CN105547185B - The acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border - Google Patents
The acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border Download PDFInfo
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- CN105547185B CN105547185B CN201610028138.1A CN201610028138A CN105547185B CN 105547185 B CN105547185 B CN 105547185B CN 201610028138 A CN201610028138 A CN 201610028138A CN 105547185 B CN105547185 B CN 105547185B
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border, by contrasting the relative error between multiple linear fit curves, so as to obtain having clear and definite liquid transverse jet border.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field that liquid jet border obtains, a kind of liquid transverse jet border is specifically related to
Acquisition methods.
Background technology
In liquid fuel within engine, the jet of liquid fuel and atomization are a very important processes.Wherein, jet
Boundary information as weigh atomizing effect an index receive much concern, it affects the fogging degree of transverse jet, jet
With the blending degree of air, while the exhibition of jet is also contributed to extension.The method of research jet boundary mainly has two kinds at present：
A kind of is the grand design for being obtained by optical imagery transverse jet, then the information of jet boundary is obtained by image procossing.Separately
A kind of is the size droplet diameter information by optical measuring technique single-point, and jet boundary is obtained by the size droplet diameter information of each point,
Then it is fitted jet curve penetration depth.Conventional measuring method includes schlieren method, shadowing method, High Speed Photography, piece light method
With PDA (Particle Dynamic Analyzer).
It is not quite similar both at home and abroad in research for penetration depth definition and acquisition methods, using PDA spot measurements, its efficiency
It is relatively low, it is difficult to once to obtain the overall boundary information in complete flow field；High Speed Photography, shadowing method and schlieren method can be penetrated
The general profile of main flow, but the jet boundary information obtained based on high speed photography by image procossing are flowed, physical significance is not
Clearly.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border, the invention solves existing skill
Art border acquisition methods can not quickly, it is quantitative, obtain to explicit physical meaning liquid transverse jet border in supersonic flow
Technical problem.
The present invention provides a kind of acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border, comprises the following steps：
Step S100：Scale map picture in jet plane is obtained by pulse background imaging method, then to hypersonic flow
Liquid transverse jet in is continuously shot, and obtains the transient images of liquid transverse jet, is obtained by given gray threshold
To initial jet boundary point；
Step S200：Once fitting is carried out to the liquid jet boundary point in image, obtains first time matched curve, the
Line is followed the example of successively along jet direction on once fitting curve, and jet side is searched for zone boundary with circle in taken normal direction
The region that boundary's scatterplot is most concentrated, and multiple fisrt feature points of jet boundary are extracted in the region successively；
Step S300：Quadratic fit is carried out to fisrt feature point, second of matched curve is obtained, in second of matched curve
On along jet direction follow the example of line successively, and jet boundary scatterplot is searched for zone boundary with circle in taken normal direction and most concentrated
Region, and successively in the region extract jet boundary multiple second feature points；
Step S400：Cubic fit is carried out to second feature point, obtains third time matched curve, second is calculated and is fitted song
Line and the relative error of third time matched curve, it is horizontal using second feature point as liquid when relative error magnitudes are less than 0.1%
Jet boundary, otherwise, repeat step S300~step S400, until relative error magnitudes are less than 0.1%；
Step S500：Pixel in image is converted into by actual physics distance according to scale, obtains liquid transverse jet side
The physical boundary on boundary.
Further, the border dot image of original liquid transverse jet obtains is obtained by the method for giving gray threshold,
Gray threshold is the 10% of maximum gray scale.
Further, it is fitted to obtain according to least square method principle；
First time matched curve is
Second of matched curve be
Third time matched curve is
Wherein x be pixel abscissa, y be pixel ordinate, anAnd bnFor fitting coefficient.
Further, step S200 comprises the following steps：
Step S210：Take first time matched curveUpper any point (xi,yi), the first time matched curve of the point excessively
Normal beAnd intersect with the border of image；
Step S220：Using the origin of first time matched curve as starting point, x-axis is positive direction, using 10 pixel distances as step
It is long, make the normal by the point in first time matched curve, using the normal and intersection point of the image border away from jet area for
Point, using any point on the normal as the center of circle, R is radius, and the pixel number that the gray value fallen in the circle is 255 is designated as
S1, 10 pixel distances then are moved along the normal, obtain next round heart of lookup；
Step S230：Radius R, it is 255 by the gray value fallen in the circle using next round heart of lookup as the center of circle
Pixel number be S2, by that analogy, obtain S3, S4……Si, it is the normal side to take and the round heart is searched corresponding to maximum S values
Upward characteristic point；
To the subsequent point (x in second of matched curvei+1,yi+1) repeat step S110~130 obtains characteristic point, along first
After the completion of secondary matched curve movement, the set of all characteristic points is obtained as fisrt feature point.
Further, step S300 comprises the following steps：
Step S310：Took any point (x in second of matched curvei,yi) normal, the normal is And intersect with image boundary；
Step S320：Using the origin of first time matched curve as starting point, x-axis is positive direction, using 10 pixel distances as step
It is long, make the normal by the point in second of matched curve, using the normal and intersection point of the image boundary away from jet area for
Point, along the normal direction, so that, a little for the center of circle, R is radius on the normal, the picture for being 255 by the gray value fallen in the circle
Vegetarian refreshments number is designated as S1, 10 pixel distances then are moved along the normal, obtain next round heart of lookup；
Step S330：Radius R, it is 255 by the gray value fallen in the circle using next round heart of lookup as the center of circle
Pixel number be T2, by that analogy, obtain T3, T4……Ti, it is the normal side to take and the round heart is searched corresponding to maximum S values
Upward characteristic point；
To the subsequent point (x in second of matched curvei+1,yi+1) repeat step S310~330 obtains characteristic point, along second
After the completion of secondary matched curve movement, the collection for obtaining all characteristic points is combined into second feature point.
Further, the relative error of second of matched curve and third time matched curve isWhereinFor the relative error percentage of any pixel position correspondence, η is mean error percentage, n
For pixel number.
Further, imaging method is pulse laser background imaging method.
The technique effect of the present invention：
The acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border provided by the invention, pass through the jet boundary obtained to grey relevant dynamic matrix
Point carries out multiple feature point extraction and linear fit, obtains the border of liquid transverse jet, gained measurement result is objective, it is quantitative,
Physical significance understands accurately.
It is specific refer to the various embodiments that are proposed according to the acquisition methods on the liquid transverse jet border of the present invention as
Lower description, will be apparent in terms of the above and other for causing the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment for the acquisition methods that the present invention provides liquid transverse jet border；
Fig. 2 is that the present invention provides the pulse background imaging test device used in the acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border
Structural representation；
Fig. 3 is to set threshold value in the acquisition methods preferred embodiment on present invention offer liquid transverse jet border as maximum gray scale
Value 10% when the jet boundary point schematic diagram that obtains；
Fig. 4 be the present invention provide in the acquisition methods preferred embodiment on liquid transverse jet border first time matched curve and
Initial jets boundary point distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 be the present invention provide in the acquisition methods preferred embodiment on liquid transverse jet border second of matched curve and
Second feature point distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 be the present invention provide in the acquisition methods preferred embodiment on liquid transverse jet border third time matched curve and
Third feature point distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is second of matched curve in the acquisition methods preferred embodiment of the invention for providing liquid transverse jet border
With the 3rd curve comparison schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The accompanying drawing for forming the part of the application is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Apply example and its illustrate to be used to explain the present invention, do not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border provided by the invention comprise the following steps：
Step S100：Scale map picture in jet plane is obtained by pulse background imaging method, then to hypersonic flow
Liquid transverse jet in is continuously shot, and obtains the transient images of liquid transverse jet, by given gray threshold (most
10%) high-gray level obtains initial jet boundary point, referring to Fig. 3；
Step S200：Once fitting is carried out to the liquid jet boundary point in image, obtains first time matched curve, the
Line is followed the example of successively along jet direction on once fitting curve, and jet side is searched for zone boundary with circle in taken normal direction
The region that boundary's scatterplot is most concentrated, and multiple fisrt feature points of jet boundary are extracted in the region successively；
Step S300：Quadratic fit is carried out to fisrt feature point, second of matched curve is obtained, in second of matched curve
On along jet direction follow the example of line successively, and jet boundary scatterplot is searched for zone boundary with circle in taken normal direction and most concentrated
Region, and successively in the region extract jet boundary multiple second feature points；
Step S400：Cubic fit is carried out to second feature point, obtains third time matched curve, second is calculated and is fitted song
Line and the relative error of third time matched curve, it is horizontal using second feature point as liquid when relative error magnitudes are less than 0.1%
Jet boundary, otherwise, repeat step S300~step S400, until relative error magnitudes are less than 0.1%；
Step S500：Pixel in image is converted into by actual physics distance according to scale, obtains liquid transverse jet side
The physical boundary on boundary.
Method provided by the invention can be carried on the back pulse by being carried out to the transient images of liquid transverse jet after being repeatedly fitted
The image that scape imaging method obtains, it is changed into the jet boundary of explicit physical meaning.
Referring to Fig. 2, the pulse background imaging method that the preferable present invention uses obtains liquid transverse jet by the device
Image.The device includes：It is arranged in the laser generator 8 of the side of test section 6, is relatively arranged on test section 6 with laser generator 8
The CCD camera 2 and optical screen 4 of side.Test section 6 is inner hollow, can be the experiment segment structure commonly used in the imaging method.Light
Screen 4 is arranged between laser generator 8 and test section 6.Laser generator 8 can launch laser beam 7 to optical screen 4.Laser occurs
The outer wall in the region of test section 6 of the face of device 8 is quartz glass, and the outer wall that test section 6 is made of the material is advantageous to CCD camera
2 obtain associated picture.Laser generator 8 and CCD camera 2 are connected with the data of computer 1, it is possible to achieve to acquired image
Storage and transmission.Jet-core region 5 is in test section 6.In use, the camera lens by light source center, jet-core region 5 and CCD camera 2
Same vertical height is arrived in center regulation, then focuses, by micro-lens focal plane, the background optical plane and jet of optical screen 4
Center 5 is adjusted to parallel.Laser irradiating angle is adjusted, makes bias light imagewise uniform.Laser intensity and camera exposure time are adjusted, is protected
Card obtains clearly image.Then scale is placed in camera focal plane and is shot, scale information is preserved, so as to obtain jet
Scale map picture in plane.The parameter constant of CCD camera 2 and laser generator 8 is kept, Supersonic Gas is passed through in test section 6
Stream 3, and start injected liquid, laser generator 8 is opened by computer 1 and CCD camera 2 starts continuously to record liquid jet figure
Picture, obtain digitized transient images.
Referring to Fig. 3, be gained jet transient images after grey relevant dynamic matrix is handled, obtained jet boundary scatter diagram.
Given gray threshold (the 10% of image maximum gray scale), obtain the image of jet boundary point；As can be seen that what such a method obtained
Jet upstream boundary is more clear, and jet downstream is not bright because ambient noise and jet current secondary atomization cause boundary point to disperse
A kind of true jet boundary, it is therefore desirable to the clearly given jet boundary of method.Wherein grey relevant dynamic matrix operating procedure is：To figure
After carrying out denoising, background gray levels 255, jet-core region region gray value is 0, therefore gives a gray threshold,
Such as the 10% of maximum gradation value, then to image, each pixel judges one by one, and extraction gray value is equal to the pixel of threshold value,
By Image Reconstruction shown in Fig. 3 into initial jet boundary image.
It is in form according to what existing more document disclosures understood penetration depth empirical equationWherein, h is jet penetration, and d is nozzle diameter, and q is hydraulic pneumatic amount ratio：
Wherein, u∞For lateral gas flow velocity, ujFor lip jet speed, a1、a2、a3It is constant, for same operating
Under, because speed of incoming flow and lip jet speed are definite values, that is, it is definite value in same operating to think q.Therefore the present invention provides
Fitting use least square method principle, select shaped like y=axbCurve fit type borderline region is fitted；Referring to
Fig. 3, coordinate system is established, using the intersection point of jet expansion jet cylinder windward side and spray flat board top edge as coordinate origin o, x
Axle overlaps with spray flat board top edge, along airflow direction for just, y-axis is just, perpendicular to spray flat board along liquid injection direction；Its
Middle x is pixel abscissa, and y is pixel ordinate, and a, b are undetermined coefficient, obtain first time matched curveSuch as Fig. 4 institutes
Show.
Preferably, step S200 comprises the following steps：
Step S210：Take first time matched curveUpper any point (xi,yi), the first time matched curve of the point excessively
Normal beAnd intersect with transient images border；
Step S220：Using the origin of first time matched curve as starting point, x-axis is positive direction, using 10 pixel distances as step
It is long, make the normal by the point in first time matched curve, using the normal and intersection point of the image border away from jet area for
Point, so that, a little for the center of circle, R is radius on normal, the pixel number that the gray value fallen in the circle is 255 is designated as S1,
Then 10 pixel distances are moved along the normal, obtains next round heart of lookup；
Step S230：Radius R, it is 255 by the gray value fallen in the circle using next round heart of lookup as the center of circle
Pixel number be S2, by that analogy, obtain S3, S4……Si, it is the normal side to take and the round heart is searched corresponding to maximum S values
Upward characteristic point；
To the subsequent point (x in second of matched curvei+1,yi+1) repeat step S110~130 obtains characteristic point, along first
After the completion of secondary matched curve movement, the set of all characteristic points is obtained as fisrt feature point.
Specially cross first time matched curveOn point taking method line；Using above-mentioned coordinate origin as starting point, x-axis
Positive direction, using 10 pixel distances as step-length, and as abscissa, take curveCross the method
Line isAnd intersect with image boundary.
The region that boundary point distribution is most concentrated is searched in the normal direction, it is determined that some characteristic point as the region；
Using normal and intersection point of the image edge away from jet area as starting point, along normal direction, using the point on normal as the center of circle, R is half
Footpath, counted to falling the pixel that the gray value in circle is 255, be designated as S1, 10 pixel distances then are moved along normal,
Count under new position that gray value is 255 pixel number in circle, be designated as S2, it is designated as S successively in this approach3, S4……Si,
Compare the obtained S values of statistics, take and the round center of circle is searched corresponding to maximum as the characteristic point in the normal direction, then along the
Once fitting curve movement normal, all characteristic points are obtained with same method；The characteristic point chosen by this method, on the one hand
The physical significance on transverse jet border is more bonded, on the other hand, characteristic point distribution is more uniform, makes jet downstream boundary more clear
It is clear.
Fisrt feature point is fitted to obtain second of matched curve.Second of the matched curve preferably obtained beIt is as shown in Figure 5 to be fitted jet boundary curve.Because second of fitting object is near first time matched curve normal
Obtained fisrt feature point is extracted, therefore obtained matched curve is more bonded real jet boundary.The fitting is also according to most
Small square law principle is carried out.
Preferably, step S300 comprises the following steps：
Step S310：Cross any point (x in second of matched curvei,yi) normal beAnd intersect with image boundary；
Step S320：Using the origin of first time matched curve as starting point, x-axis is positive direction, using 10 pixel distances as step
It is long, make the normal by the point in second of matched curve, using the normal and intersection point of the image border away from jet area for
Point, along normal direction, so that, a little for the center of circle, R is radius on normal, the pixel for being 255 by the gray value fallen in the circle
Number is designated as S1, 10 pixel distances then are moved along the normal, obtain next round heart of lookup；
Step S330：Radius R, it is 255 by the gray value fallen in the circle using next round heart of lookup as the center of circle
Pixel number be designated as T2, by that analogy, obtain T3, T4……Ti, it is the normal to take and the round heart is searched corresponding to maximum T values
Characteristic point on direction；
To the subsequent point (x in second of matched curvei+1,yi+1) repeat step S310~330 obtains characteristic point, along second
After the completion of secondary matched curve movement, the collection for obtaining all characteristic points is combined into second feature point.
Effect with it is preceding identical.
It is fitted using gained second feature point as object, obtains third time matched curve.Preferably, third time is fitted bent
Line isReferring to Fig. 6, equally it is referred to abovementioned steps and the characteristic point near third time matched curve normal is carried
Take.In full text in all matched curves x be pixel abscissa, y be pixel ordinate, anAnd bnFor fitting coefficient.By
The extracting method of second feature point is identical with third feature point extracting method in step S300 in step S200, second feature point
Number and third feature point number using same letter statement.
Preferably, using calculating formulaWhereinFor single pixel position
Corresponding relative error percentage, η are mean error percentage, and n is pixel number；When η value is less than 0.1%, it is believed that
The series of features point can be used as transverse jet border, otherwise, repeat the above steps six to eight, untill η meets to require；Meter
The relative error between second of matched curve and third time matched curve is calculated, twice fitting curve is shown in Fig. 7.Intended using this method
When relative error between second of the matched curve and third time matched curve that are obtained after conjunction meets the condition, gained border is bent
Line is as shown in Figure 7.By comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 7, the two relatively coincide.
The scale that step S500 obtains according to pulse background imaging method, the pixel distance of scale label in image is measured,
Image resolution ratio can be calculated according to scale label, the pixel distance of image is multiplied with image resolution ratio, obtain actual thing
Distance is managed, that is, obtains the jet boundary of physics.
Those skilled in the art will be clear that the scope of the present invention is not restricted to example discussed above, it is possible to which it is carried out
Some changes and modification, the scope of the present invention limited without departing from appended claims.Although oneself is through in accompanying drawing and explanation
Illustrate and describe the present invention in book in detail, but such explanation and description are only explanations or schematical, and it is nonrestrictive.
The present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.
By to accompanying drawing, the research of specification and claims, when implementing of the invention, those skilled in the art can be with
Understand and realize the deformation of the disclosed embodiments.In detail in the claims, term " comprising " is not excluded for other steps or element,
And indefinite article "one" or " one kind " be not excluded for it is multiple.The some measures quoted in mutually different dependent claims
The fact does not mean that the combination of these measures can not be advantageously used.Any reference marker in claims is not formed pair
The limitation of the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step S100：Scale map picture in jet plane is obtained by pulse background imaging method, then in supersonic flow field
Liquid transverse jet be continuously shot, obtain the transient images of liquid transverse jet, obtained just by given gray threshold
The jet boundary point of beginning；
Step S200：Once fitting is carried out to the liquid jet boundary point in the transient images of the liquid transverse jet, obtained
First time matched curve, line is followed the example of successively along jet direction in the first time matched curve, and in taken normal direction
The region most concentrated for zone boundary lookup jet boundary scatterplot with circle, and the multiple of jet boundary are extracted in the region successively
Fisrt feature point；
Step S300：Quadratic fit is carried out to fisrt feature point, obtains second of matched curve, the edge in second of matched curve
Jet direction follows the example of line, and the area most concentrated for zone boundary lookup jet boundary scatterplot with circle in taken normal direction successively
Domain, and multiple second feature points of jet boundary are extracted in the region successively；
Step S400：Cubic fit is carried out to the second feature point, obtains third time matched curve, described second is calculated and intends
The relative error of curve and third time matched curve is closed, when the relative error magnitudes are less than 0.1%, with the second feature point
As the liquid transverse jet border, otherwise, repeat step S300~step S400, until the relative error magnitudes are less than
0.1%；
Step S500：Pixel in the transient images of the liquid transverse jet is converted into by actual physics distance according to scale,
Obtain the physical boundary on the liquid transverse jet border.
2. the acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border according to claim 1, it is characterised in that original liquid is laterally penetrated
The border dot image of stream obtains to be obtained by the method for giving gray threshold, and the gray threshold is the 10% of maximum gray scale.
3. the acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border according to claim 2, it is characterised in that according to least square method
Principle is fitted to obtain；
The first time matched curve is
Second of matched curve be
The third time matched curve is
Wherein x be pixel abscissa, y be pixel ordinate, anAnd bnFor fitting coefficient, n=1,2,3.
4. the acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step S200 bags
Include following steps：
Step S210：Take the first time matched curveUpper any point (xi,yi), the first time for crossing the point is fitted
Normal to a curve isAnd intersect with the border of the transient images of the liquid transverse jet；
Step S220：Using the origin of the first time matched curve as starting point, x-axis is positive direction, using 10 pixel distances as step
It is long, make the normal by the point in the first time matched curve, with the normal and the transient images of the liquid transverse jet
Intersection point of the edge away from jet area is starting point, and using any point on the normal as the center of circle, R is radius, will be fallen in the circle
The pixel number that gray value is 255 is designated as S1, 10 pixel distances then are moved along the normal, it is round to obtain next lookup
The heart；
Step S230：Using next round heart of lookup as the center of circle, radius R, the picture that the gray value in the circle is 255 will be fallen
Vegetarian refreshments number is S2, by that analogy, obtain S3, S4……Si, take and the round heart searched corresponding to maximum S values as in the normal direction
Characteristic point；
To the subsequent point (x in the first time matched curvei+1,yi+1) repeat step S210~230 obtains characteristic point, along described
After the completion of first time matched curve movement, the set of all characteristic points is obtained as the fisrt feature point.
5. the acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the step S300 bags
Include following steps：
Step S310：Took any point (x in second of matched curvei,yi) normal, the normal is And intersect with the transient images border of the liquid transverse jet；
Step S320：Using the origin of second of matched curve as starting point, x-axis is positive direction, using 10 pixel distances as step
It is long, make the normal by the point in second of matched curve, with the normal and the transient images of the liquid transverse jet
Intersection point of the border away from jet area is starting point, along the normal direction, so that, a little for the center of circle, R is radius, will be fallen on the normal
The pixel number that gray value in the circle is 255 is designated as T1, 10 pixel distances then are moved along the normal, are obtained next
It is individual to search the round heart；
Step S330：Using next round heart of lookup as the center of circle, radius R, the picture that the gray value in the circle is 255 will be fallen
Vegetarian refreshments number is designated as T2, by that analogy, obtain T3, T4……Ti, it is the normal direction to take and the round heart is searched corresponding to maximum T values
On characteristic point；
To the subsequent point (x in second of matched curvei+1,yi+1) repeat step S310~330 obtains characteristic point, along described
After the completion of second of matched curve movement, the collection for obtaining all characteristic points is combined into the second feature point.
6. the acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border according to claim 5, it is characterised in that second of fitting
Curve and the relative error of the third time matched curve areWhereinTo appoint
Relative error percentage corresponding to one location of pixels, η are mean error percentage, and n is pixel number.
7. according to the acquisition methods on liquid transverse jet border according to any one of claims 1 to 6, it is characterised in that institute
It is pulse laser background imaging method to state imaging method.
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| CN107121262A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-01 | 南京理工大学 | Background schlieren transient flow field shows system and the flow field measurement method based on the system |
| CN109000883B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-04-21 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method for determining relation between pressure and flow in micron capillary channel |
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| KR20150070820A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-25 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Apparatus and method for measuring an object three-dimensional shape by using liquid |
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