CN105510445A - Internal friction value measurement instrument of materials - Google Patents
Internal friction value measurement instrument of materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN105510445A CN105510445A CN201510845215.8A CN201510845215A CN105510445A CN 105510445 A CN105510445 A CN 105510445A CN 201510845215 A CN201510845215 A CN 201510845215A CN 105510445 A CN105510445 A CN 105510445A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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Abstract
The invention discloses an internal friction value measurement instrument of materials. The measurement instrument mainly comprises an audio signal generator and an electromagnetic oscillation starting reed rack. The electromagnetic oscillation starting reed rack comprises a base plate, a sample fixing mechanism, a magnetic coil, U-shaped permanent magnets and amorphous ferromagnetic pieces. The sample fixing mechanism and the magnetic coil are respectively arranged back and forth on the base plate. The magnetic coil and the audio signal generator fit with each other and are electrically connected. There are two U-shaped permanent magnets with opposite magnetic poles. The two U-shaped permanent magnets are arranged side by side at the corresponding magnetic coil on the base plate. There are two amorphous ferromagnetic pieces which are respectively adhered to two corresponding side faces of a sample extending into the magnetic coil. By an innovative electromagnetic oscillation starting mode and by the principle that a flaky sample specially prepared from a powder metallurgy material can vibrate under the mutual action of a variable-frequency applied electromagnetic field and the fixed permanent magnets, measurement and calculation of internal friction value of a material are realized. The measurement instrument is simple, accurate and reliable to measure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, specifically refer to a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument.
Background technology
The vibration that (as impact) produces when working running of parts in plant equipment, noise, be regarded as a kind of fault in material.Particularly needing peace and quiet, under stable particular job environmental requirement, such as automobile shock girder, the civilian military domain such as submarine engine noise reduction, need to use high in-fighting alloy (or being called high damping alloy) that vibration, impact energy are changed into other energy but not vibrations or acoustic wave energy, thus reach the effect of damping noise reduction.Powdered metallurgical material, due to the structure that it is special, as many spaces, multiple solutions, therefore has very high Internal friction, is particularly suitable for manufacturing shock-absorbing denoising function material.In view of civilian and military domain in the urgent need to, China will develop high damping alloy as country's " the Seventh Five-Year Plan " hi-tech and development of machinery industry project.How to measure the damping noise reduction usefulness of material exactly, i.e. the surveying instrument of the Internal friction (or ultrasonic attenuation) of material, be evaluation and test high damping alloy design of material manufacture level, formulate the key of this kind of material property standard.
The implication of in-fighting and ultrasonic attenuation is: in solid vibration processes, due to elastic wave and the elementary excitation such as various defect or phonon, electronics, magneton interaction and make the phenomenon of mechanical energy consumption, namely material can rely on the natural disposition of material self (as material intrinsic property, phase composition and institutional framework internal feature etc.) and cause the ability of energy generation loss under external impacts or effect of vibration.The computing formula of Internal friction is as follows:
△f＝f
2-f
1……………(2)
Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of amplitude and vibration frequency.F in formula
0it is amplitude A when reaching resonance
mcorresponding resonant frequency (attention has double frequency resonance peak).F
1, f
2be illustrated respectively in resonant frequency f
0two ends, when amplitude reaches simultaneously
time corresponding two ends frequency (f
2>f
1).
The peak swing of sample and resonance amplitude are determined by the shape of sample, material, and resonance amplitude correspond to the natural frequency of resonant frequency and material.Therefore, the A of peak swing is first measured in testing
mand the resonant frequency f of correspondence
0numerical value.Then, reducing power frequency finds amplitude to be
the frequency f corresponding to point of (half of resonance amplitude)
1.Similar therewith, power frequency is improved, finds in the region exceeding resonant frequency amplitude to be half high amplitude
another Frequency point f
2.The above results is brought into formula (1), (2) can obtain Internal friction Q
-1; During actual measurement, frequency increases from low to high, when appearance first is resonated, writes down peak swing A
mwith the resonant frequency f of correspondence
0, then at f
0two ends measure respectively and corresponding to amplitude be
frequency.
The research of metal physics expert finds the Internal friction Q of metal material
-1relevant with the intrinsic performance of metal material.First the elastic modulus E value of metal material itself is less, Internal friction Q
-1larger; Secondly the characteristics of organizational structure of metal material inside also determines Internal friction, comprising: the quantity of the 1) inner boundary of material microstructure, and inner boundary, distribution characteristics; 2) defects such as the space in Fine Texture of Material, hole, dislocation; 3) the deformation relaxation under multiple phase structure existence condition and the uneven feature of alternate deformation.
In recent years, various countries powder metallurgy expert finds, owing to there being more space to exist in material prepared by powder metallurgy process, a lot of powdered metallurgical material all has the characteristic of high Internal friction.Although have people very early this materials application in shock absorber part, the method how measuring the Internal friction of powdered metallurgical material accurately and easily but has never seen Patents or paper.
Measure the Instrument Design of material Internal friction, can be divided three classes by frequency height: (l) ultralow frequency in-fighting measuring instrument; (2) audio frequency in-fighting measuring instrument; (3) superaudio in-fighting measuring instrument.The forties China physicist Pueraria lobota front yard tunnel has invented the core texture-torsional pendulum device of ultralow frequency in-fighting measuring instrument.But for measurement powder metallurgy high damping alloy Internal friction, torsional pendulum device is unaccommodated, main because: (l) survey frequency is lower; (2) suffered by sample, stress is larger; (3) additional larger on sample inertance element, instrument inherently has larger systematic error; (4) thread sample difficulty processing.
If the material Internal friction in measurement audio range, audio frequency in-fighting measurement mechanism must be used, tested sample should resonate under the audio frequency even vibration condition of superaudio scope (100,000 hertz to megahertz), by measuring the resonant frequency of tested sample, bring the Internal friction of formulae discovery material into.But there is no at present and can allow tested sample passive starting of oscillation within the scope of Frequency Adjustable, and measure the surveying instrument of its resonant frequency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument, realize allowing tested sample passive starting of oscillation within the scope of Frequency Adjustable, and measure its resonant frequency function, have and measure the advantages such as simple, accurate, reliable.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, solution of the present invention is:
A kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument, mainly comprises audio signal generator and electromagnetism starting of oscillation tongue frame; This electromagnetism starting of oscillation tongue frame includes base plate, sample fixed mechanism, magnetic coil, U-shaped permanent magnet and amorphous iron magnetic sheet; Sample fixed mechanism and magnetic coil respectively front and back are relatively located on base plate, and magnetic coil is arranged in the mode of its central axis along base plate fore-and-aft direction, and this magnetic coil and audio signal generator are mutually adaptive to be electrically connected; U-shaped permanent magnet has contrary two pieces of magnetic pole, and these two blocks of U-shaped permanent magnets are oppositely arranged mode with left and right and are located at corresponding magnetic coil place on base plate; Amorphous iron magnetic sheet has two panels, and it is attached at sample respectively, and it extends on the two sides of the corresponding part in magnetic coil.
The magnetic pole end face of described two blocks of U-shaped permanent magnets is dip plane.
Described dip plane is the inclined-plane in 45 °.
Described two blocks of U-shaped permanent magnets are respectively all U-shaped strontium ferrite and neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet.
Described sample fixed mechanism includes fixed chuck and set bolt, this fixed chuck offers and to plant fixing slotted eye for sample, and set bolt adjustable lock to be located on fixed chuck and to extend in slotted eye.
The side of described fixed chuck offers the tapped through hole be connected with slotted eye, in this tapped through hole, be assembled with puller bolt.
Described sample fixed mechanism also includes pad, on the side, place that the corresponding puller bolt that this pad pad is located at sample holds out against.
In the center of described sample fixed mechanism and magnetic coil, distance is in the heart 40-60mm.
Described measuring instrument also comprises amplitude shift pointer and microscope, and this amplitude shift pointer is bonded on the free end of sample.
Described measuring instrument also comprises frequency meter, and this frequency meter is electrically connected with magnetic coil is suitable.
After adopting such scheme, material Internal friction measuring instrument of the present invention, when passing into the audio frequency power supply of certain frequency in magnetizing coil, the amorphous iron magnetic sheet be attached in plane plate specimen both side surface is magnetized, and interacts with the U-shaped permanent magnet generation magnetic pole being positioned at both sides, sample one end and produce left and right transverse vibration.During observed and recorded, the amplitude shift pointer bondd on sample can be adopted to measure amplitude, use 100 times (the attached micrometer of eyepiece) to observe and record under the microscope.The present invention adopts the electromagnetism starting of oscillation mode of innovation, utilizes the laminar sample that powdered metallurgical material is special, and vibrative principle under Frequency Adjustable additional electromagnetic field and fixing permanent-magnet pole interact, measures the resonance amplitude A of sample under resonance state
mwith resonant frequency f
0, measure resonance amplitude half simultaneously
the both sides frequency f corresponding to point
1, f
2, utilize correlation computations formula can calculate the Internal friction of sample material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of measuring instrument of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the stereographic map of electromagnetism starting of oscillation tongue frame of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of amplitude and vibration frequency.
Label declaration
Audio signal generator 1 frequency meter 2
Electromagnetism starting of oscillation tongue frame 3 base plate 31
Sample fixed mechanism 32 fixed chuck 321
Slotted eye 3211 puller bolt 3212
Set bolt 322 pad 323
Magnetic coil 33U type permanent magnet 34
Magnetic pole end face 341 amorphous iron magnetic sheet 35
Amplitude shift pointer 41 microscope 42.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, this case is described in further detail.
This case relates to a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument, as shown in Figure 1-2, mainly comprises audio signal generator 1 and electromagnetism starting of oscillation tongue frame 3.Described electromagnetism starting of oscillation tongue frame 3 includes base plate 31, sample fixed mechanism 32, magnetic coil 33, U-shaped permanent magnet 34 and amorphous iron magnetic sheet 35.
Base plate 31 has front and back end and left and right end, sample fixed mechanism 32 and magnetic coil 33 respectively front and back are relatively located on base plate 31, in the center of this sample fixed mechanism 32 and magnetic coil 33, distance (i.e. sheet specimens vibrating cantalever distance) is in the heart 40-60mm, it is specifically depending on elastic modulus (E) the value size of measured material, generally must ensure that the amplitude shift pointer of tested sample has enough amplitude shift amounts.(E), when value is large, gets 60, E value hour and get 40.Provide in specific embodiment, tested sample size (the long X of wide X is thick) is 10X60X1mm.Magnetic coil 33 is arranged in the mode of its central axis along base plate 31 fore-and-aft direction, and this magnetic coil 33 and audio signal generator 2 are mutually adaptive to be electrically connected.
U-shaped permanent magnet 34 has contrary two pieces of magnetic pole, and these two blocks U-shaped permanent magnets 34 are oppositely arranged mode with left and right and are located at corresponding magnetic coil 33 place on base plate 31.Preferably, the magnetic pole end face 341 of these two blocks U-shaped permanent magnets 34 is dip plane, is specially the inclined-plane in 45 °, ensures that the magnetic field concentration of two magnet is in the gap space that two blocks of magnet are most advanced and sophisticated relative, so can strengthen the interaction to amorphous iron magnetic sheet with this.Between two pieces of U-shaped its pointed superior of permanent magnet 34, the distance of (namely in Fig. 2 between N, S) is no more than 5mm, guarantees there is suitable action intensity to amorphous iron magnetic sheet in this.Further, described two blocks of U-shaped permanent magnets can adopt two kinds of magnetic materials, U-shaped strontium ferrite magnet and neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet specifically can be respectively.In addition, in U magnet, well width is 20mm (to ensure magnetic coil width), and height should control at 15mm.
Described amorphous iron magnetic sheet 35 has two panels, and it is attached at sample L respectively, and it extends on the two sides of the corresponding part in magnetic coil 33.
The preferred embodiment of described sample fixed mechanism 31 1, includes fixed chuck 311 and set bolt 312.This fixed chuck 311 offers and to plant fixing slotted eye 3111 for sample L adaptation, set bolt 312 adjustable lock to be located on fixed chuck 311 and can to extend in slotted eye 3111.Sample fixation screw bolt 312 not only can play clamping sample L effect, sample L can be adjusted, with the effect making sample L be in two magnet center, so that follow-up measurement along magnetic coil 33 central axis simultaneously.
Preferably, the side of fixed chuck 311 offers the tapped through hole be connected with slotted eye 3111, in this tapped through hole, be assembled with puller bolt 2112, hold out against effect by this puller bolt 2112 couples of sample L, make sample L stable position on fixed chuck 311.
For avoiding puller bolt 2112 with sheet specimens L point cantact thus affecting sample result of oscillation, pad between the side that sample L and puller bolt 2112 hold out against mutually and be provided with a rectangular washer 35, this pad 35 is of a size of 6mm × 10mm × 10mm.This structural requirement, can ensure that sample L free brachium of vibrating reed in vibration processes remains constant.
The effect of described audio signal generator 1 is the power supply power source transition of industrial frequency being become audio frequency, and to ensure to provide starting of oscillation power supply to sample L, the frequency range of audio-frequency electric source device can be 50HZ ~ 100KHZ, and power is 500W, and is provided with electronic switch.Preferably, measuring instrument is also provided with (numeral) frequency meter 2 herein, this frequency meter 2 is electrically connected with magnetic coil 33 is suitable, and its effect is used to the frequency parameter of accurately monitoring and measuring audio frequency power supply, namely monitors, records the frequency of practical function on sample L.The frequency meter frequency coverage adopted comprises the working range (50HZ ~ 100KHZ) of audio frequency power supply, and power is 3 ~ 5W.
This case measuring instrument also comprises the mechanism for test samples vibration amplitude, and specific embodiment is for comprising amplitude shift pointer 41 and microscope 42, and this amplitude shift pointer 41 is bonded on the free end of sample L.
In the specific embodiment provided, electromagnetism starting of oscillation tongue frame 3, its base plate 31 adopts glass fibre heating platen, and thick 8mm, is cut into 50mm × 100mm, and pedestal supports by same plate of material and base plate corner is respectively installed a stainless steel leg 36 and fixed.Base plate 31 one end processes M10 threaded hole in order to fixing sample fixed mechanism 32, and the other end offers into 12mm × 30mm square hole, in order to install magnetic coil 33.Wherein, in the center of sample fixed mechanism 32 and magnetic coil 33, distance is in the heart 50mm.Slotted eye 3111 on fixed chuck 311 is wide 7mm, the square slotted eye of high 10mm, and itself and specimen cross sectional area adapt, in order to install sheet specimens L.Tapped through hole on fixed chuck 311 side is provided with two, is M3 tapped through hole.Magnetizing coil 33 is the enameled wire of diameter of phi 0.1-0.15mm, and outer profile size is 30mm × 30mm, coil thickness 18mm, and coil turn is 1500-2500 circle.The size of pad 36 is wide identical with sample L, is specifically of a size of 6mm × 10mm × 10mm.Sample material is processed into 1mm × 10mm × 60mm sheet specimens L, and the amorphous iron magnetic sheet 35 that sample L pastes is the amorphous iron magnetic flakes of size 0.02X5X100mm, heavy 50mg.The amplitude shift pointer 41 that sample L free end bonds is
millimeter steel wire pointer.
When measuring instrument of the present invention is measured, each element is assembled by Fig. 2, switch on power, increase frequency successively, the amplitude shift pointer 41 bondd on sample is adopted to measure amplitude, observe and record sample vibration amplitude with 100 times (the attached micrometers of eyepiece) at microscope for 42 times, and obtaining the relation curve of vibration amplitude and vibration frequency, finding resonance amplitude A
mcorresponding resonant frequency f
0, and find f
1, f
2, bring formula into and calculate Internal friction, repeat experiment, eliminate error.Internal friction Q can be calculated according to following formula
-1:
△ f=f
2-f
1(2).F in formula
0(see Fig. 3) is amplitude A when reaching resonance
mcorresponding resonant frequency (attention has double frequency resonance peak).F
1, f
2represent respectively, at resonant frequency f
0two ends, when amplitude reaches simultaneously
time corresponding two ends frequency (f
2>f
1).
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equalizations done with the claims in the present invention scope change and modify, and all should belong to the scope of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a material Internal friction measuring instrument, is characterized in that: mainly comprise audio signal generator and electromagnetism starting of oscillation tongue frame; This electromagnetism starting of oscillation tongue frame includes base plate, sample fixed mechanism, magnetic coil, U-shaped permanent magnet and amorphous iron magnetic sheet; Sample fixed mechanism and magnetic coil respectively front and back are relatively located on base plate, and magnetic coil is arranged in the mode of its central axis along base plate fore-and-aft direction, and this magnetic coil and audio signal generator are mutually adaptive to be electrically connected; U-shaped permanent magnet has contrary two pieces of magnetic pole, and these two blocks of U-shaped permanent magnets are oppositely arranged mode with left and right and are located at corresponding magnetic coil place on base plate; Amorphous iron magnetic sheet has two panels, and it is attached at sample respectively, and it extends on the two sides of the corresponding part in magnetic coil.
2. a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the magnetic pole end face of described two blocks of U-shaped permanent magnets is dip plane.
3. a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described dip plane is the inclined-plane in 45 °.
4. a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described two blocks of U-shaped permanent magnets are respectively all U-shaped strontium ferrite and neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet.
5. a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sample fixed mechanism includes fixed chuck and set bolt, this fixed chuck offers and to plant fixing slotted eye for sample, set bolt adjustable lock to be located on fixed chuck and to extend in slotted eye.
6. a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the side of described fixed chuck offers the tapped through hole be connected with slotted eye, is assembled with puller bolt in this tapped through hole.
7. a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described sample fixed mechanism also includes pad, on the side, place that the corresponding puller bolt that this pad pad is located at sample holds out against.
8. a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the center of described sample fixed mechanism and magnetic coil, distance is in the heart 40-60mm.
9. a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measuring instrument also comprises amplitude shift pointer and microscope, this amplitude shift pointer is bonded on the free end of sample.
10. a kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measuring instrument also comprises frequency meter, this frequency meter is electrically connected with magnetic coil is suitable.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510845215.8A CN105510445B (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | A kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument |
| CN201810061761.6A CN108254443B (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | Electromagnetic oscillation starting material internal loss value measuring instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510845215.8A CN105510445B (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | A kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810061761.6A Division CN108254443B (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | Electromagnetic oscillation starting material internal loss value measuring instrument |
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| CN105510445A true CN105510445A (en) | 2016-04-20 |
| CN105510445B CN105510445B (en) | 2018-07-27 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810061761.6A Active CN108254443B (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | Electromagnetic oscillation starting material internal loss value measuring instrument |
| CN201510845215.8A Active CN105510445B (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | A kind of material Internal friction measuring instrument |
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| CN201810061761.6A Active CN108254443B (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | Electromagnetic oscillation starting material internal loss value measuring instrument |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5868642A (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1983-04-23 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method for measuring internal friction using forced twisting vibration |
| GB2220270A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1990-01-04 | China Steel Corp | Determination of metal properties during phase transformation |
| CN101299033A (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2008-11-05 | 南京大学 | Measuring system and method for automatically measuring audio internal friction |
| CN202066831U (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2011-12-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Electromagnetic type electromagnetic type internal friction gauge |
| CN103163135A (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2013-06-19 | 中山大学 | Micro-cell internal friction measuring instrument and control method thereof |
| CN104677948A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-03 | 北京科技大学 | Electrostatic actuation type tester for measuring internal friction value of powder metallurgy material |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6382027B1 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2002-05-07 | Daimlerchrysler Corporation | Brake pad assembly damping and frequency measurement methodology |
| CN2634474Y (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2004-08-18 | 重庆工学院 | Small detector for material vibration damping property |
| CN204758545U (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-11-11 | 北京科技大学 | Apparatus of powder metallurgical material in -fighting value is measured to static excitation formula |
-
2015
- 2015-11-27 CN CN201810061761.6A patent/CN108254443B/en active Active
- 2015-11-27 CN CN201510845215.8A patent/CN105510445B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5868642A (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1983-04-23 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method for measuring internal friction using forced twisting vibration |
| GB2220270A (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1990-01-04 | China Steel Corp | Determination of metal properties during phase transformation |
| CN101299033A (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2008-11-05 | 南京大学 | Measuring system and method for automatically measuring audio internal friction |
| CN202066831U (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2011-12-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Electromagnetic type electromagnetic type internal friction gauge |
| CN103163135A (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2013-06-19 | 中山大学 | Micro-cell internal friction measuring instrument and control method thereof |
| CN104677948A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-06-03 | 北京科技大学 | Electrostatic actuation type tester for measuring internal friction value of powder metallurgy material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105510445B (en) | 2018-07-27 |
| CN108254443A (en) | 2018-07-06 |
| CN108254443B (en) | 2020-10-02 |
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