CN105510872B - A kind of assay method of two-dimentional direction of arrival suitable for extensive mimo system - Google Patents
A kind of assay method of two-dimentional direction of arrival suitable for extensive mimo system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105510872B CN105510872B CN201610043980.2A CN201610043980A CN105510872B CN 105510872 B CN105510872 B CN 105510872B CN 201610043980 A CN201610043980 A CN 201610043980A CN 105510872 B CN105510872 B CN 105510872B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of assay method of the two-dimentional direction of arrival suitable for extensive mimo system, belong to unlimited mobile communication technology field.The present invention is based on Mx×MyTwo Dimensional Uniform squaerial array perform the following steps：The covariance matrix of reception signal is established based on reception signal, signal subspace is obtained by covariance matrix, is 4 submatrixs by antenna array partition, and obtain corresponding selection signal subspace, spin matrix is obtained, finally determines the angle of pitch and the azimuth of signal source respectively.The invention has less evaluated error under extensive MIMO scene, avoids angle and searches more and nonlinear optimization.Therefore, the present invention is high with measurement accuracy, the advantages such as data processing complexity is low, and the performance and practical value of system can be effectively improved applied to extensive MIMO scene.
Description
Technical field
It is non-using large-scale antenna array measure more particularly to one kind the invention belongs to wireless mobile telecommunication technology field
The assay method of coherent signal two dimension direction of arrival (Direction of Arrival, abbreviation DOA).
Background technology
With the development of mobile communication technology, people are increasing to the demand of communication service, to the speed of communication and
Quality requirement more and more higher.The it is proposed of forth generation GSM (4G) is big relative to 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) (3G)
The availability of frequency spectrum is improved greatly, specifically, has reached descending 1Gbps and up 500Mbps handling capacity.4G system intermediate frequency spectrums
The raising of utilization rate is primarily due to employ multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology.MIMO technology can provide more
The free degree is used to improve traffic rate and link reliability.With the increase of portfolio, traditional MIMO array gradually can not
Meet demand.In recent years, one kind is referred to as extensive multiple-input and multiple-output (Massive MIMO) antenna technology and is suggested, the skill
Art has very high spectrum efficiency.In extensive mimo system, base station configures hundreds and thousands of individual bays, while services several
Ten users.But the deployment of extensive mimo system is limited by base station space.For example carried in the 2.5GHz LTE of classics
In wave field scape, 32 spacing are disposed in the horizontal direction and occupy 1.9 meters for the array element of half-wavelength, it is this when bay is a lot
Line style layout is obviously inapplicable.So Two Dimensional Uniform rectangular array (URA) is more exposed to the favor of scientific research personnel.Extensive
In numerous characteristics possessed by mimo system, the three-dimensional beam forming technique for improving link reliability is increasingly concerned.
Implement three-dimensional beam forming technique, it is necessary first to the two-dimentional direction of arrival (DOA) of accurate estimation signal source, including azimuth and
The angle of pitch.On the other hand, in the extensive mimo system of time division duplex (TDD), DOA estimate is in terms of pilot pollution is suppressed
Also have the function that important.
Problem is determined for the direction of arrival of incoherent independent signal, in recent decades, people, which have done, largely to grind
Study carefully and propose many methods.For example, MUSIC (multiple signal classfication) method, ESPRIT
(rotational variance technique) method, based on WSF (weighted subspace fitting) method,
Method based on beam forming (beam-forming) and the method based on maximal possibility estimation (ML) etc..But the above method
In be to be proposed for one-dimensional DOA estimate mostly, it is impossible to be directly used in two dimension DOA estimate.Document " Wang A,
Liu L,Zhang J.Low complexity direction of arrival(DoA)estimation for 2D
massive MIMO systems[C],Globecom Workshops(GC Wkshps),2012IEEE.IEEE,2012:703-
707 " propose a kind of low complex degree direction of arrival estimation method based on MUSIC, although the method overcome traditional MUSIC algorithms
The drawbacks of needing two dimension angular search computation complexity very high, there is preferable performance in small-scale mimo system, but should
Method still needs one-dimensional angle searching, when disposing extensive mimo system, has higher computation complexity, real-time
It is poor, it is unfavorable for Project Realization.So low computation complexity DOA estimate algorithm of the design suitable for extensive mimo system
It is the focus of current research.
The content of the invention
The goal of the invention of the present invention is：For above-mentioned problem, there is provided one kind is applied to extensive mimo system
Incoherent signal two-dimentional direction of arrival assay method, with reach reduce data processing computation complexity, effectively improve non-
The real-time and precision of the two-dimentional direction of arrival measure of coherent.
The assay method of a kind of two-dimentional direction of arrival suitable for extensive mimo system of the present invention, based on Mx×MyTwo
Dimension uniform rectangular aerial array performs the following steps：
Step 1：The covariance matrix of reception signal is calculated based on reception signal；
Step 2：Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out to covariance matrix, based on the characteristic vector corresponding to preceding K eigenvalue of maximum
e1,e2,…eKBuild signal subspace ES=[e1,e2,...,eK], wherein K is signal source number；
Step 3：Mx×MyTwo Dimensional Uniform square-shaped array be divided into 4 submatrixs, the selection matrix J of each submatrix1、J2、
J3、J4Respectively：
Wherein J1And J2ForMatrix, J3And J4ForMatrix, M
=Mx×My；
Selection matrix J based on each submatrixqBy signal subspace ESIt is divided into 4 selection signal subspace ESq=JqES,
Wherein q=1,2,3,4；
Step 4：Selection signal subspace E is built by total least square methodS1And ES2Spin matrix ψ1, selection signal
Subspace ES3And ES4Spin matrix ψ2；
Step 5：Determine azimuth and the angle of pitch：
To spin matrix ψ1Carry out Eigenvalues Decomposition and obtain diagonal matrix Λ1, to ψ2Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out to obtain to angular moment
Battle array Λ2, to Λ1And Λ2Diagonal element carry out pairing alignment, the diagonal matrix Λ to be alignd1WithDefine ξ1,kAnd ξ2,k
Respectively Λ1WithK-th of diagonal entry, then azimuthAnd the angle of pitchRespectively： The spacing of wherein k=1,2 ..., K, u=2 π d/ λ, d between adjacent array element, λ are
Carrier wavelength.
Prior art generally there are the defects of being not suitable for two dimension angular estimation or higher computation complexity, and of the invention
First to the signal of change covariance matrix received to obtain signal subspace；Then uniform rectangular array is grouped,
Signal subspace is mapped to the selection signal subspace corresponding to each subarray；Obtained again by each selection signal subspace
Obtain the spin matrix between each subarray；The two-dimentional direction of arrival of different signal source is calculated finally by spin matrix.It is not
One-dimensional or two-dimentional angle searching need to be used, so as to the essence for significantly reducing the complexity of data processing, improving measure
Degree and actual effect rate.
Further, in order to ensure computational accuracy, in step 1, n times sampling, each sampling letter are carried out to reception signal
Number with x (n) represent, using sequence number n=1,2 ..., N, wherein x (n) is MxMy× 1 matrix, received by each bay
Reception signal puts in order formed M by the geometry of bayx×MyMatrix enters the acquisition of row matrix flattening operations；It is two-dimentional equal
The covariance matrix of the reception signal of even squaerial arrayWherein xH(n) turn for x (n) conjugation
Put.
In summary, by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention is relative to existing skill
Art has the following advantages that：Angle searching need not be carried out, there is relatively low computation complexity and real-time；Take full advantage of all
The information of array element, further increase the precision of estimation；The estimation performance of the present invention increases and improved with bay number, suitable
For extensive mimo system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the antenna arrays schematic diagram of embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the sub-array partition schematic diagram of embodiment；
Fig. 3 is that azimuth evaluated error is illustrated to be intended to antenna number variation track obtained by embodiment simulation run；
Fig. 4 is that angle of pitch evaluated error is illustrated to be intended to antenna number variation track obtained by embodiment simulation run；
Fig. 5 is that azimuth evaluated error is intended to signal to noise ratio variation track obtained by embodiment simulation run；
Fig. 6 is that angle of pitch evaluated error is intended to signal to noise ratio variation track obtained by embodiment simulation run.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, to this hair
It is bright to be described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The present invention is used for M as shown in Figure 1x×MyTwo Dimensional Uniform squaerial array two-dimentional direction of arrival measure side
Method.M=100 bay is shared in Fig. 1, has M in x-axis directionx=10 rows, there is M in y-axis directiony=10 row.Signal wavelength lambda
For 0.375m, the spacing of adjacent array element is d=λ/2=0.1875m, i.e., is half of load in the spacing of each adjacent array element in x-axis direction
Ripple wavelength, in y-axis direction, the spacing of each adjacent array element is half of carrier wavelength.Have K=2 arrowband incoherent in the present embodiment with
Different directions incide the number K=2 of this aerial array, i.e. signal source, wherein the azimuth of first incoming signal and pitching
Angle is respectively 20 ° and 40 °；The azimuth of second incoming signal and the angle of pitch are respectively 60 ° and 45 °, the noise in each array element
For additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), and noise is uncorrelated to signal, and signal source is binary phase modulation (BPSK) signal.
In t, antenna array receiver to data vector (reception signal) can be expressed as：
Wherein, x (t) is 100 × 1 matrixes, and the reception signal for first being received each bay is by the several of bay
What arrangement is suitable to be ranked up 10 × 10 formed matrixes, then enters row matrix flattening operations to 10 × 10 matrix and obtain 100 × 1
The x (t) of matrix；sk(t) it is k-th of signal source, k=1,2, n (t) is independent white Gaussian noise, a (θk(t),φk(t)) it is phase
For the array manifold vector to k-th of signal, its element definition is：
[a(θk(t),φk(t))]m=exp (iu sin (φk(t))[(mx-1)cos(θk(t))+(my-1)sin(θk
(t))])
Wherein m=(my-1)Mx+mx,mx=1,2...Mx,my=1,2...My, θkAnd φkThe side of respectively k-th signal
Parallactic angle and the angle of pitch.Above formula can be write as matrix form, as follows
X (t)=AS (t)+n (t)
Wherein A=[a (θ1(t),φ1(t)),a(θ2(t),φ2(t) it is)] array manifold matrix, S (t)=[s1(t),s2
(t)]TFor signal source vector.
Step 1：Calculate the covariance matrix for receiving data vector x (t)
In real work, pass through N (such as N=500) secondary sampled data { x (1), x to received data vector x (t)
..., (2) x (500) } establish covariance matrixWherein n is the sequence number of sampling.
Step 2：Determine signal subspace：
The covariance matrix obtained to step 1Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out, and it is corresponding using maximum preceding 2 characteristic values
Characteristic vector e1,e2Signal subspace matrix E is established as rows={ e1,e2,
Step 3：Divide subarray and signal subspace：
Uniform rectangular face battle array is divided into 4 submatrixs (Subarray1~4) by Fig. 2, then the selection square of corresponding each submatrix
Battle array J1,J2,J3,J4∈R90×100, it is specific as follows：
Then selection signal subspace corresponding to q-th of submatrix is ESq=JqES, q=1,2,3,4；
Step 4：Determine spin matrix ψ1、ψ2：
The selection signal subspace E obtained using step 3S1And ES2, spin matrix ψ is determined by total least square method1；
Simultaneously E is determined with same methodS3And ES4Spin matrix ψ2, in order to simplify description, only provide calculate ψ here1Specific step
Suddenly：
(1) matrix E is establishedS12=[ES1,ES2]；
(2) matrix is definedFeature decomposition is carried out to it and obtains F=G ΛFGH, wherein ΛFIt is a diagonal matrix,
G is eigenvectors matrix；G is divided into the submatrix of 42 × 2, i.e.,
(3) matrix is established
Step 5：Determine the angle of pitch and azimuth：
The spin matrix ψ obtained first to step 41And ψ2Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out, is obtained：Its
Middle Λ1、Λ2For diagonal matrix, diagonal element is respectively ψ1And ψ2Characteristic value, T1、T2Represent what corresponding characteristic vector was formed
Matrix.Again to spin matrix ψ1And ψ2Characteristic value carry out pairing alignment, realize ψ1And ψ2Characteristic value alignment, alignd
Diagonal matrix Λ1WithDefine ξ1,kAnd ξ2,kRespectively Λ1WithK-th of diagonal entry, corresponding to k-th of information source,
Then azimuthAnd the angle of pitchIt can be given by：
Wherein k=1,2.
Realize spin matrix ψ1And ψ2Characteristic value alignment any ways customary can be used to realize, in the present embodiment, by such as
Lower step realizes spin matrix ψ1And ψ2Characteristic value alignment：
(a) by spin matrix ψ1And ψ2Characteristic value arrange in descending order；
(b) matrix ψ is defined3=ψ1ψ2,
(c) to ψ3Carry out Eigenvalues DecompositionAnd define matrixP initial value is set
For 0；
(d) p=p+1 is made.Calculate productBusinessWhereinSymbol []p,pThe element for taking the pth row pth row of the matrix in square brackets corresponding is represented, similarly hereinafter；
Then matched according to least square methodWith WithWhereinThat is basisFind Λ1With Λ2Pair between diagonal entry
It should be related to；OrderWhereinFor 2 × 2 diagonal matrix.
(e) repeat step (d) is until p=K (i.e. p=2).That is gained Λ1WithDiagonal entry is alignment, i.e.,
[Λ1]k,kWithCorresponding to same signal source.
Based on above-mentioned steps 1-5, the estimation angle that can respectively obtain two signal sources is：
In addition, in the present embodiment, the received signal to noise ratio of array is 10dB.In order to assess the performance of the inventive method, warp
Cross the azimuth of two signals obtained by 100 measure and the assembly average of the angle of pitch is respectively：
Corresponding center hold angle and
The root-mean-square error of the center angle of pitch is respectively：
In order to further verify the performance of the inventive method, in the case where signal to noise ratio is 10dB, entered 100 times independently in fact
The track that the checking angle of pitch and azimuthal evaluated error change with antenna number, its result is as shown in Figure 3,4.
On the other hand, in the case of antenna number is 100,100 independent experiment checking angles of pitch is carried out and azimuth is estimated
The track that meter error changes with signal to noise ratio, its result is as shown in Figure 5,6.
Therefore, the inventive method has higher measurement accuracy and more excellent performance.In addition, with existing incoherent letter
Number source assay method is compared, and present invention, avoiding angle searching and nonlinear optimization, significantly reduces the complicated journey of data processing
Degree.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention, any feature disclosed in this specification, except non-specifically
Narration, can alternative features equivalent by other or with similar purpose replaced；Disclosed all features or all sides
Method or during the step of, in addition to mutually exclusive feature and/or step, can be combined in any way.
Claims (3)
1. the assay method of a kind of two-dimentional direction of arrival suitable for extensive mimo system, it is characterised in that based on Mx×MyTwo
Dimension uniform rectangular aerial array performs the following steps：
Step 1：The covariance matrix of reception signal is calculated based on reception signal；
Step 2：Eigenvalues Decomposition is carried out to covariance matrix, based on the characteristic vector e corresponding to preceding K eigenvalue of maximum1,
e2,…eKBuild signal subspace ES=[e1,e2,...,eK], wherein K is signal source number；
Step 3：Mx×MyTwo Dimensional Uniform square-shaped array be divided into 4 submatrixs, the selection matrix J of each submatrix1、J2、J3、J4
Respectively：
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Wherein J1And J2ForMatrix, J3And J4ForMatrix, M
=Mx×My；
Selection matrix J based on each submatrixqBy signal subspace ESIt is divided into 4 selection signal subspace ESq=JqES, wherein
Q=1,2,3,4；
Step 4：Selection signal subspace E is built by total least square methodS1And ES2Spin matrix ψ1, selection signal son sky
Between ES3And ES4Spin matrix ψ2；
Step 5：Determine azimuth and the angle of pitch：
To spin matrix ψ1Carry out Eigenvalues Decomposition and obtain diagonal matrix Λ1, its diagonal element is ψ1Characteristic value, to ψ2Carry out special
Value indicative decomposes to obtain diagonal matrix Λ2, its diagonal element is ψ2Characteristic value, to Λ1And Λ2Diagonal element carry out pairing pair
Together, the diagonal matrix Λ to be alignd1WithDefine ξ1,kAnd ξ2,kRespectively Λ1WithK-th of diagonal entry, then side
Parallactic angleAnd the angle of pitchRespectively：Wherein k=1,
The spacing of 2 ..., K, u=2 π d/ λ, d between adjacent array element, λ is carrier wavelength.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 1, n times sampling is carried out to reception signal, each adopts
Sample signal represents that sampling sequence number n=1,2 ..., N, wherein x (n) is M with x (n)xMy× 1 matrix, connect by each bay
The reception signal of receipts puts in order formed M by the geometry of bayx×MyMatrix enters the acquisition of row matrix flattening operations；
The covariance matrix of the reception signal of the Two Dimensional Uniform squaerial arrayWherein xH(n) it is
X (n) conjugate transposition.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in the step 5, be achieved by the steps of spin moment
Battle array ψ1And ψ2Diagonal matrix Λ1And Λ2Diagonal element pairing alignment：
(a) respectively to spin matrix ψ1And ψ2Diagonal matrix Λ1And Λ2Diagonal element arrange in descending order；
(b) matrix ψ is defined3=ψ1ψ2,
(c) to ψ3Carry out Eigenvalues DecompositionWherein T3Represent eigenvectors matrix, Λ3Expression is made up of characteristic value
Diagonal matrix, and define matrixThe initial value for setting p is 0；
(d) p=p+1 is made, calculates productBusinessWherein
Symbol []p,pRepresent the element for taking the pth row pth row of the matrix in square brackets corresponding；
According toFind Λ1And Λ2Diagonal entry
Between corresponding relation (xp,yp), orderWherein For K × K diagonal matrix,
(e) repeat step (d) is until p=K, i.e. gained Λ1WithDiagonal entry is alignment.
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| CN105847196B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2018-12-18 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of channel estimation methods of the multiple cell Massive mimo system based on DOA |
| CN106291453B (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2018-12-18 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of two-dimentional direction of arrival measuring method based on beam space transformation |
| CN110441729A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-12 | 熊军 | A kind of angle-measuring method of large-scale antenna array |
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