CN105499823B - With slag system class welding material without carrying out the formula method for designing of formula adjusting - Google Patents
With slag system class welding material without carrying out the formula method for designing of formula adjusting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105499823B CN105499823B CN201610006569.8A CN201610006569A CN105499823B CN 105499823 B CN105499823 B CN 105499823B CN 201610006569 A CN201610006569 A CN 201610006569A CN 105499823 B CN105499823 B CN 105499823B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 16
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010038629 Molybdoferredoxin Proteins 0.000 description 4
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- 229910002467 CrFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Mo] Chemical compound [Fe].[Mo] HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015325 MoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PDMMFKSKQVNJMI-BLQWBTBKSA-N Testosterone propionate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](OC(=O)CC)[C@@]1(C)CC2 PDMMFKSKQVNJMI-BLQWBTBKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;magnesium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of band slag system class welding material without carrying out the formula method for designing of formula adjusting, belong to a kind of welding material formulatory arts, method includes that the component thing of reference object welding material sample determines mutually, the group of the constituent content of reference object welding material sample measures, the step such as the preparation of welding material sample and experiment sieving；By the independent test of group's sample, the method that calculates and screen, welding material formula is capable of disposably screening and shaping substantially, formula quantity is few, conventional solder material design is avoided to need the link of a large amount of formula adjustings, efficiency is high, cycle is short and the pilot project that requires using the application of this welding material is as performance assessment criteria, it is ensured that the formula reliable results filtered out, technical merit can reach or substantially close to the technical merit of reference object welding material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding material formulatory arts, in particular, the invention mainly relates to one
Plant band slag system class welding material and determine method without the formula carrying out formula adjusting.
Background technology
Band slag system class welding material includes welding rod, submerged arc flux, electroslag welding solder flux, flux-cored wire, soldering
The products such as solder flux, its constituent generally includes mineral, compound, alloy, Organic substance, binding agent, group
Becoming thing several up to ten, each component plays gas making, slag making, deoxidation, alloying etc. in welding process respectively
Important function, its formula feature directly determines technology stability and the weldquality of welding process, is welding
Investigation of materials and the core technology of manufacture.At present, the formula design of common welding material realizes flow process such as Fig. 1
Shown in, it is specially according to application type, sets a basic constituent framework, i.e. determine constituent
Basis constitute；Further according to formula design theory, the ratio of constituent is distributed roughly；Then
Carry out soldering test, observe the features such as the technological effect of soldering test, chemical composition, mechanical property, finally
Result feedback according to result of the test, carries out a large amount of adjustment of recipe ingredient；Carry out repeating test, until reaching
To formula expected design target.
The formula method for designing of above-mentioned welding material is primarily present problems with: one is solvent framework
System falls behind, and is derived from conventional formulation more, for special mineral and the understanding of special compound and application deficiency,
Its component system framework is bad adaptability in high-strength steel, rustless steel, the special welding material such as Ni-based.Two is every
Individual component generally plays multiple effect in welding process simultaneously, and formula adjustment test adjusts one by one with single factor test
Being main, adjustment process is attended to one thing and lose sight of another, it is difficult to the multinomial manufacturability and the mechanical performance that realize whole welding material are wanted
The balance asked.Three is that formula design theory falls behind, and lacks and supports, it is impossible to composition in special welding material
The adjustment of thing and ratio thereof is effectively instructed.Thus modal one is as a result, welding material passes through
After up to thousands of formula adjustings, the welding usability of the product formed and weld metal performance still with technology
Requirement has a long way to go, it is impossible to meet user's request.Particularly in high-end welderings such as rustless steel, Ni-based, heat resisting steel
Connect in the formulating of material, be difficult to obtain high-quality welding material formula by conventional formulation method for designing.
It is therefore desirable to the method for designing for the welding material formula of advanced level is studied and is improved.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is for above-mentioned deficiency, it is provided that a kind of band slag system class welding material is without entering
The formula of row formula adjusting determines method, the mode test based on cohort analysis, calculate, screened, with expectation
The welding material component Frame Design system in prior art that solves falls behind, and easily attends to one thing and lose sight of another during formula adjustment,
And support, the welding usability of the welding material product of formation are lacked for the design of special welding material prescription
Require that gap is bigger with weld metal performance and technology, it is impossible to meet the technical problem such as demand of user.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
According to an aspect of the invention, it is provided a kind of band slag system class welding material is without carrying out formula adjusting
Formula method for designing, described method comprises the steps:
Step A, the medicated powder separated in reference object sample, pulverize medicated powder, to refine medicated powder further
Granularity；
Step B, will pulverize after medicated powder sample send into observation device, in the field range of observation device, note
Record medicated powder sample has constituent species quantity and/or the appearance structure of independent thing phase；
Step C, employing composition analysis device, know the chemical composition of in field range every kind independent thing phase
, and respectively by the chemical composition that every kind of independent thing is corresponding mutually do not list with chemical element；
Step D, employing X-ray diffraction method or x-ray fluorescence method, measure the medicated powder sample after pulverizing and comprised
Chemical composition and chemical element information, and carry out with the chemical composition listed in previous step and chemical element
Comparison, whether chemical composition and the chemical element listed in verification previous step have phase shortage；When result is current
Chemical composition that step measurement obtains and chemical element information contain the whole chemistry listed in previous step
When composition and chemical element, then judged result is qualified, determines the medicated powder component of reference object sample；Otherwise,
Repeat step B and step C；
Step E, by reference object sample separate medicated powder be divided at least 8 parts of independent sample；It is respectively adopted
Chemical composition method of testing in fixed medicated powder component, various chemical compositions containing in every part of independent sample
Amount percentage ratio is measured；Then at least 8 parts of independent sample mensuration obtained, various chemical compositions contains
Amount percent data carries out collecting and listing respectively；
Step F, medicated powder component according to the reference object sample determined, and previous step determines at least
The percentage composition data of various chemical compositions in 8 parts of independent sample, carry out welding material test specimen respectively
Preparation, obtains at least 8 parts of welding material test specimens；
Step G, at least 8 parts of welding material test specimens of general carry out soldering test respectively with reference object sample,
Record test data also collects, by the test data of at least 8 parts of welding material test specimens and reference object sample
The test data of product carries out contrasting and recipe determination, and then screens at least 8 parts of welding material test specimens
Go out with reference object sample closest to welding material test specimen, will filter out welding material test sample
The percentage composition data of the various chemical compositions of product are defined as the formula of reference object sample.
According to another aspect of the present invention, further technical scheme is: collects in described step E and divides
In at least 8 parts of independent sample do not listed after the percentage composition data of various chemical compositions, also at least 8
In part independent sample, the percentage composition data of various chemical compositions verify, verification requirement be every part solely
In vertical sample, various component contents are added in the interval of 99% to 101% mutually；In at least 8 parts of independent sample together
When the meansigma methods of one composition content accounting in independent sample is more than or equal to 10%, right in every part of independent sample
Answer the absolute error between the measured value of composition and meansigma methods less than or equal to 1%；In at least 8 parts of independent sample together
When the meansigma methods of one composition content accounting in independent sample is less than 10%, corresponding one-tenth in every part of independent sample
Absolute error between measured value and the meansigma methods divided is less than or equal to 0.5%；When at least 8 parts of independent sample are appointed
When the percentage composition data of the chemical composition of meaning one or more parts are unsatisfactory for verifying requirement, deletion is unsatisfactory for
The independent sample of verification requirement, sample presentation and deletion quantity in the medicated powder again separated from reference object sample
Identical independent sample, repeats step E；Otherwise then determine various chemical compositions at least 8 parts of independent sample
Percentage composition data, continue executing with next step；
Further technical scheme is: the chemical composition method of testing in described step E includes XRF
Method of testing and chemical method or both central any one.
Further technical scheme is: the reference object sample in described step A includes welding rod sample, medicine
Core welding wire sample, solder flux sample and brazing flux sample；The mode that described welding rod sample uses machinery to tap peels off weldering
Medicated powder outside bar, described flux-cored wire sample uses the mode of shearing or grinding to destroy the metal of flux-cored wire
Obtaining internal medicated powder after crust, described solder flux sample and brazing flux sample are directly taken.
Further technical scheme is: use mechanical lapping or the mode general's separation rolled in described step A
The medicated powder gone out is crushed to homogeneous granularity less than 300 microns.
Further technical scheme is: in described step B in the field range of observation device, also use
Tape measure particle size data, and by chemical composition corresponding mutually with every kind of independent thing for particle size data and change
Element is listed, appearance structure is listed respectively.
Further technical scheme is: first to preparing the former of welding material test specimen in described step F
Material is rechecked, and when in the degree of purity and previous step of described raw-material chemical composition content at least 8
In part independent sample, the deviation between the percentage composition data of various chemical compositions is within 2%, and granularity
When deviation is within 10%, then carry out the preparation of welding material test specimen.
Further technical scheme is: the soldering test in described step G include welding usability test,
Weld defects detection, welding deposited metal composition detection, the detection of weld(ing) deposit performance.
Further technical scheme is: the test of described welding usability is the width of weld seam, linearity, height
The test of degree, Pingdu, and the stability of welding arc, spatter, welding take off slag and flow with welding slag
Property test in any one or more；Described weld defects detection be butt welded seam crackle, pore, undercut,
Load mould detects with any one or more in slag inclusion；Described weld(ing) deposit chemical composition is detected as
Carbon in butt welded seam deposition, manganese, silicon, ferrum, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic, stannum, antimony, boron,
Any one or more in aluminum, titanium, vanadium, lead, lanthanum detects；The performance inspection of described weld(ing) deposit
Survey and include the tension test of weld deposit, bend test, impact test, corrosion testing, high-temerature creep test
With any one or more in stress-rupture tester.
Further technical scheme is: in described step G with reference object sample closest to weld material
Material test specimen is for compared with reference object sample, and in welding usability, quantifiable characteristic deviation exists
Within 20%, the most quantifiable feature is more than or equal to reference object sample, and weld(ing) deposit chemistry becomes
Divide identical with reference object sample or close with the data of weld(ing) deposit performance, and meet reference object sample
The technical standard requirement that product are corresponding.
Compared with prior art, mainly the providing the benefit that of the present invention:
1) welding material formula is capable of disposably screening and shaping substantially, formula quantity is few, it is to avoid often
Needing the link of a large amount of formula adjusting during rule welding material design, efficiency is high, and the cycle is short, dependable performance, special
It not anti-defect ability and the mechanical performance of product.
2) apply the pilot project required as performance assessment criteria using this welding material, it is ensured that the formula knot filtered out
Fruit is reliable, and technical merit can reach or substantially close to the technical merit of reference object welding material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic process flow diagram of conventional solder material formula design；
Fig. 2 is the method flow schematic block diagram for one embodiment of the invention is described；
Fig. 3 is the diffraction analysis figure for the embodiment of the present invention 1 is described；
Fig. 4 is the diffraction analysis figure for the embodiment of the present invention 2 is described；
Fig. 5 is the diffraction analysis figure for the embodiment of the present invention 3 is described；
Fig. 6 is the diffraction analysis figure for the embodiment of the present invention 4 is described.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is the tensile strength 800MPa rank that weld seam impact toughness is not less than 47J after a kind of heat treatment
High tensile steel electrode formula determines；The high tensile steel electrode of tensile strength 800MPa level be ocean engineering, large-scale water power,
Engineering machinery, a kind of product of field of steel structure widespread demand, now with the expansion of high-strength steel application,
Carry out the requirement of annealing heat treatment after creating welding, and the impact flexibility of Weld Performance is not less than 47J.And
There is embrittlement in high tensile steel electrode after sweating heat processes, impact flexibility is extremely difficult to technology requirement.
The 800MPa level welding rod sample conduct that after selecting a kind of good manufacturability, sweating heat to process, impact flexibility is outstanding
Reference object, has carried out Formula Development according to method proposed by the invention, and welding rod prescription determines that method is as follows:
Step S1, the thing of reference object determine mutually:
Step S11, employing scraper tap and peel off coating outside welding rod, separate to coating with internal steel core；
Step S12, by rolling method will peel off after coating crush, further in agate mortar grind
Coating granule, 100% sieves, to whole granules less than 300 microns；
Step S13, will pulverize after medicated powder sample be homogeneously disposed on the slide of 15 × 15 × 2mm, and use 502
After colloid solidifies, send into and observe under scanning electron microscope；The scanning electron microscope selected in the present embodiment is HITACHI
SU8010, accelerating potential 20kV；
Step S14, under scanning electron microscope, by sample according to 50 times, 100 times, 300 times, 500 times, 1000
Multiple again carries out visual field amplification, the kind quantity of record component, and uses tape measure different component granule
Degree information；
Step S15, employing energy depressive spectroscopy equipment are as composition analysis device, to scanning electron microscope visual field Nei Guan
Each of observe independent thing phase component composition to be identified；Energy spectrum analysis equipment choosing in the present embodiment
Horiba X-max；
Step S16, the thing phase constituent and the granularity information that step S14 and step S15 are obtained collect,
In obtained coating, the information of composition is as shown in table 1；
Table 1: coating thing phase constituent
| Thing phase and chemical element | Granularity | Shape |
| Fluorite (CaF2) | About 50-100um | Irregular |
| Quartz (SiO2) | About 70-150um | Irregular |
| Dolomite (CaMg (CO3)2) | About 100-200um | Irregular |
| Rutile (TiO2) | About 100-200um | Irregular |
| Iron powder (Fe) | About 100-250um | Irregular |
| Manganese powder (Mn) | About 70-250um | Irregular |
| Nikel powder (Ni) | About 70-150um | Irregular |
| Ferrosilicon (FeSi) | About 50-150um | Pelletiod |
| Ferrochrome (CrFe) | About 80-200um | Irregular |
| Molybdenum-iron (MoFe) | About 30-120um | Irregular |
Step S17, component verify: use method of X-ray diffraction, measurement to pulverize medicated powder sample and comprised
Chemical composition and chemical element information, as shown in Figure 3.X-ray diffraction equipment choosing X ' Pert PRO；
Collect composition with table 1 and element information compare, verification thing mutually in identify whether there is phase shortage；Result
Chemical composition and element information in step S16 can be contained, it is judged that result is qualified；Complete welding material target sample
The determination of component in product.
Step S2, the assay of reference object:
Step S21, medicated powder isolated in reference object sample is uniformly divided into 8 parts of independent sample；
Step S22, every 1 part of sample, use chemical composition method of testing, to the thing identified in table 1
Content the most in the sample is measured；Wherein chemical composition analysis method choice is XRF method of testing
And chemical method；
Step S23, by 8 groups of data summarization measured by the step S2 stage, be shown in Table 2；
The measurement result (mass percent) of table 2:8 group independent sample
| Sample number into spectrum | Fluorite | Dolomite | Rutile | Quartz | Iron powder | Manganese powder | Nikel powder | Ferrosilicon | Ferrochrome | Molybdenum-iron |
| 1 | 32.08 | 19.30 | 6.21 | 5.11 | 13.64 | 5.61 | 4.61 | 8.43 | 3.25 | 1.66 |
| 2 | 33.03 | 18.14 | 6.22 | 5.76 | 13.90 | 5.39 | 4.87 | 8.32 | 3.14 | 1.43 |
| 3 | 33.07 | 18.86 | 6.47 | 5.85 | 13.07 | 5.66 | 4.60 | 8.22 | 3.20 | 1.49 |
| 4 | 32.50 | 18.18 | 6.13 | 5.26 | 13.99 | 5.68 | 4.67 | 8.33 | 3.15 | 1.41 |
| 5 | 33.04 | 18.43 | 6.14 | 5.69 | 14.12 | 5.71 | 4.77 | 8.23 | 3.14 | 1.43 |
| 6 | 33.12 | 18.14 | 6.30 | 5.40 | 13.88 | 5.79 | 4.72 | 8.48 | 3.18 | 1.49 |
| 7 | 32.93 | 18.77 | 6.47 | 5.69 | 13.61 | 5.64 | 4.86 | 8.12 | 3.14 | 1.47 |
| 8 | 32.99 | 18.62 | 6.47 | 5.05 | 13.92 | 5.71 | 4.78 | 8.33 | 3.16 | 1.47 |
| Meansigma methods | 32.97 | 18.56 | 6.30 | 5.48 | 13.77 | 5.65 | 4.74 | 8.31 | 3.17 | 1.48 |
The reasonability of one group of data of each sample in table 2 result is judged: each constituent content measures number
After being added, the summation of No. 1 to No. 8 Example Test Data is respectively as follows: 99.9, and 100.2,100.49,99.3,
100.7,100.5,100.7,100.5.Sum data meets the margin of tolerance of 100% ± 1%, conforms to
Ask.
Each component reasonability of tested data in 8 groups of independent sample is judged: calculate each group
Absolute error value between test value and the meansigma methods divided, such as table 3.The test of fluorite, dolomite and iron powder is put down
Average is content accounting >=10% in medicated powder, and the absolute error between each measured value and meansigma methods is all less than
1%.Remaining ingredient testing mean is content accounting ＜ 10% in medicated powder, between each measured value and meansigma methods
Absolute error less than 0.5%；Meeting the requirements, the test data of 8 groups of independent sample meet requirement.
Table 3: the absolute error (wt%) between one pack system measured value and meansigma methods
The preparation of step S3, welding material sample and experiment sieving:
Step S31, according to the composition of thing phase identified in table 1, granularity data message prepare former material
Material, and raw material is rechecked, select after meeting feature described in table 1；
Step S32, according to 8 groups of data results determined by table 2, carry out welding material test specimen
Preparation.The preparation of soldering test sample selects EB3 small welding rod hydraulic press to be prepared, and pressure is 25 tons；
Step S33,8 groups of test specimens and reference object sample are carried out soldering test, at low-alloy simultaneously
Carrying out in the vertical position of welding bevel for welding of steel, welding parameter is completely the same, wherein electric current 135A, voltage 25V,
Speed of welding 5.8-6cm/min, weld heat input is 35kj/cm.Content of the test includes welding usability, weldering
Connect defects detection, weld(ing) deposit chemical composition, weld(ing) deposit performance.Wherein, welding usability
Record weld width, linearity, highly, welding arc stablility, spatter, welding take off slag, welding
Slag fluidity.Weld defects detection observes bead crack, pore, undercut, load mould, slag inclusion.Weld seam melts
The deposited metal sampling of metallisation chemical composition detection Weld pipe mill.After weld metal performance is for annealing,
Including tension test and-40 DEG C of impact tests；
Test data obtained in step S34, aggregation step S33, enters with reference object welding material sample
Row contrast and recipe determination；The result of test process performance is as shown in table 4；
Table 4: soldering test manufacturability shows
In test specimen, sample 1 and sample 4 are done well, and manufacturability is outstanding, arc stability, welding
The technical characteristics such as splashing, the removability of slag are all not less than reference object.From quantization parameters such as the width of weld seam and height
Assessment, sample 4 is consistent with the forming dimension of reference object, assesses composition and performance further with sample 4；
Such as the table 5 that compares of the weld(ing) deposit chemical composition data of sample 4 and original-pack sample, chemical composition with
Reference object is basically identical；
Table 5: metal chemical composition (mass percent)
| Sample number into spectrum | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo |
| Reference object | 0.047 | 0.758 | 1.5 | 0.0063 | 0.003 | 2.89 | 0.362 | 0.315 |
| Sample 4 | 0.046 | 0.735 | 1.46 | 0.0064 | 0.003 | 2.95 | 0.358 | 0.314 |
Weld seam is carried out annealing after welding, at a temperature of 560 DEG C, is incubated 5 hours, and adds by technology requirement
Work tensile sample and impact specimen.The weld joint mechanical performance of sample 4 compares such as table 6 with original-pack sample, all accords with
Close the technical standard requirement corresponding to this product.
Table 6: Weld Performance
After the step S3 stage screens, determine that the formula of sample 4 is that weld seam impact toughness is the lowest after heat treatment
In the tensile strength 800MPa grade high-strength steel electrode formula of 47J, it is shown in Table 7.Formula design process achieves
Disposable screening and sizing, formula quantity is few, it is to avoid need a large amount of formula to adjust during conventional solder material design
The link of examination, efficiency is high, and the cycle is short, reliable results, and technical merit can reach reference object welding material
Fairly horizontal.
Table 7: welding rod prescription (mass percent)
| Fluorite | Dolomite | Rutile | Quartz | Iron powder | Manganese powder | Nikel powder | Ferrosilicon | Ferrochrome | Molybdenum-iron |
| 32.50 | 18.18 | 6.13 | 5.26 | 13.99 | 5.68 | 4.67 | 8.33 | 3.15 | 1.41 |
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is that a kind of submerged arc flux formula for hydrogenation reactor 2.25Cr-1Mo material determines；
2.25Cr-1Mo steel is a kind of creep resistant steel material commonly used in large-scale petrochemical equipment.Large-scale hydrogenation reaction
The container butt weld of device commonly uses submerged arc welding process and completes, for the chemical composition degree of purity of welding point
Have high requirements with performance indications such as intensity, impact flexibility and resistance to temper brittleness, can fully meet at present
2.25Cr-1Mo uses the welding SAW materials required less.
Select the outstanding 2.25Cr-1Mo steel submerged arc flux sample of a kind of good manufacturability, combination property as ginseng
According to object, carry out Formula Development according to method proposed by the invention；The formula of solder flux determines that method is as follows:
Step S1, the thing of reference object determine mutually:
Step S11, directly take solder flux, measure 500g；
Step S12, by rolling method, flux particle is crushed, grind in agate mortar further
Flux particle, 100% sieves, to whole granules less than 200 microns；
Step S13, will pulverize after medicated powder sample be homogeneously disposed on the slide of 15 × 15 × 2mm, and use contain
After carbonaceous conductive adhesive tape is fixed, sends into and observe under scanning electron microscope.The scanning electron microscope selected in the present embodiment is
Phenom Pro, accelerating potential 20kV；
Step S14, under scanning electron microscope, by sample according to 100 times, 200 times, 500 times, 800 times,
The multiple of 2000 times carries out visual field amplification, the kind quantity of record component, and uses tape measure different component
Granularity information and shape information；
Step S15, employing energy depressive spectroscopy equipment are as composition analysis device, to scanning electron microscope visual field Nei Guan
Each of observe independent thing phase component composition to be identified；Energy spectrum analysis equipment choosing in the present embodiment
Phenom ProX；
Step S16, the thing phase constituent obtained in step S14 and step S15 and granularity information are collected,
In obtained solder flux, the information of composition is as shown in table 8；
Table 8: solder flux thing phase constituent
| Thing phase and chemical element | Granularity | Shape |
| Periclase (MgO) | About 10-120um | Fine grained reunion shape |
| Fluorite (CaF2) | About 50-100um | Irregular |
| Calcite (CaCO3) | About 70-150um | Irregular |
| Quartz (SiO2) | About 100-200um | Irregular |
| Potassium feldspar (K2O·Al2O3·6SiO2) | About 10-50um | Irregular |
| Low-carbon ferromanganese (MnFe) | About 70-250um | Irregular |
| Ferrosilicon (FeSi) | About 50-150um | Pelletiod |
| Ferrochrome (CrFe) | About 80-200um | Irregular |
Step S17, component verify: use method of X-ray diffraction, measurement to pulverize medicated powder sample and comprised
Chemical composition and chemical element information, as shown in Figure 4；X-ray diffraction equipment choosing XRD-Terra；
Collect composition with table 8 and element information compare, verification thing mutually in identify whether there is phase shortage；Result
Can contain step S16, middle chemical composition and element information, the judged result of component is qualified.Complete welding material
The determination of component in target sample；
Step S2, the assay of reference object:
Step S21, solder flux as reference object sample in step S1 is uniformly divided into 10 parts of independent sample；
Step S22, every 1 part of sample, use chemical composition method of testing, to the thing identified in table 8
Content the most in the sample is measured.Used chemical composition analysis method choice is XRF test
Method and chemical method；
Step S23, by 10 groups of data summarization measured by the step S2 stage, be shown in Table 9；
The measurement result (mass percent) of table 9:10 group independent sample
| Sample number into spectrum | Periclase | Fluorite | Calcite | Quartz | Potassium feldspar | Low-carbon ferromanganese | Ferrosilicon | Ferrochrome |
| 1 | 34.54 | 28.68 | 19.01 | 13.66 | 0.2 | 2.93 | 1.35 | 0.28 |
| 2 | 34.31 | 28.44 | 18.68 | 13.43 | 0.19 | 2.86 | 1.23 | 0.32 |
| 3 | 34.32 | 28.48 | 19.43 | 12.4 | 0.18 | 2.86 | 1.61 | 0.3 |
| 4 | 34.25 | 28.45 | 19.27 | 13.56 | 0.18 | 2.86 | 1.69 | 0.4 |
| 5 | 33.89 | 29.2 | 19.81 | 13.2 | 0.17 | 2.76 | 1.53 | 0.27 |
| 6 | 34.15 | 28.53 | 19.03 | 13.08 | 0.13 | 2.79 | 1.35 | 0.43 |
| 7 | 34.33 | 28.96 | 19.2 | 12.9 | 0.16 | 2.86 | 1.35 | 0.27 |
| 8 | 34.46 | 28.95 | 19.39 | 13.34 | 0.2 | 2.84 | 1.38 | 0.35 |
| 9 | 33.92 | 28.89 | 18.92 | 12.69 | 0.17 | 2.77 | 1.43 | 0.36 |
| 10 | 33.87 | 29.15 | 18.78 | 12.71 | 0.21 | 2.81 | 1.29 | 0.25 |
| Meansigma methods | 34.204 | 28.773 | 19.152 | 13.097 | 0.179 | 2.834 | 1.421 | 0.323 |
The reasonability of one group of data of each sample in table 9 result is judged: each constituent content measures number
After being added, the summation of No. 1 to No. 10 Example Test Data is respectively as follows: 100.65, and 99.46,99.58,
100.66,100.83,99.49,100.03,100.91,99.15,99.07.Sum data is satisfied by 100%
The margin of tolerance of ± 1%, meets the requirements；
Each component reasonability of tested data in 10 groups of independent sample is judged: calculate each group
Absolute error value between test value and the meansigma methods divided, such as table 10.Periclase, fluorite, calcite and stone
The testing mean of English content accounting >=10% in medicated powder, definitely missing between each measured value and meansigma methods
Difference is all less than 1%.Remain 4 kinds of component testing mean content accountings ＜ 10% in medicated powder, each measurement
Absolute error between value and meansigma methods meets the requirements less than 0.5%..The test data of 10 groups of independent sample
Meet requirement；
Table 10: the absolute error (wt%) between one pack system measured value and meansigma methods
The preparation of step S3, welding material sample and experiment sieving:
Step S31, according to the composition of thing phase identified in table 8, granularity data message prepare former material
Material, and raw material is rechecked, select after meeting feature described in table 8；
Step S32, according to 10 groups of data test results determined by table 9, carry out welding material test
The preparation of sample.The preparation of soldering test sample selects the last five 1000 type electric furnace to be fired, and fires temperature
Degree is 750 degrees Celsius, is incubated 2 hours；
Step S33,10 groups of test specimens and reference object sample are carried out soldering test simultaneously,
Carrying out in the bevel for welding of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, welding parameter is completely the same, wherein electric current 500A, voltage 30V,
Speed of welding 40cm/min, weld heat input 22.5KJ/cm.Content of the test includes welding usability, welding
Defects detection, weld(ing) deposit chemical composition, weld(ing) deposit performance.Wherein, welding usability note
Record weld width, linearity, highly, welding arc stablility, welding de-slag, welding slag mobility.
Weld defects detection observes bead crack, pore, undercut, load mould, slag inclusion.Weld(ing) deposit chemistry becomes
Go-on-go surveys the deposited metal sampling of Weld pipe mill.After weld metal performance is for annealing, including room temperature tensile
Test and-30 DEG C of impact tests；
Step S34, aggregation step S33, obtained in test data, enter with reference object welding material sample
Row contrast and recipe determination.The result of test process performance is as shown in table 11.
Table 11: soldering test manufacturability shows
In test specimen, sample 7 and sample 8 are done well, and manufacturability is outstanding, arc stability, welding
The technical characteristics such as splashing, the removability of slag are all not less than reference object.Quantifiable from the width of weld seam and height etc.
Forming parameter consider, sample 8 with reference object closer to consistent.Sample 8 is selected to carry out further deposition
Metallographictest.
The weld(ing) deposit chemical composition data of sample 8 compares such as table 12, chemical composition with original-pack sample
Basically identical with reference object sample.
Table 12: metal chemical composition (mass percent)
Use technical conditions according to 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, calculate its temper embrittlement sensitivity coefficient:
X=(10P+5Sb+4Sn+As) × 10-2, in formula, element substitutes into ppm content, it is desirable to X is less than 10.
The X coefficient being calculated reference object is 9.43, and the X coefficient of sample 8 is 8.48.Returning of sample 8
Fire embrittlement-sensitive coefficient is lower, meets requirement.
Weld seam is carried out annealing after welding, processes (Max.PWHT:690 DEG C × 32h) and minimum in maximum heat
Under the conditions of heat treatment (Min.PWHT:690 DEG C × 8h), complete Weld Performance evaluation test, deposition gold
The room temperature stretch test result belonged to and the contrast of target product, be shown in Table 13.Process and at minimum thermal in maximum heat
Under the conditions of reason, the tensile property of weld metal ,-30 DEG C of impact flexibility are the most consistent with reference object product, and
Belong to design claimed range in above the average, possess enough performance margin.
Table 13: Weld Performance
After the step S3 stage screens, determine that the formula of sample 8 is for for hydrogenation reactor 2.25Cr-1Mo
The submerged arc flux formula of material, such as table 14.Formula design process achieves disposable screening and sizing, joins
Number formulary amount is few, it is to avoid need the link of a large amount of formula adjusting during conventional solder material design, and efficiency is high, week
Phase is short, reliable results, and it is fairly horizontal that technical merit can reach reference object welding material.
Table 14: flux composition (mass percent)
| Periclase | Fluorite | Calcite | Quartz | Potassium feldspar | Low-carbon ferromanganese | Ferrosilicon | Ferrochrome |
| 34.46 | 28.95 | 19.39 | 13.34 | 0.2 | 2.84 | 1.38 | 0.35 |
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is that a kind of submerged arc flux formula for hydrogenation reactor 2.25Cr-1Mo-V material is true
Fixed, 2.25Cr-1Mo-V steel is a kind of creep resistant steel material commonly used in large-scale petrochemical equipment, with
2.25Cr-1Mo compares, and adds the v element of about 0.25%, makes the creep resistance of material promote further,
It is commonly used to the large-scale petrochemical containers such as hydrogenation reactor.The container butt weld of large-scale hydrogenation reactor generally makes
Complete by submerged arc welding process, for chemical composition degree of purity and intensity, impact flexibility and resistance to time of welding point
The performance indications such as fire fragility have high requirements, and can fully meet 2.25Cr-1Mo-V at present and use require to bury
Arc-welding solder flux is little.
Select the 2.25Cr-1Mo-V steel submerged arc flux sample conduct that a kind of good manufacturability, combination property are outstanding
Reference object, has carried out Formula Development according to method proposed by the invention；Flux composition determines that method is as follows:
Step S1, the thing of reference object determine mutually:
Step S11, directly take solder flux, measure 1000g；
Step S12, by rolling method, flux particle is crushed, in mortar, grind solder flux further
Granule, 100% sieves, to whole granules less than 250 microns；
Step S13, will pulverize after medicated powder sample be homogeneously disposed on the slide of 15 × 15 × 2mm, and use solidifying
After curable type conducting resinl is fixed, sends into and observe under scanning electron microscope.The scanning electron microscope selected in the present embodiment is
Phenom Pro, accelerating potential 20kV；
Step S14, under scanning electron microscope, by sample according to 50 times, 100 times, 200 times, 500 times, 800
Again, the multiple of 2000 times carries out visual field amplification, the kind quantity of record component, and uses tape measure different
Component particles degree information and shape information；
Step S15, employing energy depressive spectroscopy equipment are as composition analysis device, to scanning electron microscope visual field Nei Guan
Each of observe independent thing phase component composition to be identified.Energy spectrum analysis equipment choosing in the present embodiment
Phenom ProX；
Step S16, the thing phase constituent and the granularity information that step S14 and step S15 are obtained collect,
In obtained solder flux, the information of composition is as shown in Table 15；
Table 15: solder flux thing phase constituent
| Thing phase and chemical element | Granularity | Shape |
| Electric capacity magnesia (MgO) | About 10-120um | Pinniform reunion shape |
| Calcite (CaCO3) | About 70-150um | Irregular |
| Fluorite (CaF2) | About 50-100um | Irregular |
| Corundum (Al2O3) | About 10-50um | Strip |
| Quartz (SiO2) | About 200-300um | Irregular |
| Aluminium fluoride (AlF3) | About 20-100um | Irregular |
| Manganese powder (MnFe) | About 70-250um | Irregular |
| Ferrosilicon (FeSi) | About 50-150um | Pelletiod |
| Ferrochrome (CrFe) | About 80-200um | Irregular |
| Vanadium iron (VFe) | About 50-120um | Irregular |
Step S17, component verify: use method of X-ray diffraction, measurement to pulverize medicated powder sample and comprised
Chemical composition and chemical element information, as shown in Figure 5；X-ray diffraction equipment choosing XRD-Terra；
Collect composition with table 15 and element information compare, verification thing mutually in identify whether there is phase shortage.Result
Can contain step S16, middle chemical composition and element information, the judged result of component is qualified；Complete welding material
The determination of component in target sample；
Step S2, the assay of reference object:
Step S21, solder flux as reference object sample in step S1 is uniformly divided into 10 parts of independent sample；
Step S22, every 1 part of sample, use chemical composition method of testing, to identified in table 15
Thing content the most in the sample is measured.Used chemical composition analysis method choice is that XRF is surveyed
Examination method and chemical method；
Step S23, by 10 groups of data summarization measured by the step S2 stage, be shown in Table 16；
The measurement result (mass percent) of table 16:10 group independent sample
| Sample number into spectrum | Periclase | Calcite | Fluorite | Corundum | Quartz | Aluminium fluoride | Manganese powder | Ferrosilicon | Ferrochrome | Vanadium iron |
| 1 | 30.12 | 22.07 | 19.64 | 18.92 | 3.42 | 1.2 | 1.93 | 1.35 | 0.28 | 0.67 |
| 2 | 30.08 | 22.82 | 19.56 | 19.06 | 3.69 | 1.19 | 1.86 | 1.23 | 0.32 | 0.73 |
| 3 | 30.65 | 21.82 | 19.56 | 19.06 | 3.64 | 1.18 | 1.86 | 1.61 | 0.3 | 0.58 |
| 4 | 30.89 | 22.56 | 19.05 | 18.73 | 3.9 | 1.02 | 1.86 | 1.69 | 0.4 | 0.77 |
| 5 | 30.2 | 22.51 | 19.18 | 19.09 | 3.83 | 1.17 | 1.76 | 1.53 | 0.27 | 0.64 |
| 6 | 30.88 | 22.88 | 18.70 | 18.80 | 3.86 | 1.13 | 1.79 | 1.35 | 0.43 | 0.72 |
| 7 | 30.43 | 22.85 | 19.39 | 18.34 | 3.81 | 1.16 | 1.86 | 1.35 | 0.27 | 0.57 |
| 8 | 30.34 | 22.50 | 19.57 | 18.12 | 3.62 | 1.2 | 1.84 | 1.38 | 0.35 | 0.62 |
| 9 | 30.39 | 21.92 | 19.89 | 18.91 | 3.78 | 1.17 | 1.77 | 1.43 | 0.36 | 0.67 |
| 10 | 30.73 | 21.98 | 18.59 | 18.88 | 3.83 | 1.21 | 1.81 | 1.29 | 0.25 | 0.63 |
| Meansigma methods | 30.57 | 22.39 | 19.31 | 18.79 | 3.74 | 1.16 | 1.83 | 1.42 | 0.32 | 0.66 |
The reasonability of one group of data of each sample in table 16 result is judged: each constituent content measures number
After being added, the summation of No. 1 to No. 10 Example Test Data is respectively as follows: 99.60, and 100.54,100.26,
100.87,100.17,100.54,100.04,99.54,100.29,99.2.Sum data is satisfied by 100%
The margin of tolerance of ± 1%, meets the requirements；
Each component reasonability of tested data in 10 groups of independent sample is judged: calculate each group
Absolute error value between test value and the meansigma methods divided, such as table 17.Periclase, fluorite, calcite and just
Beautiful testing mean content accounting >=10% in medicated powder, definitely missing between each measured value and meansigma methods
Difference is all less than 1%.Remain 6 kinds of component testing mean content accountings ＜ 10% in medicated powder, each measurement
Absolute error between value and meansigma methods meets the requirements less than 0.5%..The test data of 10 groups of independent sample
Meet requirement；
Table 17: the absolute error (wt%) between one pack system measured value and meansigma methods
| Sample number into spectrum | Periclase | Calcite | Fluorite | Corundum | Quartz | Aluminium fluoride | Manganese powder | Ferrosilicon | Ferrochrome | Vanadium iron |
| 1 | -0.43 | -0.38 | 0.43 | 0.21 | -0.38 | 0.05 | 0.11 | -0.08 | -0.05 | 0.01 |
| 2 | 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.35 | -0.11 | 0.04 | 0.04 | -0.20 | -0.01 | 0.07 |
| 3 | 0.10 | -0.63 | 0.35 | 0.35 | -0.16 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.18 | -0.03 | -0.08 |
| 4 | 0.34 | 0.11 | -0.17 | 0.03 | 0.10 | -0.13 | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.11 |
| 5 | -0.35 | 0.06 | -0.03 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.02 | -0.06 | 0.10 | -0.06 | -0.02 |
| 6 | 0.33 | 0.43 | -0.51 | 0.09 | 0.06 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.08 | 0.10 | 0.06 |
| 7 | -0.12 | 0.40 | 0.18 | -0.36 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | -0.08 | -0.06 | -0.09 |
| 8 | -0.21 | 0.05 | 0.36 | -0.59 | -0.18 | 0.05 | 0.02 | -0.05 | 0.02 | -0.04 |
| 9 | -0.16 | -0.53 | 0.68 | 0.20 | -0.02 | 0.02 | -0.05 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| 10 | 0.18 | -0.47 | -0.62 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.06 | -0.01 | -0.14 | -0.08 | -0.03 |
The preparation of step S3, welding material sample and experiment sieving:
Step S31, according to the composition of thing phase identified in table 15, granularity data message prepare former material
Material, and raw material is rechecked, select after meeting feature described in table 15；
Step S32, according to 10 groups of data test results determined by table 16, carry out welding material test
The preparation of sample.The preparation of soldering test sample selects the last five 1000 type electric furnace to be fired, and fires temperature
Degree is 750 degrees Celsius, is incubated 2 hours；
Step S33,10 groups of test specimens and reference object sample are carried out soldering test simultaneously,
Carrying out in the bevel for welding of 2.25Cr-1Mo-V steel, welding parameter is completely the same, wherein electric current 550A, voltage
30V, speed of welding 38cm/min, weld heat input is 26KJ/cm.Content of the test include welding usability,
Weld defects detection, weld(ing) deposit chemical composition, weld(ing) deposit performance.Wherein, welding procedure
Property record weld width, linearity, highly, welding arc stablility, the de-slag of welding, welding slag flowing
Property.Weld defects detection observes bead crack, pore, undercut, load mould, slag inclusion.Weld(ing) deposit
Learn the deposited metal sampling of composition detection Weld pipe mill.After weld metal performance is for annealing, including room temperature
Tension test and-30 DEG C of impact tests；
Step S34, test data obtained in the aggregation step S3 stage, with reference object welding material sample
Carry out contrasting and recipe determination.The result of test process performance is as shown in table 18；
Table 18: soldering test manufacturability shows
In test specimen, sample 6 and sample 8 are done well, and manufacturability is outstanding, arc stability, welding
The technical characteristics such as splashing, the removability of slag are all not less than reference object.Quantifiable from the width of weld seam and height etc.
Forming parameter consider, sample 6 with reference object closer to consistent.Sample 6 is selected to carry out further deposition
Metallographictest；
The weld(ing) deposit chemical composition data of sample 6 compares such as table 19, chemical composition with original-pack sample
Basically identical with reference object sample；
Table 19: metal chemical composition (mass percent)
Use technical conditions according to 2.25Cr-1Mo-V steel, calculate its temper embrittlement sensitivity coefficient:
X=(10P+5Sb+4Sn+As) × 10-2, in formula, element substitutes into ppm content, it is desirable to X is less than 10；
The X coefficient being calculated reference object is 4.4, and the X coefficient of sample 6 is 3.03.Returning of sample 6
Fire embrittlement-sensitive coefficient is lower, meets requirement.
Weld seam is carried out annealing after welding, processes (Max.PWHT:705 DEG C × 32h) and minimum in maximum heat
Under the conditions of heat treatment (Min.PWHT:705 DEG C × 8h), complete Weld Performance evaluation test, deposition gold
The results of property belonged to and the contrast of target product, be shown in Table 20；Process and under minimum thermal treatment conditions in maximum heat,
The tensile property of weld metal ,-30 DEG C of impact flexibility are the most consistent with reference object sample, and belong to that design will
That asks in scope is above the average, possesses enough performance margin；
Table 20: Weld Performance
After the step S3 stage screens, determine that the formula of sample 6 is for for hydrogenation reactor 2.25Cr-1Mo
The submerged arc flux formula of material, such as table 21.Formula design process achieves disposable screening and sizing, joins
Number formulary amount is few, it is to avoid need the link of a large amount of formula adjusting during conventional solder material design, and efficiency is high, week
Phase is short, reliable results, and technical merit can reach the peer-level of reference object welding material.
Table 21: flux composition (mass percent)
| Periclase | Calcite | Fluorite | Corundum | Quartz | Aluminium fluoride | Manganese powder | Ferrosilicon | Ferrochrome | Vanadium iron |
| 30.88 | 22.88 | 18.70 | 18.80 | 3.86 | 1.13 | 1.79 | 1.35 | 0.43 | 0.72 |
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is that a kind of stainless steel band hypervelocity electroslag welding agent prescription for surface overlaying process determines；
On ordinary carbon steel and low-alloy steel structure, built-up welding rustless steel anticorrosion layer, is to improve structural member corrosion proof
Plant the method that economy is strong, action effect is good.Strip electrode electroslag surfacing method is (the highest by its high deposition efficiency
Up to 60Kg/h), stable welding process, outstanding appearance of weld, the technical characteristic such as low solder flux consumption,
Become the most most widely used overlaying method, be widely used in container, valve, the isostructural manufacture of end socket.
But, the rustless steel high speed electroslag solder flux that built-up welding speed can stably reach more than 30cm/min is more rare,
It it is the focus of strip surfacing research field.
Select the outstanding stainless steel band hypervelocity electroslag solder flux sample of a kind of good manufacturability, combination property as ginseng
According to object, carry out Formula Development according to method proposed by the invention；The formula of solder flux determines that method is as follows:
Step S1, the thing of reference object determine mutually:
Step S11, directly take solder flux, measure 500g；
Step S12, by rolling method, flux particle is crushed, in mortar, grind solder flux further
Granule, 100% sieves, to whole granules less than 300 microns；
Step S13, will pulverize after medicated powder sample be homogeneously disposed on the slide of 15 × 15 × 2mm, and use solidifying
After curable type conducting resinl is fixed, sends into and observe under scanning electron microscope.The scanning electron microscope selected in the present embodiment is
HITACHI SU8010, accelerating potential 20kV；
Step S14, under scanning electron microscope, by sample according to 50 times, 100 times, 300 times, 500 times, 1000
Multiple again carries out visual field amplification, the kind quantity of record component, and uses tape measure different component granule
Degree information；
Step S15, employing energy depressive spectroscopy equipment are as composition analysis device, to scanning electron microscope visual field Nei Guan
Each of observe independent thing phase component composition to be identified；Energy spectrum analysis equipment choosing in the present embodiment
Horiba X-max；
Step S16, the thing phase constituent and the granularity information that step S14 and step S15 are obtained collect,
In obtained solder flux, the information of composition is as shown in table 22；
Table 22: solder flux thing phase constituent
| Thing phase and chemical element | Granularity | Shape |
| Fluorite (CaF2) | About 10-120um | Irregular |
| Corundum (Al2O3) | About 70-150um | Irregular |
| Sellaite (MgF2) | About 50-100um | Irregular |
| Quartz (SiO2) | About 200-300um | Irregular |
| Aluminium fluoride (ALF3) | About 40-100um | Irregular |
Step S17, component verify: use method of X-ray diffraction, measurement to pulverize medicated powder sample and comprised
Chemical composition and chemical element information, as shown in Figure 6；X-ray diffraction equipment choosing XRD-Terra；
Collect composition with table 22 and element information compare, verification thing mutually in identify whether there is phase shortage.Result
Can contain chemical composition and element information in step S16, the judged result of component is qualified.Complete welding material
The determination of component in target sample；
Step S2, the assay of reference object:
Step S21, solder flux as reference object sample in step S1 is uniformly divided into 8 parts of independent sample；
Step S22, every 1 part of sample, use chemical composition method of testing, to the thing identified in table 22
Content the most in the sample is measured.Used chemical composition analysis method choice is XRF test
Method and chemical method；
Step S23, by 8 groups of data summarization measured by the step S2 stage, be shown in Table 23；
The measurement result (mass percent) of table 23:10 group independent sample
| Sample number into spectrum | Fluorite | Corundum | Quartz | Aluminium fluoride | Sellaite |
| 1 | 57.32 | 25.65 | 7.42 | 6.52 | 2.31 |
| 2 | 57.65 | 25.79 | 7.69 | 6.98 | 2.45 |
| 3 | 57.96 | 25.83 | 7.64 | 6.74 | 2.62 |
| 4 | 58.01 | 25.41 | 7.6 | 6.55 | 2.78 |
| 5 | 57.82 | 25.72 | 7.83 | 6.2 | 2.12 |
| 6 | 58.21 | 26.11 | 7.36 | 6.53 | 2.65 |
| 7 | 57.76 | 25.76 | 7.81 | 6.66 | 2.71 |
| 8 | 58.06 | 25.84 | 7.62 | 6.49 | 2.51 |
| Meansigma methods | 57.95 | 25.78 | 7.72 | 6.54 | 2.56 |
The reasonability of one group of data of each sample in table 23 result is judged: each constituent content measures number
After being added, the summation of No. 1 to No. 8 Example Test Data is respectively as follows: 99.22, and 100.56,100.79,
100.35,99.69,100.86,100.7,100.52.Sum data is satisfied by the tolerance of 100% ± 1%
Scope, meets the requirements；
Each component reasonability of tested data in 8 groups of independent sample is judged: calculate each group
Absolute error value between test value and the meansigma methods divided, such as table 24；The testing mean of fluorite and corundum exists
Content accounting >=10% in medicated powder, the absolute error between each measured value and meansigma methods is all less than 1%.Surplus
Remaining quartz, aluminium fluoride and component testing mean content accounting ＜ 10% in medicated powder of sellaite, each survey
Absolute error between value and meansigma methods meets the requirements less than 0.5%..The test number of 10 groups of independent sample
According to meeting requirement；
Table 24: the absolute error (wt%) between one pack system measured value and meansigma methods
| Sample number into spectrum | Fluorite | Corundum | Quartz | Aluminium fluoride | Sellaite |
| 1 | -0.63 | -0.13 | -0.22 | -0.02 | -0.25 |
| 2 | -0.30 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.44 | -0.11 |
| 3 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.06 |
| 4 | 0.06 | -0.37 | -0.04 | 0.01 | 0.22 |
| 5 | -0.13 | -0.06 | 0.19 | -0.34 | -0.44 |
| 6 | 0.26 | 0.33 | -0.28 | -0.01 | 0.09 |
| 7 | -0.19 | -0.02 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.15 |
| 8 | 0.11 | 0.06 | -0.02 | -0.05 | -0.05 |
The preparation of step S3, welding material sample and experiment sieving:
Step S31, according to the composition of thing phase identified in table 22, granularity data message prepare former material
Material, and raw material is rechecked, select after meeting feature described in table 22.
Step S32, according to 8 groups of data test results determined by table 23, carry out welding material test sample
The preparation of product.The preparation of soldering test sample selects the last five WQ1000 type electric furnace to be fired, and fires temperature
Degree is 750 degrees Celsius, is incubated 2 hours.
Step S33,8 groups of test specimens and reference object sample are carried out soldering test, 500 × 500 simultaneously
Carrying out double-deck built-up welding on the 15CrMoR steel plate of × 65mm, first floor built-up welding welding is the EQ309L of 60 × 0.5mm
Welding, second layer built-up welding welding is the EQ316L welding of 60 × 0.5mm.Welding parameter is completely the same, wherein
Electric current 1900A, voltage 25V, speed of welding 38cm/min.Process of the test is opened magnetic control, wherein magnetic pole north
Electrode current 2.8A, South Pole electric current 2.2A.Content of the test includes welding usability, weld defects detection, weld seam
Deposited metal composition, weld(ing) deposit performance.Wherein, welding usability record weld width, straight
Dimension, highly, Pingdu, welding stability, welding take off slag, welding slag mobility.Weld defects detection
Observe bead crack, pore, undercut, load mould, slag inclusion.Weld(ing) deposit chemical composition detecting distance weldering
2.5-3.0mm below seam surface highly locates the ferrite content test of sample analysis and face of weld.Weld seam gold
Attribute can be for Huey test, size side bend test and hydrogen disbonded test.
Test data obtained in step S34, aggregation step S3, is carried out with reference object welding material sample
Contrast and recipe determination.The result of test process performance is as shown in Table 25.
Table 25: soldering test manufacturability shows
In test specimen, sample 6 and sample 7 are done well, and manufacturability is outstanding, arc stability, welding
The technical characteristics such as splashing, the removability of slag are all not less than reference object, particularly in the high-speed welding of 38cm/min
Process is sufficiently stable, does not occur that any slag is towed the phenomenon walked about by welding.From width and the height of weld seam
The quantifiable forming parameter such as degree considers, sample 6 with reference object closer to consistent.Sample 6 is selected to carry out
Further deposited metal test.
The weld(ing) deposit chemical composition data of sample 6 compares such as table 26, chemical composition with original-pack sample
Basically identical with reference object sample.
Table 26: metal chemical composition (mass percent)
| Sample number into spectrum | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo |
| Reference object | 0.22 | 0.59 | 1.48 | 0.017 | 0.002 | 17.65 | 12.37 | 2.56 |
| Sample 6 | 0.023 | 0.57 | 1.50 | 0.017 | 0.003 | 17.75 | 12.23 | 2.58 |
Using technical conditions according to rustless steel built-up welding, the as-welded ferrite content of heap postwelding should meet 3-8% scope
Requirement.Use ferrite analytical tool that the face of weld through polishing is carried out ferrite analysis, take 6 o'clock minutes
Analysis, ferrite content is as shown in table 27.Ferrite content is basically identical with target sample, meets technology requirement.
Table 27: ferrite content
| Sequence number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Reference object | 7.7 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.5 |
| Sample 6 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
Weld seam is carried out annealing after welding, after 625 DEG C × 18h heat treatment, completes Weld Performance assessment
Test, is shown in Table 28.Sample 6 all meets the technical standards in all tests with reference object.
Table 28: Weld Performance (mass percent)
After the step S3 stage screens, determine that the formula of sample 6 is for for surface overlaying process not
Rust steel band hypervelocity electroslag welding agent prescription, such as table 29.Formula design process achieves disposable screening and sizing,
Formula quantity is few, it is to avoid need the link of a large amount of formula adjusting during conventional solder material design, and efficiency is high,
Cycle is short, reliable results, and technical merit can reach the peer-level of reference object welding material.
Table 29: flux composition
| Fluorite | Corundum | Quartz | Aluminium fluoride | Sellaite |
| 58.21 | 26.11 | 7.36 | 6.53 | 2.65 |
Than that described above, in addition it is also necessary to explanation is " embodiment ", " another spoken of in this manual
One embodiment ", " embodiment " etc., refer to combine specific features that this embodiment describes, structure or
Feature is included at least one embodiment that the application generality describes.The most multiple local appearance
Statement of the same race is not necessarily to refer to same embodiment.Furthermore, it is understood that combine any embodiment to describe one
When individual specific features, structure or feature, to be advocated is combine other embodiments to realize this feature,
Structure or feature also fall within the scope of the present invention.
Although reference be made herein to invention has been described for the multiple explanatory embodiment of the present invention, but, should
This understanding, those skilled in the art can be designed that a lot of other amendments and embodiment, these amendment and
Embodiment will fall within spirit disclosed in the present application and spirit.More specifically, public in the application
Open, in the range of drawings and claims, the building block of theme composite configuration and/or layout can be carried out
Multiple modification and improvement.In addition to the modification that building block and/or layout are carried out and improvement, for this area
For technical staff, other purposes also will be apparent from.
Claims (10)
1. a band slag system class welding material is without carrying out the formula method for designing of formula adjusting, it is characterised in that institute
The method stated comprises the steps:
Step A, the medicated powder separated in reference object sample, pulverize medicated powder, to refine medicated powder further
Granularity；
Step B, will pulverize after medicated powder sample send into observation device, in the field range of observation device, note
Record medicated powder sample has constituent species quantity and/or the appearance structure of independent thing phase；
Step C, employing composition analysis device, know the chemical composition of in field range every kind independent thing phase
, and respectively by the chemical composition that every kind of independent thing is corresponding mutually do not list with chemical element；
Step D, employing X-ray diffraction method or x-ray fluorescence method, measure the medicated powder sample after pulverizing and comprised
Chemical composition and chemical element information, and carry out with the chemical composition listed in previous step and chemical element
Comparison, whether chemical composition and the chemical element listed in verification previous step have phase shortage；When result is current
Chemical composition that step measurement obtains and chemical element information contain wholeization listed in previous step
Study point and during chemical element, then judged result is qualified, determines the medicated powder component of reference object sample；Otherwise,
Repeat step B and step C；
Step E, by reference object sample separate medicated powder be divided at least 8 parts of independent sample；It is respectively adopted
Chemical composition method of testing in fixed medicated powder component, various chemical compositions containing in every part of independent sample
Amount mass percent is measured；Then various chemical compositions at least 8 parts of independent sample mensuration obtained
Content mass percent data carry out collecting and listing respectively；
Step F, medicated powder component according to the reference object sample determined, and previous step determines at least
In 8 parts of independent sample, the content mass percent data of various chemical compositions, carry out welding material test respectively
The preparation of sample, obtains at least 8 parts of welding material test specimens；
Step G, at least 8 parts of welding material test specimens of general carry out soldering test respectively with reference object sample,
Record test data also collects, by the test data of at least 8 parts of welding material test specimens and reference object sample
The test data of product carries out contrasting and recipe determination, and then screens at least 8 parts of welding material test specimens
Go out with reference object sample closest to welding material test specimen, will filter out welding material test sample
The content mass percent data of the various chemical compositions of product are defined as the formula of reference object sample.
Band slag system class welding material the most according to claim 1 is without carrying out the formula design side of formula adjusting
Method, it is characterised in that: described step E collects and each at least 8 parts of independent sample listing respectively
After planting the content mass percent data of chemical composition, also to chemistry various at least 8 parts of independent sample
The content mass percent data of composition verify, and verification requirement is various in every part of independent sample
Component content is added in the interval of 99% to 101% mutually；Same composition at least 8 parts of independent sample
When meansigma methods content accounting in independent sample is more than or equal to 10%, corresponding one-tenth in every part of independent sample
Absolute error between measured value and the meansigma methods divided is less than or equal to 1%；In at least 8 parts of independent sample
When the meansigma methods of same composition content accounting in independent sample is less than 10%, in every part of independent sample
Absolute error between measured value and the meansigma methods of tie element is less than or equal to 0.5%；When at least 8 parts
In independent sample, the content mass percent data of the chemical composition of any one or more parts are unsatisfactory for verification
During requirement, delete the independent sample being unsatisfactory for verifying requirement, again divide from reference object sample
From medicated powder in sample presentation with delete the identical independent sample of quantity, repeat step E；Otherwise then determine to
In few 8 parts of independent sample, the content mass percent data of various chemical compositions, continue executing with next step
Suddenly.
Band slag system class welding material the most according to claim 1 and 2 sets without the formula carrying out formula adjusting
Meter method, it is characterised in that: the chemical composition method of testing in described step E includes that XRF is surveyed
Examination method and chemical method or both central any one.
Band slag system class welding material the most according to claim 1 and 2 sets without the formula carrying out formula adjusting
Meter method, it is characterised in that: the reference object sample in described step A includes welding rod sample, medicated core
Welding wire sample, solder flux sample and brazing flux sample；The mode that described welding rod sample uses machinery to tap is peeled off
Medicated powder outside welding rod, described flux-cored wire sample uses the mode of shearing or grinding to destroy flux-cored wire
Metal sheath after obtain internal medicated powder, described solder flux sample and brazing flux sample are directly taken.
Band slag system class welding material the most according to claim 4 is without carrying out the formula design side of formula adjusting
Method, it is characterised in that: described step A use mechanical lapping or the mode that rolls by isolated medicine
Powder is crushed to homogeneous granularity less than 300 microns.
Band slag system class welding material the most according to claim 1 and 2 sets without the formula carrying out formula adjusting
Meter method, it is characterised in that: in described step B in the field range of observation device, also use mark
Particle size data measured by chi, and by particle size data and every kind of independent thing mutually corresponding to chemical composition and
Chemical element is listed, appearance structure is listed respectively.
Band slag system class welding material the most according to claim 1 is without carrying out the formula design side of formula adjusting
Method, it is characterised in that: first the raw material preparing welding material test specimen is entered by described step F
Row is rechecked, and when in the degree of purity and previous step of described raw-material chemical composition content at least 8 parts
In independent sample, the deviation between the content mass percent data of various chemical compositions is within 2%,
And granularity deviation within 10% time, then carry out the preparation of welding material test specimen.
8. set without the formula carrying out formula adjusting according to the band slag system class welding material described in claim 1 or 7
Meter method, it is characterised in that: the soldering test in described step G includes welding usability test, weldering
Connect defects detection, welding deposited metal composition detection, the detection of weld(ing) deposit performance.
Band slag system class welding material the most according to claim 8 is without carrying out the formula design side of formula adjusting
Method, it is characterised in that: the test of described welding usability is the width of weld seam, linearity, highly, flat
Degree test, and the stability of welding arc, spatter, welding take off slag and welding slag mobility
Any one or more in test；Described weld defects detection be butt welded seam crackle, pore, undercut,
Load mould detects with any one or more in slag inclusion；The chemical composition inspection of described weld(ing) deposit
Survey for carbon in butt welded seam deposition, manganese, silicon, ferrum, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic, stannum,
Any one or more in antimony, boron, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, lead, lanthanum detects；Described weld seam melts
The detection of metallisation performance includes the tension test of weld deposit, bend test, impact test, corrosion examination
Test, high-temerature creep is tested and any one or more in stress-rupture tester.
10. set without the formula carrying out formula adjusting according to the band slag system class welding material described in claim 1 or 9
Meter method, it is characterised in that: in described step G with reference object sample closest to welding material
Test specimen is for compared with reference object sample, and in welding usability, quantifiable characteristic deviation exists
Within 20%, the most quantifiable feature is more than or equal to reference object sample, and weld(ing) deposit
Study point identical with reference object sample or close with the data of weld(ing) deposit performance, and meet ginseng
According to the technical standard requirement that target sample is corresponding.
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| CN110666390A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-10 | 王胜心 | Stainless steel flux-cored wire without oxidation color |
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| CN102837137B (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2014-08-20 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Slag detachability evaluation test method and device of submerged arc welding agent |
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