CN105528940A - Multifunctional astronomical popularization teaching demonstration device - Google Patents

Abstract

A multifunctional astronomical popularization teaching demonstration device belongs to auxiliary teaching or science popularization equipment. The purpose of understanding a principle of satellite launching, a planetary orbit stabilization mechanism and a variety of astronomical phenomena such as gravitational capturing state and non-capturing state of an object can be achieved through combining demonstration of the multifunctional astronomical popularization teaching demonstration device with scientific reasoning. The multifunctional astronomical popularization teaching demonstration device is composed of a rack (9), a rolling track (3), a pellet (2), a sandbox (6), a resistance block (4), a level gauge (8), supporting feet (7), a resistance sag wire (5), and a fan (11) blowing upwardly below a flight route of the pellet. The pellet flies toward the sandbox after rolling downwards along the rolling track.

Description

Multifunction astronomical science popularization teaching demonstration device

Technical field:

The invention belongs to teaching aid equipment or science popularization equipment.

Background technology:

The para-curve apparatus for demonstrating of existing science popularization or use in imparting knowledge to students is usually too simple, function singleness.Usually raceway, bead and sand table is only had.Can only demonstrate the relation that the initial velocity height after bead disengaging raceway is directly proportional to the distance of drop point, and reasoning draws the principle of launching an artificial satellite.Other chronometer phenomenon cannot in demonstration and reasoning above.

Summary of the invention:

The object of the invention is to reach demonstration in conjunction with scientific reasoning again by this device and understand multiple chronometer phenomenon, comprising: the speed height of projectile bead is directly proportional to the distance of drop point; The principle of launching an artificial satellite; The mechanism that planetary orbit is stable; The gravitation trapped state of object and non-trapped state; The red shift etc. of remote starlight.

This device comprises: frame (9), and be fixed on the raceway (3) in frame, frame have altitude scale (1), bead (2) can tumble downwards along raceway.There is sand table (or rubber mud pan) (6) at far-end, sand table has length scales (12), in order to show the distance of little placement.The flight path of bead can be placed resistant block (4), after resistant block is subject to the shock of bead, along the slippage backward of slideway below, length scales (10) outside slideway, can be had, in order to show the distance of resistant block slippage backward.The flight path of bead also has one group of vertical rope (5) being used for intuitively producing resistance, and the rope that hangs down hangs down from the upper end of a framework.The electric fan (11) to blowing up is placed with below the flight path of bead.Frame there is level (8).Below frame, respectively there is a leg (7) at corner place, and wherein, two legs below a pair linea angulata are the legs having helical length adjusting mechanism, and they coordinate level to use can be adjusted to level by handle assembly.Bead rolls down along raceway, and potential energy is kinetic energy, flies to sand table.The speed of the known bead flight of the drop point marking of bead from sand table.The close together must flown when bead rolls down from lower, that must fly when rolling down from higher position is distant.The flight path of bead puts resistant block, and resistant block retreats under the shock of bead, and initial velocity height when departing from raceway from the known bead of the distance retreated, after taking away resistant block, bead can fly to sand table.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to structure of the present invention and can to demonstrate and the content of reasoning is described in further detail.

Accompanying drawing illustrates:

Accompanying drawing is the schematic side view of this device.

The track of this kind of experimental demonstration device is high more also can not accelerate to more than the first cosmic velocity bead, and outbound bead namely can not be made to reach the satellitosis of the whole circle flight of earth.But the mankind are the biologies having wisdom He have inferential capability, scientific reasoning can be carried out in conjunction with existing ripe knowledge and experience, finally reach and prove and understand those phenomenons that cannot simulate completely.Such as: understand the ultimate principle of launching an artificial satellite.When the speed of bead improves constantly, its drop point is inevitable more and more far away.If the earth is plane and distally infinitely extends, so, the drop point of bead is unable to catch up with starting point forever.But the earth is spherical, bead drop point more and more far away can exceed starting point eventually, material is thus formed the state that bead departs from ground and earth revolution.Thus, reach understand satellite by this device can the principle of successful launch.Now, the mankind have succeeded in sending up satellite already.

Outside celestial body or outside celestial body atmospheric envelope and imperfect vacuum, also there are thin or a small amount of molecule in kind, ion, dust and their accretion body or aggregation, the fragment etc. produced after also having impact event.They certainly lead to resistance to the celestial body of long-time directed revolution and spinning motion, and the speed of planet, comet, satellite etc. is declined, and track is more and more lower, and solar wind raises effect to planet, track of a comet.This device electric fan simulated solar wind.When making lecture experiment with this device, in fact bead also must be subject to the resistance of air Middle molecule, ion, dust etc. awing, but this resistance is difficult to intuitively see.In order to ocular demonstration, so, in this device, simulate various resistance with one group of rope that hangs down.When bead flies over, this group inswept is hung down and is restricted, and must be subject to the resistance of restricting that hangs down.In this device, bead is equivalent to planet, and terrestrial attraction is equivalent to the gravitation of the sun, and the wind that electric fan upwards blows out is equivalent to solar wind, and the direction of the solar wind motion of this simulation should be vertical with the heading of bead or close vertical.When electric fan is closed, bead must drop on place nearer in sand table, when opening electric fan, do the experiment that other experiment condition is identical again, the flight track of bead is then elevated, during whereabouts, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy thus the total speed vector of tangential velocity (vertical and) is increased, and the drop point of bead will inevitably be far.So solar wind also comprises asteroidal track to planet, comet and raises effect.And the various resistance such as dust can reduce the linear velocity of planet, comet etc., reduce at gravitational effect lower planet, track of a comet after reduction of speed.These two aspects is the main cause determining planet, comet orbit, and in addition, interplanetary mutual perturbation etc. are secondary causes.The reduction rail effect that the orbitally stable of planet is subject at it is with on the position (track) of raising rail effect quite (equal).

Mention above, this device can not directly realize launching an artificial satellite, and can only add scientific reasoning on this basis to reach the object understanding principle of launching an artificial satellite.Equally, departing from for object the understanding that the solar system or other center of attraction catch also is by this method.When planet is far from the sun, or satellite or the liftoff ball of bead is far or electronics is far etc. from atomic nucleus, in a word, when little quality (little gravitation) object is far from large quality (large gravitation) object, the universal gravitation between two articles or other gravitation are very weak.On the other hand, any object has motion, does not have the object of absolute rest in universe.The reason of motion has internal force (internal motion and effect), the acting force of universal gravitation, other marble and the collision etc. from other object outside, object particle, non-object particle.When the planet revolved round the sun around central start is except revolution motion, when the probability that it outwards moves inwardly is greater than the probability (central start direction) moved, namely produce away from motion.In the time sufficiently long situation of this situation, planet originally will the catching of off center star, and namely terminates revolution motion state (trapped state) and enter non-capture movement state (or claiming free movement state).

In the actual motion of object, possible direction of motion is all directions in three dimensions, and the quantity in concrete direction cannot count.But in order to analyze be familiar with on simplification, usually possible direction of motion is divided into the coordinate of three-dimensional and six direction in theory, this six direction is: inwardly, outwards, upwards, downwards, left, to the right.If we are inwardly defined as the direction of two object proximities, so, outwards (inside opposite direction) be then away from, all the other four directions are then tangential directions.For two objects, when little quality (little gravitation) Objects around A large quality (large gravitation) object revolves round the sun, arbitrary equipotential surface of large mass objects gravitation is all spherical shell shape or close to spherical shell shape.Any camber line on arbitrary equipotential surface spherical shell is all aduncate, namely bending to large mass objects direction.Twice collision or stressed between, object is linear uniform motion normally.When little mass objects makes one section of rectilinear motion in arbitrary equipotential surface of large mass objects gravitation, only have inwardly this direction of motion to be make both close, all the other five directions be all make both away from, namely to escape from former equipotential surface outside for little mass objects.In the actual motion of object, any one section of linear uniform motion can not be all infinitely short, except outwards, the outer motion of deflection must cause away from outward with the motion of four tangential directions, in deflection but very close to one section of motion of tangential direction also may cause escaping from former equipotential surface and outside (away from).Can reach a conclusion thus: if two articles gravitation close to each other is compared with centrifugal force in not dominant situation, the free random motion of wisp must cause both away from probability slightly larger than 50%, and both close probability are slightly less than 50%, namely two articles away from probability be greater than close probability.Between two articles attractive interaction effect under inside (close) that the produce summation (probability) of moving outwards be equal to, or greater than (away from) summation (probability) that move time, two articles just can maintain capture movement state, namely at this moment both are in capture movement state, otherwise are just non-capture movement states.This is two kinds of basic motion states.Stable capture movement state is the revolution of little quality (little gravitation) Objects around A large quality (large gravitation) object, and certainly, large mass objects also has some to move accordingly by the graviational interaction of little mass objects.In reality, the object being in capture movement state is not limited only to two, and such as, numerous planet, asteroid, comet etc. (or claiming little gravitation object) are common phenomena around the sun (or claiming large gravitation object) motion.But not the motion of suspended particulates in the motion class quasi-liquid of capture movement state object, its motion path is random with collision, if do not absorbed or h substance in motion process, resistance and power are all constant, are so linear uniform motion between twice collision.

Light medium not only has transmission effect to light (light wave), also has some change effects, comprises refraction, reflection, scattering, partially absorbs, light wave that frequency conversion, medium motion must carry wherein moves etc. together.Change effect be exactly before and after transmitting the situation of this Shu Guang no longer identical, be changed.And front a slice light medium and the result of rear a slice light medium to the change effect of light have accumulation, or claim there is connection, identical effect must have cumulative, and opposite effect must have counteracting, and different effects is parallel to coexist.Namely light is in transmission, light medium can be brought in light medium below to the change that light produces above, in other words, after light medium be accept light medium above to pass the light that there occurs change of coming, instead of the virgin state of light that shiner (or reflective thing) sends.Such as: when light beam transmission enters front a slice (one piece) light medium, there occurs red shift, when this bundle light continues to be delivered to lower a slice (one piece) light medium, starting is exactly the light that there occurs red shift, if a slice light medium has red shift effect equally after this, namely so necessarily red shift is cumulative strengthens.Refraction, scattering, delustring (partially absorbing or scattering), reflection, frequency conversion, light medium motion light wave carried wherein to move together etc. and are not always the case, and have connection, and sequencing also have impact to result before and after being all.

Object particle in space or object are except absorbing light, transform except luminous energy, luminescence, also has the ability of refraction, transmission, reflected light under certain condition, and the impact of motion on light itself, these abilities are that material object light medium transmits light or claims to transmit the character of light wave.In addition, also have the multiple non-object particle transmitting luminous energy or light wave, vacuum is made up of these non-object particles.Any object or particle have motion, and wherein the motion of a lot of particle and object is all in non-capture movement state, and the probability of outwards motion is greater than inside motion.Light wave also has size, it be light insulating particles in certain limit ripple motion with change, the longer volume of wavelength is larger, and the energy density in unit interval or unit length is less.When the amount of exercise of the light insulating particles of outside motion reaches enough large, light wave local can be made to expand to some extent and accepting maintenance in front transfer, and when a lot of local all expands, so entirety also just expands, and comprises wavelength increase and red shift.Therefore, for remote distance, there is a lot of outwards probability of motion between two articles slightly larger than the particle of inside probability of motion and object, comprise in kind with non-solid object light insulating particles.In unit distance, very the red shift of small probability constantly repeats cumulative just to become larger red shift in very long distance.This is not Doppler effect, is not namely very large away from speed between observer and object.Otherwise arrange the special celestial body except as otherwise reason, just add up great majority or claim with regard to general galaxy or celestial body, alternatively, the distance of the red shift of object larger then it and observer is far away.

In astronomical sight and science popularization, some disturbing factors can not be ignored, i.e. astronomical sight or have truth also to have illusion in taking pictures.Illusion is often due to observation or the reason of shooting angle, or due to foreign matter (non-targeted thing) interference or other stray light, or the factor impacts such as the physics and chemistry feature of electromagnetism, temperature, camera installation itself, finally make observation or there is deviation between photograph result and real phenomena, in observation visual field or photo occurs the additional shadow that do not have in some target material objects.Such as, the change that hot spot, annulus, lines, local light and shade or color are unfounded; On the contrary, due to luminous intensity, the reason such as to block, the part that object should manifest may not manifest on photo.We know, may occur these illusions when taking pictures to the scenery be familiar with.We why know photo has illusion be because shooting be familiar with thing.To multi angle view in kind, viewing can have been walked close to being familiar with thing people, thus the additional shadow that easy discovery photo does not have in those real goal things and lack part.But the mankind cannot walk close to remote starry sky, also cannot the remote celestial body of multi-angled shooting.Remote celestial body or the pair of galaxies mankind are unfamiliar with thing.But according to the experience be familiar with thing and taken, people have reason to believe, may occur additional shadow and lack part equally in the photo being unfamiliar with thing shooting, problem identifies these additional shadows and lack part is often not easy.If the reason producing these defects disappears when second time shooting or significantly weakens, so, repeat the photo taken does not have defect same when taking last time, otherwise same defect still can exist.In this case cannot distinguish out intuitively, can only by the method for many-side scientific analysis to expect to reach the object picking out truth and illusion.

Claims (2)

1. Multifunction astronomical science popularization teaching demonstration device, comprise frame (9), be fixed on the raceway (3) in frame, bead (2), far-end has sand table (6), it is characterized in that: be placed with the electric fan (11) to blowing up below the flight path of bead, the flight path of bead can be placed resistant block (4) flight path of bead also having one group of vertical rope (5) being used for intuitively producing resistance.

2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: frame has level (8), below frame, respectively there is a leg (7) at corner place, wherein, two legs below a pair linea angulata are the legs having helical length adjusting mechanism, and they coordinate level to use can be adjusted to level by handle assembly.