CN105542724A - Microcapsule phase change particulate material doped with metal nano particles and preparation method of material - Google Patents
Microcapsule phase change particulate material doped with metal nano particles and preparation method of material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105542724A CN105542724A CN201610040217.4A CN201610040217A CN105542724A CN 105542724 A CN105542724 A CN 105542724A CN 201610040217 A CN201610040217 A CN 201610040217A CN 105542724 A CN105542724 A CN 105542724A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microcapsule phase change particulate material doped with metal nano particles. The microcapsule phase change particulate material consists of a shell material, a core material and the metal nano particles, wherein the shell material is arranged at the periphery of the core material; the metal nano particles are metals with the heat transfer coefficient within the range of 200-400 W/m/K and are arranged in the core material and the shell material; a wall material is a high molecular material with a melting point higher than the ambient temperature; the core material is a phase change material with the phase change temperature of 0-400 DEG C such as fatty hydrocarbon, paraffin, fatty acid or aliphatic ester. The invention further provides a preparation method of the microcapsule phase change particulate material doped with metal nano particles. According to the microcapsule phase change particulate material and the preparation method of the material, the shortcomings and the defects of the existing microcapsule phase change particulate material are overcome; the metal nano particles are doped in the preparation process of the microcapsule phase change particulate material, so that the density of the microcapsule phase change particulate material is increased, the heat transfer coefficient is increased, and the degree of supercooling is decreased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to chemical field, relate to a kind of microcapsule, specifically a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle and preparation method.
Background technology
Microencapsulated phase change material particle refers to and by Micro-Encapsulation Technique phase change material is encapsulated in densification and has the novel materials particle in certain elastic high molecular polymer shell, its particle diameter usually, within the scope of 1 – 1000 μm, has been reported and can accomplish less particle diameter.Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Suspension is then the suspension formed in monophasic fluid (as water, heat conduction wet goods) by the microencapsulated phase change material Granular composite prepared.
Method at present for the preparation of microencapsulated phase change material particle mainly contains situ aggregation method, interfacial polymerization and spray-drying process and other other derivative thus preparation method.
1, situ aggregation method.
Situ aggregation method is the inside or the outside that the monomer and initiator that form wall material are all scattered in PCMs emulsion droplet, at drop surface polymerization reaction take place, monomer is solvable in external phase, and the polymkeric substance of generation is soluble, covers drop Surface coating and forms microcapsule.Situ aggregation method is applied more when preparing microencapsulated phase change material particle, its key is how the polymkeric substance formed precipitates and be coated on the surface of core.
2, interfacial polymerization.
Interfacial polymerization is two kinds of different activities monomers containing two (many) functional groups, be dissolved in not miscible disperse phase and external phase respectively, core is dissolved in disperse phase solvent, two kinds of polymerization reaction monomers are respectively from the inner interface movement to emulsion droplet of two-phase, and on two-phase interface, carry out polycondensation rapidly, core is wrapped up, forms microcapsule.
3, spray-drying process.
Spray-drying process is a kind of physical method.Prepare microencapsulated phase change material particle by spray-drying process, first core material will be dispersed in wall material solution, then in high temperature gas flow, this mixed solution be atomized, the solvent of dissolving wall material is evaporated rapidly, thus makes wall material solidify and be coated on core.Spray-drying process is suitable for the micro encapsulation of lipophilicity liquid material, and the hydrophobicity of core is stronger, and embedding effect is better.
Microencapsulated phase change material particle has many good qualities in application:
(1) transformation temperature is suitable for, and can improve the comfort level of people in indoor life.
(2) heat release form be latent heat, storage power is high.
(3) recyclable waste heat, improves energy utilization rate.
(4) to make the ability of cold carrier of suspension stronger than water for microencapsulated phase change material particle.
Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Suspension has above-mentioned outstanding advantages, illustrates that it potentially becomes the energy, a kind of important heat-transfer medium of environmental area and heat-storing material.As heat-transfer medium, it can be applied to therrmodynamic system, cooling system and the interchanger such as aerospace, electronics, central air-conditioning, chemical industry, power plant, as heat-storing material it can be applied to the storage in the field such as central air-conditioning, Solar use cold/heat reservoir.Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Suspension has active effect to energy-conservation, reduction of discharging, expansion renewable energy utilization rate, economic construction, social development.
But, also there is certain defect in the microencapsulated phase change material particle applied in the market, makes it apply and be subject to certain restrictions, and these defects are as follows:
(1) the density ratio water due to existing microencapsulated phase change material particle is little, and be that base fluid easily layering occurs when being mixed with the material of suspension as energy storage material or enhancement of heat transfer with water, stability of solution is poor.
(2) because the raw materials of existing microencapsulated phase change material particle mostly is paraffin, organic polymer material etc., thermal conductivity is less, and less thermal conductivity also limit the application in enhancement of heat transfer.
(3) owing to solidifying (liquid becomes solid) temperature lower than melting (solid becomes liquid) temperature, be called cold.Research shows, the condensate depression of microencapsulated phase change material particle is very large, can reach 15-25 DEG C.Such as particle, 35 DEG C of meltings, just can solidify at 15 DEG C.Condensate depression large like this limits its range of application, can not use in a lot of occasion.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle and preparation method, described this metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle and preparation method solve Microencapsulated Phase Change Material Suspension physical stability difference (i.e. easy layering) of the prior art, thermal conductivity is low, condensate depression is large technical problem.
The invention provides a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle, be made up of shell material, core, metal nanoparticle, the periphery of described core is provided with shell material, described metal nanoparticle is the metal of thermal conductivity within 200-400W/m/K scope, described metal nanoparticle is arranged in core and shell material, described wall material is the macromolecular material of fusing point higher than envrionment temperature, and described core is transformation temperature at the phase change material of 0-400 DEG C.
Further, described metal nanoparticle is silver, copper or aluminium.
Further, described macromolecular material is selected from urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, urethane, polymethylmethacrylate or aromatic polyamide.
Further, described phase change material is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon, paraffin, lipid acid or fatty acid ester.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle, comprise the steps:
1) metal nanoparticle, wall material, core, emulsifying agent and distilled water is taken according to mass ratio, the quality of described distilled water is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material, the quality of described core is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material amount, the quality of described emulsifying agent is 1 ~ 5% of wall material amount, and the quality of described metal nanoparticle is 5 ~ 15% of microcapsule phase-change granular mass;
2) prepare the step of wall material solution for one, evenly being mixed by the metal nanoparticle of 80 ~ 90% in wall material and to join in a reaction vessel with distilled water, Hybrid Heating, Heating temperature is 50 ~ 80 DEG C, after 0.5 ~ 2 hour, is incubated for subsequent use;
3) step of a core emulsification, by core, emulsifying agent with remaining metal nano particle-dopedly join in second reaction vessel, ultrasonic emulsification disperses;
4) step that microcapsule are shaping, by 2) in solution constant temperature mechanical stirring 1 ~ 3 hour under the condition of 60 ~ 85 DEG C, adopt first kind PH conditioning agent to regulate pH value to be less than 7 simultaneously, constantly step 3 is dripped in the process stirred) core material solution that emulsification is good, adopt Equations of The Second Kind PH conditioning agent to regulate pH value to be greater than 7 after stirring;
5) step that the washing of microcapsule is dry, the step 4 by after stirred) solution naturally cooling, treat solids precipitation, filtering supernatant, filtering and washing carried out to precipitation, dry, obtain metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle.
Further, described first kind PH conditioning agent is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or citric acid.
Further, described Equations of The Second Kind PH conditioning agent is sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or ammoniacal liquor.
Further, described emulsifying agent is sodium lauryl sulphate.
Further, the determination of described metal nanoparticle doping: metal nanoparticle doping can according to during prepare suspension adopt the density calculation of base fluid to determine, as being base fluid with water, when preparing microencapsulated phase change material particle, metal nano particle-doped massfraction is
wherein, α is the massfraction of metal nano-particles; ρ is the microencapsulated phase change material pellet density of containing metal nanoparticle; ρ
1for the density of metal nanoparticle; ρ
2for the microencapsulated phase change material pellet density of not nanosize metal-containing particle.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of another metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle, comprise the steps:
4) metal nanoparticle, wall material, core, emulsifying agent and distilled water is taken according to mass ratio, the quality of described distilled water is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material, the quality of described core is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material amount, the quality of described emulsifying agent is 1 ~ 5% of wall material amount, and the quality of described metal nanoparticle is 1 ~ 5% of wall material amount;
5) by 1) in take material dispersion in a reservoir, ultrasonic disperse is even;
6) by 2) in solution be atomized in high temperature gas flow, the solvent of dissolving wall material is evaporated, thus wall material is solidified and is coated on core, obtain a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle.
A kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particulate production of the present invention also can realize in polymerization, interfacial polymerization, spray-drying process and other derivative thus microencapsulated phase change material preparation method of granules in position.As adopted spray-drying process, first core material and metal nanoparticle to be dispersed in wall material solution, then in high temperature gas flow, this mixed solution be atomized, the solvent of dissolving wall material be evaporated rapidly, thus makes wall material solidify and be coated on core.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1) density of microencapsulated phase change material particle of the present invention can by adding metal nanoparticle to change, and the density of existing microencapsulated phase change material particle is less, and the metal nanoparticle density of doping is relatively large.Determining add-on by calculating, the density of microencapsulated phase change material particle can be made identical with required base fluid density or close, thus suppress the layering in base fluid of microencapsulated phase change material particle, improve the physical stability of suspension.
(2) thermal conductivity of microencapsulated phase change material particle of the present invention can by adding metal nanoparticle to change, and the thermal conductivity of existing microencapsulated phase change material particle is less, and the 3rd class material thermal conductivity introduced is relatively large.Effectively can improve the thermal conductivity of microencapsulated phase change material particle, enhanced heat exchange.
(3) microencapsulated phase change material particle of the present invention is because there be adding of metal nanoparticle, and nanoparticle can be used as nucleator when core in microencapsulated phase change material particle solidifies (liquid becomes solid), thus reduces condensate depression.
The present invention compares with prior art, and its technical progress is significant.The invention solves deficiency and the defect of existing microencapsulated phase change material particle, metal nano particle-doped in microencapsulated phase change material particulate production, thus increase density, raising thermal conductivity, the reduction condensate depression of microencapsulated phase change material particle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle of the present invention, wherein, and 1, shell material; 2, core; 3, metal nanoparticle.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle of the present invention, be made up of shell material, core, metal nanoparticle, the periphery of described core is provided with shell material, described metal nanoparticle is arranged in core and shell material, and described wall material is the macromolecular material of the fusing points such as urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, urethane, polymethylmethacrylate or aromatic polyamide higher than envrionment temperature; The metallic substance that described metal nanoparticle adopts is the metal etc. that silver, copper, aluminium or other thermal conductivity are higher, and according to using density requirements, by calculating the addition determining metal nanoparticle, (massfraction is
described core is the transformation temperatures such as aliphatic hydrocarbon, paraffin, lipid acid or fatty acid ester at the phase change material of 0 ~ 400 DEG C.As taken melamine resin as shell material, paraffin is core, and metal nanoparticle adopts copper.Or with urea-formaldehyde resin shell material, paraffin is core, metal nanoparticle adopts silver etc.
Embodiment 1
1) metal nanoparticle copper, wall material melamine resin, core paraffin, emulsifier sodium lauryl sulfate and distilled water is taken according to mass ratio, the quality of described metal nanoparticle is 1 ~ 5% of wall material amount, the quality of described distilled water is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material, the quality of described core is 1-4 times of wall material amount, and the quality of described emulsifying agent is 1 ~ 5% of wall material amount;
2) prepare the step of wall material solution for one, evenly being mixed by the metal nanoparticle copper of 80 ~ 90% in wall material melamine resin and to join in a reaction vessel with distilled water, Hybrid Heating, Heating temperature is 50 ~ 80 DEG C, after 0.5 ~ 2 hour, is incubated for subsequent use;
3) step of a core emulsification, by core paraffin, emulsifier sodium lauryl sulfate with remaining metal nano particle-dopedly join in second reaction vessel, ultrasonic emulsification disperses;
4) step that microcapsule are shaping, by 2) in solution constant temperature mechanical stirring 1-3 hour under the condition of 60-85 DEG C, adopt first kind PH conditioning agent to regulate pH value to be less than 7 simultaneously, constantly step 3 is dripped in the process stirred) core material solution that emulsification is good, adopt Equations of The Second Kind PH conditioning agent to regulate pH value to be greater than 7 after stirring;
5) step that the washing of microcapsule is dry, the step 4 by after stirred) solution naturally cooling, treat solids precipitation, filtering supernatant, filtering and washing carried out to precipitation, dry, obtain metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle.
Further, the quality of described core is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material amount.
Further, described first kind PH conditioning agent is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or citric acid.
Further, described Equations of The Second Kind PH conditioning agent is sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or ammoniacal liquor.
Embodiment 2
1) metal nanoparticle copper, wall material melamine resin, core paraffin, emulsifier sodium lauryl sulfate and distilled water is taken according to mass ratio, the quality of described metal nanoparticle is 1 ~ 5% of wall material amount, the quality of described distilled water is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material, the quality of described core is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material amount, and the quality of described emulsifying agent is 1 ~ 5% of wall material amount;
2) by 1) in take material dispersion in a reservoir, ultrasonic disperse is even;
3) by 2) in solution be atomized in high temperature gas flow, the solvent of dissolving wall material is evaporated rapidly, thus makes wall material solidify and be coated on core.
Due to adding of metal nanoparticle, improve the density of microencapsulated phase change material particle, its density can be made to reach identical with required base fluid density or close.Due to adding of metal nanoparticle, improve the thermal conductivity of microencapsulated phase change material particle, the object strengthening heat exchange can be reached.Due to adding of metal nanoparticle, for solidifying of microencapsulated phase change material particle inner core material provides nucleator, make it start at a relatively high temperature to solidify, reduce condensate depression.
Claims (10)
1. a metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle, it is characterized in that: be made up of shell material, core, metal nanoparticle, the periphery of described core is provided with shell material, described metal nanoparticle is the metal of thermal conductivity within 200-400W/m/K scope, described metal nanoparticle is arranged in core and shell material, described wall material is the macromolecular material of fusing point higher than envrionment temperature, and described core is transformation temperature at the phase change material of 0-400 DEG C.
2. a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described metal nanoparticle is silver, copper or aluminium.
3. a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described macromolecular material is selected from urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, urethane, polymethylmethacrylate or aromatic polyamide.
4. a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described phase change material is selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon, paraffin, lipid acid or fatty acid ester.
5. the preparation method of a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) metal nanoparticle, wall material, core, emulsifying agent and distilled water is taken according to mass ratio, the quality of described distilled water is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material, the quality of described core is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material amount, the quality of described emulsifying agent is 1 ~ 5% of wall material amount, and the quality of described metal nanoparticle is 5 ~ 15% of microcapsule phase-change granular mass;
2) prepare the step of wall material solution for one, evenly being mixed by the metal nanoparticle of 80 ~ 90% in wall material and to join in a reaction vessel with distilled water, Hybrid Heating, Heating temperature is 50 ~ 80 DEG C, after 0.5 ~ 2 hour, is incubated for subsequent use;
3) step of a core emulsification, by core, emulsifying agent with remaining metal nano particle-dopedly join in second reaction vessel, ultrasonic emulsification disperses;
4) step that microcapsule are shaping, by 2) in solution constant temperature mechanical stirring 1 ~ 3 hour under the condition of 60 ~ 85 DEG C, adopt first kind PH conditioning agent to regulate pH value to be less than 7 simultaneously, constantly step 3 is dripped in the process stirred) core material solution that emulsification is good, adopt Equations of The Second Kind PH conditioning agent to regulate pH value to be greater than 7 after stirring;
5) step that the washing of microcapsule is dry, the step 4 by after stirred) solution naturally cooling, treat solids precipitation, filtering supernatant, filtering and washing carried out to precipitation, dry, obtain metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle.
6. the preparation method of a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described first kind PH conditioning agent is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or citric acid.
7. the preparation method of a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described Equations of The Second Kind PH conditioning agent is sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or ammoniacal liquor.
8. the preparation method of a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described emulsifying agent is sodium lauryl sulphate.
9. the preparation method of a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: metal nanoparticle doping according to during prepare suspension adopt the density calculation of base fluid to determine, described base fluid is water, and when preparing microencapsulated phase change material particle, metal nano particle-doped massfraction is
wherein, α is the massfraction of metal nano-particles; ρ is the microencapsulated phase change material pellet density of containing metal nanoparticle; ρ
1for the density of metal nanoparticle; ρ
2for the microencapsulated phase change material pellet density of not nanosize metal-containing particle.
10. a preparation method for metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) metal nanoparticle, wall material, core, emulsifying agent and distilled water is taken according to mass ratio, the quality of described distilled water is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material, the quality of described core is 1 ~ 4 times of wall material amount, the quality of described emulsifying agent is 1 ~ 5% of wall material amount, and the quality of described metal nanoparticle is 1 ~ 5% of wall material amount;
2) by 1) in take material dispersion in a reservoir, ultrasonic disperse is even;
3) by 2) in solution be atomized in high temperature gas flow, the solvent of dissolving wall material is evaporated, thus wall material is solidified and is coated on core, obtain a kind of metal nano particle-doped microencapsulated phase change material particle.
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| CN106753261A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-31 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of microencapsulated phase change material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106957635A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-18 | 上海电力学院 | The microcapsule phase-change particle and preparation method of composite Nano copper and nano-graphene piece |
| CN106978146A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-25 | 上海电力学院 | The microcapsule phase-change particle and preparation method of composite Nano copper and graphene quantum dot |
| CN106978145A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-25 | 上海电力学院 | The microcapsule phase-change particle and preparation method of composite Nano aluminium and CNT |
| CN106978147A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-25 | 上海电力学院 | The microcapsule phase-change particle and preparation method of composite Nano copper and high-melting-point phase-change material |
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| CN106978146A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-25 | 上海电力学院 | The microcapsule phase-change particle and preparation method of composite Nano copper and graphene quantum dot |
| CN106978145A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-25 | 上海电力学院 | The microcapsule phase-change particle and preparation method of composite Nano aluminium and CNT |
| CN106978147A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-25 | 上海电力学院 | The microcapsule phase-change particle and preparation method of composite Nano copper and high-melting-point phase-change material |
| CN111909663A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-10 | 广东工业大学 | Dual-temperature-zone phase-change material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114789028A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-07-26 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Microencapsulated transition metal ion capture agent, preparation method and diaphragm |
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