CN105547944B - A kind of inhalable particles object detecting method based on stacking diffraction - Google Patents
A kind of inhalable particles object detecting method based on stacking diffraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105547944B CN105547944B CN201610012762.2A CN201610012762A CN105547944B CN 105547944 B CN105547944 B CN 105547944B CN 201610012762 A CN201610012762 A CN 201610012762A CN 105547944 B CN105547944 B CN 105547944B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
- G01N15/0612—Optical scan of the deposits
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of inhalable particles object detecting method based on stacking diffraction, belong to pellet detection field.Its method is to produce a diameter of 1 ~ 10mm using laser and optical lens, and wavelength is 200 ~ 1000nm laser beam and is pointed into air to be measured；Laser produces diffraction when passing through Inhalable Particulate, and interference pattern is formed in laser offside；Because pellet is under gravity there is the rate of settling, a series of interference patterns about these particulate matters can be received using high-velocity electrons photo-sensitive cell of the frame per second not less than 600fps；For the in general pellet such as PM2.5, PM10, these interference patterns have been superimposed each other, therefore can be calculated these particulate matter holography patterns using diffraction algorithms are laminated；Using real-time stacking diffraction algorithms, inhalable particles object image can be shown in time on the display device, and the corresponding concentration value of different size particle is drawn through processor statistics.This method can carry out quasi real time three-dimensional imaging to pellet, contribute to the behavior of online study pellet without cutters such as PM2.5, PM10.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pellet detection field, and in particular to using being laminated diffraction imaging technology to can in air
Suck particulate matter and carry out luminous intensity, phase information reproduction, realize online holographic imaging, and it is dense to different-grain diameter pellet
Degree is calculated.
Background technology
Haze turns into a kind of weather phenomenon for having a strong impact on people's production and living, and pellet is the core of haze
Pollution sources, it can be caused to seriously endanger to health, and especially diameter is less than 2.5 μm of particle（PM2.5）, due to can be straight
Tap into bigger into human lung, harm.To ensure people's normal life, exploitation can be to pellet, especially
PM2.5 real-time, accurate monitoring device seems very urgent.Currently mainly have to the monitoring method of pellet following
It is several.
(1) filter membrane weight method, this method allow air after different-grain diameter particle cutter, by the filter paper placed in advance,
The pellet of the different-grain diameters such as PM2.5, PM10 will be collected on corresponding filter paper；After certain time, filter is taken out
Paper, speculate inspirable particle concentration by comparing the change of the quality before and after Adsorption of Filter Paper.
(2) attenuation sensors, this method uses and filter membrane weight method identical technology obtains deposition and has the filter of particulate matter
Paper, with β radiation exposures；The attenuation degree of β rays through filter paper and particulate matter is directly proportional to particulate matter quality, accordingly according to ray
Absorbing state calculates particulate matter quality and calculates its concentration（Agriculture light etc. forever, value engineering, 2013（35）, pp.304-305）.
(3) trace oscillating balance method, this method use conical hollow glass tube, and thick head is fixed, and thin head is equipped with filter core.It is empty
Gas enters from thick head, and by the cutter of corresponding particle diameter, the particle diameter pellet is trapped within filter core.In electric field action
Under, thin head is vibrated with certain frequency, and frequency of oscillation is inversely proportional with thin nose heave amount square root, can be with according to the change of frequency of oscillation
Calculate the quality for being collected into particulate matter and its concentration can be extrapolated according to air inflow（Agriculture light etc. forever, value engineering, 2013（35）,
pp.304-305）.
(4) laser scattering method, this method are based on Mie scattering theories, do light source using laser, received using photoelectric device
Luminous intensity, particle volume density in air is determined according to scatter light flux and particle diameter relation, and extrapolate granule density（Ge Baozhen
Deng University Of Tianjin's journal（Natural science and engineering technology version）, 2013（1）, pp.22-28）.
Certain deficiency be present in the above method：
Filter membrane weight method, attenuation sensors method sampling time are longer, are not suitable for the requirement of real-time measurement；Microbalance
Method is larger by the interference of humidity, temperature；Although laser scattering method can accomplish the real-time measurement to pellet, by
It is relevant with particulate matter refractive index in laser light scattering, this method acquired results poor accuracy.
The above method can not be carried out in line imaging to pellet, to inhaling for the different-grain diameters such as PM2.5, PM10
Enter particulate matter measurement and also must rely on cutter；This aspect makes it difficult to intuitively see the motion row of inhalable particles
On the other hand to also increase the complexity that device designs.
In addition to the above methods, present people are also explored using digital holography to measure the pellets such as PM2.5；Should
Method is based on photoelectric device and the computer technologies such as holographic technique, CCD, CMOS, turns into pellet real time imagery
May.It is at present coaxial digital holography art to observe the digital holography of pellet, this method utilizes particulate matter side
The scattering light of edge records the phase information of pellet as reference light（Wang Ping, optical instrument, 2015（4）,
pp.287-292）.Although this method can carry out holographic imaging to particulate matter, due to object light and light direction phase is referred to
Together, hologram spectrum information is overlapping serious, and the resolution ratio of gained picture is relatively low.
Rose in recent years based on stacking diffraction（Ptychography）Microtechnic may also be used for recording and show
Object hologram picture.This method records a series of diffraction patterns of object first, and each diffraction pattern at least has with another diffraction pattern
Overlapping region；Object information is obtained by iterating to calculate afterwards, the information meets the requirement of all diffraction patterns, so as to reproducing
Object holographic images.This method can obtain the image higher than conventional digital holography resolution ratio, it might even be possible to sentence more than Rayleigh
According to identified optical limit（Marrison et al, Sci. Rep, 2013(3), No. 2369）.In general stacking is spread out
Microscopy is penetrated by the mutual alignment of mobile light source and sample to obtain a series of satisfactory diffraction patterns, generally this by means of
Micro-mechanical device is realized.And for the pellets such as PM2.5, PM10 in air, it is not motionless in atmosphere,
They there is certain rate of settling, test result indicates that, for particle diameter 2 μm or so particle its 200 μm/s amount
Level (cold cry of certain animals etc., the visual research that pellet moves in standing-wave sound field, Engineering Thermophysics journal, 2007（Supplementary issue
1）, pp.209-212)；Formula is settled according to Stokes, the rate of settlingvAnd particle radiusr's
It is square directly proportional, then the magnitude that its rate of settling of particle diameter is 10 μm particle is 5mm/s.These particles are carried out with diffraction and is adopted
Its diffraction pattern is recorded with high speed optoelectronic sensing device of the capture rate not less than 600fps, then adjacent two frames diffraction pattern
Overlapping region typically is had, and capture rate is higher, and overlapping region is bigger, therefore this method meets stacking diffraction algorithms institute
The condition needed, therefore pellet can be carried out to be rendered as picture using diffraction algorithms are laminated.The process is without particle is taken
Under, therefore this is imaged as in line imaging；The location technology being incorporated in light field, the real-time online prison to particulate matter can also be realized
Survey, by computer disposal, particle comes out its pattern and behavior real-time display.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of inhalable particles object detecting method based on stacking diffractometry, the party is utilized
Method can carry out holographic imaging to pellet, real-time three-dimensional reproduces, and different-grain diameter inspirable particle concentration is entered
Row calculates.This method is easy without the cutters such as PM2.5, PM10, Instrument structure；And pellet can be carried out accurate real
When dynamic three-dimensional display, not only precision is high, and can be with the behavior of online study pellet.
Technical solution of the present invention is as shown below.
A kind of inhalable particles object detecting method based on stacking diffraction microscopy, comprises the following steps：（1）Such as accompanying drawing 1
It is shown, produce spherical divergence laser beam using laser 1 and optical lens 2 and be pointed into air to be measured, the laser beam is general
To dissipate hot spot, hot spot cross-sectional area is in 1mm when irradiating air2To 100mm2In the range of, optical maser wavelength is 200 ~ 1000nm；
In containing inputting, pumping out the transparent air chamber 3 of device and barometer 31, the air chamber typically is inputted by input unit for air to be measured；
Pumping out device and can be used to discharge air chamber Central Plains has air, prevents residual air from bringing measurement error；Input/output unit during measurement
Closing is kept, makes non-moving air in air chamber；Air chamber is parallel by two faces of laser beam irradiation area, and with laser beam central shaft side
To vertical, in the direction in air chamber space thickness between 0.5mm to 1mm；This air chamber is not small away from the distance that photo-sensitive cell is popped one's head in
In 2cm, and and it is not less than 10 away from laser beam centre of sphere ratio of distances constant.
（2）The laser beam spot by air to be measured is received using the electronics such as high-speed CCD photo-sensitive cell, and is transmitted to
The processor of the diffraction reconstruction system containing stacking, transmitting device use the radio transmission technology such as wire relay broadcasting or bluetooth, Wifi.
（3）To carrying out being laminated at diffraction reconstruction after contained pellet information background correction information in laser beam spot
Reason；Its main processes of calculation is：
The first step, according to particle, diffraction pattern determines that to detect particle diffraction spot relative in whole hot spot in hot spot
Position, and the diffraction spot of variable grain is separated, according to a series of diffraction patterns, determine the change of its position；
Second step, for first particle, the incident light wave according to needed for the position of its diffraction pattern determines stacking Diffraction Calculation
FunctionInitial value, wherein R j Represent thejIn individual diffraction pattern particle relative to it position in the 1st diffraction pattern
Skew；Because incidence wave is diverging spherical laser beam, wavelength, apart from air chamber position, it is known that therefore the incidence wave wave function, it is known that
Particulate matter position in hot spot only need to be known, incident wave function herein just can try to achieve, due to the influence of air chamber glass, true ripple
Function is slightly distinguished with the wave function, can be modified in subsequent iterative calculation；
3rd step, it is laminated grain shape phase distribution needed for Diffraction Calculation（That is thing function）Initial value is set as justifying
Shape, light transmittance are typically set to 1, and phase is set to 0；
4th step, according to incidence wave wave function and the initial value of particle function, obtain particle incidence function initial value, wherein footmark 0 represent initial value；
5th step, the particle incidence functional value updated；Distance due to particle size relative to it to photo-sensitive cell
It is sufficiently small, therefore diffraction pattern can meet Fraunhofer diffraction condition, now diffraction pattern intensity
,F{ } represents Fourier transformation, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used in operating process；, can be calculated by Fraunhofer diffraction formula
It is in the wave function of photo-sensitive cell receiving terminal now；WillU 0Phase bit position retain, intensity
Use partISquare root replace, generate new receiving terminal wave function, i.e.,；It is rightCarry out in Fu
Leaf inverse transformation, obtain new particle incidence function initial value；
6th step, update thing functionOWith incident wave functionP, formula needed for renewal is respectively：
7th step, more whether reach required precision, set parameterRMS It is as follows
IfRMSLess than the error amount of settingErr, thenWithP newRespectively thing function and incident light function, conversely, then
By O0And P0Use OnewAnd PnewInstead of the four to seven step being repeated, until obtaining qualified thing function and incident light function；Err
General value is 10-3To 10-5, its value is smaller, and precision is higher, and iteration time is longer；
8th step, for other particles interested, the second to seven step is repeated, until by all granule-morphologies interested
As untill obtaining；The method that wherein each particle of interest can use parallel computation, is calculated each particle simultaneously.
(4) Shape-phase of gained particle is distributed（That is thing function）Show, that is, obtain thirdly tieing up image；According to it
3-D view, different-grain diameter inspirable particle concentration is counted, and image, particle concentration will be reproduced and be transferred to display device
In, transmitting device uses the radio transmission technology such as wire relay broadcasting or bluetooth, Wifi.The volume of air section is irradiated with reference to hot spot
Different diameter airborne particle bulk concentration can be calculated, it is dense to be then translated into corresponding quality according to national standard WS/T206-2001
Degree.
（5）Display device will reproduce the presentation of information such as hologram image, different-grain diameter inspirable particle concentration in screen.
The present invention technique effect be：(1) present invention is divided by that can realize online three-dimensional imaging to pellet
Resolution is high；Laser of the wavelength for 525nm is used, thin processing（I.e. Err values are 10-5）When resolution ratio up to 200nm；Quick processing
（I.e. Err values are 10-3）Resolution ratio is 1 μm.
(2) present invention is no more than 5min to processing times of pellet pattern reproducing processes, using concurrent operation,
60 ~ 100 particles can be handled simultaneously, and now granule number has no significant effect to processing time, therefore this experiment is to inhalable particles
The quasi real time monitoring of thing；With reference to positioning of the light field to particle diffraction figure spot, particle motion trajectory can be shown, this can be to study it
Behavior provides help.
(3) present invention can carry out statistics calculating simultaneously to the inspirable particle concentration of different-grain diameter, without using cutting
Cutter.
Brief description of the drawings
A kind of inhalable particles object detecting method equipment therefor schematic diagrames based on stacking diffraction imaging technology of Fig. 1,1 is
Laser, 2 be lens group, and 22 be optical filtering aperture, and 3 be air chamber（Containing the valve for absorbing and pumping out device）, 31 be air gauge, and 4 are
High-speed CCD, 5 be portable computer（Containing processor and display device）.
The diffraction pattern that pellet monitors in Fig. 2 manual simulation's environment, four width figures are respectively phase by 1-4 order
Adjacent four time dot patterns, scale represents 20 μm in figure.
Inhalable particles reproduce figure in Fig. 3 manual simulation's environment, and subgraph is leftmost side particle（Particle immediately below subgraph）Again
The now enlarged drawing of figure, master map scale represent 20 μm, and subgraph scale represents 1 μm.
Embodiment
Below by example, the present invention will be further described.It should be noted that the purpose for publicizing and implementing example is to help
Help and further understand the present invention, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that：The present invention and appended claims are not being departed from
In spirit and scope, various substitutions and modifications are all possible.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to interior disclosed in embodiment
Hold, the scope of protection of present invention is defined by the scope that claims define.
Embodiment：Real-time detection based on stacking diffraction algorithms to pellet in simulated environment
Build index path and connect, debug relevant device
The light path of detection pellet is built according to index path shown in accompanying drawing 1 and connects corresponding equipment, gas used
Room is 1mm in laser-irradiated domain inner thickness, and receiving device 4 is the high-speed CCD that capture rate is 1000fps.Laser passes through
Lens group 2 is into spherical wave, and sphere center position is at optics aperture 22.
Obtain background information
Pump out air in air chamber 3；When air gauge registration stabilization is in -0.1Mpa, shows that gas room air extracts and finish；Will
Wavelength is 645nm laser by being pointed into air chamber, the preceding surface of air chamber along air chamber thickness direction after expanding（I.e. close to the table of laser
Face）Spot diameter is about 1cm, and by CCD light spot receiveds, this hot spot is stored as background information.
Environmental balance
The input unit of air chamber 3 and output device are opened, when the registration of air gauge 31 is constant, represent that gas room air is
Gas in environment, closing input and output device, and stand 30s；Environment uses manual simulation's environment, i.e., at closed environment midpoint
Cigarette of burning incense produces particle.
Acquisition detects air diffraction figure
Laser is vertically injected into air chamber from the irradiation position for obtaining background information, and diffraction pattern is received by high-speed CCD,
The each two adjacent spots reception time is no more than 1/240s, and the typical diffractive figure of gained air is as shown in Fig. 2 it represents adjacent 4
The diffraction pattern at individual moment.
Obtain the reproduction image for detecting air
Stacking Diffraction Calculation is carried out according to the diffraction pattern of air.By typical diffraction pattern 2 as can be seen that 4 moment
Dust diffraction spot has overlapping, therefore can be calculated by being laminated diffraction algorithms.Computational methods are according to step in technical scheme
（3）In method carry out, in its 6th stepα、βValue is 1.By inhalable particles image corresponding to Fig. 2 obtained by iteration
As shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 subgraph is the intensified image of leftmost side particle, it can be seen that this method can be entered to particles such as PM2.5
Row three-dimensional imaging.
Obtain inspirable particle concentration
Processor to sample reproduction image is carried out into statistic of classification by its size, after background correction information, counts it automatically
Number simultaneously calculates its volume size, then compares with irradiated volume of air, and is scaled volume of air under the status of criterion, calculates
Go out bulk concentration；Corresponding mass concentration and pollution index are conversed according to national standard WS/T206-2001.
Presentation of information
By the presentation of information such as particulate matter reproduction image and particle concentration, pollution index on the screen of portable computer 5；
Constantly refresh screen, it can be seen that particulate matter dynamic movement process.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of inhalable particles object detecting method based on stacking diffractive technology, comprises the following steps：
（1）Laser beam is produced using laser and optical lens and is pointed into air to be measured；
（2）The laser beam spot by air to be measured is received using electronics photo-sensitive cell, and is transmitted to the diffraction containing stacking again
The processor of existing system；
（3）The processor of the diffraction system containing stacking carries out phase to hot spot, topographical information reproduces and calculates, shows, its process includes
Particle Primary Location, incident light initial value, in real time stacking diffraction reconstruction calculating are set according to positioning result；
（4）Different-grain diameter inspirable particle concentration is counted, and image, particle concentration information transfer to display device will be reproduced
In；
（5）Display device will reproduce image, different-grain diameter inspirable particle concentration is shown.
2. detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Middle laser beam is spherical divergence laser beam, is shone
Hot spot cross-sectional area is in 1mm when penetrating air2To 100mm2In the range of, a length of 200 ~ 1000nm of laser beam-wave.
3. detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）In air to be measured in transparent air chamber, air chamber
Containing inputting and pumping out device and air gauge, air air chamber in measurement is closed at both ends, and air gauge keeps stable.
4. detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）Middle photo-sensitive cell is high-speed CCD camera, frame
Rate is not less than 600fps.
5. detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）In laser beam spot by being wirelessly transferred
Technical transmission enters in processor.
6. detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（4）Middle reproduction image, granule density information pass through
Radio Transmission Technology is conveyed into display device.
7. detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）In air to be measured in transparent air chamber, the gas
Room is parallel by two faces of laser beam irradiation area, and vertical with laser beam central axis direction.
8. detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Kind laser beam is spherical divergence laser beam, is treated
Air is surveyed in transparent air chamber, distance of the transparent air chamber away from electronics photo-sensitive cell is not less than 2cm, and the distance is with transparent air chamber away from sharp
The ratio of distances constant of the light beam centre of sphere is not less than 10.
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| GB2569088B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2021-05-19 | Corey Kaizen Reaux Savonte | Matter-based photon quantum encryption device |
| CN108254295B (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2020-07-24 | 南京大学 | Method and device for positioning and representing spherical particles |
| CN109269952A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-25 | 东南大学 | A kind of measuring device and method of filamentary material three dimensional particles concentration information in air flow bed rectangle riser |
| CN110057729A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-26 | 天津大学 | A kind of human body particulate matter passively settles concentration determination method |
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