CN105516035B - Physical-layer network coding method based on Gaussian waveform - Google Patents
Physical-layer network coding method based on Gaussian waveform Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03821—Inter-carrier interference cancellation [ICI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0076—Distributed coding, e.g. network coding, involving channel coding
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of physical-layer network coding methods using Gaussian waveform.Its implementation is：To two user information sequence uA, uBUniform enconding is carried out respectively and is mapped as matrix D according to M ary quadrature amplitude correspondencesA,DB；Each information symbol sequence is correspondingly converted to k-th of subcarrier in first of slot transmission after Gaussian filter；Mixed signal of two users with additive white Gaussian noise and channel latency will be received at relaying R；The mixed signal of reception is passed to a kind of linear equalizer of simplification to compensate the influence of fading channel；Then the signal after compensation is detected and is decoded, and decoding output information is returned into two users.The present invention solve the problems, such as in existing bilateral relay network because multicarrier displacement interference can not eliminate due to influence system efficiency of transmission and network utilization, can be used for bilateral relay network system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of communication technology more particularly to a kind of physical-layer network coding methods, can be used for bi-directional relaying
Network system.
Background technology
Bi-directional relaying TWR has become as communication for coordination technology of new generation in current wireless or mobile communication system
Research hotspot, and communication for coordination technology is one of key technology indispensable in modern wireless or mobile communication system.Currently,
The application of bilateral relay network in a communications system is very extensive, is such as believed using the bi-directional relaying of physical-layer network coding PLNC
Road TWRC.The data of communicating pair can be swapped by an alternative routing over such a channel.In multiple access slot MA, two
The data of a user independent simultaneously can be transferred to identical relay node；In time slot BC, which will encode
Information sends communicating pair to.Because of respective local information known to communicating pair, in conjunction with the overlapped information respectively received, therefore it
Can be extracted from identical network code information needed for the other user information.In being given due to communicating pair simultaneous transmission information
After, therefore a main problem is exactly frequency caused by eliminating as much as different oscillators and channel dispersion in bilateral relay network
Rate and time shifting.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplex OFDM extensive application, mesh in present mobile communication standard as multi-carrier transmission mechanism
Preceding is typically by OFDM and physical-layer network coding PLNC connected applications.However, OFDM is in bidirectional relay channel TWRC channels
Can be by intercarrier interference caused by carrier wave displacement, and be difficult to eliminate, see International ITG Workshop on
Smart Antennas in March, 2014 articles《Analysis and Implementation for Physical-Layer
Network Coding with Carrier Frequency Offset》The intercarrier interference mentioned inhibits problem.Cause
This, the carrier wave displacement problem in multi-carrier transmission mechanism will produce the interference for being difficult to eliminate, and influence bilateral relay network system
Treatment effeciency and network utilization.
Invention content
It is two-way to solve the purpose of the present invention is being to propose a kind of physical-layer network coding method based on Gaussian waveform
Carrier wave displacement problem in junction network mitigates intercarrier interference, improves efficiency of transmission and network utilization.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention includes as follows：
(1) in multiple access slot MA, user A and user B send information sequence simultaneously, and by linear channel encoder and
After the M-QAM modulation of M Quadrature Amplitudes, modulates correspondence according to M-QAM and mapped into row matrix, and sent out by Gaussian filter
It penetrates；The transmitting signal channel transmits, and is received by matched filter, matched filter received signal is prolonged for channel at this time
Late, the mixed signal y of transmission signal and additive white Gaussian noise after decliningR(t)+nR(t)；
(2) by relaying to mixed signal yR(t)+nR(t) it is sampled, obtains a series of T/F coordinate points
(k', l') forms discrete signal YR；
(3) to discrete signal YRIt is passed to linear equalizer progress channel fading compensation after adding rectangular window, after being compensated
Discrete signal YEQ, by discrete signal YEQAfter being detected and decode successively, decoding output signal c is obtainedR, wherein rectangular window
Size is determined by the filter range of Gaussian filter；
(4) in time slot BC, by the decoding output signal c comprising network code informationRReturn to user A and user
The decoding output signal c that B, user A and user B are combined the Given information of itself and receivedR, other side is extracted respectively to be transmitted to
The information of oneself.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages that：
1. the present invention uses orthogonal multiple carrier mechanism and physical-layer network coding due to the use of Gaussian filter transmitting
The mode that PLNC is combined so that inter-carrier interference and time delay caused by carrier wave displacement only influence adjacent elements, solve system
Larger problem is interfered, system treatment effeciency and network utilization are improved.
2. the present invention is due to the use of linear equalizer so that balanced device is not the case where influencing posterior probability APP indexs
The lower element that closes on that need to be calculated in T/F coordinate system, the larger time complexity for reducing system processing solve double
Complicated problem is calculated into relay network system, further improves system effectiveness and network utilization.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing bilateral relay network system schematic；
Fig. 2 is the implementation flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the realization frame diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is with the present invention and existing method computation complexity comparison diagram；
Fig. 5 is in the present invention using bit error rate performance comparison diagram under different decoding mechanism and length of window.
Specific implementation mode
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, below in conjunction with attached drawing, to of the present invention
Scheme and effect are described in further detail.
Referring to Fig.1, the bilateral relay network system that the present invention uses is by user A, user B and relaying R compositions.In multiple access
Gap MA, user A and user B send information sequence to relaying R simultaneously, by uniform enconding, linear equalization and sampling at relaying, with
And signal detection and decoding process, relaying will return to the decoding comprising network code information to user A and user B and export letter
Breath.Since user knows the self-information of oneself, in conjunction with the decoding output information received, they can be from decoding output information
The information that corresponding extraction the other user sends.
With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the present invention to the specific implementation step of the physical-layer network coding based on Gaussian waveform such as
Under：
Step 1：User information encodes and modulation.
As shown in figure 3, user A and user B sends binary information sequence u respectivelyAAnd uB, by the two binary information sequences
uAAnd uBUniform enconding, which is carried out, by linear encoder C obtains binary element sequence CA=C (uA), CB=C (uB), wherein linearly
The code rate of encoder C is RC；
By binary element sequence CA=C (uA), CB=C (uB), it is carried out according to M Quadrature Amplitudes M-QAM modulation relationships
Matrix maps, and is each mapped to matrix DAAnd matrix DB, wherein matrix DAAnd matrix DBSize is Nk·NL, NKIt is K frequency of every frame
Information symbol number on rate carrier wave, NLIt is the information symbol number on L time slot of every frame, DAIn each elementM- frequency when expression
A point (k, l) in rate coordinate systemA, DBIn each elementIndicate a point (k, l) in T/F coordinate systemB。
Step 2：Gaussian filter emits
By matrix D in step 1AEach time frequency point (k, l)AAnd matrix DBIn each time frequency point (k, l)BInformation symbol it is same
When with identical two Gaussian filters respectively pass through emit function g1(t) it goes out in k-th of subcarrier, first of slot transmission,
The transmitting function is：g1(t)=g (t-lT) ej2πkFt, wherein t expression continuous time variables, F expression subcarrier spacings, T expressions
Time slot.
Step 3：Transmitting signal transmits in fading channel
By the information symbol through Gaussian filter transmitting in step 2 respectively by fading channel, passed through in transmission process
The information symbol of Gaussian filter transmitting will be according toFormula occurrence frequency is inclined
It moves, time delay and amplitude reduce, h in formulal, τl, υlIt is the complex coefficient, time delay, Doppler frequency shift of fading channel respectively, l=0,
1,2,···,Nh- 1, NhFor the maximum occurrences of fading channel centrifugal pump, δ () expressions take impulse function, Δ υ to indicate carrier frequency
Partially, Δ τ indicates time delay, these parameters are independent to be appeared in the fading channel of user A and user B.
Step 4：Matched filter receives and sampling
Information symbol through fading channel is received by relaying the matched filter at R, receiver function g2(t)
=g* (- t-l'T) e-j2πk'F(-t), in formula, g*() indicates to ask conjugate function, t to indicate that continuous time variable, F indicate g ()
Subcarrier spacing, T indicate that time slot, k' indicate the frequency coordinate in the T/F coordinate points after matched filter process, l'
Indicate the time coordinate in the T/F coordinate points after matched filter process, matched filter receiver function g2(t)
With transmitting function g1(t) match；
Relaying signal y received by the matched filter at RR(t)+nR(t) it is after fading channel delay, decline
Send the mixed signal of information symbol and additive white Gaussian noise.Wherein, additive white Gaussian noise Normal Distribution
To the mixed signal y receivedR(t)+nR(t) after being sampled, obtain a series of T/F coordinate points (k',
L'), discrete signal Y is formedRSuch as following formula：
In formula,Refer to the matched filter noise at relaying R, NKIt is the information symbol number on K frequency carrier of every frame,
NLIt is the information symbol number on L time slot of every frame,It indicates the time delay of entire channel, decline and transmitting and accepts filter
Device docks collection of letters YRInfluence,It is given by：
In formula, Hi(τ, ν) indicates that i channel functions, τ indicate that the time delay coordinate components of channel function, ν indicate channel function
Frequency deviation coordinate components, F indicate that subcarrier spacing, T indicate that time slot, A* () indicate to ask conjugate function, A (τ, v) to indicate A ()
Autoambiguity function, for describing sphere of actions of the filter g () to specific time Frequency point.Wherein, autoambiguity function A (τ,
V) it is defined as follows:
In formula, τ indicates that the time delay coordinate components of channel function, ν indicate the frequency deviation coordinate components of channel function.
Relay the discrete signal Y through over-sampling at RRIt can also be provided, be represented by with vector form：yR=VA·dA+
VB·dB+nR, wherein dA=vec (DA), dB=vec { DB, Symbol vec { } expressions seek vector to { }.Discrete signal Y through over-samplingR
Also referred to as vector yR=vec { YR}。
Step 5：Linear equalizer processing
In order to reduce input equalizer vector dimension, the present invention in introduce following window functions, i.e.,：
ω { A }=vec { [A](k′-N:k'+N)(l'-N:l'+N)}
N is the length of window function in formula, is determined by the filter range of Gaussian filter, indicates linear equalizer to being studied
Specific time frequency point (k', l') the considerations of range.
To the discrete signal Y through over-sampling in step 4RAdding window, the signal y after adding windowwIt is expressed as：
yw=ω { YR}
It, will be in the following manner to the signal y after adding window in order to reduce the complexity calculated after adding windowwCarry out approximate fortune
It calculates：For the discrete signal Y through over-samplingRIf only considering first vegetarian refreshments around specific time frequency point, dimension is (2NN+1)2×
1, then the reception signal y after adding windowwCan be with approximate representation：
Wherein,It is the matrix that dimension reduces after adding window respectively,It is adding window noise vector；
Signal y is received by approximate after adding windowωPass through influence caused by linear equalizer z-offset fading channel, output compensation
Signal y afterwardsEQ：
yEQ=zTyω
Wherein, zTExpression seeks transposition function to z.
The linear equalizer, using least mean-square error MMSE principles, i.e., with the signal y after compensationEQUser A is subtracted to exist
Matched filter treated element d 'AWith user B matched filter treated element d 'B, to the above results Modulus of access
Square, then take desired minimum value and tangent of negating, i.e. following formula：
zMMSE=argminE | yEQ-(d′A+d′B)|2}。
Step 6：To the signal y after compensationEQIt is detected and decodes.
To the signal y after compensationEQBeing detected has with decoding existing method：One, separation channel decoding SCD, two, joint letter
Road and physical-layer network coding JCNC, three, broad sense combined channel and physical-layer network coding G-JCNC.This example uses the third
Method.
Each method is as follows：
The first：Detach channel decoding SCD
Separation channel decoding SCD refers to the information of the independent each user of estimation of decoder, the i.e. transmission in estimation party A-subscriber
When information, the information of party B-subscriber is properly termed as interfering, similarly, when estimation party B-subscriber sends information, the information of party A-subscriber is regarded completely
For interference.It is as follows：
(6.1a) is to decoder A according to log-likelihood ratio principle L (CA) to the signal Y after incoming compensationEQEstimated,
The information sequence estimatedTo decoder B according to log-likelihood ratio principle L (CB) to the signal after incoming compensation
YEQEstimated, the information sequence estimated
The information sequence of (6.1b) to estimationWithXOR operation is carried out, decoding output information is obtainedIndicate XOR operation.
Second：Combined channel and physical-layer network coding JCNC
Combined channel refers to combining to utilize user A and user B on the basis of SCD is decoded with physical-layer network coding JCNC
Information estimates the information of each user.It is as follows：
(6.2a) is to decoder A and decoding B according to log-likelihood ratio principleTo the signal Y after incoming compensationEQ
Carry out Combined estimator, the information sequence estimatedWith
The information sequence of (6.2b) to estimationWithXOR operation is carried out, decoding output information is obtainedIndicate XOR operation.
The third：Broad sense combined channel and physical-layer network coding G-JCNC
Broad sense combined channel refers to letter on the basis of JCNC is decoded by estimation with physical-layer network coding G-JCNC
Cease sequenceWithXOR operation is realized by an encoder.
(6.3a) is to decoder A and decoding B according to log-likelihood ratio principleTo the signal Y after incoming compensationEQ
Carry out Combined estimator, the information sequence estimatedWith
The information sequence of (6.3b) to estimationWithXOR operation is carried out using an encoder, obtains decoding output letter
Cease cR。
In time slot BC, this is contained to the decoding output signal c of all-network coding informationRReturn to user
A and user B.Possess itself known information due to sending user, it is in combination with the decoding output signal c receivedR, Ke Yiying
With decoding mechanism from decoding output signal cRIn extract the other user and issue the information of oneself.
The effect of the present invention can be further illustrated by following emulation experiment：
1. experiment condition
This experiment uses the multicarrier system of octal system quadrature amplitude modulation 64QAM based on MATLAB platforms, in Rayleigh
Data link layer emulation experiment has been carried out in fading channel.Coding mode uses LDPC code, code rate R in experimentC=0.3,
Sub-carrier number N wherein per frameK=16, timeslot number NL=10, then 16x10=160 symbol is shared per frame.
2. experiment content
Experiment 1：Gaussian waveform filter and rectangular filter is respectively adopted in emission filter, is relayed at R by observation
Autoambiguity function compares the physical-layer network coding computation complexity situation using Gaussian filter and other filters, as a result
Such as Fig. 4.Wherein Fig. 4 (a) illustrates the autoambiguity function A (τ, υ) of Gaussian filter, and Fig. 4 (b) illustrates oneself of rectangular filter
Ambiguity function A (τ, υ).As shown in Figure 4, the interference attenuation that Gaussian filter introduces is the rapidest, only influences specific time frequency point
Element is closed on, this reduction that system-computed range will be kept larger, but rectangular filter does not have this feature, and computation complexity will
It is relatively complicated.
Experiment 2：Separation channel decoding SCD is respectively adopted, combined channel is combined with physical-layer network coding JCNC and broad sense
Tri- kinds of decoding mechanism of channel and physical-layer network coding G-JCNC decode LDPC code, and according to filter range to length of window N
Different value is taken, comes the different decoding mechanism of comparison and length of window N by comparing the bit error rate-signal-to-noise ratio curve, that is, BER-SNR curves
Influence to bilateral relay network efficiency of transmission and network utilization, as a result such as Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 illustrates the bit error rate performance of different decoding mechanism under Gaussian filter transmitting and its matched filter reception.
Concrete outcome is as follows：
From the point of view of laterally, by the bit error rate-signal-to-noise ratio curve it is found that G-JCNC decodings are than the slope of curve that SCD and JCNC is decoded
Absolute value is big, i.e., as the decline of the increase bit error rate of signal-to-noise ratio becomes faster, therefore G-JCNC decoding performances are better than other two kinds；
From the point of view of longitudinal direction, the case where under same decoding mechanism, window function length N is bigger, and curve is closer to not adding window,
But window function length N must change it is smaller to Control of Bit Error Rate difference；
In general, compared to the performance difference of different decoding mechanism, the performance difference that window function length N is brought influences to show
It obtains relatively small.That is, transmission performance has almost no change when window function length is respectively 1,2,3, but system-computed is multiple
Miscellaneous degree will substantially reduce, this improves system treatment effeciency and increase network utilization and provides very well for bilateral relay network system
Solution.On the other hand, this can also demonstrate effectiveness of the invention and robustness well.
The above embodiment is merely an example for clearly illustrating the present invention, does not limit the embodiments.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments, and thus amplify out it is obvious variation or
Variation is still in the protection scope of this invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of physical-layer network coding method based on Gaussian waveform, which is characterized in that including：
(1) in multiple access slot MA, user A and user B send information sequence simultaneously, and by linear channel encoder and M into
After quadrature amplitude M-QAM modulation processed, modulates correspondence according to M-QAM and mapped into row matrix, and emitted by Gaussian filter；
The transmitting signal channel transmits, and is received by matched filter, and matched filter received signal is channel delay, declines at this time
The mixed signal y of backward transmission signal and additive white Gaussian noiseR(t)+nR(t)；
(2) by relaying to mixed signal yR(t)+nR(t) sampled, obtain a series of T/F coordinate points (k',
L'), discrete signal Y is formedR：
In formula,Refer to the matched filter noise at relaying R, NKIt is the information symbol number on K frequency carrier of every frame, NLIt is
Per the information symbol number on L time slot of frame,Indicate time delay, decline and transmitting and the receiving filter pair of entire channel
Receive signal YRInfluence, vi (k,l,k',l')It is given by：
In formula, Hi(τ, ν) indicates that i channel functions, τ indicate that the time delay coordinate components of channel function, ν indicate the frequency deviation of channel function
Coordinate components, F indicate that subcarrier spacing, T indicate that time slot, A* () indicate to ask conjugate function, A (τ, v) to indicate from mould A ()
Function is pasted, for describing sphere of actions of the filter g () to specific time Frequency point；Wherein, autoambiguity function A (τ, v) is fixed
Justice is as follows:
In formula, τ indicates that the time delay coordinate components of channel function, ν indicate the frequency deviation coordinate components of channel function；
(3) to discrete signal YRIt is passed to linear equalizer progress channel fading compensation, the discrete letter after being compensated after adding rectangular window
Number YEQ, by discrete signal YEQAfter being detected and decode successively, decoding output signal c is obtainedR, wherein the size of rectangular window by
The filter range of Gaussian filter determines；
Discrete signal Y after the compensationEQ, form is：
yEQ=zTyω
In formula, linear equalizer z indicates to influence caused by compensation fading channel, yωFor the reception signal approximate representation after adding window
For：
Wherein,It is the matrix that dimension reduces after adding window, d respectivelyA=vec (DA), dB=vec { DB,It is that adding window is made an uproar
Acoustic vector；
(4) in time slot BC, by the decoding output signal c comprising network code informationRUser A and user B are returned to, is used
The decoding output signal c that family A is combined the Given information of itself with user B and receivedR, other side is extracted respectively is transmitted to oneself
Information.
2. the physical-layer network coding method according to claim 1 based on Gaussian waveform, it is characterised in that in step (1)
Matrix mapping, be that the information sequence of user A and user B is modulated correspondence according to M Quadrature Amplitudes M-QAM respectively to reflect
It penetrates as matrix DAAnd DB, matrix DAAnd DBSize is Nk·NL, NKIt is the information symbol number on K frequency carrier of every frame, NLIt is every frame
Information symbol number on L time slot, DAIn each elementIndicate a point (k, l) in T/F coordinate systemA, DBIn
Each elementIndicate a point (k, l) in T/F coordinate systemB。
3. the physical-layer network coding method according to claim 1 based on Gaussian waveform, it is characterised in that in step (2)
Discrete signal YRIt is expressed as with vector form：yR=VA·dA+VB·dB+nR, wherein dA=vec (DA), dB=vec { DB,Symbol vec { } expressions seek vector to { }, pass through
The discrete signal Y of over-samplingRAlso referred to as vector yR=vec { YR}。
4. the physical-layer network coding method according to claim 1 based on Gaussian waveform, it is characterised in that in step (3)
Rectangular window is：
ω { A }=vec { [A](k′-N:k'+N)(l'-N:l'+N)}
In formula, N is the length of window function, is determined by the filter range of Gaussian filter, and expression linear equalizer is to being studied
The considerations of specific time frequency point (k', l') range, k' indicates the frequency in the T/F coordinate points after matched filter process
Coordinate, l' indicate the time coordinate in the T/F coordinate points after matched filter process.
5. the physical-layer network coding method according to claim 1 based on Gaussian waveform, it is characterised in that in step (3)
The linear equalizer is selected using least mean-square error MMSE as the filter of principle.
6. the physical-layer network coding method according to claim 1 based on Gaussian waveform, it is characterised in that in step (3)
To discrete signal YEQIt is detected and decodes successively, carry out as follows：
(3a) is to decoder A and decoding B according to log-likelihood ratio principleTo the signal Y after incoming compensationEQJoined
Close estimation, the information sequence estimatedWith
The information sequence of (3b) to estimationWithXOR operation is carried out using an encoder, obtains decoding output information
cR。
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