, therefore repairing is arrived
Field time is longer；If load important level is higher, repairing time of arrival is faster.Fault correction time largely depends on event
The live complexity of barrier and fault element damaged condition, such as occurred, vehicle knocks electric pole down or distribution transformer oil spout explosion failure is existing
When the situation that field is complicated, fault element damage degree is high, fault correction time is also relatively long.
2, it is based on the total power off time prediction of C4.5 decision tree failures：
Decision tree (Decision Tree) is the major technique for classifying and predicting, it is conceived to random from one group
Case Based Reasoning go out the classifying rules of decision tree representation, using top-down recursive fashion, saved in the inside of decision tree
Point carries out the comparison of attribute value, and judges, from the node to inferior division, to be tied in the leaf node of decision tree according to different attribute
By.
Based on the analysis of Influential Factors to the fault outage time, the training sample data of learning decision tree of the present invention, to electricity
5 attributes of net failure carry out grade classification.As shown in table 1, the total power off time of failure is divided into four classes：Less than 30 minutes, 30
~60 minutes, 60~90 minutes and it is more than 90 minutes, by the classification of table 1, is instructed by training sample data plan tree of fighting to the finish
Practice.
The total power off time of 1 failure of table predicts attribute list
Tab.1 the attribute table of fault time
Establish the flow that the total power off time of failure is predicted based on C4.5 decision trees：
1) existing training sample is utilized, learns the categorical attribute for decision rule from the electric network fault data of statistics；
2) new node is gradually established in decision tree, is selected nodal community, is divided existing data set；
3) judge whether the node arrives growth stop condition；If so, stopping growing；If it is not, then turning to 2).
Growth stop condition includes that the data in node have fully belonged to same category；Test data sample number in node
Less than a certain threshold value；All properties be all split off.
Training sample data are handled by decision tree, profit is generated algorithmically by readable rule and decision tree, then
The event of failure of kainogenesis is classified according to decision tree, realizes the base to the fault outage total time in the case of different faults
This prediction.
In conclusion realizing that the total power off time prediction of failure must take into account many factors, including power distribution automation system
The popularity of system, the distance of failure geographic distance, load importance, fault in-situ complexity and fault element damaged condition etc.
Factor.
Two, the risk evaluation model based on DG islet operations.
1, islet operation control mode：
Master ＆ slave control (master-slave control) and equity control (peer-to-peer control) are current
Two kinds of main control modes of distribution system islet operation.When master ＆ slave control refers to islet operation, one of distributed generation resource
Undertake the voltage and frequency (V/f controls) in stable isolated island, which has that rated power is larger, power output is in a certain range
It is interior it is controllable, can quickly follow the characteristic of load fluctuation, therefore can be used as main power source.Other do not have the distributed electrical of the above characteristic
Source is used as from power supply, it is only necessary to follow active power of output and reactive power (PQ controls).Have in common distributed generation resource miniature
Gas turbine, diesel engine and energy storage etc. can make main power source.Many uncontrollable DG only make, from power supply, to follow in external world's offer
Or run under the reference voltage and frequency of main power source offer, such as the intermittent strong distributed electrical such as wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic, small power station
Source.
Equity control, which is all distributed generation resources in isolated island, has par, and each distributed generation resource is according to access point
Voltage and frequency implementation control on the spot.When equity controls, each distributed generation resource generally uses Droop control methods, respectively will frequency
Rate and active power, voltage and reactive power associate, and active-frequency characteristic of practical bulk power grid is simulated by control algolithm
Curve and idle-voltage curve realize the automatic adjustment of voltage, frequency.The equity control based on droop characteristic this at present, only
Primary frequency modulation problem is considered, only realization voltage and frequency has poor recovery, poor robustness, and exists on engineer application and permitted
More critical issues not yet solve, and only exist in the experimental study stage, and master ＆ slave control is used substantially in actual electric network islet operation.Cause
This present invention still uses master-slave control method to carry out isolated island division.
2, isolated island risk evaluation model：
Universal with measurement basis facility and the intelligent information communication technology, power distribution network will be developed into real-time collecting
The network of the abilities such as network operation situation, storage mass data and accurate prediction.Define in the present invention power distribution network be provided with it is pre-
Survey the total power off time of failure, DG contributes and the ability of workload demand.When permanent fault occurs for power distribution network, can be based on above
The method predicts to obtain total power off time of failure, and the randomnesss power supply such as wind/light within this few hours power curve
With workload demand curve.
Contributing the stochastic uncertainty with workload demand due to scene may be again in isolated island if isolated island division is unreasonable
It is secondary to lose load, cause the risk of the secondary power failure of load.Rationally to assess the risk level of islanded system, and ground for isolated island division
Study carefully personnel and isolated island criteria for classifying is provided, needs to model corresponding risk indicator.Hong Kong University Wu stands propose electric system again
Operation risk is spare and the spare index of conditional risk, Doherty and Malley are it is also proposed that meet spare under certain risk threshold value
Demand, the present invention use the spare risk of similar thinking study islanded system.
It is pre- that positive and negative spinning reserve capacity in conventional electric power system is mainly used to reply generating set unplanned outage, load
Survey rigid situations such as executing of deviation or transregional electricity trading.Present invention introduces positive spare capacities and negative spare capacity concept, come
Handle the unbalanced power problem of uncertainty and load prediction error that scene in isolated island is contributed.Positive spare capacity refers to system
Difference capacity of the interior controllable main power source from current power generation values to full hair；Negative spare capacity in system refers to controllable main electricity in system
Source is decreased to the difference capacity of minimum power generation values (or absorbed power maximum value) from current power generation values.When scene output increase suddenly it is small
Or load when increasing suddenly, then main power source, which must have the ability to increase to contribute, meets power-balance, i.e. just spare appearance needed for system
Amount；Otherwise scene output is flown up or load reduces suddenly, and main power source, which can reduce itself to contribute, realizes power-balance, i.e., negative
Spare capacity.
A) just spare shortfall risk
Just spare shortfall risk is the sum of randomness power supply output and main power source maximum output in isolated island still less than load
Caused by demand.The time that just spare shortfall risk occurs in isolated island is counted in the total power off time of failure, it is assumed that honourable lotus prediction
The time interval of curve is minute grade, then with 1min for a period.Expression is
In formula：
xtState for isolated island in the t periods, if the sum of distributed generation resource output is less than workload demand value, xt=1, otherwise
xt=0；
N is the total power off time of failure；
T1Occurs the total time of just spare shortfall risk for isolated island；
Psource.tFor isolated island the t periods distributed generation resource contribute the sum of；
Pslave.tFor isolated island from power supply the t periods output；
For isolated island main power source the t periods maximum output；
Pload.tFor isolated island the t periods workload demand.
B) spare shortfall risk is born
Negative spare shortfall risk is the sum of randomness power supply output and main power source minimum load in isolated island still greater than load
Caused by demand.It counts isolated island in the total power off time of failure to occur bearing the time of spare shortfall risk, expression is
In formula：
T2It contributes for isolated island and bears the total time of spare shortfall risk；
For isolated island main power source the t periods minimum load；
xt' it is state of the isolated island in the t periods, if the sum of distributed generation resource output is more than workload demand value, xt'=1, it is no
Then xt'=0.
The spare risk probability indexs of c
When isolated island internal loading demand is located within distributed generation resource output adjustable range, it is believed that power in the isolated island of the period
Balance, isolated island division range are suitable.
For just spare insufficient and negative spare less than two kinds risks, calculates in the islet operation period and correspond to risk probability
Value：Just spare shortfall risk probability and negative spare shortfall risk probability.It is defined as occurring the time of risk and always has a power failure with failure
The ratio of time, expression are：
w1、w2And w3It is just spare shortfall risk probability respectively, bears spare shortfall risk probability and reasonable spare probability.w1
Necessary identically vanishing illustrates isolated island without just spare shortfall risk；And w2Value it is smaller, it is general to illustrate that isolated island bears spare shortfall risk
Rate is smaller, and corresponding isolated island is in reasonable spare probability w3Bigger, the stability of isolated island is better.
3, the output model of the power-balance of isolated island and main power source：
Power-balance is the key that isolated island is stablized, and the uncontrollable DG such as wind-powered electricity generation and photovoltaic, output have randomness in isolated island,
Workload demand value also has fluctuation, in order to make full use of the output of new energy, preferentially passes through the output power of adjusting main power source
To maintain the equilibrium of supply and demand in isolated island in real time.Only (minimum amount of power is in when main power source output power reaches maximum value if energy storage
When), when distributed generation resource output is still unsatisfactory for workload demand in isolated island, power-balance cannot be met, then isolated island face collapse or
The risk of load is lost again；Conversely, only (being equivalent to if energy storage when main power source output power is minimum value and being charged as maximum value
Or under maximum state of charge), still power surplus then needs to abandon the output that wind abandons light limitation randomness power supply.Above-mentioned scene point
The just spare insufficient and negative spare insufficient two states of isolated island are not corresponded to, in addition to this rational stand-by state of isolated island.
Main power source generally can be divided into two classes：One kind is controllable power generator, such as diesel engine, gas turbine；It is another kind of
For energy storage device.Its output power model as main power source when is hereafter illustrated respectively.
A) using energy storage as the output power model of main power source
Using energy-storage battery as main power source, wind turbine and photovoltaic are used as from power supply.Charge and discharge when electricity is met the requirements in energy storage
Electric strategy is that, when wind turbine and photovoltaic etc. are more than workload demand value from the sum of output power of power supply, energy storage device charges；It is small
When workload demand value, energy storage device just discharges.
In formula：QtIt is energy storage in t moment electricity；τ is constant, i.e. the unit interval；Q0For energy storage fault moment initial quantity of electricity,
It is defaulted as full state；Qmax、QminIt is the upper limit value and lower limiting value of energy storage electricity；PEES.iIt is energy storage charge and discharge power, positive value indicates
Energy storage is discharged, and negative value indicates that energy storage charging, expression are：
P in formulamaster.t、PEES.tIndicate that main power source is output power of the energy storage in t moment；∑Pslave.tIndicate institute in isolated island
There is the sum of the output power in t moment from power supply；∑PLoad.tIndicate that all loads are in the requirements of t moment in isolated island；Pin.max
And Pout.maxFor energy storage maximum charge-discharge electric power.
Formula (11) indicates energy storage charging；Formula (12) indicates that energy storage is discharged, and the difference of scene and load is all in storage in two formulas
In energy power regulating range, therefore formula (11) (12) shows that isolated island is in reasonable stand-by state.
Formula (13) indicates that energy storage is being charged, but it has been more than the energy storage charge power upper limit that scene, which is more than the difference of load,；Formula
(15) it indicates that energy storage should charge, but energy storage electricity has been filled with, therefore does not fill and do not put.Formula (13) (15) indicates that isolated island is in negative spare
Insufficient state.
Formula (14) indicates that energy storage is being discharged, but it has been more than the energy storage discharge power upper limit that scene, which is less than the difference of load,；Formula
(16) it indicates that energy storage should discharge, but energy storage electricity has reached lower limiting value, therefore does not fill and do not put, formula (14) (16) isolated island is in just
Spare deficiency state.
B) using diesel engine as the output power model of main power source
Output power when main power source is diesel engine is as follows：
P in formuladiesel.tIt is diesel engine in the output power of t moment, Pdiesel.maxFor the peak power output of diesel engine.
Formula (17) indicates that diesel engine is not necessarily to output power, since scene is more than load, to keep power-balance and needing part
It abandons wind and abandons light, isolated island is in negative spare insufficient state；Formula (18) indicates that diesel engine output power, value are equal to scene and load
Difference, isolated island are in reasonable stand-by state；Formula (19) indicates diesel engine Maximum Power Output, but still can not balance scene and be much smaller than
The difference of load, isolated island are in just spare insufficient state.
For being main power source and using diesel engine as two kinds of decoupled modes of main power source using energy storage, analyzed known to：
Energy storage, which can fill, to put, and the mode that can not be filled can be put compared to diesel engine, the increasing of capacity regulating range is twice, but energy storage has electricity limit
System；Although diesel engine can only generate electricity in a certain range, electric energy cannot be absorbed, is not required to consider electricity limitation, it is assumed that diesel engine
Fuel is sufficient.
Three, power distribution network isolated island partition strategy.
1, isolated island division operation step：
After permanent fault occurs in active power distribution network, fault point is isolated first, then preferentially passes through contact
Line restores power failure load as far as possible；If there are still the unrecovered non-faulting power supply interrupted district in part, realizes and divided based on DG isolated islands, into
Row isolated island is temporarily powered, and isolated island partition process follows following steps：
(1) the total power off time factor of analyzing influences electric network fault arranges related data, when predicting that failure always has a power failure in real time
Between；
(2) reads the demand curve of power curve and power failure load of each distributed generation resource in the total power off time of failure；
(3) determines all main power sources in power supply interrupted district and from power supply；Isolated island number is determined according to the number of main power source.
Each isolated island using main power source as root node, centered on root node with breadth-first search select power failure load and from
Power supply, the just spare shortfall risk probability of step by step calculation bear spare shortfall risk probability and rationally spare index, are meeting 3.2 sections
Preliminary isolated island range is determined under the isolated island criteria for classifying put forward；
(4) whether is overlapped between observing each preliminary isolated island range, if there is overlapping, analyzes and determines the ownership of lap,
So that final isolated island full recovery range is as big as possible；If lap ownership does not affect final recovery in any one isolated island
The size of range then preferentially belongs to lap using diesel engine as in the isolated island of main power source, due to diesel engine output power
It is more stable；
1, isolated island criteria for classifying：
4) the just spare shortfall risk probability level of isolated island scheme is equal to zero；
w1=0 (20)
5) the negative spare shortfall risk probability level of isolated island scheme is the smaller the better；
minw2 (21)
6) the reasonable spare probability level of isolated island scheme is the bigger the better.
maxw3 (22)
Claims (1)
1. a kind of power distribution network islet operation division methods based on energy storage and distributed generation resource, it is characterised in that the power distribution network
Islet operation division methods are：
After permanent fault occurs in active power distribution network, fault point is isolated first, it is then preferentially most by interconnection
It may restore power failure load；If there are still the unrecovered non-faulting power supply interrupted district in part, it is based on distributed generation resource DG islet operations
It divides, carries out isolated island and temporarily power, isolated island partition process follows following steps：
(1) the total power off time factor of analyzing influences electric network fault arranges related data, predicts the total power off time of failure in real time；
(2) reads the demand curve of power curve and power failure load of each distributed generation resource in the total power off time of failure；
(3) determines all main power sources in power supply interrupted district and from power supply；Isolated island number is determined according to the number of main power source；Each
Isolated island is using main power source as root node, with breadth-first search selection power failure load and from electricity centered on root node
Source, the just spare shortfall risk probability of step by step calculation bear spare shortfall risk probability and rationally spare probability, are meeting following isolated island
Preliminary isolated island range is determined under criteria for classifying；The isolated island criteria for classifying is：
1) the just spare shortfall risk probability of isolated island scheme is equal to zero, i.e. w1=0
2) the negative spare shortfall risk probability of isolated island scheme is the smaller the better, i.e. minw2
3) the reasonable spare probability of isolated island scheme is the bigger the better, i.e. maxw3
(4) whether is overlapped between observing each preliminary isolated island range, if there is overlapping, analyzes and determines the ownership of lap so that
Final isolated island full recovery range is as big as possible；If lap ownership does not affect final recovery range in any one isolated island
Size, then preferentially lap is belonged to using diesel engine as in the isolated island of main power source, because diesel engine output power is more steady
It is fixed；
The step (1) includes mainly the total power off time analysis of failure and prediction, and the wherein total power off time analysis of failure is：Therefore
Hinder total power off time to be made of Fault Isolation positioning time, repairing time of arrival and fault correction time；Wherein fault restoration when
Between largely depend on fault in-situ complexity and fault element damaged condition；
The total power off time prediction of failure is based on the total power off time prediction of C4.5 decision tree failures, by decision tree to training sample
It is handled, profit is generated algorithmically by readable rule and decision tree, then carries out the event of failure of kainogenesis according to decision tree
The fundamental forecasting to the fault outage total time in the case of different faults is realized in classification；
The step (2) is mainly to define power distribution network to be provided with the total power off time of prediction failure, DG outputs and workload demand
Ability can be based on the prediction and obtain the total power off time of failure and in this few hours when permanent fault occurs for power distribution network
The power curve and workload demand curve of interior wind/light randomness power supply；
The step (3) is to handle the not true of wind in isolated island/light output by introducing positive spare capacity and negative spare capacity
The unbalanced power problem of qualitative and load prediction error, wherein the positive spare capacity refer in system controllable main power source from
Current power generation values to full hair difference capacity；Negative spare capacity in system refer in system controllable main power source from current power generation values
It is decreased to the difference capacity of minimum power generation values or absorbed power maximum value；When reduction or load increase wind/light output suddenly suddenly
When, then main power source, which must have the ability to increase to contribute, meets power-balance, i.e. positive spare capacity needed for system；Otherwise wind/light goes out
Power is flown up or load reduces suddenly, and main power source, which can reduce itself to contribute, realizes power-balance, i.e., negative spare capacity；
In the step (3), the calculation formula of just spare shortfall risk is：
In formula：
xtState for isolated island in the t periods, if the sum of distributed generation resource output is less than workload demand value, xt=1, otherwise xt=
0；
N is the total power off time of failure；
T1Occurs the total time of just spare shortfall risk for isolated island；
Psource.tFor isolated island the t periods distributed generation resource contribute the sum of；
Pslave.tFor isolated island from power supply the t periods output；
For isolated island main power source the t periods maximum output；
Pload.tFor isolated island the t periods workload demand；
Bearing the calculation formula of spare shortfall risk is：
In formula：
T2It contributes for isolated island and bears the total time of spare shortfall risk；
For isolated island main power source the t periods minimum load；
x'tState for isolated island in the t periods, if the sum of distributed generation resource output is more than workload demand value, x't=1, otherwise x't
=0；
Rationally the calculation formula of spare probability is：
w1、w2And w3It is just spare shortfall risk probability respectively, bears spare shortfall risk probability and reasonable spare probability；w1It must be permanent
Equal to zero, illustrate isolated island without just spare shortfall risk；And w2Value it is smaller, illustrate that isolated island is born spare shortfall risk probability and got over
Small, corresponding isolated island is in reasonable spare probability w3Bigger, the stability of isolated island is better.
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