CN105546852B - A kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density device and method - Google Patents

A kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density device and method Download PDF

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CN105546852B
CN105546852B CN201610060469.3A CN201610060469A CN105546852B CN 105546852 B CN105546852 B CN 105546852B CN 201610060469 A CN201610060469 A CN 201610060469A CN 105546852 B CN105546852 B CN 105546852B
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heat
heat dump
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CN105546852A (en
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魏进家
靳亚斌
方嘉宾
屠楠
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density device and method, including heat dump, the wall inner side of heat dump is provided with boiling tube, quartz glass forms are provided with the sunshine import of heat dump, the inside of heat dump is filled with aerosol, the side of heat dump is provided with aerosol import, and opposite side is provided with aerosol outlet, and the pressure compensation unit for keeping heat dump internal pressure to balance is also associated with the side wall of heat dump.The present invention can cause heat dump wall heat flux even density again in the case where convection heat losses are reduced, and improve the photothermal conversion efficiency and safety in operation of whole solar heat absorber.

Description

A kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density device and method
Technical field
Field is utilized the invention belongs to solar cavity type heat absorber wall heat flux even density, and in particular to a kind of sun Can heat dump wall heat flux even density device and method.
Background technology
Solar heat absorber is converted into the core of heat energy as realizing solar radiant energy in tower-type solar thermal power generating system Part, the quality of its performance directly influences the efficiency and economy of whole electricity generation system.Because heat exchange area is big, heat loss Small, cavity type heat absorber is widely used.The usual only one of which opening of cavity type heat absorber, and be unilateral daylighting, own Heliostat at solar focusing to opening, will all make solar ray energy current density on plane of the opening that the low height of center surrounding high is presented Non-uniform Distribution, and the distribution of heat flow density and temperature on the heat absorbent surface of heat dump inside is greatly affected, make its same Distribution character highly heterogeneous is presented, the safety of heat dump operation can be had a strong impact on because of the piping thermal prestressed that thermograde is produced Reliability.Along with the discrete job specification of solar heat absorber, piping thermal prestressed is caused frequently to load and unload, easily Mechanical fatigue stress is produced, the service life of endothermic tube is had a strong impact on.The working medium shape of cavity type heat absorber evaporating heating surface outlet simultaneously State can change with the change of heat flow density, sometimes be superheated steam, sometimes be steam-water mixture, sometimes unsaturated water, together When heat flux distribution is uneven can also cause endothermic tube to flow back to stream and stagnate, causing restricting orifice to fail can not effectively adjust flow point With so cause pipe overheat ablation, it is extremely unstable that this all causes that heat dump works, and the safe operation of heat dump is proposed severe Challenge.Document《Effect of one-target focus type on hydrodynamic characteristics of tower solar cavity receiver.Adv Mech Eng,2014,2014:615942》In have open the above.
There is two ways at present to realize wall heat flux even density, a kind of mode is by changing heat absorption intraductal heat transfer The liquid form of working medium, for example, increase the flow of working medium, or boiling tube is arranged into high heat flux in high heat flux area Area, wall temperature is reduced by the coefficient of heat transfer higher, heat absorbent surface Temperature Distribution is obtained more uniform；Another way is from calmly The angle of solar eyepiece is set out, and by adjusting focusing strategy, is reduced out for example with Multi-point focusing or the fuzzy mode for focusing on etc. The inhomogeneities of solar ray energy current density distribution, heat absorbent surface heat flux distribution inhomogeneities is reduced so as to reach in mouth plane Purpose.Because the generation mechanism of thermal stress understands, the even densityization distribution of homogenization heat dump wall heat flux is to reduce endothermic tube One of effective means of thermal stress, document《The analysis of cavity-type solar heat dump》In have open the above (Wang Fuqiang, forever Handsome, what is said or talked about peace, the analysis [J] of cavity-type solar heat dump, Engineering Thermophysics journal, 2011,32 (5), 843-847), above-mentioned side Method is all indirect comparing, does not leave for solving the problems, such as heat flow density non-uniform Distribution in itself from heat dump, and with operation More complicated, maintenance cost is high and the shortcomings of maintenance period long.
The content of the invention
Put it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of makeup of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density, it is existing to solve The skewness problem of tower type solar heat dump wall heat flux density field, and heat dump heat absorbing conduit face is in running In thermal stress it is high, caused due to thermal stress heat absorbing conduit face fail and rupture problem, the present invention can reduce convection current Heat dump wall heat flux even density can be caused in the case of heat loss again, the photothermal conversion of whole solar heat absorber is improved Efficiency.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density makeup is put, including heat dump, and the wall inner side of heat dump sets There is boiling tube, quartz glass forms are provided with the sunshine import of heat dump, the inside of heat dump is filled with aerosol, heat dump Side be provided with aerosol import, opposite side is provided with aerosol outlet, be also associated with the side wall of heat dump for keep absorb heat The pressure compensation unit of device internal pressure balance.
Further, aerosol import is connected with aerosol feed pipe, and aerosol feed pipe is provided with inlet valve, gas Colloidal sol outlet is connected with aerosol discharge pipe, and aerosol discharge pipe is provided with outlet valve；Aerosol outlet and outlet valve it Between be provided with collection y-type filter for collecting aerosol.
Further, the wall inner side at the top of heat dump is provided with bellows.
Further, described pressure compensation unit includes pressure-equalizing passageway, and the side wall of heat dump is provided with air inlet row Gas port, one end of pressure-equalizing passageway is connected on air intake-exhaust mouthful, and the other end is connected with centrifugal blower, centrifugal blower and air inlet Be sequentially provided between exhaust outlet safety valve, pressure gauge and for prevent aerosol reveal leakproof y-type filter, safety valve and The first intake valve is provided between pressure gauge, the second intake valve is provided between centrifugal blower and safety valve.
Further, the particle random trajectory model of the aerosol of heat dump inside filling is 1 × 107-1×1016/m3, particle Footpath is 0.08-50 μm.
A kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density method, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Quartz glass forms are installed at the sunshine import of heat dump；
Step 2：To aerosol is filled in heat dump, sunshine is mutually absorbed, radiates or scatters by the particle in aerosol Uneven solar energy at import, then uniformly radiates or is reflected to the other walls of heat dump, and then realize wall heat flux Even density.
Further, the wall inner side of heat dump is provided with boiling tube, and the wall inner side at the top of heat dump is additionally provided with bellows, The side of heat dump is provided with aerosol import, and opposite side is provided with aerosol outlet, is also associated with for protecting on the side wall of heat dump The pressure compensation unit of heat dump internal pressure balance is held, aerosol import is connected with aerosol feed pipe, aerosol charging Pipeline is provided with inlet valve, and aerosol outlet is connected with aerosol discharge pipe, and aerosol discharge pipe is provided with outlet valve；Gas Colloidal sol exports the collection y-type filter being provided with and outlet valve between for collecting aerosol.
Further, described pressure compensation unit includes pressure-equalizing passageway, and the side wall of heat dump is provided with air inlet row Gas port, one end of pressure-equalizing passageway is connected on air intake-exhaust mouthful, and the other end is connected with centrifugal blower, centrifugal blower and air inlet Be sequentially provided between exhaust outlet safety valve, pressure gauge and for prevent aerosol reveal leakproof y-type filter, safety valve and The first intake valve is provided between pressure gauge, the second intake valve is provided between centrifugal blower and safety valve.
Further, the particle random trajectory model of the aerosol of heat dump inside filling is 1 × 107-1×1016/m3, particle Footpath is 0.08-50 μm, and particle is mutually carbon particle in aerosol.
Further, heat dump is square cavity, and the thickness of quartz glass forms is 10mm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technique effect：
The present invention is provided with quartz glass forms at the sunshine import of heat dump, and the inside filling of heat dump has strongly The aerosol of radiation, absorption and scattering particles phase, the light projected by heliostat field in heat absorber cavity is running into particle Can absorb, radiate and scatter during phase aerosol, uniformly be radiated heat absorber cavity wall again after particle energy absorption, only Need by change aerosol particle particle diameter, concentration and in aerosol particle phase concentration come adjust wall heat flux density point Cloth, you can so that wall heat flux even density, the cavity type heat absorber convection current when lateral wind velocity is 9m/s in the process of running Heat loss maximum can reach 15%, and quartz glass forms effectively reduce the convection heat losses with the external world in addition, effectively carry The photothermal conversion efficiency of highly endothermic device, the present invention has the advantages that simple structure, easy to operate, investment and maintenance cost are few.
Further, set in aerosol outlet and collect y-type filter, can effectively reclaim aerosol.
Further, bellows is provided with the inside of the wall at the top of heat dump, heat dump inside pressure is controlled by bellows Dynamic balance.
Further, by set safety valve, pressure gauge and for prevent aerosol reveal leakproof y-type filter, When heat dump internal pressure exceedes bellows control range, pressure release can be carried out by safety valve, leakproof Y types filtering during pressure release Device can collect aerosol, prevent aerosol from revealing.
The inventive method installs quartz glass forms at the sunshine import of heat dump, by filling gas in heat dump Colloidal sol, the uneven solar energy at sunshine import is mutually absorbed or scatters by the particle in aerosol, then uniform radiation Or the other walls of heat dump are reflected to, and then wall heat flux even density is realized, the two dimension programmed using Monte Carlo method Result of calculation can be seen that the filling aerosol in the square heat absorber cavity of 4m × 4m × 4m, and contrast contains aerosol Radiating wall Temperature Distribution and unevenness are participated in without medium, the left and right side temperature of the cavity containing aerosol is drawn Slightly higher at same position, front center temperature is significant lower, significantly raised away from center temperature, left and right side temperature Unevenness is roughly the same, and front non-uniform temperature degree is decreased obviously, and aerosol is added in cavity to the uniform of top temperature field Change has a significant effect, and can reach the purpose of the thermal stress for reducing solar heat absorber heat absorbing conduit, it is to avoid due to heat The failure of pipe surface or Surface Rupture Events occur caused by stress.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is Monte Carlo calculations steps flow chart general diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the Monte Carlo simulation flow chart that single light beam of the invention radiates transmission in medium system；
Fig. 4 is Monte Carlo calculations two dimensional model sketch of the invention；
Fig. 5 is sunlight heat flow density distribution map at heater opening of the present invention；
Fig. 6 be use the inventive method add particle diameter be 0.08 μm of face wall EDS maps of medium；
Fig. 7 be use the inventive method add particle diameter be 10 μm of face wall EDS maps of medium；
Fig. 8 be use the inventive method add particle diameter be 30 μm of face wall EDS maps of medium；
Fig. 9 be use the inventive method add particle diameter be 50 μm of face wall EDS maps of medium；
Figure 10 is that heat dump is the overall structure diagram of square.
Wherein, 1, quartz glass forms；2nd, heat dump；3rd, aerosol import；4th, aerosol outlet；5th, bellows；6th, prevent Leakage y-type filter；7th, pressure gauge, the 8, first intake valve；9th, safety valve；10th, the second intake valve；11st, centrifugal blower；12nd, Y is collected Type filter；13rd, outlet valve；14th, inlet valve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density makeup is put, including heat dump 2, heat dump 2 Quartz glass forms 1 are provided with sunshine import, wall inner side of the heat dump 2 in addition to quartz glass forms 1 is equipped with boiling Rise pipe, the wall inner side at the top of heat dump 2 is additionally provided with bellows 5, the inside filling of heat dump 2 have intense radiation, scattering and The aerosol of absorption characteristic particle phase, the side of heat dump 2 is provided with aerosol import 3, and aerosol import 3 is connected with aerosol and enters Pipe material, aerosol feed pipe is provided with inlet valve 14；Opposite side is provided with aerosol outlet 4, and aerosol outlet 4 is connected with gas Colloidal sol discharge pipe, aerosol discharge pipe is provided with outlet valve 13, is also associated with the side wall of heat dump 2 for keeping absorbing heat The pressure compensation unit of the internal pressure of device 2 balance, described pressure compensation unit includes pressure-equalizing passageway, the side of heat dump 2 Wall is provided with air intake-exhaust mouthful, and one end of pressure-equalizing passageway is connected on air intake-exhaust mouthful, and the other end is connected with centrifugal blower 11, the leakproof y-type filter 6, pressure for preventing aerosol from revealing is sequentially provided between air intake-exhaust mouthful and centrifugal blower 11 Table 7, the first intake valve 8, the intake valve 10 of safety valve 9 and second.
A kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density method, the implementation steps of the method include：In right prism Installation is more than 92% with transmitance and thickness is the stone of 10mm at the sunshine import of the solar cavity type heat absorber of shape English glass, can effectively reduce the convection heat losses with the external world, and guarantee has good air-tightness, then by heat dump Aerosol of the addition with intense radiation, absorption and scattering particles phase in cavity, carbon particle number density is 1 × 10 in aerosol7- 1×1016/m3, grain diameter is 0.08-50 μm, it is desirable to which the scattering signatures of particle phase are incoherent scattering, are mutually inhaled by particle Receive, radiation or scattering come from the solar energy of Jing Chang, and then realize wall heat flux even density.
The course of work of the invention is described in detail below：
The present invention when in use, can be to the gas that certain density particle phase is injected in heat dump 2 by aerosol import 3 Colloidal sol, is then shut off outlet valve 13 and inlet valve 14, and projecting light in the cavity of heat dump 2 by heliostat field is running into Can absorb, radiate and scatter during grain phase aerosol, the cavity wall of heat dump 2 is uniformly radiated again after particle energy absorption Face, by changing grain diameter, concentration and the concentration of particle phase adjusts the distribution of wall heat flux density in aerosol, and then makes Obtain wall heat flux even density.After adding aerosol, the first intake valve 8 and the second intake valve 10 are opened, by centrifugal blower 11 pressurize in heat dump 2, when pressure reaches desirable value, close the first intake valve 8, and the cavity of heat dump 2 is in running In, its interior temperature can be raised, and the balance of wherein pressure can be maintained by bellows 5, and pressure gauge 7 can be with real-time monitoring heat dump Pressure in 2, when pressure is outside the regulating power scope of bellows 5, closes the second intake valve 10, opens the first intake valve 8, cavity pressure can be maintained by safety valve 9 in safe range.When needing to change aerosol in chamber, open first and enter The intake valve 10 of air valve 8 and second and outlet valve 13, by centrifugal blower 11 to air is injected in heat dump 2, by collecting Y types The filtering of filter 12 can collect aerosol particle, the intake valve 10 of outlet valve 13 and second is then shut off, by aerosol import 3 Inject the aerosol of the new particle random trajectory model for needing.
The inventive method checking flow is as follows：The particle size range of carbon black particle is 6 × 10-2-8×10-2Um, in visible ray With variations in refractive index in the range of infra-red radiation less, the refracting characteristic of carbon black particle is n=3.012-1.301i, for sun waves 0-2um self-energys radiation energy long accounts for the 94.04% of integrated radiant emittance, and volume fraction is f=10-8.Document《Liu Linhua, Yu Qizheng, Ruan Li It is bright, wait the radiation characteristic [J] of Pulverized Coal Combustion Products, power engineering, 1996,16 (6):14-24》Using document《Lee S C, Tien C L.optical constants of soot in hydrocarbon flames[C].18th Symp.(int.)on Combustion,Combustion Instuite,Pittsburgh,1986》The carbon black particle refractive index data for being given, calculates The Planck mean absorption coefficient of carbon black particle.In 300-1700 DEG C of temperature range, the Planck of carbon black particle is averagely inhaled Receive COEFFICIENT KapIt is unrelated with particle diameter, and increase with the increase of temperature, i.e.,
Kap=(- 0.267 (T+273.15)2+2000(T+273.15)-486500)fv (1)
When carbon particle temperature is in the range of 300-1700 DEG C, Planck extinction coefficient when particle diameter is more than 3um, scattering coefficient and Absorption coefficient calculating formula is as follows：
Kex=(3950000fv)/D (2)
Kap=(1805000fv)/D (3)
Ksp=(2145000fv)/D (4)
From Fig. 2, Fig. 3：NMCM,iIt is the light beam sum of unit i Monte Carlo simulations；nMCM,iIt is the light beam of unit i simulations Number；Ms、MvFace number of unit respectively total in system and body unit number；RDi,jIt is radiance transfer factor；S is transmitted for radiation Stroke.By taking surface emissivity heat transfer as an example, in order to determine certain root transmitting light beam in certain unit, it is necessary first to random three skies of determination Between coordinate parameters, determine launch point, along with two randomly selected direction in space parameter ψ and θ, determine the direction of the launch, so Just can determine that the straight line in space.In a closed system, determine that light beam intersects with certain face unit and ask straight line and put down The intersecting solid problem in face.When this light beam reaches another face unit, randomly choose one and absorb, reflect, according to this The surface emissivity characteristic in face, judges that light beam is that quilt cover unit absorbs, reflects.If light beam is reflected by wall, then random determination Both direction parameter redefines the straight line in space, repeats process above until light beam is absorbed as by certain face unit Only.For absorption, the radiation transmission of scattering medium.From the figure 3, it may be seen that in addition to above-mentioned simulation process, in addition it is also necessary to determine light beam In medium may transmission length S, and light beam and medium effect.
Research object is divided into multiple units (including face unit and body unit) in probability simulation, and each list is made first The light beam of unit's transmitting certain amount, tracks, counts the home to return to of every light beams afterwards, that is, judge whether it is inhaled by medium and interface Receive or whether escaped from system, finally give the statistics that the unit absorbs number of light beams.In a radiation transmission system Radiance transfer factor RD in system between any two unit i and jijDefinition be, unit i (face cell SsiOr body unit Vi) from The energy that body radiate by once project or through in system other each unit one or many reflection, absorb and scattering after, Finally by unit j (face cell SsjOr body unit Vj) share that is absorbed.
When a solar cavity type heat absorber is designed, because the position of boiling tube is the distribution according to internal heat flows density Come what is chosen, therefore will consider how the heat flow density inside heat dump is distributed first.Simultaneously to existing heat dump When carrying out the improvement of structure and performance, whether its internal heat flux distribution is also rationally an important Consideration.But The means that the regularity of distribution of heat flow density is difficult by testing are measured and obtained, and this just needs the calculating mould for setting up heat dump hot property badly Type, the heat flux distribution inside solar cavity type heat absorber is obtained using the means of numerical value.Above by Monte Carlo light The probability simulation part for following the trail of hair has been obtained for the radiance transfer factor of system, and Monte Carlo ray tracing is sent out after this Thermal simulation part can be carried out.The partial simulation is by the energy-balance equation to being expressed in radiance transfer factor form Group is solved, the final distribution for obtaining temperature field and heat flow density inside heat dump.
At one by MsIndividual face unit and MvIn the closing thermal radiation system of individual cell composition, to any one face unit SiFor, it is with the energy equation that radiance transfer factor form is expressed：
Similarly, to any one body unit V in thermal radiation systemiEnergy equation be：
In upper two formula：
The emissivity of ε --- bin；
S --- area/m2；
σ --- black body radiation constant, 5.67 × 10-8/W·m-2·K-4；
Source item/the W of Q --- energy equation；
κ --- medium Planck absorption coefficient；
V --- volume/m3。
The heat flow density of each face unit and body unit can be obtained by the solution of above equation group.
Embodiment
Filling particle diameter is 0.08-50um in the square cavity of 4m × 4m × 4m, and particle random trajectory model is 1 × 107-1× 1016/m3Carbon particle (carbon particle refractive index be 1.93 (1-0.53i)) blending agent.Cover special using two dimension to simplify to calculate Carlow calculates, and Fig. 4 is to simplify calculation diagram, and Fig. 5 is the heat flux distribution at known opening, and Fig. 6~9 are to add in cavity When entering different-grain diameter difference number density, wall surface temperature distribution map.Wall interposition when can be seen that addition aerosol from Fig. 6~9 Putting high-temperature region can reach unanimity with the increase wall surface temperature of number density.By the absorption of particle phase in aerosol, scattering and spoke Penetrate so that the wall surface temperature uniformity is significantly improved.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density makeup is put, it is characterised in that including heat dump (2), heat dump (2) wall inner side is provided with boiling tube, and quartz glass forms (1), heat dump (2) are provided with the sunshine import of heat dump (2) The wall inner side at top is provided with bellows (5), and the inside of heat dump (2) is filled with aerosol, and the side of heat dump (2) is provided with gas Colloidal sol import (3), opposite side is provided with aerosol outlet (4), is also associated with for keeping heat dump on the side wall of heat dump (2) (2) pressure compensation unit of internal pressure balance, described pressure compensation unit includes pressure-equalizing passageway, heat dump (2) Side wall is provided with air intake-exhaust mouthful, and one end of pressure-equalizing passageway is connected on air intake-exhaust mouthful, and the other end is connected with centrifugation wind Machine (11), safety valve (9), pressure gauge (7) are sequentially provided with and for preventing gas between centrifugal blower (11) and air intake-exhaust mouth The leakproof y-type filter (6) of colloidal sol leakage, is provided with the first intake valve (8), centrifugal blower between safety valve (9) and pressure gauge (7) (11) the second intake valve (10) is provided with and safety valve (9) between.
2. a kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density makeup according to claim 1 is put, it is characterised in that gas Colloidal sol import (3) is connected with aerosol feed pipe, and aerosol feed pipe is provided with inlet valve (14), aerosol outlet (4) Aerosol discharge pipe is connected with, aerosol discharge pipe is provided with outlet valve (13)；Aerosol outlet (4) and outlet valve (13) Between be provided with collection y-type filter (12) for collecting aerosol.
3. a kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density makeup according to claim 1 is put, it is characterised in that inhaled The particle random trajectory model of the aerosol of filling is 1 × 10 inside hot device (2)7-1×1016/m3, grain diameter is 0.08-50 μm.
4. a kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one：Quartz glass forms (1) is installed at the sunshine import of heat dump (2), the wall inner side of heat dump (2) sets There is boiling tube, the wall inner side at the top of heat dump (2) is additionally provided with bellows (5), and the side of heat dump (2) is provided with aerosol import (3), opposite side is provided with aerosol outlet (4), is also associated with the side wall of heat dump (2) for keeping pressure inside heat dump (2) The pressure compensation unit of dynamic balance, aerosol import (3) is connected with aerosol feed pipe, aerosol feed pipe be provided with into Material valve (14), aerosol outlet (4) is connected with aerosol discharge pipe, and aerosol discharge pipe is provided with outlet valve (13)；Gas Colloidal sol exports the collection y-type filter (12) being provided between (4) and outlet valve (13) for collecting aerosol；
Described pressure compensation unit includes pressure-equalizing passageway, and the side wall of heat dump (2) is provided with air intake-exhaust mouthful, and pressure is put down One end of weighing apparatus pipeline is connected on air intake-exhaust mouthful, and the other end is connected with centrifugal blower (11), and centrifugal blower (11) and air inlet are arranged Safety valve (9), pressure gauge (7) and the leakproof y-type filter (6) for preventing aerosol from revealing are sequentially provided between gas port, The first intake valve (8) is provided between safety valve (9) and pressure gauge (7), second is provided between centrifugal blower (11) and safety valve (9) Intake valve (10)；
Step 2：To filling aerosol in heat dump (2), sunshine is mutually absorbed, radiates or scatters by the particle in aerosol Uneven solar energy at import, then uniformly radiates or is reflected to heat dump (2) other walls, and then realize wall heat Current density is homogenized.
5. a kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that inhale The particle random trajectory model of the aerosol of filling is 1 × 10 inside hot device (2)7-1×1016/m3, grain diameter is 0.08-50 μm, gas Particle is mutually carbon particle in colloidal sol.
6. a kind of solar heat absorber wall heat flux even density method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that inhale Hot device (2) is square cavity, and the thickness of quartz glass forms (1) is 10mm.
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