CN105532756A - 一种治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种昆虫药物，具体为一种治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药。一种治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，选取烟叶90-110g、风气草30-50g、艾叶40-50g、田旋花30-40g、铁包金30-40g、桃金娘50-70g、蒲公英10-20g、秦皮40-50g、香椿子10-20g、斑鸠木8-12g、紫菀60-80g、鼠李30-40g。本发明所述的药物利用了我国传统中草药的精华，通过将若干组分进行合理配比，可以获得一种性质优良的杀螨虫药剂，而且对蜜蜂没有任何副作用，并且没有抗生素残留，产出的蜂蜜品质变高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种昆虫药物，具体为一种治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药。
背景技术
蜜蜂的体外寄生螨，一生均在蜂巢房内繁殖。在未封盖的幼虫房中产卵，繁殖于封盖幼虫房，寄生于幼虫、蛹及成蜂体，吸取血淋巴，造成蜜蜂寿命缩短，采集力下降，影响蜂产品产量。受害严重的蜂群出现幼虫和蛹大量死亡。新羽化出房的幼蜂残缺不全，幼蜂到处乱爬，蜂群群势迅速削弱。
受大蜂螨危害严重的蜂群，在蜂箱前可见到许多蜂体变形的幼蜂，翅不能伸展或残缺，工蜂体型变小，雄蜂的性功能降低，蜂王寿命缩短。幼虫在产生眼睛色素时如被2～3只大蜂螨寄生，体重将减少15～20%，大蜂螨吸食蜜蜂体液，可使蜜蜂每2小时减轻体重0．1～0．2%，飞行能力也降低。如在幼蜂羽化后l～10天寄生大蜂螨，蜜蜂的寿命减短50%。蜜蜂被大蜂螨寄生后，经常扭动身体，企图摆脱，结果造成蜜蜂精疲力尽，虚脱死亡。正在发育的蜂群，因蜂螨的寄生，蜂群群势减弱。受害严重的蜂群，各龄期的幼虫或蛹出现死亡。巢房封盖不规则，死亡的幼虫，无一定形状，幼虫腐烂；但不粘巢房，易清除。死蛹头部伸出，幼蜂不能羽化出房。也可在工蜂、雄蜂幼虫及蛹体上见到寄生的大蜂螨。若在秋季繁殖适龄越冬蜂时期之前不及时治螨，蜂群就不能安全越冬，造成严重损失。
传统的防治方法，药物治螨，防治蜂螨的药物主要有触杀剂（如杀螨1号、速杀螨、敌螨1号等）和熏烟剂（纸片2号烟剂、敌螨熏烟剂等）、熏蒸剂（螨扑、升华硫磺、甲酸等）。此种药物一般为化学杀灭剂，使用方便，成本低。但是带来一个问题是产生的蜂蜜药物残留明显，对于出口的食品级蜂蜜而言，绝对不允许出现杀虫剂或杀菌剂等残留成分。
年欧盟以氯霉素含量超标为由，终止从中国进口蜂蜜。虽然2005年初恢复了中国对欧盟国家的出口，但欧盟成员国对中国蜂蜜存在排斥心理，在欧洲，受氯霉素事件影响，中国蜂蜜成为“禁用抗生素”代名词，德国超市订单中很多大型超市明确表示，不允许中国蜂蜜或含有中国蜂蜜的混合蜂蜜上架。
因此，加强对蜜蜂病害的研究，控制对药物的使用对蜂产品的质量安全具有重要的意义。我们急需研制一种无污染，无残留的先进药物。
发明内容
本发明为了治疗蜜蜂螨虫寄生疾病，提供了一种治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药。
本发明的技术方案是，一种治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，选取烟叶90-110g、风气草30-50g、艾叶40-50g、田旋花30-40g、铁包金30-40g、桃金娘50-70g、蒲公英10-20g、秦皮40-50g、香椿子10-20g、斑鸠木8-12g、紫菀60-80g、鼠李30-40g。
将上述药物混合后，制成水提取物，作为蜂箱喷雾剂使用。
本发明所述的药物利用了我国传统中草药的精华，通过将若干组分进行合理配比，可以获得一种性质优良的杀螨虫药剂，而且对蜜蜂没有任何副作用，并且没有抗生素残留，产出的蜂蜜品质变高。
养蜂户使用治疗效果验证如下：
2012-2014年，一共养殖蜜蜂100箱，其中15箱检测出有螨虫病。
诊断方法，根据巢门前死蜂情况和巢脾上幼虫及蜂蛹死亡状态判断。若在巢门前发现许多翅、足残缺的幼蜂爬行，并有死蜂蛹被工蜂拖出等情况，在巢脾上出现死亡变黑的幼虫和蜂蛹，并在蛹体上见到大蜂螨附着，即可确定为大蜂螨危害。
峰螨检查，从蜂群中提取带蜂子脾，随机取样抓取50～100只工蜂，检查其胸部和腹部节间处是否有蜂螨寄生，根据蜂螨数与检查蜂数之比，计算寄生率。用镊子挑开封盖巢房50个，用扩大镜仔细检查蜂体上及巢房内是否有蜂螨，根据检查的蜂数和蜂螨的数量，计算寄生率。
首先发现15个蜂箱出现大量死蜂现象，在巢门前发现许多翅、足残缺的幼蜂爬行。然后对蜜蜂个体检查，选取100只，寄生螨虫的蜂数占35%，需要立即治疗。
治疗措施：
治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，选取烟叶100g、风气草40g、艾叶45g、田旋花35g、铁包金35g、桃金娘60g、蒲公英15g、秦皮45g、香椿子15g、斑鸠木10g、紫菀70g、鼠李35g。
上述药物混合后，加10倍质量的水，在60-80摄氏度的条件下，煎煮12小时，得到水提取液。
将水提取液加纯净水稀释100倍得到喷雾药液。
治疗组，取蜂箱8只，然后使用雾气发生器，对封箱进行喷雾处理，每箱使用10克药液即可。每天喷雾一次，连续处理五天，然后再选取100蜜蜂进行观察。
对照组，取剩下的7只封箱，使用甲酸烟熏剂，熏蒸，无蜂状态下使用。临用前将甲酸和乙醇按照10毫升:30毫升比例混合，在22℃以上气温下，密闭熏蒸1～2小时。连续处理5天。
经过观察，治疗组的螨虫发病个体全部消失，蜜蜂无明显中毒反应，有效率100%。对照组，螨虫感染率降低到3只，有效率95%以上。
而且通过对蜂蜜和其他蜂产品进行检测，未发现抗生素残留。由此可见，本药物是一种安全的蜂药物。
具体实施方式
实施例1、治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，选取烟叶90-110g、风气草30-50g、艾叶40-50g、田旋花30-40g、铁包金30-40g、桃金娘50-70g、蒲公英10-20g、秦皮40-50g、香椿子10-20g、斑鸠木8-12g、紫菀60-80g、鼠李30-40g。
实施例2、治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，选取烟叶90-110g、风气草30-50g、艾叶40-50g、田旋花30-40g、铁包金30-40g、桃金娘50-70g、蒲公英10-20g、秦皮40-50g、香椿子10-20g、斑鸠木8-12g、紫菀60-80g、鼠李30-40g。
实施例3、治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，选取烟叶100g、风气草40g、艾叶45g、田旋花35g、铁包金35g、桃金娘60g、蒲公英15g、秦皮45g、香椿子15g、斑鸠木10g、紫菀70g、鼠李35g。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，其特征是选取烟叶90-110g、风气草30-50g、艾叶40-50g、田旋花30-40g、铁包金30-40g、桃金娘50-70g、蒲公英10-20g、秦皮40-50g、香椿子10-20g、斑鸠木8-12g、紫菀60-80g、鼠李30-40g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，其特征是将上述药物混合后，制成水提取物，作为蜂箱喷雾剂使用。
3.治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，其特征是治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，选取烟叶100g、风气草40g、艾叶45g、田旋花35g、铁包金35g、桃金娘60g、蒲公英15g、秦皮45g、香椿子15g、斑鸠木10g、紫菀70g、鼠李35g。
4.根据权利要求2所述的治疗寄生螨虫的蜂药，其特征是，兑水10倍，在60-80摄氏度的条件下，煎煮12小时，得到水提取液，将水提取液加纯净水稀释100倍得到喷雾药液。
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| CN107279190A (zh) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-10-24 | 四川彭山汪氏动物保健有限责任公司 | 芫花及芫花素防治蜜蜂小蜂螨的应用 |
| CN109221297A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-18 | 大新县科学技术情报研究所 | 一种番茄专用生物杀虫剂 |
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| CN101874509A (zh) * | 2010-04-16 | 2010-11-03 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | 熏烟型杀螨剂 |
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| CN107279190B (zh) * | 2017-07-17 | 2020-05-08 | 四川彭山汪氏动物保健有限责任公司 | 芫花及芫花素防治蜜蜂小蜂螨的应用 |
| CN109221297A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-18 | 大新县科学技术情报研究所 | 一种番茄专用生物杀虫剂 |
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| CN105532756B (zh) | 2018-11-27 |
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