CN105515627B - A kind of extensive MIMO detection method and detection device - Google Patents
A kind of extensive MIMO detection method and detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105515627B CN105515627B CN201510889908.7A CN201510889908A CN105515627B CN 105515627 B CN105515627 B CN 105515627B CN 201510889908 A CN201510889908 A CN 201510889908A CN 105515627 B CN105515627 B CN 105515627B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03178—Arrangements involving sequence estimation techniques
- H04L25/03184—Details concerning the metric
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of extensive MIMO detection methods, belong to wireless communication technology field.The present invention utilizes the detection that MIMO signal is carried out based on confidence spread BP iterative algorithms under real number field;Before BP iteration starts, normalizing quantification treatment first is carried out to all certainty variables, is located in the range of [1,1], the random bit stream of qualitative variable tape symbol indicates really after then quantifying each normalizing;In BP iterative process, the update and transmission of message are completed by calculating at random;After the completion of BP iteration, the random bit stream that iteration exports is converted into certainty variable, as output Soft Inform ation.The invention also discloses a kind of extensive MIMO detection devices.Real number field BP algorithm is combined by the present invention with random calculating, ensureing to detect under identical detection performance with certainty, its hardware consumption and system delay are only linearly increased with transmission or the increase of reception antenna number, so as to be well adapted for the scene of extensive MIMO.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology field more particularly to a kind of extensive MIMO (Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output, multiple-input and multiple-output) detection method and detection device.
Background technology
As wireless communication technique develops rapidly, mobile communication has become development potentiality maximum, city in the current communications field
The most wide hot spot technology of field foreground.Mobile communication experienced first generation analogue communication (1G), and second generation cellular digital communicates (2G),
The development course of third generation CDMA broadband connections (3G), had been enter into forth generation mobile communication (4G) industrialization at present applies rank
Section.Mobile communication is just towards high-speed, high power capacity, and the direction of spectral efficient and low-power consumption is developed, and constantly meets people increasingly
The data and video requirement of growth.It is predicted according to major carrier and authoritative advisory organization:Mobile broadband service flow will be in future
Increase by 1000 times within 10 years.Existing 4G technologies still cannot be satisfied following demand in transmission rate and resource utilization etc.,
Its wireless coverage and user experience also need to be further increased.Countries in the world are while pushing 4G industrialization work, the 5th generation
Mobile communication technology (5G) has become the research hotspot of domestic and international wireless communication field.
Compared to a single aerial system, multiaerial system (MIMO) in identical frequency band by concurrently sending multichannel data, greatly
Improve power system capacity and data rate greatly.MIMO is with its higher spectrum efficiency and connection reliability, in research and industry neck
Domain is concerned.In recent years, 3GPP LTE-Advanced and IEEE 802.11n are had become in conjunction with the MIMO technology of space division multiplexing
Newest standards.With the continuous growth of future mobile communications demand, the antenna scale that system needs is also increasing, and then leads
The birth of extensive MIMO is caused.Radio Transmission Technology based on extensive MIMO makes spectrum efficiency and power efficiency 4G's
On the basis of promote a magnitude again, will be as the key technology of next generation mobile communication.For ideal detection method such as ML,
Computation complexity is in exponential increase with the increase of transmitting antenna number.However, under extensive MIMO scene, such detection side
Method computational complexity is high, is that hardware cannot achieve.
In pertinent literature about MIMO detections, there are a large amount of correlative studys for being directed to low complex degree detection algorithm.It is based on
The approximate least mean-square errors of Neumann (MMSE) detect, and greatly reduce the computational complexity of detection.However, approximate miss
Difference is related with the configuration of antenna number, to limit its scope of application.Based on belief propagation (BP) although Iterative detection algorithm
Matrix inversion is avoided, but still needs a large amount of arithmetical operation in hardware realization.In addition, these deterministic detection algorithms
Fault-tolerant ability is poor.Therefore, under the premise of ensureing the detection performance of approximate ideal, design is a kind of convenient for hard-wired efficiently big
Scale MIMO detection method is particularly important.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a kind of extensive detection sides MIMO
Real number field BP algorithm is combined with random calculating, is ensureing to detect identical detection performance with certainty by method and detection device
Under, hardware consumption and system delay are only linearly increased with transmission or the increase of reception antenna number, so as to fit well
Answer the scene of extensive MIMO.
The present invention specifically uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
A kind of extensive MIMO detection method carries out MIMO using under real number field based on confidence spread BP iterative algorithms
The detection of signal;Before BP iteration starts, normalizing quantification treatment first is carried out to all certainty variables, is located at [- 1,1]
In range, the random bit stream of qualitative variable tape symbol indicates really after then quantifying each normalizing;In BP iterative process,
The update and transmission of message are completed by calculating at random;After the completion of BP iteration, the random bit stream that iteration exports is converted to
Certainty variable, as output Soft Inform ation.
Preferably, the length of the random bit stream of the tape symbol is 212。
Further, in BP iterative process, randomization again periodically is carried out to random bit stream.
Preferably, the random number generator constituted using a pseudo-random number generator and a comparator, will determine
Property numerical value conversion be random bit stream;It is arrived at random using what a controllable forward-backward counter and one group of shift register were constituted
It determines converter, random bit stream is converted into certainty numerical value;It is constituted using an XOR gate and an AND gate random
Real add musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass realization random bit stream adds operation;It is selected using one group of XNOR, XOR, OR, AND gate and alternative data
The random real multipliers that device is constituted realize the multiplication of random bit stream.
Following technical scheme can also be obtained according to identical invention thinking:
A kind of extensive MIMO detection devices carry out MIMO using under real number field based on confidence spread BP iterative algorithms
The detection of signal;The device includes:
Normalizing quantifying unit, for before BP iteration starts, first carrying out normalizing quantification treatment to all certainty variables, making
It is located in the range of [- 1,1];
Random number generation unit, the random bit flow table for qualitative variable tape symbol really after quantifying each normalizing
Show;
Random computing unit, in BP iterative process, the update and transmission of message to be completed by calculating at random;
It is random to be used for after the completion of BP iteration to converting unit is determined, the random bit stream that iteration exports is converted to really
Qualitative variable, as output Soft Inform ation.
Preferably, the length of the random bit stream of the tape symbol is 212。
Further, the extensive MIMO detection devices further include again randomization unit, in BP iteration
In the process, randomization again periodically is carried out to random bit stream.
Preferably, the random number generation unit includes being made of a pseudo-random number generator and a comparator
Random number generator, for being random bit stream by certainty numerical value conversion;Described includes at random by one to determining converting unit
A controllable forward-backward counter and one group of shift register are constituted random to converter is determined, for random bit to circulate
It is changed to certainty numerical value;The random computing unit includes random real add musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass and random real multipliers, random real add
Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass is made of an XOR gate and an AND gate, and random real multipliers are by one group of XNOR, XOR, OR, AND gate and two choosings
One data selector is constituted.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has the advantages that:
The BP Iterative detection algorithms of real number field are combined by the present invention with random calculating, and consider parallel pipeline processing,
Efficient extensive MIMO detectors are realized only with simple logical construction.In addition, the detection performance of the present invention is with day
The increase of line gauge mould and be further improved;Meanwhile hardware consumption and system delay only linearly increase with the increase of antenna number
Add, the hardware realization of extensive MIMO detectors can be suitable for.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the information transmission figure between signal node and observer nodes in real number field;
Fig. 2 is the system architecture of extensive MIMO one preferred embodiment of detection device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the building-block of logic of each processing unit in system shown in Figure 2 framework;
Fig. 4 is the building-block of logic of SNG and SDC;
Fig. 5 is the building-block of logic of SRM and SRA;
Fig. 6 is the MIMO detector performances comparison under different antennae configuration.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
The basic principle of existing real number field BP detection algorithms is as follows:In mimo systems, with its equivalent real number field mould
Type builds corresponding factor graph, converts plural domain operation to real number domain operation, realizes iterative detection based on BP.Wherein,
Emit signal and be known as " signal node ", receives signal and be known as " observer nodes ".First, each signal node is according to from variable section
The posterior information of acquisition is put to update prior information, is then transferred to all observer nodes being attached thereto.Secondly, each sight
It surveys node and posterior information is calculated according to the prior information from signal node, be then passed back to the signal node being attached thereto.
To the update of message of completion and transmittance process.After iteration several times, signal node exports Soft Inform ation, for estimating
Meter transmitting symbol.
The thinking of the present invention is to be combined random calculate with real number field BP detection algorithms, and concrete scheme is as follows:
Before BP iteration starts, normalizing quantification treatment first is carried out to all certainty variables, is located at the model of [- 1,1]
In enclosing, the random bit stream of qualitative variable tape symbol indicates really after then quantifying each normalizing;In BP iterative process, lead to
Cross the random update and transmission for calculating and completing message;After the completion of BP iteration, the random bit stream that iteration exports is converted to really
Qualitative variable, as output Soft Inform ation.
In order to further decrease the complexity of algorithm realization, the present invention is realized preferably by simple logic circuit, is had
Body is as follows:The random number generator (SNG) constituted using a pseudo-random number generator and a comparator, by certainty number
Value is converted to random bit stream;It is constituted using a controllable forward-backward counter and one group of shift register random to determination
Random bit stream is converted to certainty numerical value by converter (SDC);It is constituted using an XOR gate and an AND gate random
Real add musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass (SRA) realization random bit stream adds operation;Utilize one group of XNOR, XOR, OR, AND gate and alternative data
The random real multipliers (SRM) that selector is constituted realize the multiplication of random bit stream.In addition, by introducing suitable system
Number, random real number trigger (SRD) can be used a JK flip-flop and carry out approximate realization, to further decrease implementation complexity.
In random calculate, the length of random data stream is longer, and performance is introduced closer to certainty operation
System delay is also bigger.The length L=2 of random bit stream is found by largely emulating12, system performance is optimal.In addition, in order to
It avoids the disappearance of bit stream randomness and causes deadlock situation, further timing comparing is special in the renewal process of message by the present invention
Stream carries out randomization again, so as to improve the performance of random detection.In random calculating design, summation operation is only with one
A SRA is realized in pipelined fashion, to reduce hardware consumption.The information updating of signal node and observer nodes is adopted respectively
Existing, reduction system delay is tried with parallel mode.
For the ease of public understanding, to carry out specifically technical scheme of the present invention below by a preferred embodiment
It is bright.
Following explanation is done first:Determining scalar value is indicated with x, corresponding random bit stream xsCarry out table
Show;Determining variable or matrix indicates that corresponding random bit stream is expressed as x with xs.Fixed point determines that value is accorded with 1bit
Number position, k bits data bit indicate that the length of corresponding random bit stream is L=2k.It is false in extensive mimo system
It is M to determine transmitting antenna number, and reception antenna number is N.Transmitting signal has carried out quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and constellation sizes are |
| Θ | |=Q.In equivalent real number system, emit signal x=[x1,x2,...,x2M], channel matrix H2N×2M, receive signal r
=[r1,r2,...,r2N].Iterations when judgement output are I.
Fig. 1 shows the factor graph based on real number field, and which depict signal nodes during BP iterative detections and observation to save
Message transmission between point.For 4-QAM, in the l times iteration, the prior information of signal node isObservation
The posteriority message of node isBP iterative detection processes are as follows:
1) information updating of observer nodes:
Wherein,
2) information updating of signal node:
3) output judgement:
Fig. 2 shows a kind of hardware realization frame of extensive MIMO detection devices (hereinafter random detection device) of the invention
Structure.The detection device can concurrently detect M complex-valued symbol.The small character of each subprocessing unit (PE) bottom indicates parallel fortune
The number of unit calculated.Structure in dash box actually same module, is worked in a manner of time-sharing multiplex.
Wherein, the logical construction of each subprocessing unit is as shown in Figure 3.In Fig. 3, SNG (stochastic number
Generator) it is tandom number generator;SDC (stochastic digital convertor) is that random bit flows to determination
Property number converter.In the present embodiment, the logical construction of SNG and SDC are as shown in Figure 4.Wherein, | | the operation that takes absolute value is represented,
LFSR (linear feedback shift register) is linear feedback shift register, for generating pseudo random number.SRA
(stochastic real adder) is random real add musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass, and SRM (stochastic real multiplier) is random
Real multipliers.- X represents the bit reversal operation of sign bit;RR is again randomization operation;Sign representatives take sign bit;
Counter is the forward-backward counter of belt controling signal.It is assumed that the input random bit stream of SRA, SRM are xsAnd ys, export random ratio
Spy's stream is zs, the truth table of SRA is as shown in table 1.Wherein c (zs(t)) carry that adder can be regarded as, to improve random addition
The accuracy of operation.It follows that the logical construction of SRM and SRA is as shown in Figure 5.
The truth table of table 1.SRA
In conjunction with Fig. 2, operating procedure of the invention is as follows:
1) it initializes:Certainty variable r, H andNormalizing quantification treatment is carried out, and random bit stream is converted to through SNG.
To there is the 13bits binary forms of symbol certainty numerical value A ∈ [- 1,1] to be shown as address, D ∈ (0,1) are data, build size
For the DSB data store block of 8K, the correspondence of wherein D and A are as follows:
2) information updating of observer nodes:Formula (8) passes through inlet coefficient in the moleculeIt is approximately removed to realize
Method operation.4NM PE1~PE2 is according to formula (7) parallel computation E { xsAnd Var { xs}.PE3~PE6 completes formula (2) (3)
Parallel computation obtains random bit stream μsWithFinally, the operation of 4MN PE7 Parallel Implementations formula (8), update posteriority letter
Cease bit stream βs。
3) information updating of signal node:2M PE8 executes the operation of formula (5) parallel, more with parallel pipeline mode
New prior information bit stream αs, and obtain output Soft Inform ation γs。
4) 4MN SDC parallel modules are by random bit stream αsIt is converted into certainty numerical value α, and as address wire, is visited
It asks DSB data store block, obtains prior probability P, random bit stream P is converted into using SNGs。
5) step 2)~4 are repeated), until completing I iteration.
6) judgement output:2M PE9 parallel modules complete the operation of formula (5), obtain final detected value
In order to verify effect of the present invention, the returning random detection device and the existing fixed point of the present invention under different antennae configuration
The performance of one change certainty detector has carried out experimental comparison.Cycle-index is set for the normalization certainty detector of fixed point
For I=7.For the random detection device of the present invention, cycle-index I=11, random bit stream length is L=211.For 8 × 8,
16 × 16,32 × 32 mimo system, is modulated using 4-QAM, and BER performance comparisons are as shown in Figure 6.When same day line gauge mould is smaller
(8 × 8), random detection device compare certainty detector, and BER performance loss is larger.However, the performance of random detection device is with day
The increase of line gauge mould and constantly improve, and move closer to certainty detector.For 32 × 32 mimo system, random detection device
Performance slightly be better than certainty detector.This big system action is consistent with the theory analysis of extensive mimo system.Therefore, originally
The MIMO detection devices that invention proposes are suitable for extensive mimo system.
It is assumed that system clock cycle is Ts, the access delay of data storage is nTs, ignore the delay of combinational logic gate.It is right
It in the mimo system of M × N, is modulated using 4-QAM, the hardware consumption of the random detection device of proposition is as shown in table 2.Wherein, CMP,
CNT and SWT respectively represents comparator, counter and switch element.As shown in Table 2, the random detection device is mainly by register, base
This gate circuit and memory are constituted.When M (N) is fixed, the hardware consumption and system delay of random detection device are only with the increasing of N (M)
Add and linearly increases.Therefore, which is suitable for the hardware realization of extensive MIMO detections.
The hardware consumption and system delay of 2. random detection device of table
Compared with existing extensive MIMO detectors, main contributions of the invention are:By the BP iterative detections of real number field
Algorithm is combined with random calculating, considers parallel pipeline processing, and efficient big rule are realized with simple logical construction
Mould MIMO detectors.In the case where ensureing to detect consistent performance with certainty, complexity is reduced, hardware implementation efficiency is improved.
In addition, the performance of the random detection device is further improved with the increase of antenna scale.Meanwhile hardware consumption and system
Delay is only linearly increased with the increase of antenna number, can be suitable for the hardware realization of extensive MIMO detectors.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of extensive MIMO detection method carries out MIMO letters using under real number field based on confidence spread BP iterative algorithms
Number detection;It is characterized in that, before BP iteration starts, normalizing quantification treatment first is carried out to all certainty variables, makes its position
In the range of [- 1,1], the random bit stream of qualitative variable tape symbol indicates really after then quantifying each normalizing;In BP
In iterative process, the update and transmission of message are completed by calculating at random;After the completion of BP iteration, by the random ratio of iteration output
Spy's circulation is changed to certainty variable, as output Soft Inform ation.
2. extensive MIMO detection method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the length of the random bit stream of the tape symbol
Degree is 212。
3. extensive MIMO detection method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in BP iterative process, periodically to random
Bit stream carries out randomization again.
4. the extensive MIMO detection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that utilize a pseudo random number
Certainty numerical value conversion is random bit stream by the random number generator that generator and a comparator are constituted;Utilize one
Controllable forward-backward counter and one group of shift register are constituted random to converter is determined, random bit stream is converted to really
Qualitative numerical value;Realize that adding for random bit stream transports using the random real add musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass that an XOR gate and an AND gate are constituted
It calculates;The random real multipliers constituted using one group of XNOR, XOR, OR, AND gate and alternative data selector realize with
The multiplication of machine bit stream.
5. extensive MIMO detection method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that realized in the way of calculating at random parallel
The update of message.
6. a kind of extensive MIMO detection devices carry out MIMO letters using under real number field based on confidence spread BP iterative algorithms
Number detection;It is characterized in that, the device includes:
Normalizing quantifying unit, for before BP iteration starts, first carrying out normalizing quantification treatment to all certainty variables, making its position
In the range of [- 1,1];
Random number generation unit, for the random bit stream of qualitative variable tape symbol to indicate really after quantifying each normalizing;
Random computing unit, in BP iterative process, the update and transmission of message to be completed by calculating at random;
It is random to be used for after the completion of BP iteration to converting unit is determined, the random bit stream that iteration exports is converted into certainty
Variable, as output Soft Inform ation.
7. extensive MIMO detection devices as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the length of the random bit stream of the tape symbol
Degree is 212。
8. extensive MIMO detection devices as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that further include again randomization unit,
For in BP iterative process, periodically carrying out randomization again to random bit stream.
9. the extensive MIMO detection devices as described in any one of claim 6~8, which is characterized in that the generating random number list
Member includes the random number generator being made of a pseudo-random number generator and a comparator, for turning certainty numerical value
It is changed to random bit stream;Described includes at random by a controllable forward-backward counter and one group of shift LD to determining converting unit
Device is constituted random to converter is determined, for random bit stream to be converted to certainty numerical value;The random computing unit
Including random real add musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass and random real multipliers, random real add musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass is made of an XOR gate and an AND gate,
Random real multipliers are made of one group of XNOR, XOR, OR, AND gate and alternative data selector.
10. extensive MIMO detection devices as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that random computing unit utilizes parallel random
The mode of calculating realizes the update of message.
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CN107425889B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2020-11-20 | 东南大学 | Combined processing method for receiving end baseband signals of 5G communication system |
CN107888537B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2021-07-30 | 南京大学 | Signal detection method for improving system complexity in large-scale antenna system |
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