CN105510954A - Method for measuring soil radioactive intensity - Google Patents
Method for measuring soil radioactive intensity Download PDFInfo
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- CN105510954A CN105510954A CN201510823781.9A CN201510823781A CN105510954A CN 105510954 A CN105510954 A CN 105510954A CN 201510823781 A CN201510823781 A CN 201510823781A CN 105510954 A CN105510954 A CN 105510954A
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- soil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/18—Measuring radiation intensity with counting-tube arrangements, e.g. with Geiger counters
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring soil radioactive intensity and belongs to the technical field of environmental pollution detection. The invention discloses a soil slab forming solution comprising following compositions: 1000ml of de-ionized water, 0.1g to 1.0g of glycerine, 0.1g to 0.5g of PEG400, 0.1g to 0.5g of sodium carbonate. The invention discloses the method for measuring soil radioactive intensity with the soil slab forming solution. By use of the measuring method, convenient, fast and accurate measurement of the radioactive intensity of a polluted soil is realized; compared with existing methods, the measuring method can reflect the radioactive pollution intensity level of surface soil in a certain depth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental pollution monitoring technical field, what be specifically related to is a kind of measuring method of soil radioactivity intensity.
Background technology
China is a nuclear power, and the research of radioactivity protection and detection technique is of great significance at China's tool.For the detect delay of environmental activity, China carries out very early, radioactive detection methods for environmental samples such as water, bed mud and soil compares deep research, define total α of comparative maturity, the detection method of Total Beta Radioactivity, some instrument manufacturer facility man is also proposed a series of radiac successively, as alpha activity measuring instrument and Low background β measuring instrument etc.Gamma-ray spectrometey is then just start in the phase early 1950s gamma activity surveying instrument that grows up.
Since 20 beginnings of the century, along with nuclear technology is in the widespread use in each fields such as military affairs, industrial or agricultural, medical treatment, geology and scientific research, increasing radioactive nuclide enters into soil environment, causes day by day serious radioactive contamination of soil.
Mainly adopt the radioactivity in the environmental samples such as technical Analysis soil such as radiochemical method, plasma mass spectrograph (ICP-MS), Portable X-gamma dose rate instrument, high-resolution semiconductor gamma energy spectrometer, NaI (T1) gamma energy spectrometer and HPGe-gamma energy spectrometer at present.As the uranium in soil, thorium measure and can adopt extration resin extraction spectrophotometric method, adopt high-resolution semiconductor or NaI (T1) gamma spectrum analytical approach then can measure (GB11743-11789) the radioactive nuclide specific activity of environmental sample.The gamma dose rate result that above-mentioned nucleic activity measurement result and radiation detectors such as adopting Portable X-gamma dose rate instrument obtain is compared, the effect can play mutual confirmation, mutually supplementing, with be used alone compared with wherein a kind of method is monitored, more preferably monitoring effect can be obtained.As China once utilized semiconductor gamma energy spectrometer and NaI (T1) gamma energy spectrometer to analyze natural and artificial radionuclide in the soil of nearly 2000 sampled points in 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, 322 areas
137the level of Cs and distribution, and carried out energy spectrum analysis and data processing with computing machine, estimate the external dose of resident caused by Radionuclides in Soil and the share of the external dose contribution of various nucleic on this basis.
The methods such as ground gamma activity measurement, the measurement of soil uranium metal measurement amount, ground vapour (uranium), metal (uranium) active phase measurement, earth gaseous water uranium survey, accumulating charcoal absorption radon measurement and instantaneous active carbon adsorption radon measurement can be adopted in the wild in uranium exploration.Wherein ground gamma activity measures the portable γ measuring instrument of main employing or gamma energy spectrometer; by on foot or vehicle load measurement surface rock and soil, ore Radionuclide to decay the gamma intensity of release; searching nucleic exception or reflectivity increase location, so as to finding uranium deposit.
In these measuring methods, radiochemistry measuring method measuring accuracy is higher, but length consuming time, measuring process is many, and technical requirement is high, is difficult to measure the radioactivity by multiple not clear kind nucleic contaminated soil; Using plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) is although also can obtain higher measuring accuracy, but need through clearing up wait comparatively complexity pre-treatment step, also need preparing standard solution, need first to determine that polluting nucleic could measure for polluting the not clear situation of nucleic, and instrument costly, measurement expense is also higher; Adopt gamma energy spectrometer, higher measuring accuracy can be obtained, measure consuming time few, more easily can measure and pollute the not clear soil of nucleic, but same because instrument costly, is difficult to popularize.The relatively cheap portable surface radioactive contamination detector of price generally adopts Geiger-Miller (G-M) detector and the two sudden strain of a muscle complex detectors of zinc sulphide plastics etc. to measure α, β or gamma-rays.Novel surface radioactive contamination detector generally adopts LCD digital indicator, reading is directly perceived, measurement result can be preserved (detect the data unit of display and mainly contain cpm, cps, mR/h and μ Sv/h etc.), and adopts common batteries can power to the instrument long period.Portable novel surface contamination detection instrument generally adopts Single-chip Controlling, controlling functions is constantly strengthened, can be used for multiple occasion, the surperficial radioactive contamination of several samples detects fast, after release, thus obtain extensive approval and the employing of domestic and international radiocontamination environment measuring worker.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in view of existing soil radioactivity intensity detection is time-consuming, expensive and be difficult to problems such as popularizing, adopt cheap portable surface pollution detection instrument, convenient, the Measurement accuracy to radioactive intensity in contaminated soil can be realized.Existing employing Portable X-gamma dose rate instrument or various gamma energy spectrometer mostly do not carry out pre-service to pedotheque to the technology that radioactive contamination soil detects, but directly carry out the measurement of soil table, such measurement result can only represent the pollution level measuring regional soil surface, and can not reflect the radioactive contamination level of certain depth table soil.It is reported radioactive contamination of soil degree and soils particles size percent content relation very close, namely soil particle diameter is larger, be infected with radioactivity fewer, particle diameter is greater than the grogs specific radioactivity of 2.0mm generally all close to background level (height is put except contaminated soil), therefore the invention provides a kind of measuring method of soil radioactivity intensity, the method weighs Soil Contaminated with Radionuclides, sieve process and again weigh after, carry out Soil plate sample preparation again, make measurement result more accurate, more can reflect the radioactive contamination level of certain depth table soil.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The shaping solution of a kind of Soil plate, comprises following component: in 1000ml deionized water, glycerine 0.1 ~ 1.0g, PEG4000.1 ~ 0.5g, sodium carbonate 0.1 ~ 0.5g.Concrete, in 1000ml deionized water, glycerine 0.3g, PEG4000.1g, sodium carbonate 0.2g.
The shaping solution of described Soil plate can be placed in 4 DEG C of airtight preservations of refrigerator, and storage life is 1 year.
A kind of measuring method of soil radioactivity intensity, radioactive contamination soil is comprised the steps: to put into double dish, then shaping for Soil plate dropwise is added drop-wise in described double dish, fully shake up post-drying, radioactive contamination soil after oven dry is formed without be full of cracks, without the thin uniform layer showing water, carries out radioactive intensity measurement with surperficial radioactive contamination detector to it in described double dish.
Above-mentioned measuring method, described radioactive contamination soil is the fine earth through 10 mesh sieve.
The quality of described fine earth is 10 ~ 15g.
Above-mentioned measuring method, the diameter of described double dish is 9 ~ 12cm.
Above-mentioned measuring method, the consumption of the shaping solution of described Soil plate is 20 ~ 40ml.
Above-mentioned measuring method, described oven dry carries out in an oven; The temperature of described oven dry is 40 ~ 60 DEG C, and the time is 2 ~ 4h.
Above-mentioned measuring method, mensuration be α, β or the gamma activity intensity of described radioactive contamination soil.
Described surperficial radioactive contamination detector is the surperficial radioactive contamination detector adopting the surperficial radioactive contamination detector of Geiger-Miller (G-M) detector or adopt the two sudden strain of a muscle complex detector of zinc sulphide plastics.
Glycerine has another name called glycerine, a kind of colourless, odorless, nontoxic viscous oil-like liquid, can be miscible arbitrarily with water or ethanol, be sweetener conventional in food processing industry and NMF, glycerine then can be used as " soldier " of skin in daily life, can moisturizing, prevent skin from cracking from dryness.
PEG is called polyglycol, and be the potpourri of oxirane and water polycondensation, molecular formula is with HOCH
2(CH
2oCH
2)
ncH
2oH represents, wherein n represents the average of oxyethylene group; PEG400 is colourless, nontoxic thick liquid, easily molten in water or ethanol, has the extensive compatibility with various solvent, is good solvent and solubilizer.
Sodium carbonate is soluble in water, and hydroscopicity is strong, and its hydrate chemical formula is Na
2cO
310H
2o or Na
2cO
37H
2o etc., to be conducive to stoping in drying course soil because of over-drying caused be full of cracks.
Work characteristics according to dissimilar surperficial radioactive contamination detector carries out radioactivity survey:
(1) for surperficial radioactive contamination detector types such as () JB4040 adopting Geiger-Miller (G-M) detector, in the measurements, as covered Geiger-Miller detector stereotype, surperficial radioactive contamination detector is lain on double dish and measures, then can the gamma activity of independent measurement soil sample; As opened Geiger-Miller detector stereotype, surperficial radioactive contamination detector being lain on double dish and measures, then can measure the alpha+beta+gamma activity intensity of soil sample; As opened Geiger-Miller detector stereotype, by surperficial radioactive contamination detector away from double dish (6 ~ 10cm), and just double dish central authorities are measured, then can measure the β+gamma activity intensity of soil sample, according to above-mentioned measurement result, α, β or the gamma activity intensity of single Soil Contaminated with Radionuclides or mixing Soil Contaminated with Radionuclides sample can be calculated.
(2) for surperficial radioactive contamination detector types such as () XH-3206 and JB4100 adopting the two sudden strain of a muscle complex detector of zinc sulphide plastics, in the measurements, α, beta activity can automatic distinguishing α, β particle can be measured owing to adopting a probe simultaneously, can be influenced each other and be suppressed to floor level, therefore can be carried out Quick Measurement to the α of the soil sample polluted by α or beta activity nucleic (single nucleic or multiple different nucleic) or beta activity intensity.
The present invention weighs radioactive contamination soil, sieve process and again weigh after carry out Soil plate sample preparation again, then cheap portable surface pollution detection instrument is adopted to carry out radioactive intensity measurement, can realize convenient, the Measurement accuracy to radioactive intensity in contaminated soil, comparatively existing method more can reflect the radioactive contamination level of certain depth table soil.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1
Adopt random multiple spot mixed sampling method, gather radioactive contamination pedotheque, sampling depth is 0 ~ 20cm, each some collection 0.5 ~ 1.0kg soil sample, gathers 100 points altogether, adopts cotton bag to transport laboratory back, air-dry rear mixing, remove the foreign material such as root system of plant, gravel, weigh after grinding, cross 10 orders (aperture 2.0mm) nylon soil sieve.It is in the double dish of 9.0cm that the lower fine earth 5 parts of the sieve that weighs with scale drops into diameter respectively, and dropwise drip the shaping solution of Soil plate respectively, mix, being then placed in 60 DEG C of baking ovens dries 3h, is formed without be full of cracks, without the thin uniform layer showing water in ware.The shaping solution composition of Soil plate is: glycerine 0.3g, PEG4000.1g, sodium carbonate 0.2g, deionized water 1000ml.
Detector is adopted to be the radioactivity survey that the surperficial radioactive contamination detector (JB4040 type) of Geiger-Miller (G-M) detector can carry out pedotheque.Cover Geiger-Miller detector stereotype, surperficial radioactive contamination detector is lain on double dish and measures, can the gamma activity intensity of independent measurement radioactive contamination soil sample; As opened Geiger-Miller detector stereotype, surperficial radioactive contamination detector being lain on double dish and measures, then can measure the alpha+beta+gamma activity intensity of radioactive contamination soil sample; As opened Geiger-Miller detector stereotype, by surperficial radioactive contamination detector away from double dish 10cm, and just double dish central authorities are measured, then can measure the β+gamma activity intensity of radioactive contamination soil sample, according to above-mentioned measurement result, α, β and the gamma activity intensity of radioactive contamination soil sample can be calculated.Experimental data and result (specific radioactivity of radioactive contamination pedotheque is obtained divided by soil quality before sieve by activity determination value).The results are shown in Table 1.
The specific radioactivity of table 1 radioactive contamination pedotheque
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the shaping solution of Soil plate, comprises following component: in 1000ml deionized water, glycerine 0.1 ~ 1.0g, PEG4000.1 ~ 0.5g, sodium carbonate 0.1 ~ 0.5g.
2. according to the shaping solution of the Soil plate described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the shaping solution of described Soil plate is placed in 4 DEG C of airtight preservations of refrigerator, and storage life is 1 year.
3. the measuring method of a soil radioactivity intensity, radioactive contamination soil is comprised the steps: to put into double dish, then shaping for the Soil plate described in claim 1 or 2 dropwise is added drop-wise in described double dish, fully shake up post-drying, radioactive contamination soil after oven dry is formed without be full of cracks, without the thin uniform layer showing water, carries out radioactive intensity measurement with surperficial radioactive contamination detector to it in described double dish.
4. measuring method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described radioactive contamination soil is the fine earth through 10 mesh sieve.
5. measuring method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the quality of described fine earth is 10 ~ 15g.
6. the measuring method according to any one of claim 3 ~ 5, is characterized in that, the diameter of described double dish is 9 ~ 12cm.
7. the measuring method according to any one of claim 3 ~ 6, is characterized in that, the consumption of the shaping solution of described Soil plate is 20 ~ 40ml.
8. the measuring method according to any one of claim 3 ~ 7, is characterized in that, described oven dry carries out in an oven; The temperature of described oven dry is 40 ~ 60 DEG C, and the time is 2 ~ 4h.
9. the measuring method according to any one of claim 3 ~ 8, it is characterized in that, described surperficial radioactive contamination detector is the surperficial radioactive contamination detector adopting the surperficial radioactive contamination detector of Geiger-Miller detector or adopt the two sudden strain of a muscle complex detector of zinc sulphide plastics.
10. the measuring method according to any one of claim 3 ~ 9, is characterized in that, α, β or the gamma activity intensity of what described measuring method measured is described radioactive contamination soil.
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| CN108982809A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of soil radioactivity measurement method and system |
| CN111141892A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-05-12 | 福建日新检测技术服务有限公司 | Soil radon concentration detection device for environment detection |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108008436A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-05-08 | 东华理工大学 | Alpha ray strength measurement method in soil |
| CN108982809A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of soil radioactivity measurement method and system |
| CN108982809B (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2021-05-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Soil radioactivity measuring method and system |
| CN111141892A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-05-12 | 福建日新检测技术服务有限公司 | Soil radon concentration detection device for environment detection |
| CN111141892B (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2022-06-14 | 福建日新检测技术服务有限公司 | Soil radon concentration detection device for environment detection |
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