CN1055067A - Be used to draw the detection method and the technology of the multiple vertical seismic profiling (VSP) of salt dome contour image - Google Patents
Be used to draw the detection method and the technology of the multiple vertical seismic profiling (VSP) of salt dome contour image Download PDFInfo
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- CN1055067A CN1055067A CN 90101243 CN90101243A CN1055067A CN 1055067 A CN1055067 A CN 1055067A CN 90101243 CN90101243 CN 90101243 CN 90101243 A CN90101243 A CN 90101243A CN 1055067 A CN1055067 A CN 1055067A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/16—Survey configurations
- G01V2210/161—Vertical seismic profiling [VSP]
Abstract
A kind of point distribution technology and operational processes technology that provides about the better data acquisition of salt dome, this technology use be arranged in facing to side wellbore of salt dome one side, at a string emissive source of certain selected pattern, and in wellhole many wave detectors that separate separated from one another so that with from the energy interaction of described many source position with record multiple data array.Handle these data then,,, thereby set up the trim line of the vertical common reflection point of salt dome vertical side so that data are carried out later CDP processing to set up pseudo-emission source point along the wellhole distribution corresponding to each receiver point.
Description
The present invention relates to obtain the method for seismoacoustics data, particularly be a kind of accurate Drawing vertical interface that can be used for, the method for the data of obtaining and handle multiple vertical seismic profiling (VSP) of the image such as the salt dome profile.
The existing at present some kinds of methods that attempt is used to draw the side profile figure (such as the side of salt dome) at steep dip interface.But the actual effect of these methods has some serious limitations (good salt dome side profile figure is promptly seldom arranged).
At present, or utilize offset geometry relation (single emissive source, a plurality of receivers) or utilize stepping (walkby) geometric relationship (more a plurality of emissive sources, less receiver) to draw out the vertical seismic profiling (VSP) figure of salt dome side profile.Utilize the ray tracing vertical seismic profiling (VSP) to the conversion (VSP-CDP) of common depth point or utilize certain special migrator to come deal with data.But in order to implement to handle, these two kinds of technology all need detailed geologic model.
Moreover, some draws the method for nearly vertical interface figure, when drawing vertical or closely vertical surface chart, also needs emissive source and receiver all to be positioned at the down-hole.When a plurality of emissive sources and receiver all when using multiple treatment technology, just emissive source and receiver all can be placed ground surface (as the earthquake data acquisition technology of routine), also emissive source can be placed ground surface and receiver is placed (as vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) among the wellhole under the ground surface, also emissive source and receiver all can be placed under the ground surface.United States Patent (USP) 2718930(Bazhaw), 4627036(Wyatt) and 4509149(Ruehle) several such examples are disclosed.
The United States Patent (USP) No. 2718930 (Bazhaw) that is entitled as " deep-well detection " has been described a kind of borehole seismic Detection Techniques, and this technology can be used to assist to draw the profile diagram at salt dome, mineral ore or other approximately perpendicular reflecting surface or interface.One group of seismoreceiver type receiver is disposed in the wellhole, and the earthquake emissive source is placed and is furnished with the adjacent wellhole of vertical seismic wave detector.Seismic event by this wellhole horizontal transmission to salt dome and be back to receiver, thereby can draw out the shape on the surface of this salt dome.
The United States Patent (USP) 4627036(Wyatt that is entitled as " vertical seismic profiling (VSP) ") relate to and a kind of the vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data are converted to the technology of surface seismic data, method that it is to use each section with the VSP geological data to be mapped into surface seismic data time figure realizes this conversion.Since data be stack and because data are more conventional form, this conversion makes data easier explanation when determining underground structure.This technology will be converted to the surface seismic detection data of equivalence with conventional vertical seismic profiling (VSP) (VSP) data that long offset source obtains.For guaranteeing the accurate operation of this method, need a very large skew.By with the VSP data map in corresponding surface seismic detection data, just can utilize multiple common depth point (CDP) operational method to improve the quality of data.This conversion usually is called as the VSPCDP stack.
The United States Patent (USP) No. 4509149 (Ruehle) that is entitled as " the long array of orientation at well vertical edges interface " relates to a kind of well-logging probe, and it has utilized the orientation control to a plurality of receivers in the linear array and emissive source.Each emissive source all produces a sound pulse, and this pulse postpones by the time delay device between each emissive source, so that make acoustic energy directed at an angle, thereby the sound wave that is produced can vertically be incided on certain upright rock stratum.Measure the reflection of sound pulse with the linear array of receiver, and to suitably being postponed by the detected sound pulse of each receiver, its retardation will make the total difference for the guided wave of a certain reflected back be output as zero.
United States Patent (USP) 3867713(Teglanb et al.) 4241429(Bloomguist et al.) and 4467460(Johnson) be this area representational several multiple treatment technologies of usefulness at present.The United States Patent (USP) 3867713(Tegland et al. that is entitled as " the multiple earthquake Detection Techniques of the propagated by autotelic bending ") relates to a kind of treatment technology, it is producing seismic pulse successively along the evenly spaced some positions of propagation segment, and this propagation segment then vertically passes center line.The length of propagation segment equals the integral multiple at interval between each position.Detect the seismic event that produces by each pulse one group of position.Relation was identical when relation and other group position were to the walking of its shot point separately during for its walking of shot point (promptly producing the pulse site of the sound wave be detected) in this group position.Preferably detected signal is superposeed on the common depth point basis, so that can depict interfacial structure under the face of land of multiple area in a usual manner.
The United States Patent (USP) No. 4241429 (Bloomguist et al.) that is entitled as " velocity determination and overlap-add procedure with earthquake explosion of three-dimensional reflection geometric relationship " relates to a kind of method, this method is to utilize to be inclination and the trend that linearity, multiple stack, common depth point and seismic chart that have three-dimensional reflection geometric relationship are determined reflecting interface under the face of land, and the average velocity of seismic energy on the path of arrival reflecting interface.In each group data, have the reflecting now on the hyperbolic curve that constitutes by orbit interval of each mistiming, orbit interval is to be determined by the coordinate distance of the emissive source on detonating fuse, receiver.The skew on this double curve summit can be determined with handling the used normal-moveout velocity assay method of two-dimentional CDP data set.This mensuration can provide and can be used to determine the hyperbolic curve skew of above-mentioned inclination, trend and average velocity and revise stack velocity.
The United States Patent (USP) 4467460(Johnson that is entitled as " seismic detecting data measures method ") thus a kind of method that makes seismic survey sound pulse emissive source location simplify multiple processing is disclosed.This method is mainly concerned with the coupling of sound pulse receiver when signal receives that occurs in seismoreceiver or other type.It will suitably select the position of earthquake stimulation point, so that can obtain the partial multi data, and the static shift correction relational expression of these data is the part coupling at least.Can improve the quality of earthquake transverse section greatly like this.
The invention provides a kind of method that can draw the side profile figure at steep dip interface, this method utilization skew ground sound pulse and down-hole acoustic receiver, and still can utilize multiple treatment technology to improve the quality of data.In general, when the interface is more shallow, use nearer skew, and when the interface is dark, adopt skew far away.In the method for the invention, the sound pulse emissive source can be positioned at the sound pulse receiver with steep dip interface-such as salt dome side-relative side.Produce sound pulse, and measure first the primary wave time of arrival of sound pulse when acoustic receiver is passed through first in the path that arrives vertical interface.When sound pulse by vertical interface reflection and return when being transmitted to the sound pulse receiver again, when just obtaining total walking.Deducting the Time Calculation that primary wave arrives during from total walking goes out by the two way travel time of pseudo-earthquake source position to receiver.Just can the data that obtain on the basis of two way travel time be handled then as processing with the seismic detecting data that conventional method obtained.
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram that seismic detecting data measures system.
Fig. 2 is the two dimension view of the depth model of a steep dip interface and a wellhole.
Fig. 3 rotates the data acquisition line among Fig. 2 to obtain the conversion view of its transverse projection.
Fig. 4 shows along the seismogram of depth model one side shown in Figure 2.
The present invention has provided detection geometric relationship and the operational processes technology of a kind of new vertical seismic profiling (VSP) figure (VSP), and it can be used to draw as the steep dip of boss side and so on or the contour image on approximately perpendicular stratum.
Detection geometric relationship of the present invention and operational processes technology do not need to be used for the initial geologic model of routine techniques, and in fact, it can provide and be used for the needed geologic model of conventional processing according to a preliminary estimate, except the multiplicity of emissive source/wave detector, the single-orientated quality that also will make the earthquake vision on the relevant salt dome surface that obtains of the gather of the common-midpoint that is produced, be better than with present adoptable vertical seismic survey the sectional drawing technology can getable image quality.
Method of the present invention can be used for land, can also be used for the coastal waters.But in order to emphasize its efficient, operating process of the present invention be by means of utilize the emissive source ship across the sea operation and carry out specifically described.At sea in the data acquisition, the seismic origin can move to many positions, thereby can be easy to provide many launching site to each position in the wellhole of placing one or more wave detectors.When for example being a three-component receiver when being fixed in some degree of depth in the wellhole, one can not be in many source position with the seismic ship of seismic survey floating drum.Each source position can be distributed on the line or in certain zone facing to wellhole one side of salt dome profile.When ship with a certain speed, such as 12 joints during navigation, can be arranged 48 emission source points (supposing that each detection time is 6 seconds) in less than 5 minutes time in one mile scope, this time is for drawing the common needed time of each VSP position.The slower emissive source ship of the speed of a ship or plane can be measured at each and get less launching site position in the voyage, or with obtaining each receiver position more writing times.When adopting the more than one seismic origin, this technology also can be used for the detection on the seashore.
Seismic ship can produce sound pulses in many source position, and can be to from repeating this process near a plurality of receiver degree of depth the top of well at the bottom of the wellhole.When receiver was moved upwards up to next adjacent level, the emissive source ship can simply turn over 180 °, and advanced to the direction that it comes.As at present surveying normal do in the explosion at 3-D seismics, the position of emissive source can also form one group one group.
To the data that obtain with this method edit, filtering, deconvolution, and isolate the uplink and downlink wave field.Primary wave time of arrival is selected in combination to each emissive source-receiver.
Article one, trajectory may be relevant to each to emissive source, receiver combination.For each emissive source-receiver combination, can adopt following step operational processes.
From other track, will have same source position and receiver is positioned on the same horizontal line or the emissive source of more shallow position-receiver combination distinguishes, to obtain primary wave time of arrival.Can construct a new track with this existing transmitter-receiver track.This new track be exactly have the primary wave that will deduct when walking, corresponding to the given track of trying to achieve of this emissive source-receiver combination by other track.This new track is corresponding to a skew that equals distance between two receiver positions.Determine a basic point of this track, be the mid point between these two receiver positions.Output also shows the track that this is new.Receiver is positioned at all emissive sources-receiver combination repetition above-mentioned steps of same horizontal level or more shallow position to having same source position.
At last, repeat these steps for each emissive source with different source position-receiver combination.At this moment, resulting track can be handled as conventional seismic line, handles such as carry out quiet analysis, velocity analysis, normal moveout, overlapping, migration or the like.
Utilize this new geometric relationship, each reflection spot is all at several skew up-samplings.By the given increase of multiple skew redundant information, improved the quality of the reflecting body image of being drawn.Do not need a detailed geologic model by the VSP geometric relationship to the conversion of CDP geometric relationship.Compare with other method, when the salt dome side profile tilted to increase, its visual quality can improve.
Fig. 1 shows this detection geometric relationship.Four source position are designated as S successively
1To S
4, four receiver positions are designated as R successively
1To R
4As shown in the figure, since slight vertical velocity gradient, the curved shape of its radiation path.When the sound wave ray by emissive source S
1Propagate into salt dome side 10, and be reflected back into receiver R
1The time, this ray is at S
1' place propagated wellhole.Like this, some S
1' just become an equivalent source position.When VSP surveys at a S
1' when locating to place a receiver, at this moment by a S
1To S
1' walk the time be exactly that the primary wave of this receiver is when walking.The time can be from by a S when primary wave was walked
1By a S
1' arrive the point 12 that is positioned on the rock salt side 10 to be fed back into a R again
1Travel-time of complete trails in deduct.Its result is exactly by a S
1' arrival salt dome side 10 and reflected back point R
1Travel path, show as solid line among the figure.
Be equivalent at a S with the resulting final track of this disposal route
1' located an emissive source, at a R
1Track when there is a receiver at the place.If handle each bar track in this way, its result is equivalent to be furnished with a string receiver R along the vertical borehole wall
1To R
4With a string emissive source S
1' to S
4' time resulting track.(referring to Fig. 3) then is not difficult to find out with the figure half-twist, and this geometric relationship is same as the geometric relationship that common surface seismic is surveyed line entirely, and just the former has the wellhole that is positioned at " ground surface " and " level " mineral deposit of steep dip.Therefore, this VSP can convert CDP geometric relationship of equal value to.
See Fig. 2 now, Fig. 2 shows the depth model that can be used for describing direction of the present invention.In order to check the feasibility of this detection and treatment technology, utilize the ray tracing simulation package to construct a model.This model includes 14,16,18 and 20,1 salt deposits 22 in 4 smooth rock stratum and 1 salt dome 24 with steep dip (80 degree) side 26.Some raypaths of employed several speed and arrival salt dome side 26 are indicated among Fig. 2.As shown in the figure, emissive source S
1Have in the side reflection of 26 places and be received device R respectively
1And R
4The raypath 28 and 30 that receives.Emissive source S
7Have that 26 places are reflected and are received device R respectively in the side
1And R
2The raypath 32 and 34 that receives.For simplicity's sake, these radiation paths among the figure all are drawn as straight line.In realistic model, its raypath can be according to determining at each suitable snell law at the interface.
The result that the VSP geometric relationship is converted to the CDP geometric relationship as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, dotted portion in raypath is propagated the required time when walking (be primary wave) and is deducted, and has only kept the solid line part as the raypath in two way travel time path.Because by emissive source S
1Dotted portion in the raypath 28,30 of setting out is deducted, then for respectively by receiver R
1, R
2The solid line part of detected raypath 28,30, some S
1' and put S
1" become pseudo-emission source point.Similarly, because by emissive source S
7Dotted portion in the raypath 32,34 of setting out is deducted, then for respectively by receiver R
1, R
2The solid line part of detected raypath 32,34, some S
7' and put S
7" become its pseudo-emission source point.
Can determine its correction time with at first determining ray passes wave detector position, wellhole place by the source on the way to salt dome side 26 method.Can from the total time that records with reception type seismoreceiver, deduct when walking corresponding to the primary wave of this position.Because the position of salt dome mound face 26 is unknown, so still can not determine that directly correct primary wave is walked the time.In order to compensate this unknown portions, in the time of can therefrom deducting all possible primary wave and walk, the redundant information of common depth point (CDP) stack can reduce the inaccuracy that may occur.Resulting track is pressed common depth point (or common midpoint) classification, and forms the constant velocity overlay analysis.After measuring velocity amplitude for some degree of depth, resulting velocity function can be used to revise normal moveout, and produces geological data result as shown in Figure 4.
In Fig. 4, represented to have the model of side 26 and raw image 26 ' between comparison, obtain the synthetic time responses that image 26 ' is as mentioned above derived by transaction module.Because the phase mutual interference between each reflection that bad speed detects and produced by each flat rock stratum (they existing sharply do not rise and fall) and salt deposit makes to have discontinuous place in image.Many used filtering methods usually can adopt the phase mutual interference that reduces between reflection of flat rock stratum and the salt dome reflection.
Preferably adopt the three-component record in the wellhole so that data processor can increase the reflection from the wellhole sidewall, and reduce closely to be parallel to the reflection that wellhole is propagated.This with use the situation of seismoreceiver array similar in order to reduce the surface irregularity in the surface seismic detection data.
It is generally acknowledged that the shear wave wave mode of salt dome reflection is changed this above-mentioned compressional wave (primary wave) salt dome reflection easier record (the more record of large amplitude).Therefore, the three-component data that record can utilize revised compressional wave to handle once more to the switching software of shear wave, so that switched shear wave is used above-mentioned technology once more.When adopting one or more shear waves source, this technology also can be applicable to the detection on the seashore.
In the above, this new VSP of the present invention surveys and treatment technology, describe with two-dimensional detection and disposal route, but it can directly be extended to three-dimensional detection and disposal route.With one or more seismic survey emissive sources, can constitute the line or the pattern of several emissive sources for each receiver position.Can adopt same treatment scheme to handle, required change only is to survey the processing operation program with 3-D seismics to replace two-dimentional operation program.
Have, the present invention is described in detail corresponding to offshore conditions again, and still, method of the present invention is used under the condition of land can also obtain similar result.Be understood that therefore that the present invention is not limited to described optimum implementation, but limit its scope by following claim.
Claims (21)
1, a kind ofly vertical seismic surveyed profile data be converted to pseudo-horizontal earthquake survey line data, may further comprise the steps to draw out the method for the form that generally is vertically extending interface:
Land used focus outwardly produces the earthquake sound wave impulse;
Arrange that in alternate each other mode several sound pulse receivers are to receive described earthquake sound wave impulse in the wellhole between the described interface and the described seismic origin;
The earthquake sound wave impulse that mensuration is produced by the described seismic origin is first primary wave time of arrival during by described wellhole when described interface direction is propagated;
The earthquake sound wave impulse that reception is returned by described boundary reflection is when obtaining by the described seismic origin to total the walking of described sound pulse receiver;
Deduct in during by described total walking and described primary wave time of arrival described vertical seismic is surveyed the sectional view data be converted to pseudo-horizontal survey line data effectively to the interface and the sound that turns back to the pulse receiver that is arranged in wellhole when walking obtaining with two way travel time by wellhole.
2, the method for claim 1 also includes following steps:
Use multiple treatment technology to handle the horizontal survey line data of described puppet.
3, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that the treating step comprises following steps:
Gather the horizontal survey line data of described puppet by common depth point.
4, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described processing is further comprising the steps of:
Put the horizontal survey line data of described puppet in order by common-midpoint.
5, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described treatment step is further comprising the steps of:
Measure sound wave average velocity;
Described data superpose.
6, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described step of transmitting is further comprising the steps of:
Nearer offset relationship will be satisfied in seismic origin location.
7, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described step of transmitting may further comprise the steps:
Offset relationship far away will be satisfied in described seismic origin location.
8, the method for claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
Described sound pulse receiver is moved on to the second place of described wellhole;
Produce earthquake once more and visit sound wave pulse.
9, method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that described step of transmitting is further comprising the steps of:
Nearer offset relationship will be satisfied in described seismic origin location.
10, method as claimed in claim 8, its step is further comprising the steps of:
Utilize multiple treatment technology to handle described horizontal survey line data.
11, method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that described treatment step is further comprising the steps of:
Gather the horizontal survey line data of described puppet by common depth point.
12, method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that described treatment step is further comprising the steps of:
Put the horizontal survey line data of described puppet in order by common-midpoint.
13, a kind of method of drawing the salt dome profile diagram may further comprise the steps:
By one movably the ground surface seismic origin produce periodic sound pulse in a series of positions;
Use several seismicrophones separated from one another of the wellhole between the described ground surface seismic origin and described salt dome to detect described sound pulse;
When reaching described receiver for the first time, described sound pulse measures primary wave data-signal time of arrival;
Obtain by described ground surface seismic origin data-signal and when being reflected back into the walking of described seismicrophone to described salt dome;
Data-signal deducts described primary wave data-signal time of arrival when being walked by each, so as to the sound pulse that produces to some extent obtain by the two way travel time signal of described wellhole to described salt dome;
By the common depth point analytical approach described two way travel time data-signal is superposeed.
14, method as claimed in claim 13, its step also comprise following each step:
Described seismicrophone is moved on to the second place in the described wellhole;
Repeat described emission sound pulse step.
15, a kind of method of drawing the salt dome profile diagram comprises following each step:
Produce sound pulse by a ground surface acoustic emission source;
In the wellhole that is between described salt dome and the described acoustic emission source, detect described sound pulse and produce the electric signal of response;
Pass wellhole when described profile is propagated when described sound pulse, measure primary wave signal time of arrival;
Obtain described sound pulse by being transmitted into described wellhole, signal during again to total the walking of described profile and the described wellhole of reflected back;
Deduct described primary wave signal time of arrival to obtain the electric signal of the two way travel time between described salt dome of expression and described wellhole in the signal during by described total walking;
Handle described electric signal according to multiple treatment technology corresponding to described two way travel time.
16, method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that described treatment step is further comprising the steps of:
Put described electric signal in order according to the common depth point acquisition mode.
17, method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that described treatment step is further comprising the steps of:
Put described electric signal in order according to being total to the mid point acquisition mode.
18, method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that described treatment step is further comprising the steps of:
Measure sound wave average velocity;
Described electric signal superposes.
19, method as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that described obtaining step is further comprising the steps of:
Deduct described primary wave time of arrival in during by described total walking.
20, method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that described step of transmitting is further comprising the steps of:
Move described ground surface acoustic emission source and produce sound pulse once more.
21, method as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that described treatment step is further comprising the steps of:
Determine sound wave average velocity;
Described electric signal superposes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90101243 CN1055067A (en) | 1990-03-10 | 1990-03-10 | Be used to draw the detection method and the technology of the multiple vertical seismic profiling (VSP) of salt dome contour image |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90101243 CN1055067A (en) | 1990-03-10 | 1990-03-10 | Be used to draw the detection method and the technology of the multiple vertical seismic profiling (VSP) of salt dome contour image |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1055067A true CN1055067A (en) | 1991-10-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90101243 Pending CN1055067A (en) | 1990-03-10 | 1990-03-10 | Be used to draw the detection method and the technology of the multiple vertical seismic profiling (VSP) of salt dome contour image |
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1990
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