CN105532568B - 一种提高断奶仔猪生长性能的方法 - Google Patents
一种提高断奶仔猪生长性能的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高断奶仔猪生长性能的方法。本发明提供了一种缬氨酸在提高断奶仔猪的生长性能中的应用。所述应用具体可为如下应用a或应用b:所述应用a为:提高断奶仔猪的采食量;所述应用b为:提高断奶仔猪餐后血浆氨基酸的含量。所述应用具体可包括如下步骤:将所述缬氨酸加入到所述断奶仔猪的日粮中。所述缬氨酸与所述断奶仔猪日粮中赖氨酸的用量比为0.65‑0.85:1,具体为0.65:1。日粮添加Val能够显著提高断奶仔猪的采食量,进而提高生长性能,这可能与日粮中Val水平影响断奶仔猪餐后血浆Val水平来调控采食量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业领域,涉及一种提高断奶仔猪生长性能的方法。
背景技术
缬氨酸(Val)属于必需氨基酸的一种,同时也属于支链氨基酸(BCAA)。在日粮蛋白质水平降低的情况下,Val是猪日粮中的位于赖氨酸(Lys)、蛋氨酸(Met)、苏氨酸(Thr)和色氨酸(Trp)之后的第五限制性氨基酸。已有研究发现在缺乏Val的低蛋白日粮中,动物的第一反应是降低采食量,进而导致生长速度的降低(Gloaguen等,2011)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提高断奶仔猪生长性能的方法。
本发明提供了一种缬氨酸在提高断奶仔猪的生长性能中的应用。
所述应用具体可为如下应用a或应用b:
所述应用a为:提高断奶仔猪的采食量;
所述应用b为:提高断奶仔猪餐后血浆氨基酸的含量。
所述应用具体可包括如下步骤:
将所述缬氨酸加入到所述断奶仔猪的日粮中。
所述缬氨酸与所述断奶仔猪日粮中赖氨酸的用量比为0.65-0.85:1,具体为0.65。
本发明提供的提高断奶仔猪生长性能的方法,包括如下步骤:向所述断奶仔猪的日粮中添加缬氨酸。
上述方法中,所述提高断奶仔猪生长性能具体为如下1)或2):
1)提高断奶仔猪的采食量;
2)提高断奶仔猪餐后血浆氨基酸的含量。
所述缬氨酸与所述断奶仔猪日粮中赖氨酸的用量比为0.65-0.85:1,具体为0.65。
8、根据权利要求3-4任一所述的应用或权利要求5-7任一所述的方法,其特征在于:所述日粮的配方如下所示:
所述预混料的组成满足具体可满足如下条件:所述预混料为每千克日粮提供:维生素A,9,000IU;维生素D3,3,000IU;维生素E,64IU;维生素K3,3mg;维生素B12,12μg;核黄素,5.5mg;泛酸,15mg;烟酸,40mg;氯化胆碱,551mg;叶酸,0.8mg;维生素B1,1.5mg;维生素B6,3mg;生物素,100μg;锰,40mg;铁,100mg;锌,100mg;铜,150mg;碘,0.3mg;硒,0.3mg。
本发明人研究发现降低日粮粗蛋白水平,同时补充3种BCAA(缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸)能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能。本发明通过两个试验探讨日粮补充合成缬氨酸(Val)对断奶仔猪采食量的影响。结果表明,日粮SID Val:Lys为0.65和0.85时断奶仔猪的采食量、日增重和饲料转化效率显著高于(P<0.05)日粮SID Val:Lys为0.45时;随着日粮中SID Val:Lys比例的提高,断奶仔猪采食量、日增重和饲料转化效率线性(P<0.01)和二次提高(P<0.05);血浆中缬氨酸的水平随日粮中SID Val:Lys提高线性增加(P<0.01),血浆中其他必需氨基酸蛋氨酸和苏氨酸随日粮中SID Val:Lys比例的提高二次变化(P<0.01),对血浆中非必需氨基酸而言,天冬酰胺(线性和二次,P<0.05)、甘氨酸(二次,P<0.05)和谷氨酰胺(线性和二次,P<0.05)随日粮中SID Val:Lys水平的提高显著变化。餐后1h、2h、3h和4h,断奶仔猪采食日粮SID Val:Lys为0.65和0.85时血浆Val水平显著高于(P<0.05)采食日粮SID Val:Lys为0.45时。除餐后3h,日粮SID Val:Lys为0.65时对断奶仔猪血浆Val水平的影响与0.85时差异不显著。总之,日粮添加Val能够显著提高断奶仔猪的采食量,进而提高生长性能,这可能与日粮中Val水平影响断奶仔猪餐后血浆Val水平来调控采食量。
附图说明
图1为日粮添加Val对断奶仔猪餐后血浆Val水平的影响;注:ab同一时间点字母肩标不同差异显著。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径获得。
实施例1
1材料方法
1.1试验设计和日粮
试验一选用18头初始体重为18.9±2.3kg的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪(公母各半),按照体重和性别随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复。试验日粮粗蛋白水平为16.9%,SID Lys的水平设置为1.15%(第二限制性),SID Val:Lys分别为0.45,0.65和0.85(表1),该试验日粮中除缬氨酸外,其他组分含量均按照NRC(2012)饲养标准配置。日粮SIDMet、Thr、Trp、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和组氨酸满足或超过NRC(2012)推荐量。自由采食和饮水,试验期14d。
试验二6头初始体重为15.7±0.8kg杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪(公母各半),按照体重和性别随机分为3个处理,每个处理2个重复。试验日粮同试验一。试验猪进行前腔静脉血插管手术。
1.2饲养管理
试验在中国农业大学农业部饲料效价和安全监督检验测试中心(北京)猪代谢室进行。断奶仔猪被分别放入不锈钢代谢笼中(1.4×0.45×0.6m3)中单笼饲养,舍温控制在22~26℃。每日饲喂后对圈舍进行冲洗和清扫,保持猪舍环境干净卫生。
1.3检测指标和方法
1.3.1原料和日粮成分
粗蛋白质按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 6432-1994方法进行测定。
含硫氨基酸的测定按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 15399-94方法进行,样品在0℃下过甲酸氧化16h后,再经HCl水解24h后使用氨基酸自动分析仪(日立L-8800,日立集团,日本)进行测定;15种氨基酸的测定按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T18246-2000方法进行,样品在110℃下6mol/L HCl水解24h后使用氨基酸自动分析仪(日立L-8900,日立集团,日本)进行测定;色氨酸的测定按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 18246-2000附录A的方法进行,样品在110℃下4mol/L氢氧化钠水解22h后,使用高效液相色谱仪(安捷伦1200型,安捷伦科技有限公司,美国)进行测定。
1.3.2生长性能
试验一分别于试验开始和结束时早晨空腹个体称重,以个体重复为单位记录耗料量,计算平均日增重、平均日采食量和耗料增重比。
1.3.3血液指标
试验一于试验结束第15d早上前腔静脉采血。试验二猪手术后适应一周,采血之前空腹一晚,于早上7:50空腹采血后给猪饲喂12g/kg代谢体重(BW0.75)的试验日粮,以确保饲料在10min之内被猪采食完全,于早上8:00在4h内连续采血6次,第1h每隔20min采血一次,后3h每隔1h采血一次。按照上述流程每隔2d采血一个流程,总共采3个流程。
用肝素钠抗凝真空采血管从前腔静脉采血5mL,于室温下放置1h,3500r/min离心10min(HeraeusBiofuge 22R Centrifuge,Hanau,Germany),分离血浆,置于-80℃冷冻保存。血浆尿素氮采用试剂盒(南京建成生物科技有限公司,中国)方法测定。
血浆氨基酸分析采用经典的茚三酮柱后衍生法原理应用氨基酸分析仪进行测定(S-433D Amino Acid Analyzer,Sykam,Germany)。取0.5mL血浆于离心试管中,加入1.5mL磺基水杨酸(4%),充分振荡摇匀后,冰浴20min。加入氢氧化锂后,充分震荡摇匀,吸取2mL置于专用离心管中,配平后于4℃下11,000x g离心30min,取上清液经滤膜过滤后,通过锂离子交换色谱柱与茚三酮130℃下进行衍生反应,测定血浆游离氨基酸浓度。
1.4统计分析
试验一数据采用SAS统计软件Proc Mixed模型进行方差分析,日粮处理为固定效应,猪为随机效应,以各试验猪为统计单位,采用SNK进行多重比较,应用Contrast语序进行线性和二次回归分析。
试验二数据采用SAS统计软件Proc Mixed模型Repeated measures进行统计分析,模型包括日粮、采血时间以及它们之间的互作。
2结果
2.1试验一
2.1.1生长性能
日粮SID Val:Lys为0.65和0.85时断奶仔猪的采食量、日增重和饲料转化效率显著高于(P<0.05)日粮SID Val:Lys为0.45时;随着日粮中SID Val:Lys比例的提高,断奶仔猪采食量、日增重和饲料转化效率线性(P<0.01)和二次提高(P<0.05)(表2)。
2.1.2血浆尿素氮和氨基酸
日粮SIDVal:Lys为0.65和0.85时仔猪的血浆尿素氮水平显著低于(P<0.05)日粮SID Val:Lys为0.45时;随着日粮中SID Val:Lys比例的提高,血浆尿素氮线性降低(P<0.05)(表2)。
血浆中Val的水平随日粮中SID Val:Lys提高线性增加(P<0.01),血浆中其他必需氨基酸Met和Thr随日粮中SID Val:Lys比例的提高二次变化(P<0.01),对血浆中非必需氨基酸而言,天冬酰胺(线性和二次,P<0.05)、甘氨酸(二次,P<0.05)和谷氨酰胺(线性和二次,P<0.05)随日粮中SID Val:Lys水平的提高显著变化(表3)。
2.2试验二
餐后1h、2h、3h和4h,断奶仔猪采食日粮SID Val:Lys为0.65和0.85时血浆Val水平显著高于(P<0.05)采食日粮SID Val:Lys为0.45时。除餐后3h,日粮SID Val:Lys为0.65时对断奶仔猪血浆Val水平的影响与0.85时差异不显著(图1)。
表1日粮原料和化学组成(饲喂基础,wt%)
1预混料为每千克日粮提供:维生素A,9,000IU;维生素D3,3,000IU;维生素E,64IU;维生素K3,3mg;维生素B12,12μg;核黄素,5.5mg;泛酸,15mg;烟酸,40mg;氯化胆碱,551mg;叶酸,0.8mg;维生素B1,1.5mg;维生素B6,3mg;生物素,100μg;锰,40mg;铁,100mg;锌,100mg;铜,150mg;碘,0.3mg;硒,0.3mg
表2日粮添加Val对断奶仔猪生长性能和血浆尿素氮的影响(试验一)
ab同行之母肩标不同表示差异显著(P<0.05)
表3日粮添加Val对断奶仔猪血浆氨基酸含量的影响
ab同行之母肩标不同表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Claims (2)
1.缬氨酸在提高断奶仔猪的生长性能中的应用,所述应用包括如下步骤:
将所述缬氨酸加入到所述断奶仔猪的日粮中;
所述断奶仔猪日粮配比如下所示:
所述预混料的组成满足如下条件:所述预混料为每千克日粮提供:维生素A,9,000IU;维生素D3,3,000IU;维生素E,64IU;维生素K3,3mg;维生素B12,12μg;核黄素,5.5mg;泛酸,15mg;烟酸,40mg;氯化胆碱,551mg;叶酸,0.8mg;维生素B1,1.5mg;维生素B6,3mg;生物素,100μg;锰,40mg;铁,100mg;锌,100mg;铜,150mg;碘,0.3mg;硒,0.3mg。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述应用为如下应用a或应用b:
所述应用a为:提高断奶仔猪的采食量;
所述应用b为:提高断奶仔猪餐后血浆氨基酸的含量。
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