CN105529975B - Single-phase self-excitation wind generator system - Google Patents

Single-phase self-excitation wind generator system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105529975B
CN105529975B CN201610083301.4A CN201610083301A CN105529975B CN 105529975 B CN105529975 B CN 105529975B CN 201610083301 A CN201610083301 A CN 201610083301A CN 105529975 B CN105529975 B CN 105529975B
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voltage
excitation
adjustable
generator
phase
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CN105529975A (en
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褚晓广
蔡彬
王乃哲
郭登鹏
李向东
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Qufu Normal University
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Qufu Normal University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/42—Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/44—Structural association with exciting machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of single-phase self-excitation wind generator system.Wherein, the adjustable single-phase self-excited dynamo of excitation is collectively formed by three phase squirrel cage motor, fixed excitation electric capacity and adjustable excited electric capacity；Adjustable excited electric capacity is formed by fixing capacitance and adjustable capacitance two parts, and capacitance adjustment is regulated and controled to realize by IGBT dutycycles；AC load is in parallel with two-way PWM converter, and with generator unit stator winding coupled；Two way convertor and battery form the adjustment mechanism of generator voltage frequency, and in adjustable excited capacitance voltage control saturation by limited time, Collaborative Control generator port voltage, using single-phase voltage and Current Decoupling strategy based on 90 degree of phase shifts, thereby complete active and reactive current and refer to Tracking Control Strategy, watt current refers to be realized by frequency setting PI tracking control units, and reactive current refers to be set by voltage magnitude PI tracking control units, and its value is that PI control outputs exceed saturation characterizing portion.

Description

Single-phase self-excitation wind generator system
Technical field
It is especially a kind of to be applied to remote districts and without electric energy the present invention relates to a kind of single-phase self-excitation wind generator system Supply the single-phase self-excitation wind generator system of independent operating on island.
Background technology
With being on the rise for energy crisis and environmental pollution, regenerative resource research obtains scientific research personnel's extensive concern, Especially the power network such as remote mountain areas and island can not touch region, and electric energy supply problem seriously restricts local resident and the people that guards the frontier The raising of member's quality of life.The small wind of independent operating is the effective means that solves the above problems, and what is be widely used at present is small-sized Wind-powered electricity generation is single-phase self-excitation wind generator system, and it is typically converted by threephase asynchronous, has compact-sized, maintenance side Just, cost is cheap and the advantages that self fault-tolerant ability is strong.Threephase asynchronous typically reduces 20%-25% power grades can Used as single-phase self-excited dynamo, and engine health operation must provide sufficient excitation, and rotor speed is exceeded air gap Rotate magnetic linkage.In addition, the greatest drawback of self-excitation wind-powered electricity generation is that voltage regulation capability is poor, port voltage is by generator speed, excitation The influence such as electric capacity and load current is easy to fluctuate.Therefore, based on the compensation of " C-2C " asymmetry excitation and segmented additional issue Two kinds of compensation policies of shunt capacitance can solve voltage pulsation, but can not realize the voltage soft readjustment under the fluctuation of load；Based on non- The control strategy that controlled rectification adds off-load to regulate and control can be based on load and generator power, real-time matching generated output power, Ensure voltage stabilization, but non-controllable rectification produces harmonic wave interference, and influence is all brought on generator and load power supply quality；It is based on Double PWM converter control methods back-to-back, can be achieved voltage and frequency accurately controls, but cost is of a relatively high；In addition, wind energy is certainly Body is intermittent and fluctuation makes generator output voltage, frequency and power output random fluctuation, can not ensure load supplying matter Amount, further increase self-excitation electricity generation system control difficulty.
The content of the invention
The present invention be directed to insufficient present in above-mentioned technology, there is provided a kind of single-phase self-excitation wind generator system.
The present invention is noteworthy characterized by：Repacked into by three phase squirrel cage motor, fixed excitation electric capacity and adjustable excited electric capacity The adjustable self-excitation single-phase generator of excitation, and under two-way PWM converter and the Collaborative Control of battery, by fluctuation and The wind energy transformation of having a rest property is the single-phase alternating current of constant frequency and constant voltage.The star-like connection of three phase squirrel cage motor stator winding, generator two Winding is connected with fixed excitation electric capacity both ends respectively, and another winding is then connected with adjustable excited electric capacity one end；Adjustable excited electric capacity By fixed capacitance, capacitance is adjustable, and two parts form, and fixed capacitance is used to ensure that interconnected cage motor three-phase symmetrical is run, and capacitance can Part is adjusted to be used to ensure generator port voltage constant；Two way convertor and battery collectively form generator port voltage and frequency Rate adjustment mechanism, two way convertor combine the voltage and current detection of battery port, in real time adjustment in real time according to outer work condition Working condition and compensation or consumption size of current, and under the Collaborative Control of adjustable excited electric capacity, to generator port voltage Real-time monitoring.When wind-force abundance, two way convertor operates in rectification mode, and to ensure that electric voltage frequency is constant for target, disappears Receive and unnecessary electric energy and be stored in battery；When wind-force deficiency, two way convertor operates in inverter mode, and to ensure load electricity Pressure frequency-invariant is target compensation vacancy power；When calm, two way convertor will be with constant frequency/constant voltage mode inversion output to close Key load provides electric energy；When batteries to store energy reaches lower limit, wind-driven generator will operate in variable-frequency variable-voltage state, and to catch It is target to obtain maximal wind-energy, and adjustment rotation speed of fan charges for battery.
Alternating voltage and current sensor are set on rear side of the self-excitation wind-driven generator, and by digital signal processor Analog-digital converter collection embedded DSP28035 and filtering process, thereby carry out the maximum capture of wind energy；In combination with software phlase locking Loop technique obtains port voltage frequency in real time.
The adjustable excited electric capacity changes IGBT in real time according to generator port voltage（Insulated gate gate transistors）Duty Than, change generator port capacitive reactance, adjusted with reference to two way convertor reactive power, it is common to complete generator port voltage stabilization. Wherein reactive power adjustment only after it controls saturation, just starts two way convertor mainly based on adjustable excited electric capacity Idle adjustment function, otherwise reactive current be arranged to 0, reversible transducer is adjusted electric voltage frequency to greatest extent.
Excitation supply mode, constant frequency rectification energy storage mode, constant frequency compensator inverter mode, constant frequency be present in the two way convertor Five states such as constant pressure inversion mode and variable-frequency variable-voltage Wind energy extraction mode, effectively solve self-excited dynamo startup and build pressure, electricity The problems such as pressure amplitude value and frequency fluctuation and wind energy fluctuation, influences on load power supply quality.
The two way convertor need to set current sensor, and input and output inductive current is detected；Set voltage and Current sensor is detected to battery tension and electric current, and real-time judge battery condition is simultaneously thereby carried out to charging and discharging currents Amplitude limit, while thereby change two way convertor working condition.
Advantages of the present invention：
1）Single-phase self-excitation sensing is collectively formed using three phase squirrel cage motor, fixed excitation electric capacity and adjustable excited electric capacity Generator, there is operational reliability height, easy care, cheap, be especially suitable for remote districts.
2）AC load is connected with single-phase self-excitation influence generator stator winding, eliminates traditional structure rectifier and inversion Device, though two-way PWM converter in parallel is controlled to voltage and frequency, power grade is greatly reduced, greatly reduce equipment into Sheet and maintenance cost, improve electricity generation system practicality.
3）The single-phase self-excited dynamo port voltage and frequency being made up of adjustable excited electric capacity and two-way PWM converter Controlling mechanism, efficiently solves self-excited dynamo port voltage and frequency is difficult to effective control problem；Adjustable excited capacitance structure Load both sides capacitive reactance flexible can be adjusted, generator is built an adaptive excitation system, the system can take into full account generator The problems such as symmetrical operation and constant load voltage.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is single-phase self-excitation wind generator system structure chart.
Fig. 2 is single-phase self-excitation wind generator system control strategy flow chart.
Fig. 3 is single-phase self-excitation wind generator system control structure figure.
Embodiment
1）Single-phase self-excitation wind generator system（Such as Fig. 1）Including wind turbine machine（1）, gearbox（2）, star-like connection mouse Cage motor, fixed excitation electric capacity（11、12）, adjustable excited electric capacity（5）, two-way PWM converter（8）, battery（10）, it is single Intersecting current load（9）、SW1（6）、SW2（15）Deng composition.Wherein adjustable excited electric capacity is made up of two shunt capacitances, wherein one Road electric capacity is controlled by IGBT, by Q5Dutycycle adjustment is realized, is mainly used in generator reactive power compensation；SW1 and SW2 is two friendships Contactor is flowed, when wind speed is more than threshold wind velocity, SW1 closures, SW2 disconnect, and blower fan starts；And when calm, SW1 disconnects, SW2 Closure, the independent inversion of battery is load supplying；Two way convertor can be operated in rectification or inverter mode, be mainly used in control hair Motor port voltage Vpcc frequency-invariants, while also when adjustable excited capacitance voltage controls saturation, auxiliary completes generator end Mouth voltage control.
2）Single-phase self-excitation wind generator system can run excitation supply mode, constant frequency rectification energy storage mode, constant frequency inversion benefit Repay five states such as mode, constant frequency and constant voltage inversion mode and variable-frequency variable-voltage Wind energy extraction mode（Such as Fig. 2）.Wherein, excitation supplies Mode starts for self-excitation wind-driven generator, and two way convertor small-power inversion output is charged for electric capacity, is provided and is encouraged for generator Magnetic, promote the flexible quick startup of blower fan, by generator port voltage increase to rated voltage；Constant frequency rectification energy storage mode, works as wind Force generating system starts under the supply of extraneous excitation, and blower fan capture power is more than bearing power, and now two way convertor is with electricity Pressure frequency-invariant is target, and control blower fan surplus power, which is stored to battery, two way convertor, is operated in rectification state；Constant frequency is inverse Become compensation mode, when blower fan capture power is less than bearing power, two way convertor will be constant for target with electric voltage frequency, for exchange Load compensation difference power, two way convertor is operated in inverter mode, and detects battery port voltage in real time, works as accumulator terminal When mouth voltage reaches battery tension lower limit, wind power system will operate in variable-frequency variable-voltage Wind energy extraction mode, now with maximum limit Degree capture wind energy and accumulators store energy are main target, and soft readjustment generator speed obtains peak power；Constant frequency and constant voltage Inversion mode, when wind speed is less than threshold wind velocity, two way convertor operates in constant voltage constant frequency inverter mode, to ensure load supplying Demand.
3）The control structure of single-phase self-excitation wind generator system port voltage and frequency is as shown in Figure 3.Generator port electricity Vpcc is pressed first by 90 ° of orthogonal phase shifts of phase shifter, and is obtained based on the decoupling of d-q rotating coordinate systemsU dWithU q, whereinU d=Vpcc；U q =2πf∫Vpcc dt；U qLow-pass filtered device LPF, PI controller and voltage controlled oscillator VCO obtain in real time θ andf, wherein θ is Spin orientation angle；fFor generator voltage frequency value.Two way convertor current control is to be based on the active electricity of synchronous rotating frame Stream and the independent PI uneoupled controls of reactive current realize that watt current refers toI qrefIt is to be realized by 17, i.e., by frequency referencef ref's PI tracing controls are set；And reactive current refers toI drefThen realized, that is, be based on by 16U drefPI tracking control units are set, when During PI tracker unsaturations,I dref=0, and when PI tracker saturations, reactive current referenceI drefThen exceed saturation for PI outputs Partial value；It is based on simultaneouslyU drefPI tracking control units and amplitude limiting controller real-time monitoringQ 5Dutycycle, change capacitive reactance in parallel with Realize that generator port voltage effectively controls；To reduce accumulator super-charge or deep discharge to its aging effects, based on battery Port voltage and electric current most obtain 4 IGBT through Coordinate Conversion and SPWM modulation techniques afterwards to the PI output violent changes of watt current Drive signal Q1- Q4, to realize that frequency and voltage effectively control.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of single-phase self-excitation wind generator system, system is by three phase squirrel cage motor, fixed excitation electric capacity and adjustable excited Electric capacity collectively forms the flexible adjustable single-phase self-excited dynamo of excitation；The star-like connection of interconnected cage motor stator winding, fixed excitation Electric capacity is connected with two windings, and so that, for single phase poaer supply N lines, adjustable excited electric capacity after another winding coupled with making among capacitor's capacity For power supply L lines；AC load is connected with two-way PWM converter parallel connection coupled in common with generator unit stator winding；Two way convertor Generator port electric voltage frequency and the adjustment mechanism of amplitude are constituted with battery, is mainly used in regulator generator electric voltage frequency perseverance It is fixed, and after adjustable excited electric capacity port voltage controls saturation, Collaborative Control generator port voltage.
2. single-phase self-excitation wind generator system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that it is whole excitation supply mode, constant frequency to be present Flow five kinds of energy storage mode, constant frequency compensator inverter mode, constant frequency and constant voltage inversion mode and variable-frequency variable-voltage Wind energy extraction mode work State, electricity generation system operation mode are mainly together decided on by wind speed, load and storage battery charge state.
3. single-phase self-excitation wind generator system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that adjustable excited electric capacity is by fixing capacitance Formed with adjustable capacitance two parts, Adjustable Capacity value part is implemented to regulate and control by IGBT to exciting capacity capacitance, and adjustable strategies are using single The PI tracking control units of generator port Voltage Reference under phase dq coordinates are realized.
4. single-phase self-excitation wind generator system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that two way convertor and battery are common Generator port electric voltage frequency Regulation mechanism is formed, two way convertor adjusts rectification or inverter mode according to outer work condition in real time, In combination with the detection of battery port voltage and current, change consumption or compensation watt level in real time；Two way convertor controls To be based on the active and idle decoupling of monophase current under synchronous rotating frame, and be based respectively on the PI of active reactive current reference with Track control realizes that wherein watt current is referred to by frequency reference frefPI tracing controls set；And reactive current reference is then based on Voltage magnitude reference UdrefPI tracking control units set, its value be PI control output exceedes saturation characterizing portion.
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CN101932829A (en) * 2008-02-01 2010-12-29 Isis创新有限公司 Electricity generator
CN101667802A (en) * 2009-09-28 2010-03-10 南京航空航天大学 Wind power generation method for stator double-winding asynchronous generator power generation system in high wind speed range
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