CN105506319B - A kind of magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105506319B
CN105506319B CN201610026100.0A CN201610026100A CN105506319B CN 105506319 B CN105506319 B CN 105506319B CN 201610026100 A CN201610026100 A CN 201610026100A CN 105506319 B CN105506319 B CN 105506319B
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alloy
magnesium
magnesium alloy
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rolling
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CN105506319A (en
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何枇林
李德辉
朱浩
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Nantong Zhongfu new Mstar Technology Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1047Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C23/00Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/06Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon

Abstract

A kind of magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof, the present invention have obtained a kind of magnesium alloy of high intensity using nanometer silicon carbide is mixed in magnesium alloy.The magnesium alloy is made of magnesium, aluminium element and nanometer silicon carbide;The atomic ratio of magnalium is 3:1 to 1:Between 1.5;The average diameter of silicon carbide at 200 nanometers hereinafter, the average crystal grain of magnesium alloy at 80 nanometers hereinafter, the tensile strength of alloy is up to 400MPa or more, 40% or more elongation percentage.The magnesium alloy by melting, incorporation nano particle and disperse, cool down, torsional deformation, asymmetrical rolling and etc. be prepared.

Description

A kind of magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of high-strength high-plastic magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof, especially a kind of silicon carbide High-performance magnesium alloy of enhancing and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Magnesium alloy is a kind of metal material that density is very small, at present in hand-hold electronic equipments, automobile, aviation It is applied in the fields such as space flight.As engineering material, it is generally desirable to high-intensitive materials by people, still, due to the original of magnesium alloy Minor structure feature, plasticity is poor, and traditional manufacturing process cannot obtain high-intensitive magnesium alloy.
Chinese patent 104674080A discloses a kind of magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof, which includes that Ag is 0.4wt%-0.8wt%, Co 0.6wt%-1.1wt%, Sn 1.2wt%-1.8wt%, In 0.5wt%-1.2wt%, Mn is 0.6wt%-1.1wt%, Pd 0.2wt%-0.6wt%, Mg 12wt%-24wt%, surplus Al;Preparation method step It is rapid as follows:(1) each metal material is taken by weight;(2) it throws to melting in high temperature melting furnace, the molten metal after melting is cast to obtain Magnesium alloy ingot;(3) the magnesium alloy ingot of step (2) is annealed, it is cooling after annealing, magnesium-aluminium alloy material is prepared.
Chinese patent 104213008A discloses a kind of novel high-strength magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof.It forms weight hundred Point ratio is:Tungsten-titanium alloy is 5% ~ 35%, and magnesium alloy is 65% ~ 95%.The addition of tungsten-titanium alloy improves the solid solution of magnesium alloy And ag(e)ing behavio(u)r, improve its tissue and performance.Its tensile strength and yield strength are respectively(486~378)MPa and(400~320) 52% ~ 18% and 48% ~ 18% has been respectively increased compared to the 320MPa and 269MPa of magnesium alloy in MPa.Tensile strength is in 400MPa Below.
Chinese patent 103589920A discloses a kind of magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof.The ingredient and weight of the alloy Percentage is:Scandium 1.2 ~ 2.5%, cerium 0.3% ~ 0.8%, manganese 1.5% ~ 2%, molybdenum 2.5% ~ 5%, tungsten 0.12 ~ 1.2%, magnesium 25% ~ 35%, addition aluminium to 100%.Compared with prior art, it is had the beneficial effect that possessed by the invention:The present invention is in conclusion pass through Scandium, the cerium of addition, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, so that the magnesium alloy has the advantages that inexpensive high durability.
Chinese patent 102080174A discloses a kind of production method of high Mg-Al alloy plate.The invention solves existing High Mg-Al alloy plate manufacturing method plate in coarse grains, the tensile strength of material are low, Mechanical Fluctuation is big, at The low problem of product rate.This method:The mass percent of element is Mg in the magnesium alloy plate:8.3%~9.6%, Mn:0.4%~ 0.8%,Ti:0.05%~0.15%, Si:≤0.3%,Fe:≤0.3%,Cu:≤0.05%,Ni:≤0.10%,Zn:≤ 0.20%, remaining Amount is Al, and the alloy is smelting, casting, secondary hot rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling, finished products, aligning, obtains high magnesium after sawing Aluminum alloy plate materials.Yield rate 48%~55%, intensity 390MPa~400MPa can be used for space transporter structural member and military lead Play bullet.
The above invention is devoted to improve the performance especially strength character of magnesium alloy, but, the alloy of these inventions Tensile strength all in 400MPa hereinafter, its intensity and engineering material long at present there is also biggish gaps.
Summary of the invention:
Goal of the invention:In order to expand the application field of magnesium alloy, its low-density is played a little, the present invention provides one Kind high-strength magnesium aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof.
Technical scheme is as follows:

Using the method for nano-particle reinforcement, SiC nano particle, dispersion are mixed into magnesium alloy during melting Uniformly, it Slow cooling and vacuumizes nano particle is allowed to further increase concentration, then under high pressure by the way of torsional deformation, Asymmetrical rolling is used again, is further refined crystal grain, is improved the intensity of alloy.According to the present invention it is possible to prepare a kind of nano particle The high-strength magnesium alloy of enhancing.Average crystal grain diameter in its microscopic structure is at 80 nanometers hereinafter, the diameter of nano particle is 200 Nanometer hereinafter, the tensile strength of magnesium alloy in 400MPa or more, 40% or more elongation percentage.
Specific preparation method includes the following steps:
(1)Prepare raw material:The high purity magnesium and rafifinal and average grain diameter of 99.9% or more preparation are 200 nanometers below Nano SiC;
(2)Molten alloy:By high purity magnesium and aluminium according to certain atomic ratio dispensing, the melting in protective atmosphere, melting Nano SiC is added in the process, maintains the temperature at 700 °C, the method using ultrasound is dispersed;
(3)Slow cooling is carried out to alloy pig, evacuated state is kept during cooling, vacuum degree is lower than 5torr;
(4)After cooling, alloy pig is processed into discoid;
(5)The coarse-grain alloy disks that step (4) are handled are put into the space of the formation of the groove in upper and lower two anvils It is interior, high pressure is applied to alloy, and rotate anvil to reverse alloy disks, is allowed to the deformation that is distorted;
(6)Start Multi-functional rolling system, sets the speed ratio of top and bottom rolls, speed ratio 1.1-1.5;Setting rolling every time Deformation quantity is 1-8%;The speed of low speed roller is set as 0.5-2 meter per second;
(7)Start main driving motor, starts the operation of rolling;
(8)After once rolling, repeat(6)(7)Process 15 times or more;
(9)Carry out full annealed heat treatment.
Wherein, step(1)In protective gas be CO2With the mixed gas of SF6, step(3)In, cooling velocity is less than every Second 0.5k;Step(5)The pressure that middle alloy is born is 1.5-5GPa;Step(8)In rolling temperature be room temperature:Step(9)In Recrystallization temperature be magnesium fusing point 1/3 ~ 1/4, time 3-20 minute.
Preferably, CO2Range with the volume ratio of SF6 is 50:1~100:1.
Preferably, the atomic ratio of high purity magnesium and aluminium is 3:1~1:1.5.
Preferably, step(2)The mass fraction that middle SiC particulate be added accounts for alloy is 1.5 ~ 5%.
Preferably, 60-120 nanometers of the granularity average out to of used silicon carbide.
Preferably, step(5)In 2 ~ 5 turns per minute of rotation speed, rotation 3-20 circle.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention, as enhancing particle, can not only play refinement crystal grain using the particle of high-intensitive nanometer silicon carbide Effect, and can be used as the obstacle of dislocation motion, prevent the dislocation of metal mobile, thus reinforced metal;Meanwhile refining crystal grain It can play the role of improving alloy plasticity.
The present invention uses and carries out ultrasonic disperse under high temperature metal liquid state, and this mode is more held relative in solid dispersion Easily nano particle is dispersed among parent metal, solves the problems, such as that nano particle is difficult to be uniformly dispersed in a metal. Ultrasonic disperse is used under liquid metal state, nano particle can be uniformly dispersed, to solve the technologies such as conventional hybrid, stirring Middle nano particle disperses bad defect.Slow cooling is used after melting, while keeping certain vacuum degree, it can be by magnesium, aluminium Metallic vapour be constantly extracted, the content of magnesium in alloy, aluminium is reduced in this way, to improve the body of nano particle in alloy Fraction further enhances the effect of reinforced by nanoparticles.
During applying high pressure twist distortion, due to violent plastic deformation, biggish crystal grain quilt in alloy substrate Resolve into more tiny nanocrystal.In addition, the present invention is further processed material using asymmetrical rolling, this rolling side Method can further refine crystal grain, and generate the non-uniform crystal grain of size in a metal, can form thickness in portion within the organization Crystal grain distribution, this material structure can achieve greatly back processing hardening, and additional reinforcing is the material in even grained in this It is not present in the material of material or conventional machining.The present invention uses micro Process, multi-pass, suitable for obtaining destination organization.It is final to close Generally at 80 nanometers hereinafter, matching odd relationship according to Hall-, crystal grain becomes tiny, can make alloy the average crystal grain diameter of gold Intensity it is higher, it is also possible to improve the plasticity of alloy.The magnesium alloy prepared through the invention, tensile strength can be with Up to 400MPa or more is provided simultaneously with excellent plasticity, and elongation percentage is up to 40% or more, can be applied to automobile, space flight and aviation etc. Field.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment detailed description of the present invention preparation method, but it is not construed as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1
(1)Prepare raw material:The nano SiC that the high purity magnesium and rafifinal and average grain diameter of 99.9% or more preparation are 110;
(2)Molten alloy:By high purity magnesium and aluminium according to 3:1 atomic ratio dispensing, in CO2In the mixed gas of SF6 Melting, wherein CO2It is 100 with SF6 volume ratio:1;The nano SiC for accounting for alloy mass score 3.2% is added in fusion process, keeps Temperature at 700 °C, dispersed by the method using ultrasound;
(3)Slow cooling, cooling velocity 0.3k per second are carried out to alloy pig;It keeps vacuumizing shape during cooling State, vacuum degree 3torr;
(4)After cooling, alloy pig is processed into discoid;
(5)The coarse-grain alloy disks that step (4) are handled are put into the space of the formation of the groove in upper and lower two anvils It is interior, 5GPa high pressure is applied to alloy, and be allowed to be distorted to reverse alloy disks with 5 turns of speed per minute rotation anvil Deformation, a corotating 8 circle;
(6)Start Multi-functional rolling system, sets the speed ratio of top and bottom rolls, speed ratio 1.1;Set each rolling deformation Amount is 1%;The speed of low speed roller is set as 0.5 meter per second;
(7)Start main driving motor, starts the operation of rolling;
(8)After once rolling, repeat(6)(7)Process 25 times;
(9)In 200 degrees Celsius of progress full annealed heat treatments, the time 8 minutes.
Embodiment 2
(1)Prepare raw material:The SiC that the high purity magnesium and rafifinal and average grain diameter of 99.9% or more preparation are 80 nanometers;
(2)Molten alloy:By high purity magnesium and aluminium according to 2:1 atomic ratio dispensing, in CO2In the mixed gas of SF6 Melting, wherein CO2It is 80 with SF6 volume ratio:1;The nano SiC for accounting for alloy mass score 5% is added in fusion process, keeps temperature Degree at 700 °C, dispersed by the method using ultrasound;
(3)Slow cooling, cooling velocity 0.5k per second are carried out to alloy pig;It keeps vacuumizing shape during cooling State, vacuum degree 3torr;
(4)After cooling, alloy pig is processed into discoid;
(5)The coarse-grain alloy disks that step (4) are handled are put into the space of the formation of the groove in upper and lower two anvils It is interior, 1.5GPa high pressure is applied to alloy, and be allowed to turn round to reverse alloy disks with 2 turns of speed per minute rotation anvil Curved change, a corotating 20 circle;
(6)Start Multi-functional rolling system, sets the speed ratio of top and bottom rolls, speed ratio 1.4;Set each rolling deformation Amount is 3%;The speed of low speed roller is set as 2 meter per seconds;
(7)Start main driving motor, starts the operation of rolling;
(8)After once rolling, repeat(6)(7)Process 25 times;
(9)In 190 degrees Celsius of progress full annealed heat treatments, the time 10 minutes.
Embodiment 3
(1)Prepare raw material:The SiC that the high purity magnesium and rafifinal and average grain diameter of 99.9% or more preparation are 60 nanometers;
(2)Molten alloy:By high purity magnesium and aluminium according to 1.5:1 atomic ratio dispensing, in CO2With the mixed gas of SF6 Middle melting, wherein CO2It is 50 with SF6 volume ratio:1;The nano SiC for accounting for alloy mass score 1.8% is added in fusion process, protects Temperature is held at 700 °C, the method using ultrasound is dispersed;
(3)Slow cooling, cooling velocity 0.2k per second are carried out to alloy pig;It keeps vacuumizing shape during cooling State, vacuum degree 4torr;
(4)After cooling, alloy pig is processed into discoid;
(5)The coarse-grain alloy disks that step (4) are handled are put into the space of the formation of the groove in upper and lower two anvils It is interior, 5GPa high pressure is applied to alloy, and be allowed to be distorted to reverse alloy disks with 2 turns of speed per minute rotation anvil Deformation, a corotating 3 circle;
(6)Start Multi-functional rolling system, sets the speed ratio of top and bottom rolls, speed ratio 1.5;Set each rolling deformation Amount is 3%;The speed of low speed roller is set as 2 meter per seconds;
(7)Start main driving motor, starts the operation of rolling;
(8)After once rolling, repeat(6)(7)Process 20 times;
(9)In 170 degrees Celsius of progress full annealed heat treatments, the time 20 minutes.
Embodiment 4
(1)Prepare raw material:The SiC that the high purity magnesium and rafifinal and average grain diameter of 99.9% or more preparation are 150 nanometers;
(2)Molten alloy:By high purity magnesium and aluminium according to 1:1 atomic ratio dispensing, in CO2In the mixed gas of SF6 Melting, wherein CO2It is 50 with SF6 volume ratio:1;The nano SiC for accounting for alloy mass score 3% is added in fusion process, keeps temperature Degree at 700 °C, dispersed by the method using ultrasound;
(3)Slow cooling, cooling velocity 0.2k per second are carried out to alloy pig;It keeps vacuumizing shape during cooling State, vacuum degree are lower than 4torr;
(4)After cooling, alloy pig is processed into discoid;
(5)The coarse-grain alloy disks that step (4) are handled are put into the space of the formation of the groove in upper and lower two anvils It is interior, 2GPa high pressure is applied to alloy, and be allowed to be distorted to reverse alloy disks with 2 turns of speed per minute rotation anvil Deformation, a corotating 20 circle;
(6)Start Multi-functional rolling system, sets the speed ratio of top and bottom rolls, speed ratio 1.1;Set each rolling deformation Amount is 8%;The speed of low speed roller is set as 0.5 meter per second;
(7)Start main driving motor, starts the operation of rolling;
(8)After once rolling, repeat(6)(7)Process 23 times;
(9)In 180 degrees Celsius of progress full annealed heat treatments, the time 8 minutes.
Embodiment 5
(1)Prepare raw material:The SiC that the high purity magnesium and rafifinal and average grain diameter of 99.9% or more preparation are 90 nanometers;
(2)Molten alloy:By high purity magnesium and aluminium according to 1:1.5 atomic ratio dispensing, in CO2With the mixed gas of SF6 Middle melting, wherein CO2It is 80 with SF6 volume ratio:1;The nano SiC for accounting for alloy mass score 1.5% is added in fusion process, protects Temperature is held at 700 °C, the method using ultrasound is dispersed;
(3)Slow cooling, cooling velocity 0.4k per second are carried out to alloy pig;It keeps vacuumizing shape during cooling State, vacuum degree 5torr;
(4)After cooling, alloy pig is processed into discoid;
(5)The coarse-grain alloy disks that step (4) are handled are put into the space of the formation of the groove in upper and lower two anvils It is interior, 1.5GPa high pressure is applied to alloy, and be allowed to turn round to reverse alloy disks with 3 turns of speed per minute rotation anvil Curved change, a corotating 10 circle;
(6)Start Multi-functional rolling system, sets the speed ratio of top and bottom rolls, speed ratio 1.3;Set each rolling deformation Amount is 2%;The speed of low speed roller is set as 2 meter per seconds;
(7)Start main driving motor, starts the operation of rolling;
(8)After once rolling, repeat(6)(7)Process 20 times;
(9)In 180 degrees Celsius of progress full annealed heat treatments, the time 3 minutes.
Performance detection:
Tensile test at room temperature is carried out, the tensile strength of the alloy of each embodiment preparation is obtained;Using transmission electron microscope analysis, obtain To the crystal grain diameter of alloy;The atomic ratio of magnalium is obtained using atomic absorption spectroscopy;As a result such as following table:
Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3 Embodiment 4 Embodiment 5
Tensile strength(MPa) 422 436 444 463 460
Average crystal grain diameter(Nanometer) 86 77 79 92 84
Elongation percentage(%) 48 42 42 43 41
It can see from upper table, using the present invention, do the tensile strength of the magnesium alloy prepared in 400MPa or more, extend Rate is much higher than state of the art 40% or more.
The above is only some examples of embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that:For the technology people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention, for example, some other alloying elements can be added in the alloy, to improve its property Energy.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of SiC reinforcement magnesium alloy, it is characterised in that:The magnesium alloy is by magnesium, aluminium element and nanometer silicon carbide structure At;The atomic ratio of magnalium is 3:1 to 1:Between 1.5;The average diameter of silicon carbide is at 200 nanometers hereinafter, magnesium alloy is put down Equal crystal grain is at 80 nanometers hereinafter, the tensile strength of alloy is in 400MPa or more, 40% or more elongation percentage;Its manufacturing method include with Lower step:
(1)Prepare raw material:The high purity magnesium and rafifinal and average grain diameter of 99.9% or more purity of preparation are 200 nanometers below Nano SiC;
(2)Molten alloy:By high purity magnesium and aluminium according to certain atomic ratio dispensing, the melting in protective atmosphere, fusion process Middle addition nano SiC, maintains the temperature at 700 DEG C, and the method using ultrasound is dispersed;
(3)Slow cooling is carried out to alloy pig, evacuated state is kept during cooling, vacuum degree is lower than 5torr;
(4)After cooling, alloy pig is processed into discoid;
(5)The coarse-grain alloy disks that step (4) are handled are put into the space of the formation of the groove in upper and lower two anvils, it is right Alloy applies high pressure, and rotates anvil to reverse alloy disks, is allowed to the deformation that is distorted;
(6)Start Multi-functional rolling system, sets the speed ratio of top and bottom rolls, speed ratio 1.1-1.5;Set each rolling deformation Amount is 1-8%;The speed of low speed roller is set as 0.5-2 meter per second;
(7)Start main driving motor, starts the operation of rolling;
(8)After once rolling, repeat(6)(7)Process 15 times or more;
(9)Carry out full annealed heat treatment.
2. SiC reinforcement magnesium alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Protective gas in preparation method is CO2With SF6 Mixed gas.
3. SiC reinforcement magnesium alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Cooling velocity in preparation method is small In 0.5k per second.
4. SiC reinforcement magnesium alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Alloy is applied in preparation method Pressure be 1.5-5GPa, 2 ~ 5 turns per minute of rotation speed.
5. SiC reinforcement magnesium alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Magnesium in step (2) in preparation method Atomic ratio with aluminium is 3 ~ 6:1.
6. SiC reinforcement magnesium alloy as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Rolling temperature in preparation method is Room temperature.
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CN108336347B (en) * 2018-02-24 2020-08-04 北京航空航天大学 Nanocrystalline aluminum material, preparation method and application thereof, and aluminum-air fuel cell
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CN104213008B (en) * 2014-08-16 2016-08-17 无棣向上机械设计服务有限公司 A kind of high-strength magnesium alloy
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