CN105515119B - A kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack - Google Patents
A kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN105515119B CN105515119B CN201610046404.3A CN201610046404A CN105515119B CN 105515119 B CN105515119 B CN 105515119B CN 201610046404 A CN201610046404 A CN 201610046404A CN 105515119 B CN105515119 B CN 105515119B
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- battery pack
- battery
- switch
- control unit
- electric motor
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000012839 conversion disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H02J7/0026—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
Landscapes
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack, the each battery change-over switch in parallel being included in the battery pack of series connection, change-over switch connection can monitor battery whether in overcharge, cross put, superheat state and the battery pack control unit for sending out respective drive signal, wherein change-over switch use electric motor type relay.Existing battery management system is all based on shunting principle, is not appropriate for the use condition that battery cell differs greatly;Easily accelerate cell degradation when balanced Matching is bad.A kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack provided by the present invention; using electric motor type relay as change-over switch; have many advantages, such as that impact resistance electric current is big, it is high, low in energy consumption, small, of low cost to adapt to high-power use environment, reliability; lithium battery charge and discharge protective strategy can be simplified; the unfavorable conditions for overcoming battery cell difference big extends battery pack service life.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium battery charge and discharge protective technical fields, and in particular to a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack.
Background technology
At present, electric vehicle causes the attention of more and more countries with its unique energy-saving and environment-friendly advantage, carries out
A large amount of correlative study and development.Small, light weight that wherein dynamic lithium battery power supply has with it, energy density
Greatly, memory-less effect, service life are long, use scope is wide, the high advantages such as low with self-discharge rate of operating voltage are formed as main galvanic electricity
Power source technology.However dynamic lithium battery power supply is to be composed of multiple lithium batteries by modes such as series, parallel;
In battery pack, what the difference between monomer was constantly present, thereby result in some unfavorable factors.By taking capacity as an example, otherness is
Gradually deteriorate.Similary electric current is flowed through in group, in contrast, the big person of capacity be always at low current it is shallow fill it is shallow put, capacity attenuation
It is relatively slow;And the small person of capacity is always at high current super-charge super-discharge, capacity attenuation is accelerated, and performance parameter difference is more and more between the two
Greatly, as a result low capacity premature failure organizes the lost of life.Even if battery capacity is consistent in group, but in being caused due to factors such as techniques
It hinders inconsistent so that monomer voltage variation is also inconsistent in charge and discharge process, influences battery life.For this purpose, power lithium cell electric
Source control becomes the important key problem in technology point in one, electric vehicle field.
Normally, dynamic lithium battery is used in series in groups, connects again between multigroup and parallel connection forms battery pack.Battery pack is filled
If reaching setting value (such as 4.2V) there are one battery charging voltage when electric, that is, charge circuit is cut off to avoid overcharge.In this way
It often resulting in " wooden pail effect ", battery pack total electricity is limited by some single battery, and a single battery can only be full of by charging,
Entire battery pack is discontented with, and battery power discharge capacity is caused to become smaller.Equally, it is needed if when battery power discharge has monomer to reach setting value
Discharge loop is cut off to avoid overdischarge, further reduces battery power discharge capacity.People use some charge and discharge balancings thus
Technology attempts to improve this problem.One obvious measure is respectively to increase a shunting device to every battery to be divided
Stream.Such as each battery switch mosfet in parallel, when overcharge passes through bypass resistance, capacitance shunts etc..But these are only suitable
Small-power occasion is closed, effect is not obvious under the conditions of high-power, and can bring the relevant issues such as fever, uncontrollable.Mesh
Preceding people begin to focus on a kind of energy conversion type balancing technique that can be applied under the conditions of high-power, i.e., using flyback converter as
Intermediary, when single battery overcharges, being gone in this battery extra energy back to entire battery pack;It crosses and puts when single battery
When, from lithium battery group is whole supplement electricity is carried out to single battery.Due to become pressure converter coaxial coil there are certain energy
Loss, causes equalization efficiency to reduce, while also results in that equalizing circuit volume is big, and coil windings are more difficult to control, and circuit cost is higher
The problems such as.
Above-mentioned balancing technique is all based on shunting principle, for deviateing under the premise of the performance loop for not turning off battery
The single battery in most sections either carries out shunting Reduction of Students' Study Load or carries out confluence supplement.Its main problem be it is powerful shunting,
Confluence effect is not easy to realize, and still need to continuous firing when single battery is in overcharge, overdischarge, once Balance route is arranged
Cell degradation can be accelerated when matching bad by applying;It simultaneously also can not be simply with new battery replacement used batteries.
The balanced method of cutout may be used, i.e., to one list of each cell parallel in the shortcomings that overcoming loading sharing
Double-pole double throw switch (mechanical contact or electronic power parts), i.e. change-over switch will be electric when overcharge, overdischarge occurs in battery
Pond individually bypasses disconnection, and battery is avoided excessively to use, while mitigates the influence of wooden pail effect, is convenient for changing new battery.The method
Although simple, power battery is often applied to high-power, high current occasion, causes technically to be not easy to realize.If this switch is used
MOSFET, IGBT power tube realize that then cost increases, and easily occur in high current overheating etc. rough sledding and low pressure with
The problem of quarantine measures of high-pressure section are complicated.According to electromagnetic type relay scheme, then electromagnetic drive integrity problem is difficult to
It solves, reduces safety.Conventional electromagnetic type relay, it is all electricity to drive relay contact closure and the driving mechanism of disconnection
Magnetic coil, it is that contact force is inadequate that burning contact and indescribable trip phenomenon, basic reason are had in high-power use
Caused by big.Due to these limiting factors, the balanced method that stops is practical in engineering can not also to be applied.
Invention content
For defect in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack.
The device can realize overcharging, crossing the protection for putting abnormality for battery cell in a manner of relatively simple, economical, so as to change
Kind battery pack using capacity and extend the service life of battery pack, and with high reliability.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack, is included in
Each battery change-over switch in parallel in the battery pack of series connection, the change-over switch connection, which can monitor the battery, is
It is no in overcharge, cross put, superheat state and the battery pack control unit for sending out respective drive signal, wherein the change-over switch is adopted
With electric motor type relay.
Further, the battery switch of one connection battery pack control unit of battery pack series connection, the battery
Group switch is using electric motor type relay.
Further, the electric motor type relay adds turbine worm reducer structure including micromachine.
Further, the change-over switch is conversion hysteria, the electric motor type relay of use include by a movable contact with
The single-pole double throw mechanical switch that two stationary contacts are formed, the single-pole double throw mechanical switch include normally closed and conversion two states.
Further, the battery switch is open type, and the electric motor type relay of use is included by a movable contact
The single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch formed with a stationary contact, the single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch include normally opened and are closed two kinds of shapes
State.
Further, each electric motor type relay connects the battery pack control by dedicated relay drive circuit
Unit processed simultaneously obtains the drive signal that the battery pack control unit is sent out.
Further, the battery pack control unit is connected with upper management unit.
Further, the battery pack control unit is connected by CAN communication bus with upper management unit.
Further, the electric motor type relay obtains power supply by the battery pack.
Further, the battery pack control unit obtains power supply by the battery pack.
Beneficial effects of the present invention have the following:
1. complying with the requirement that dynamic lithium battery group power management further becomes more meticulous, the mistake of battery cell is preferably realized
Fill, cross and put, overheat the protection of abnormality, improve battery pack using capacity and extend the service life of battery pack;
2. power-supply management system realizes the target of charge and discharge balancing in a manner of relatively simple, it is provided simultaneously with adapting to big work(
The advantages of rate use environment, high reliability, electric motor type relay impact resistance electric current is big, can reach 60 times of Calibrated current with
On, it can be worked normally under strong stationary magnetic field, significantly improve traditional relay and occur during open and close
Arcing, sparking or jitter phenomenon;
3. system realization scheme, which has, controls simple, lower-cost advantage, and can preferably adapt to lithium battery list
The larger use condition of body state difference;
4. electric motor type relay significantly reduces the contact resistance of mechanical switch, 0.3m Ω, and the drive needed can be less than
Streaming current is small, and power consumption is lower;There is the advantages of small, light-weight simultaneously.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of power supply management system for lithium battery pack described in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of relay drive circuit described in the specific embodiment of the invention;
In figure:1- batteries, 2- single-pole double throw mechanical switch, 3- single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch, 4- change-over switches, 5- relays
Driving circuit, 6- battery pack control units, 7-CAN communication bus, 8- battery switch.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack, including giving each battery 1 being connected in battery pack
(anode and cathode terminals) change-over switch 4 being made of electric motor type relay all in parallel, electric motor type used by change-over switch 4
Relay includes the single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2 being made of a movable contact and two stationary contacts, and single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2 wraps
Including normally closed and conversion two states, (in Fig. 1, each battery is both provided with a single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2, the electricity in battery pack
Pond quantity is 4, merely illustrative).
One battery switch 8 connected with battery pack of setting is further included, battery switch 8 equally uses electric motor type relay
Device, electric motor type relay includes the single-pole single-throw(SPST being made of a movable contact and a stationary contact used by battery switch 8
Mechanical switch 3, single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch 3 include normally opened and are closed two states.
Further include the battery pack control of the state of an each battery 1 that can be monitored in battery pack and entire battery pack
(battery pack control unit 6 monitors battery 1 to unit 6 by the voltage detection end being connected on each battery 1 and temperature sensing end
State, whether overcharged including battery, cross and put, overheat), the electric motor type relay of change-over switch 4 and battery switch 8 leads to
It crosses respective dedicated relay drive circuit 5 with battery pack control unit 6 to be connected, battery pack control unit 6 can pass through relay
The electric motor type relay of device driving circuit 5 to change-over switch 4 and battery switch 8 sends out corresponding drive signal, turns to adjust
Change the state of switch 4 and battery switch 8, the abnormality that reply battery and battery pack occur.When battery pack control unit 6
Detect some battery 1 be in overcharge, cross when putting, overheating abnormality can be by the change-over switch 4 of the cell parallel
Send drive signal, the single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2 of control change-over switch 4 changes connection status, will occur abnormal battery from
Serial array (battery pack) transfer picks out, so as to protect the work safety of battery.When battery pack control unit 6 detects battery
Group can send drive signal, control when unusual conditions in overcurrent overheat by the battery switch 8 connected to battery pack
Battery switch 8 changes the connection status of single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch 3, breaking circuit, so as to protect the work safety of battery pack.
The driving device of the electric motor type relay of change-over switch 4 and battery switch 8 adds turbine snail for micro-step motor
Bar deceleration mechanism.Electric motor type relay is by mechanical reduction transmission mechanism the convert rotational motion of DC micromotor into contact
Linear uniform motion.Reduction gearing mechanism increases the contact of contact although sacrificing movement velocity, eliminates tactile
Point rebound phenomenon;Its mechanical self-latching structure can keep its contact force to stablize simultaneously.Electric motor type relay belong to self-sustaining after
Electric appliance only need to use positive and negative DC pulse field application relay motor, can complete the state conversion of relay folding, need not continue to
It is powered with regard to the state of relay can be maintained constant.
Battery pack control unit 6 is connected by CAN communication bus 7 with upper management unit, transmission and the electricity in battery pack
The status informations such as the relevant voltage in pond, temperature.
The signal driving power of the electric motor type relay of change-over switch 4 and battery switch 8 and battery pack control unit 6
DC power supply carries out DC-DC by battery pack output terminal and is converted to.In the present embodiment, battery pack control unit 6 is+5V direct currents
Power supply, electric motor type relay are+12V DC power supply
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the relay drive circuit of the electric motor type relay described in the embodiment of the present invention.This implementation
Example selects two PNP triodes and two NPN triode composition relay drive circuits, and device, SA are protected using capacitance C1
The control terminal of electric motor type relay is connected with SB, DA and DB are directly connect with the output signal end of MCU.When need to make electric motor type after
When electric appliance is in transition status, the DA ends of control unit output signal is only needed to put height, DB ends are set low, and this state is maintained
100ms;And when needing that electric motor type relay is made to reset in normally off, only need the DA ends of control unit output signal
It sets low, DB puts at end height, and maintains 100ms;DA, DB end of battery pack control unit output signal are all put when need not change state
It is low.
Finally, the practical application of a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack provided is provided.
After battery pack charging starts, the single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2 of all change-over switches 4 is in normally off, battery
The single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch 3 of group switch 8 is in closed state, and all batteries 1 in battery pack are together in series charging;When certain
When a single battery is full of, while battery pack control unit 6 monitors that the single battery is full of signal, an order is sent out
(drive signal) makes the single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2 of change-over switch 4 corresponding with the single battery jump to transition status,
The fully charged single battery is removed into charge circuit, other batteries continue to charge.When there is single battery to be full of again, weigh successively
This multiple action, until all batteries 1 are each filled with or charging current is more than preset value, the management of 6 superior of battery pack control unit is single
Member sends out status signal, disconnects the single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch 3 of battery switch 8, stops charging;Subsequent battery pack control unit
6 output drive signals make all single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2 reset and (return to normally off), by each monomer electricity in battery pack
Pond 1 is together in series, and is ready for battery power discharge.When hereafter detecting that charge circuit disconnects, battery pack control unit 6 is to electricity
Pond group switchs 8 output drive signals, is closed single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch 3, by battery pack unicom.
After battery power discharge starts, if battery pack control unit 6 detects that some single battery is in over-discharge state
When, that is, control the corresponding change-over switch 4 of the single battery that corresponding single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2 is made to jump to transition status,
The single battery of the over-discharge state is removed into discharge loop;Be repeated in this action, until all battery discharges finish or electricity
Pond group output voltage is less than setting value, and 6 superior administrative unit of battery pack control unit sends out status signal, while output driving
Signal makes all single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2 jump to transition status, stops electric discharge.When hereafter detecting that discharge loop disconnects,
6 output drive signal of battery pack control unit makes all single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2 return to normally off, will be each in battery pack
A single battery is together in series, and is ready for battery pack charging.
In charge and discharge process, if battery pack control unit 6 detects that battery pack is in over-current state, i.e. control disconnects
Battery switch 8 disconnects single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch 3;If battery pack control unit 6 detects the heat alarm of some battery,
The corresponding change-over switch 4 of the battery is controlled to make to jump to conversion with the corresponding single-pole double throw mechanical switch 2 of the single battery
Corresponding single battery is removed circuit by state;Superior administrative unit sends out status signal simultaneously.By these modes, increase
The functional reliability of strong battery pack.
Device of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described in specific embodiment, those skilled in the art according to
Technical scheme of the present invention obtains other embodiments, also belongs to the technological innovation scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack is included in one in parallel of each battery (1) in the battery pack of series connection and turns
Change switch (4), change-over switch (4) connection can monitor the battery (1) whether in overcharge, cross put, superheat state simultaneously
The battery pack control unit (6) of respective drive signal is sent out, it is characterized in that:The change-over switch (4) is using electric motor type relay;
The electric motor type relay adds turbine worm reducer structure including micromachine;The change-over switch (4) is conversion hysteria, use
The electric motor type relay includes the single-pole double throw mechanical switch (2) being made of a movable contact and two stationary contacts, the list
Dpdt double-pole double-throw (DPDT) mechanical switch (2) includes normally closed and conversion two states;
The battery switch (8) of one connection battery pack control unit (6) of battery pack series connection, the battery switch
(8) using electric motor type relay;
The battery switch (8) is open type, and the electric motor type relay of use is comprising quiet by a movable contact and one
The single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch (3) that contact is formed, the single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch (3) include normally opened and closure two states;
The battery pack control unit (6) connects with upper management unit;
After battery pack charging starts, the single-pole double throw mechanical switch (2) of all change-over switches (4) is in normal
Closed state, the single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch (3) of the battery switch (8), will be in the battery packs in closed state
The whole battery (1) be together in series charging;When some described battery (1) full of when, the battery pack control unit (6) hair
Go out an order, open the single-pole double throw machinery of the corresponding change-over switch (4) of the battery being full of with this (1)
It closes (2) and jumps to transition status, which is removed into charge circuit, other described batteries (1) continue to fill
Electricity;When have again the battery (1) full of when, this action is repeated in, until all batteries (1) are each filled with or charging current
More than preset value, the battery pack control unit (6) sends out status signal to the upper management unit, disconnects the battery pack
The single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch (3) of (8) is switched, stops charging;Then battery pack control unit (6) the output driving letter
Number all single-pole double throw mechanical switch (2) is made to return to normally off, each battery (1) in the battery pack is gone here and there
Connection gets up, and is ready for the battery power discharge;When hereafter detecting that charge circuit disconnects, the battery pack control unit
(6) to the battery switch (8) output drive signal, it is closed the single-pole single-throw(SPST mechanical switch (3), by the battery pack
Unicom;
After the battery power discharge starts, if the battery pack control unit (6) detects that some described battery (1) was in
During discharge condition, that is, the corresponding change-over switch (4) of battery (1) is controlled to make the corresponding single-pole double throw machinery
Switch (2) jumps to transition status, and the battery (1) of the over-discharge state is removed discharge loop;This action is repeated in,
Until all battery (1) discharge offs or the battery pack output voltage are less than setting value, the battery pack control unit
(6) status signal is sent out to the upper management unit, while output drive signal makes all single-pole double throw mechanical switch
(2) transition status is jumped to, stops electric discharge;When hereafter detecting that discharge loop disconnects, battery pack control unit (6) output
Drive signal makes all single-pole double throw mechanical switch (2) return to normally off, by each electricity in the battery pack
Pond (1) is together in series, and is ready for battery pack charging.
2. a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The electric motor type relay includes
Micromachine adds turbine worm reducer structure.
3. a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:Each electric motor type relay
The battery pack control unit (6) is connected by dedicated relay drive circuit (5) and obtains the battery pack and controls list
The drive signal that first (6) are sent out.
4. a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The battery pack control unit
(6) it is connected by CAN communication bus (7) with upper management unit.
5. a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The electric motor type relay passes through
The battery pack obtains power supply.
6. a kind of power supply management system for lithium battery pack as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that:The battery pack control unit
(6) power supply is obtained by the battery pack.
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CN105978106B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-01-25 | 卓尔悦欧洲控股有限公司 | The equalization charging circuit and its device of series-connected cell |
CN106410892A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2017-02-15 | 东软集团股份有限公司 | Battery protection method, device and system |
CN106655105A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-10 | 河南新太行电源股份有限公司 | Anti-overcharge protection apparatus for storage battery |
CN109713748A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-03 | 中南新能源技术研究院(南京)有限公司 | New energy battery structure |
CN110212259B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-03-02 | 深圳市雄韬电源科技股份有限公司 | Power supply control circuit, forklift power supply circuit and forklift |
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CN103647316B (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2016-01-06 | 深圳市雅格朗电子有限公司 | A kind of serial lithium battery group power supply equalization management system |
CN205489623U (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-08-17 | 李志刚 | Power supply management system for lithium battery pack |
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