CN105485297B - It is a kind of can automatic locking differential mechanism - Google Patents

It is a kind of can automatic locking differential mechanism Download PDF

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CN105485297B
CN105485297B CN201510900992.8A CN201510900992A CN105485297B CN 105485297 B CN105485297 B CN 105485297B CN 201510900992 A CN201510900992 A CN 201510900992A CN 105485297 B CN105485297 B CN 105485297B
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swing arm
moment
locking
differential
torsion
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CN105485297A (en
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佟梦晗
彭玉兴
史志远
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H48/00Differential gearings
    • F16H48/20Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
    • F16H48/22Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using friction clutches or brakes

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可自动锁止的差速器,包括开放差速器机构、中央锁止轴(1)、锁止机构、扭矩反应机构和控制力预加机构;中央锁止轴(1)通过花键与锁止机构内壳(3)的一端连接,提供锁止时的着力点;控制力预加机构用于施加预加控制力,扭矩反应机构用于响应于所述预加控制力和输出轴上的扭矩,进而启动或者停止所述锁止机构。本发明未单独使用高摩擦机构进行锁止控制,在差速过程中没有能量损耗。使用电子控制、机械响应的方法,使控制更智能、响应更迅速,而且需要锁止时的扭矩值可由电子设备进行实时调整。

The invention discloses an automatically lockable differential, which comprises an open differential mechanism, a central locking shaft (1), a locking mechanism, a torque response mechanism and a control force pre-applying mechanism; the central locking shaft (1) ) is connected to one end of the inner housing (3) of the locking mechanism through a spline to provide a focus point during locking; the control force pre-applying mechanism is used to apply pre-applied control force, and the torque reaction mechanism is used to respond to the pre-applied control Force and torque on the output shaft, and then activate or stop the locking mechanism. The present invention does not use a high-friction mechanism alone for locking control, and there is no energy loss in the process of differential speed. The use of electronic control and mechanical response methods makes the control more intelligent and the response faster, and the torque value when locking is required can be adjusted in real time by electronic equipment.

Description

一种可自动锁止的差速器An automatic locking differential

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种可自锁中央差速器,具体说是一种电子控制、机械响应,利用摩擦达到硬连接锁止的中央差速器。The invention relates to a self-locking central differential, specifically an electronically controlled, mechanically responsive central differential that utilizes friction to achieve hard connection locking.

背景技术Background technique

中央差速器的种类主要有普通开放式中央差速器、多片离合器式中央差速器、托森式中央差速器、粘性联轴节式中央差速器。The types of central differentials mainly include ordinary open central differentials, multi-plate clutch central differentials, Torsen central differentials, and viscous coupling central differentials.

普通式中央差速器就(open differential)就是采用普通对称圆锥齿轮结构、可以在汽车转弯时正常工作的差速器,在其行星齿轮组没有设置任何锁止装置。假如一辆四驱车配备了前中后三个开放式差速器,那么如果其中一个轮子打滑,那么这个车的全部动力都会浪费在这个车轮上,而其余三个车轮则无法到的动力。在越野车领域,开放式差速器会影响非铺装路面的脱困性。The ordinary central differential (open differential) is a differential that adopts an ordinary symmetrical bevel gear structure and can work normally when the car turns. There is no locking device in its planetary gear set. If a four-wheel drive vehicle is equipped with three open differentials in the front, middle and rear, then if one of the wheels slips, all the power of the car will be wasted on this wheel, and the remaining three wheels will not be able to reach the power. In the field of off-road vehicles, open differentials can affect off-road performance.

多片离合器式差速器依靠湿式多片离合器产生差动转矩。这种系统多用作适时四驱系统的中央差速器使用。其内部有两组摩擦盘,一组为主动盘,一组为从动盘。主动盘与前轴连接,从动盘与后轴连接。两组盘片被浸泡在专用油中,二者的结合和分离依靠电子系统控制。Multi-plate clutch differentials rely on wet multi-plate clutches to generate differential torque. This system is mostly used as the central differential of the timely four-wheel drive system. There are two sets of friction discs inside, one is the driving disc and the other is the driven disc. The driving disc is connected with the front axle, and the driven disc is connected with the rear axle. The two sets of discs are immersed in special oil, and the combination and separation of the two are controlled by an electronic system.

在直线行驶时,其前后轴的转速相同,主动盘与从动盘之间没有转速差,此时盘片分离,车辆基本处于前驱或后驱状态,可达到节省燃油的目的。在转弯过程中,前后轴出现转速差,主、从动盘片之间也产生转速差。但由于转速差没有达到电子系统预设的要求,因而两组盘片依然处于分离状态,此时车辆转向不受影响。When driving in a straight line, the speed of the front and rear axles is the same, and there is no speed difference between the driving disc and the driven disc. At this time, the discs are separated, and the vehicle is basically in the front or rear drive state, which can achieve the purpose of saving fuel. During the turning process, there is a speed difference between the front and rear axles, and there is also a speed difference between the main and driven discs. However, because the speed difference does not meet the preset requirements of the electronic system, the two sets of discs are still separated, and the steering of the vehicle is not affected at this time.

当前后轴的转速差超过一定限度,例如前轮开始打滑,电控系统会控制液压机构将多片离合器压紧,此时主动盘与从动盘开始发生接触,类似离合器的结合,扭矩从主动盘传递到从动盘上从而实现四驱。多片摩擦式限滑差速器的接通条件和扭矩分配比例由电子系统控制,反应速度快,部分车型还具备手动控制的“LOCK”功能,即主、从动盘片可保持全时结合状态,功能接近专业越野车的四驱锁止状态。但摩擦片最多只能传递50%的扭矩给后轮,并且高强度的使用会时摩擦片过热而失效。The speed difference between the front and rear axles exceeds a certain limit. For example, the front wheels start to slip. The electronic control system will control the hydraulic mechanism to press the multi-disc clutch. The disc is transmitted to the driven disc to realize four-wheel drive. The connection conditions and torque distribution ratio of the multi-plate friction limited-slip differential are controlled by the electronic system, and the response speed is fast. Some models also have the "LOCK" function of manual control, that is, the driving and driven discs can be kept in full-time combination The state and function are close to the four-wheel drive locking state of professional off-road vehicles. However, the friction plate can only transmit 50% of the torque to the rear wheel at most, and the high-intensity use will cause the friction plate to overheat and fail.

托森中央差速器(Torsen differential)的核心是蜗轮、蜗杆传动系统,如图2所示。正是它们的相互啮合互锁以及扭矩单向地从蜗轮传送到蜗杆齿轮的构造实现了差速器锁止功能,这一特性限制了滑动。在在弯道正常行驶时,前、后差速器的作用是传统差速器,蜗杆齿轮不影响输出轴输出速度的不同,如车向左转时,右侧车轮比差速器快,而左侧速度低,左右速度不同的蜗轮能够严密地匹配同步啮合齿轮。此时蜗轮蜗杆并没有锁止,因为扭矩是从蜗轮到蜗杆齿轮。而当一侧车轮打滑时,蜗轮蜗杆组件发挥作用,通过托森差速器或液压式多盘离合器,极为迅速地自动调整动力分配。The core of the Torsen differential is the worm gear and worm drive system, as shown in Figure 2. It is their intermeshing interlocking and the unidirectional transmission of torque from worm gear to worm gear that enables the differential locking function, a feature that limits slippage. When driving normally on a curve, the function of the front and rear differentials is the traditional differential, and the worm gear does not affect the difference in the output speed of the output shaft. For example, when the car turns left, the right wheel is faster than the differential, while The speed on the left side is low, and the worm gears with different speeds on the left and right can closely match the synchromesh gears. At this point the worm gear is not locked because the torque is from the worm gear to the worm gear. And when one wheel slips, the worm gear assembly comes into play to automatically adjust the power distribution very quickly through the Torsen differential or hydraulic multi-plate clutch.

粘性联轴节的工作原理,有点类似于多片离合器。在输入轴上装有许多内板,插在输出轴壳体内的许多外板当中,并充入高粘度的硅油,如图3所示。输入轴与前置发动机上的变速分动装置相连,输出轴与后驱动桥相连。在正常行驶时,前后车轮没有转速差,粘性联轴节不起作用,动力不分配给后轮,汽车仍然相当于一辆前轮驱动汽车。The working principle of a viscous coupling is somewhat similar to a multi-plate clutch. Many inner plates are installed on the input shaft, inserted among many outer plates in the output shaft housing, and filled with high-viscosity silicone oil, as shown in Figure 3. The input shaft is connected with the transmission transfer device on the front engine, and the output shaft is connected with the rear drive axle. In normal driving, there is no speed difference between the front and rear wheels, the viscous coupling does not work, the power is not distributed to the rear wheels, and the car is still equivalent to a front-wheel drive car.

当汽车前后车轮出现较大的转速差。粘性联轴节的内、外板之间的硅油受到搅动开始受热膨胀,产生极大的粘性阻力,阻止内外板间的相对运动,产生了较大的扭矩。这样,就自动地把动力传送给后轮,汽车就转变成全轮驱动汽车。When there is a large speed difference between the front and rear wheels of the car. The silicone oil between the inner and outer plates of the viscous coupling is agitated and begins to expand when heated, resulting in great viscous resistance, which prevents the relative movement between the inner and outer plates and generates a large torque. In this way, power is automatically sent to the rear wheels, and the car transforms into an all-wheel drive vehicle.

锁止中央差速器(分时四驱)的危险性The dangers of locking the center differential (part-time four-wheel drive)

四轮驱动车在锁止中央差速器处于分时四驱状态时,在干燥路面行驶车辆会倾向于直行,因左右车轮此时均具有大的附着力,从而使转弯过程中左右车轮行驶路程不同产生转速差,通过前后桥上的差速器将这个转速差传入前后传动轴,此时前后传动轴因没有中央差速器将这个转速差化解掉,这个差力将限制车轮随地面转动,从而引起转向困难,如车速过快时易引起翻车。而在湿滑路面上,由于车轮可以在地面滑动将这个转速差力释放掉,便不会出现转向困难。所以分时四驱只适合在附着力小的沙地、雪地或泥地等路面上使用,如在干燥路面上使用,只能进行直线行驶。When the four-wheel drive vehicle is in the time-sharing four-wheel drive state with the locked central differential, the vehicle will tend to go straight on a dry road, because the left and right wheels have strong adhesion at this time, so that the distance traveled by the left and right wheels during turning The speed difference is generated by the difference, and the speed difference is transmitted to the front and rear drive shafts through the differential on the front and rear axles. At this time, the front and rear drive shafts will resolve the speed difference because there is no central differential, and this difference will limit the rotation of the wheels with the ground. , thus causing difficulty in steering, such as overturning when the vehicle speed is too fast. On wet and slippery roads, since the wheels can slide on the ground to release the speed difference, there will be no steering difficulties. Therefore, the time-sharing four-wheel drive is only suitable for use on sandy, snowy or muddy roads with low adhesion. If it is used on dry roads, it can only drive in a straight line.

锁止前后差速器后的问题Problems after locking front and rear differentials

上面说到分时四驱在公路上的危险性,如果我们在分时四驱状态下进一步锁止了前后桥的差速器,那么车辆在公路上实现转向几乎不可能。在正常行驶过程中前后桥差速器的突然锁止,将极易引起车辆的颠覆。The above mentioned the danger of part-time four-wheel drive on the road. If we further lock the differentials of the front and rear axles in the part-time four-wheel drive state, it is almost impossible for the vehicle to turn on the road. The sudden locking of the front and rear axle differentials during normal driving will easily cause the vehicle to overturn.

锁止差速器对四驱系统的损坏Damage to AWD system from locking differential

锁止中央差速器和前后桥差速器后,发动机的动力很可能会从打滑的车轮上集中到仍有附着力的车轮,但是,车辆传动系的设计是让引擎的扭矩平分给四个车轮,假如只有一、两车轮有附着力,它们获得的扭矩将可能超过传动系所能承受的范围。举例来讲,一辆挂入分时四驱并锁止前后桥差速器的越野车,三个轮子因为地面的泥泞而失去附着力,那么这时发动机100%的动力便加在有附着力车轮的那根输出轴上,如果附着力和车辆行驶阻力都很大时,发动机的巨大扭力将足以扭断这个车轮相关的输出轴。所以在使用差速器锁时,对车辆的控制将变得非常重要。With the center differential and front and rear differentials locked, the engine's power is likely to be directed from the slipping wheel to the wheel that still has adhesion, however, the drivetrain of the vehicle is designed so that the engine's torque is divided equally among the four Wheels, if only one or two wheels have adhesion, they will get more torque than the drive train can handle. For example, for an off-road vehicle with part-time four-wheel drive and locked front and rear axle differentials, the three wheels lose adhesion due to the muddy ground, then 100% of the power of the engine is added to the vehicle with adhesion. On the output shaft of the wheel, if the adhesion force and the driving resistance of the vehicle are large, the huge torque of the engine will be enough to twist the output shaft related to the wheel. So when using the differential lock, the control of the vehicle will become very important.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了克服上述内容的不足,本发明提供了一种可自动锁止的中央差速器。In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, the present invention provides a central differential that can be automatically locked.

本发明采取的技术方案是:The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

一种可自动锁止的差速器,包括开放差速器机构、中央锁止轴(1)、锁止机构、扭矩反应机构和控制力预加机构;中央锁止轴(1)是一个十字轴结构,十字轴的竖直轴与开放式差速器的行星齿轮通过轴承连接,十字轴的水平轴与开放式差速器的左右齿轮通过轴承连接,中央锁止轴(1)整体相对开放式差速器不可旋转,中央锁止轴(1)通过花键与锁止机构内壳(3)的一端连接,提供锁止时的着力点;控制力预加机构用于施加预加控制力,扭矩反应机构用于响应于所述预加控制力和输出轴上的扭矩,进而启动或者停止所述锁止机构。A differential that can be automatically locked, including an open differential mechanism, a central locking shaft (1), a locking mechanism, a torque response mechanism and a control force pre-applying mechanism; the central locking shaft (1) is a cross Shaft structure, the vertical shaft of the cross shaft is connected with the planetary gear of the open differential through bearings, the horizontal shaft of the cross shaft is connected with the left and right gears of the open differential through bearings, and the central locking shaft (1) is relatively open as a whole The type differential is non-rotatable, and the central locking shaft (1) is connected to one end of the inner housing (3) of the locking mechanism through a spline to provide a point of force when locking; the control force pre-applying mechanism is used to apply pre-applying control force , the torque response mechanism is used to respond to the pre-applied control force and the torque on the output shaft, thereby starting or stopping the locking mechanism.

所述的可自动锁止的差速器,所述锁止机构包括锁止机构外壳(2)、锁止机构内壳(3)、第一摆臂(5)、第二摆臂(23)、摩擦块(4)、摆臂推进弹簧(21)、摆臂回归弹簧(19)、斜面体(22)、楔形块(6);锁止机构外壳(2)和开放式差速 器的左右齿轮固定连接,能够跟随开放式差速器的左右齿轮一起转动,扭矩反应机构外壳(9)和锁止机构外壳(2)通过螺栓固定连接在一起,动力可以通过锁止机构外壳(2)、扭矩反应机构外壳(9)、推力轴(15)输送至输出轴(10)。In the differential that can be automatically locked, the locking mechanism includes a locking mechanism outer shell (2), a locking mechanism inner shell (3), a first swing arm (5), and a second swing arm (23) , friction block (4), swing arm propulsion spring (21), swing arm return spring (19), inclined plane (22), wedge block (6); locking mechanism housing (2) and the left and right sides of the open differential The gears are fixedly connected and can rotate together with the left and right gears of the open differential. The torque reaction mechanism casing (9) and the locking mechanism casing (2) are fixedly connected together by bolts, and the power can pass through the locking mechanism casing (2), The torque response mechanism housing (9), thrust shaft (15) are delivered to the output shaft (10).

所述的可自动锁止的差速器,第一摆臂(5)、第二摆臂(23)同轴安装在锁止机构内壳(3)内部的中心轴(7)上,第一摆臂(5)、第二摆臂(23)正常情况下相互垂直,形成四个摆臂,四个摆臂之间的四个象限空间分别安装两对摆臂推进弹簧(21)和两对摆臂回归弹簧(19),摆臂推进弹簧(21)的一端固定在摆臂上,另一端紧靠在斜面体(22)的斜面上,摆臂回归弹簧(19)的一端固定在弹簧固定板(18),另一端固定在摆臂上。In the differential that can be automatically locked, the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23) are coaxially installed on the central shaft (7) inside the inner shell (3) of the locking mechanism. The swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23) are perpendicular to each other under normal conditions, forming four swing arms, and the four quadrant spaces between the four swing arms are respectively equipped with two pairs of swing arm propelling springs (21) and two pairs of swing arms. The swing arm return spring (19), one end of the swing arm push spring (21) is fixed on the swing arm, the other end is close to the slope of the inclined plane (22), and one end of the swing arm return spring (19) is fixed on the spring. Plate (18), the other end is fixed on the swing arm.

所述的可自动锁止的差速器,所述摩擦块(4)为四个,四个摩擦块(4)铰接在第一摆臂(5)、第二摆臂(23)的两端,并设置在锁止机构外壳(2)和楔形块(6)上部的空间内;四个摩擦块和第一摆臂(5)、第二摆臂(23)之间设置摩擦块回归弹簧(20)。In the differential that can be automatically locked, there are four friction blocks (4), and the four friction blocks (4) are hinged at the two ends of the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23). , and be arranged in the space above the locking mechanism housing (2) and the wedge block (6); between the four friction blocks and the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23), a friction block return spring ( 20).

所述的可自动锁止的差速器,锁止机构内壳(3)圆周上设置与所述楔形块(6)位置对应的可以容纳楔形块(6)和摩擦块(4)的空腔;楔形块(6)截面逐渐变厚,其与摩擦块(4)之间形成楔形机构。In the automatic lockable differential, a cavity corresponding to the position of the wedge block (6) is provided on the inner casing (3) of the locking mechanism, which can accommodate the wedge block (6) and the friction block (4). ; The section of the wedge block (6) becomes thicker gradually, and a wedge-shaped mechanism is formed between it and the friction block (4).

所述的可自动锁止的差速器,四个楔形块(6)两两一组分布在圆盘直径的两端,两组之间夹角为10-30°。In the differential gear that can be automatically locked, four wedge blocks (6) are distributed in groups of two at both ends of the disc diameter, and the included angle between the two groups is 10-30°.

所述的可自动锁止的差速器,扭矩反应机构包括扭矩反应机构托盘(8)、扭矩反应机构外壳(9)、推力轴(15),所述扭矩反应机构托盘(8)为圆盘状,距离圆盘边缘一定距离固定四个楔形块(6);在该圆盘上,楔形块(6)所在圆周的内部沿径向固定两个斜面体(22);斜面体(22)的自由端设置两个对称的斜面(22A)、斜面(22B),两个斜面(22A)、斜面(22B)紧靠在第一摆臂(5)、第二摆臂(23)之间的摆臂推进弹簧(21)的一端,摆臂推进弹簧(21)另一端固定在第一摆臂(5)、第二摆臂(23)上;In the automatically lockable differential, the torque reaction mechanism includes a torque reaction mechanism tray (8), a torque reaction mechanism housing (9), and a thrust shaft (15), and the torque reaction mechanism tray (8) is a disc Shape, fixed four wedge-shaped blocks (6) at a certain distance from the edge of the disc; The free end is provided with two symmetrical inclined planes (22A), inclined planes (22B), and the two inclined planes (22A), inclined planes (22B) are close to the swing between the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23). One end of the arm push spring (21), the other end of the swing arm push spring (21) is fixed on the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23);

所述的可自动锁止的差速器,扭矩反应机构托盘(8)和推力轴(15)之间通过推 力轴承连接,托盘拉板(13)通过螺栓将扭矩反应机构托盘(8)固定在推力轴(15)内部的推力轴承上,扭矩反应机构托盘(8)和推力轴(15)可做圆周方向相对运动。In the differential that can be automatically locked, the torque reaction mechanism tray (8) and the thrust shaft (15) are connected through a thrust bearing, and the tray pull plate (13) fixes the torque reaction mechanism tray (8) on the On the thrust bearing inside the thrust shaft (15), the torque response mechanism tray (8) and the thrust shaft (15) can move relative to each other in the circumferential direction.

所述的可自动锁止的差速器,若干条推力轴导向轨道(16)阵列分布在扭矩反应机构外壳(9)内圆周面上,其由一段与扭矩反应机构外壳(9)主轴平行的直线轨道和呈V字形的异形轨道连接而成,与所述推力轴导向轨道(16)一一对应的推力轴导柱(17)阵列分布在推力轴(15)圆周上,推力轴导柱(17)与推力轴导向轨道(16)配合,并被限定在推力轴导向轨道(16)的V字形的异形轨道中,当输出轴(10)上扭矩较小,预加控制力通过推力轴导柱(17)产生的扭矩相对较大时,推力轴导柱(17)及推力轴(15)相对扭矩反应机构外壳(9)轴向运动,推动扭矩反应机构托盘(8)向内运动;相反的,当输出轴(10)上扭矩较大,预加控制力通过推力轴导柱(17)产生的扭矩相对较小时,推力轴导柱(17)及推力轴(15)相对扭矩反应机构外壳(9)轴向运动,拉动扭矩反应机构托盘(8)向外运动。In the differential that can be automatically locked, several thrust shaft guide rails (16) arrays are distributed on the inner circumferential surface of the torque reaction mechanism casing (9), which consists of a section parallel to the main axis of the torque reaction mechanism casing (9). The linear track is connected with a V-shaped shaped track, and the array of thrust shaft guide pillars (17) corresponding to the thrust shaft guide rail (16) is distributed on the circumference of the thrust shaft (15), and the thrust shaft guide pillars ( 17) Cooperate with the thrust shaft guide track (16) and be limited in the V-shaped special track of the thrust shaft guide track (16). When the torque on the output shaft (10) is small, the pre-loaded control force passes through the thrust shaft guide When the torque generated by the column (17) is relatively large, the thrust shaft guide column (17) and the thrust shaft (15) move axially relative to the torque response mechanism housing (9), pushing the torque response mechanism tray (8) to move inward; on the contrary Yes, when the torque on the output shaft (10) is large and the torque generated by the pre-applied control force through the thrust shaft guide post (17) is relatively small, the thrust shaft guide post (17) and the thrust shaft (15) will respond to the shell of the torque response mechanism (9) Axial movement, pulling the torque response mechanism tray (8) to move outward.

所述的可自动锁止的差速器,锁止机构内壳(3)与中央锁止轴(1)通过花键链接,扭矩反应机构直接参与锁止机构的动作;扭矩反应机构的推力轴(15)与输出轴(10)通过一种带滚珠的花键链接,输出轴(10)和推力轴(15)之间轴向可相对运动,而圆周方向不可相对运动,当输出轴(10)上扭矩较小,推力轴(15)开始相对扭矩反应机构外壳(9)作轴向运动,推动扭矩反应机构托盘(8)向内运动,推动楔形块(6),楔形块(6)插入摩擦块(4)下部的空间,由于楔形块(6)截面逐渐变厚,因此其与摩擦块(4)之间形成楔形机构,之后斜面体(22)的两个斜面(22A、22B)推动两个摆臂(5、23)之间的摆臂推进弹簧(21),进而推动第一摆臂(5)、第二摆臂(23)旋转,摆臂末端推动四个摩擦块(4),使其挤入楔形机构中,在如图3所示结构中,锁止机构外壳(2)相对锁止机构内壳(3)逆时针旋转时,第一摆臂(5)以及与其连接的楔形机构发挥锁止作用,产生阻碍内外壳相对运动的、较大的摩擦力,使输出轴(10)与中央锁止轴(1)锁止;锁止机构外壳(2)相对锁止机构内壳(3)顺时针旋转时,第二摆臂(23)以及与其连接的楔形机构发挥锁止作用,产生阻碍内外壳相对运动的、较大的摩擦力,使输出轴(10)与中央锁止轴(1)锁止,形成硬连接,动力直接传达 输出轴;而当输出轴(10)上扭矩再次变大,扭矩反应机构托盘(8)会向外运动,抽出楔形体(6),使楔形机构失效,锁止机构中第一摆臂、第二摆臂在摆臂回归弹簧(19)、摩擦块在摩擦块回归弹簧(20)的作用下返回到初始位置,差速器也回到开放状态,中央的差速齿轮恢复正常工作状态,从而差速功能恢复,动力通过锁止机构外壳(2)、扭矩反应机构外壳(9)、推力轴(15)到达输出轴。In the differential that can be automatically locked, the inner casing (3) of the locking mechanism and the central locking shaft (1) are connected by splines, and the torque reaction mechanism directly participates in the action of the locking mechanism; the thrust shaft of the torque reaction mechanism (15) is linked with the output shaft (10) through a spline with balls, the output shaft (10) and the thrust shaft (15) can move relative to each other in the axial direction, but can not move relative to the circumferential direction, when the output shaft (10) ), the thrust shaft (15) starts to move axially relative to the torque response mechanism housing (9), pushing the torque response mechanism tray (8) to move inward, pushing the wedge block (6), and the wedge block (6) is inserted into the In the space below the friction block (4), since the section of the wedge block (6) becomes thicker gradually, a wedge-shaped mechanism is formed between it and the friction block (4), and then the two slopes (22A, 22B) of the inclined plane (22) push The swing arm between the two swing arms (5, 23) pushes the spring (21), and then pushes the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23) to rotate, and the end of the swing arm pushes four friction blocks (4) , so that it squeezes into the wedge-shaped mechanism. In the structure shown in Figure 3, when the outer shell (2) of the locking mechanism rotates counterclockwise relative to the inner shell (3) of the locking mechanism, the first swing arm (5) and its connected The wedge-shaped mechanism plays a locking role and generates a relatively large friction force that hinders the relative movement of the inner shell, so that the output shaft (10) and the central locking shaft (1) are locked; the outer shell (2) of the locking mechanism is relatively locked inside the locking mechanism When the shell (3) rotates clockwise, the second swing arm (23) and the wedge-shaped mechanism connected to it play a locking role, generating a relatively large frictional force that hinders the relative movement of the inner shell, so that the output shaft (10) and the central lock The stop shaft (1) is locked to form a hard connection, and the power is directly transmitted to the output shaft; and when the torque on the output shaft (10) becomes larger again, the torque reaction mechanism tray (8) will move outward, and the wedge (6) will be drawn out. Make the wedge-shaped mechanism invalid, the first swing arm and the second swing arm in the locking mechanism return to the initial position under the action of the return spring (19) of the swing arm and the return spring (20) of the friction block, and the differential also returns to the original position. In the open state, the central differential gear returns to the normal working state, thereby the differential function recovers, and the power reaches the output shaft through the locking mechanism casing (2), the torque reaction mechanism casing (9), and the thrust shaft (15).

本发明与现有技术相比有一下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has following advantages:

1、本发明未单独使用高摩擦机构进行锁止控制,在差速过程中没有能量损耗,节能减排,不易过热。1. The present invention does not use a high-friction mechanism alone for locking control, and there is no energy loss in the process of differential speed, which saves energy and reduces emissions, and is not easy to overheat.

2、本发明使用电子控制、机械响应的方法,使控制更智能、响应更迅速,而且需要锁止时的扭矩值可有电子设备进行实时调整。安装此装置的车辆有更好的通过性和道路适应性。2. The present invention uses electronic control and mechanical response methods to make the control more intelligent and the response faster, and the torque value when locking is required can be adjusted in real time by electronic equipment. Vehicles equipped with this device have better passability and road adaptability.

3、对工艺要求低于托森差速器。3. The process requirement is lower than that of Torsen differential.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明整体结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

图2为推力轴15表面A向的360°展开图;Fig. 2 is a 360° expanded view of the surface A of the thrust shaft 15;

图3为图1的B-B截面视图;Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 1;

图4为图1的C-C截面视图;Fig. 4 is the C-C sectional view of Fig. 1;

图5为图3的D-D截面视图;Fig. 5 is a D-D sectional view of Fig. 3;

图6为图3的E-E截面视图;Fig. 6 is the E-E sectional view of Fig. 3;

图7为图6的F向视图;Fig. 7 is the F direction view of Fig. 6;

图8为图6的G向视图;Fig. 8 is the G direction view of Fig. 6;

图9为推力轴导柱17受力示意图;Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of thrust shaft guide post 17 being stressed;

1中央锁止轴;2锁止机构外壳;3锁止机构内壳;4摩擦块;5第一摆臂;6楔形块;7中心轴;8扭矩反应机构托盘;9扭矩反应机构外壳;10输出轴;11控制力预加推板;12中心轴端挡板;13托盘拉板;14滚珠;15推力轴;16推力轴导向轨道;17 推力轴导柱;18弹簧固定板;19摆臂回归弹簧;20摩擦块回归弹簧;21摆臂推进弹簧;22斜面体;23第二摆臂,24行星齿轮,25右齿轮;1 central locking shaft; 2 outer shell of locking mechanism; 3 inner shell of locking mechanism; 4 friction block; 5 first swing arm; 6 wedge block; 7 central shaft; 8 tray of torque reaction mechanism; Output shaft; 11 Control force pre-loaded push plate; 12 Central shaft end baffle; 13 Tray pull plate; 14 Ball; 15 Thrust shaft; 16 Thrust shaft guide rail; 17 Thrust shaft guide column; Return spring; 20 friction block return spring; 21 swing arm advancing spring; 22 inclined plane; 23 second swing arm, 24 planetary gear, 25 right gear;

具体实施方式detailed description

以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

参考图1,一种可自动锁止的差速器,包括开放差速器机构、中央锁止轴1、锁止机构、扭矩反应机构和控制力预加机构。开放差速器机构是普通的开放式差速器,中央锁止轴1是一个十字轴结构,十字轴的竖直轴与开放式差速器的行星齿轮通过轴承连接,十字轴的水平轴与开放式差速器的左右齿轮通过轴承连接,中央锁止轴1整体相对开放式差速器不可旋转(正常行驶过程中,中央锁止轴跟随差速器行星齿轮绕水平轴旋转),中央锁止轴1通过花键与锁止机构内壳3的一端连接,提供锁止时的着力点;控制力预加机构可以通过任何能够提供一定压力的装置施加,扭矩反应机构用于响应于所述预加控制力和输出轴上的扭矩,进而启动或者停止所述锁止机构。Referring to FIG. 1 , an automatically lockable differential includes an open differential mechanism, a central locking shaft 1 , a locking mechanism, a torque response mechanism and a control force pre-applying mechanism. The open differential mechanism is an ordinary open differential. The central locking shaft 1 is a cross shaft structure. The vertical shaft of the cross shaft is connected with the planetary gear of the open differential through bearings. The horizontal shaft of the cross shaft is connected with the planetary gear of the open differential. The left and right gears of the open differential are connected by bearings, and the central locking shaft 1 as a whole cannot rotate relative to the open differential (during normal driving, the central locking shaft follows the planetary gears of the differential to rotate around the horizontal axis), and the central locking shaft 1 The stop shaft 1 is connected to one end of the inner housing 3 of the locking mechanism through a spline to provide a point of force during locking; the control force pre-applying mechanism can be applied by any device that can provide a certain pressure, and the torque reaction mechanism is used to respond to the The control force and the torque on the output shaft are pre-applied, thereby starting or stopping the locking mechanism.

所述锁止机构包括锁止机构外壳2、锁止机构内壳3、第一摆臂5、第二摆臂23、摩擦块4、摆臂推进弹簧21、摆臂回归弹簧19、斜面体22、楔形块6;锁止机构外壳2和开放式差速器的左右齿轮固定连接,能够跟随开放式差速器的左右齿轮一起转动,扭矩反应机构外壳9和锁止机构外壳2通过螺栓固定连接在一起,动力可以通过锁止机构外壳2、扭矩反应机构外壳9、推力轴15输送至输出轴10。The locking mechanism includes a locking mechanism outer shell 2, a locking mechanism inner shell 3, a first swing arm 5, a second swing arm 23, a friction block 4, a swing arm propulsion spring 21, a swing arm return spring 19, and a ramp body 22 , wedge block 6; locking mechanism housing 2 is fixedly connected with the left and right gears of the open differential, and can rotate together with the left and right gears of the open differential, and the torque reaction mechanism housing 9 and the locking mechanism housing 2 are fixedly connected by bolts Together, power can be delivered to the output shaft 10 through the locking mechanism casing 2 , the torque reaction mechanism casing 9 , and the thrust shaft 15 .

第一摆臂5、第二摆臂23同轴安装在锁止机构内壳3内部的中心轴7上,第一摆臂5、第二摆臂23正常情况下相互垂直,形成四个摆臂,四个摆臂之间的四个象限空间分别安装两对摆臂推进弹簧21和两对摆臂回归弹簧19,摆臂推进弹簧21的一端固定在摆臂上,另一端紧靠在斜面体22的斜面上,摆臂回归弹簧19的一端固定在弹簧固定板18,另一端固定在摆臂上。The first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23 are coaxially installed on the central axis 7 inside the inner shell 3 of the locking mechanism. The first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23 are normally perpendicular to each other to form four swing arms. , two pairs of swing arm propulsion springs 21 and two pairs of swing arm return springs 19 are respectively installed in the four quadrant spaces between the four swing arms. On the slope of 22, one end of swing arm return spring 19 is fixed on spring fixed plate 18, and the other end is fixed on the swing arm.

所述摩擦块4为四个,四个摩擦块4铰接在第一摆臂5、第二摆臂23的两端,并设置在锁止机构外壳2和楔形块6上部的空间内;四个摩擦块和第一摆臂5、第二摆臂23之间设置摩擦块回归弹簧20;There are four friction blocks 4, and the four friction blocks 4 are hinged at the two ends of the first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23, and are arranged in the upper space of the locking mechanism housing 2 and the wedge block 6; four A friction block return spring 20 is arranged between the friction block and the first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23;

锁止机构内壳3圆周上设置与上述楔形块6位置对应的可以容纳楔形块6和摩擦块4的空腔;楔形块6截面逐渐变厚,其与摩擦块4之间形成楔形机构。A cavity corresponding to the position of the wedge block 6 and the friction block 4 is provided on the circumference of the inner housing 3 of the locking mechanism;

四个楔形块6两两一组分布在圆盘直径的两端,两组之间夹角为10-30°。Two pairs of four wedge blocks 6 are distributed on the two ends of the disc diameter, and the angle between the two groups is 10-30°.

扭矩反应机构包括扭矩反应机构托盘8、扭矩反应机构外壳9、推力轴15,所述扭矩反应机构托盘8为圆盘状,距离圆盘边缘一定距离固定四个楔形块6;在该圆盘上,楔形块6所在圆周的内部沿径向固定两个斜面体22;斜面体22的自由端设置两个对称的斜面22A、斜面22B,两个斜面22A、斜面22B紧靠在第一摆臂5、第二摆臂23之间的摆臂推进弹簧21的一端,摆臂推进弹簧21另一端固定在第一摆臂5、第二摆臂23上;The torque reaction mechanism comprises a torque reaction mechanism tray 8, a torque reaction mechanism shell 9, and a thrust shaft 15, and the torque reaction mechanism tray 8 is disc-shaped, and four wedge blocks 6 are fixed at a certain distance from the edge of the disc; , the inside of the circumference where the wedge-shaped block 6 is located radially fixes two inclined planes 22; the free end of the inclined plane 22 is provided with two symmetrical inclined planes 22A and inclined planes 22B, and the two inclined planes 22A and inclined planes 22B are close to the first swing arm 5 1. One end of the swing arm push spring 21 between the second swing arm 23, the other end of the swing arm push spring 21 is fixed on the first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23;

扭矩反应机构托盘8和推力轴15之间通过推力轴承连接,托盘拉板13通过螺栓将扭矩反应机构托盘8固定在推力轴15内部的推力轴承上,扭矩反应机构托盘8和推力轴15可做圆周方向相对运动。The torque reaction mechanism tray 8 and the thrust shaft 15 are connected by a thrust bearing, and the tray pull plate 13 fixes the torque reaction mechanism tray 8 on the thrust bearing inside the thrust shaft 15 through bolts, and the torque reaction mechanism tray 8 and the thrust shaft 15 can be used as Circumferential relative movement.

若干条推力轴导向轨道16阵列分布在扭矩反应机构外壳9内圆周面上,其由一段与扭矩反应机构外壳9主轴平行的直线轨道和呈V字形的异形轨道连接而成,与上述推力轴导向轨道16一一对应的推力轴导柱17阵列分布在推力轴15圆周上,推力轴导柱17与推力轴导向轨道16配合,并被限定在推力轴导向轨道16的V字形的异形轨道中(直线轨道仅是为了方便推力轴导柱17与推力轴导向轨道16的装配,由于控制力预加推板11的限位作用,推力轴导柱17不会进入直线轨道中),参考图9,预加控制力施加在控制力预加推板11上,该预加控制力在推力轴导柱17上产生的作用力为F2,输出轴10扭矩在在推力轴导柱17上产生的作用力为F1,两者合力为F,F与V字形轨道夹角为α,当输出轴10上扭矩较小,预加控制力通过推力轴导柱17产生的扭矩相对较大时,合力F与V字形轨道夹角α大于90°,在合力F作用下,推力轴导柱17及推力轴15相对扭矩反应机构外壳9向左运动,推动扭矩反应机构托盘8向内运动;相反的,当输出轴10上扭矩较大,预加控制力通过推力轴导柱17产生的扭矩相对较小时,而合力F与V字形轨道夹角α小于90°,在合力F作用下,推力轴导柱17及推力轴15相对扭矩反应机构外壳9向右运动,拉动扭矩反应机构托盘8向外运动。A plurality of thrust shaft guide rails 16 arrays are distributed on the inner circumferential surface of the torque reaction mechanism housing 9, which is formed by connecting a straight line parallel to the main axis of the torque reaction mechanism housing 9 and a V-shaped special-shaped rail, and is connected with the above-mentioned thrust shaft guide rail. The thrust shaft guide post 17 array corresponding to the track 16 is distributed on the thrust shaft 15 circumference, and the thrust shaft guide post 17 cooperates with the thrust shaft guide track 16, and is limited in the V-shaped special-shaped track of the thrust shaft guide track 16 ( The linear track is only for the convenience of the assembly of the thrust shaft guide post 17 and the thrust shaft guide track 16. Due to the limit effect of the control force pre-loaded push plate 11, the thrust shaft guide post 17 will not enter the linear track), referring to Fig. 9, The pre-applied control force is applied to the control force pre-applied push plate 11, the force generated by the pre-applied control force on the thrust shaft guide post 17 is F2, and the output shaft 10 torque produces an active force on the thrust shaft guide post 17 is F 1 , the resultant force of the two is F, and the angle between F and the V-shaped track is α. When the torque on the output shaft 10 is small and the torque generated by the pre-applied control force through the thrust shaft guide post 17 is relatively large, the resultant force F and The included angle α of the V-shaped track is greater than 90°. Under the action of the resultant force F, the thrust shaft guide column 17 and the thrust shaft 15 move to the left relative to the torque response mechanism housing 9, pushing the torque response mechanism tray 8 to move inward; on the contrary, when the output The torque on the shaft 10 is relatively large, and the torque generated by the pre-applied control force through the thrust shaft guide post 17 is relatively small, and the angle α between the resultant force F and the V-shaped track is less than 90°. Under the action of the resultant force F, the thrust shaft guide post 17 and The thrust shaft 15 moves rightward relative to the torque reaction mechanism shell 9, and pulls the torque reaction mechanism tray 8 to move outward.

预加控制力是可以通过常规试验获得的非线性数值。本发明的预加控制力可以通过任何能够提供一定压力的装置施加在控制力预加推板11上,本发明的预加控制力根据行驶速度、道路状况、驾驶员预设模式、驾驶员操作意图判断、行驶坡度、驾驶员强制干预等因素,结合试验数据由ECU进行控制,可以实时调整。The preloaded control force is a non-linear value that can be obtained through routine experiments. The pre-adding control force of the present invention can be applied on the control force pre-adding push plate 11 by any device that can provide a certain pressure. Factors such as intention judgment, driving gradient, and driver's forced intervention are controlled by the ECU in combination with test data and can be adjusted in real time.

锁止机构内壳3与中央锁止轴1通过花键链接,扭矩反应机构直接参与锁止机构的动作。扭矩反应机构的推力轴15与输出轴10通过一种带滚珠的花键链接,输出轴10和推力轴15之间轴向可相对运动,而圆周方向不可相对运动,正常行驶状态下,输出轴10上扭矩较大,合力F与V字形轨道夹角α小于90°,此时开放式差速器正常作用,动力按照上述路径顺利传输至输出轴;当输出轴10上扭矩较小(例如轮胎悬空、打滑),推力轴15开始相对扭矩反应机构外壳9作轴向运动,推动扭矩反应机构托盘8向内运动,推动楔形块6,楔形块6插入摩擦块4下部的空间,参考图3,由于楔形块6截面逐渐变厚(第二摆臂23及其摩擦块4所在位置处的楔形块6是沿顺时针方向变厚,第一摆臂5及其摩擦块所在位置处的楔形块6是沿逆时针方向变厚),因此其与摩擦块4之间形成楔形机构,之后斜面体22的两个斜面(斜面22A、斜面22B)推动两个摆臂5、23之间的摆臂推进弹簧21,进而推动第一摆臂5、第二摆臂23旋转,摆臂末端推动四个摩擦块4,使其挤入楔形机构中,在如图3所示结构中,锁止机构外壳2相对锁止机构内壳3逆时针旋转时,第一摆臂5以及与其连接的楔形机构发挥锁止作用,产生阻碍内外壳相对运动的、较大的摩擦力,使输出轴10与中央锁止轴1锁止;锁止机构外壳2相对锁止机构内壳3顺时针旋转时,第二摆臂23以及与其连接的楔形机构发挥锁止作用,产生阻碍内外壳相对运动的、较大的摩擦力,使输出轴10与中央锁止轴1锁止,形成硬连接,动力直接传达输出轴。The inner casing 3 of the locking mechanism is linked with the central locking shaft 1 through a spline, and the torque reaction mechanism directly participates in the action of the locking mechanism. The thrust shaft 15 of the torque response mechanism and the output shaft 10 are connected by a spline with balls. The output shaft 10 and the thrust shaft 15 can move relative to each other in the axial direction, but not in the circumferential direction. Under normal driving conditions, the output shaft The torque on 10 is relatively large, and the angle α between the resultant force F and the V-shaped track is less than 90°. At this time, the open differential works normally, and the power is smoothly transmitted to the output shaft according to the above path; when the torque on the output shaft 10 is small (such as tire suspended, slipping), the thrust shaft 15 starts to move axially relative to the torque response mechanism shell 9, and pushes the torque response mechanism tray 8 to move inwardly, pushing the wedge block 6, and the wedge block 6 is inserted into the space at the bottom of the friction block 4, referring to Fig. 3 , Because the wedge block 6 cross-section becomes thicker gradually (the wedge block 6 at the position of the second swing arm 23 and its friction block 4 is thickened in the clockwise direction, the wedge block 6 at the position of the first swing arm 5 and its friction block is thickened in the counterclockwise direction), so it forms a wedge-shaped mechanism with the friction block 4, and then the two inclined surfaces (inclined surface 22A, inclined surface 22B) of the inclined plane body 22 push the swing arm between the two swing arms 5, 23 to advance The spring 21 further promotes the first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23 to rotate, and the end of the swing arm pushes four friction blocks 4 to squeeze them into the wedge mechanism. In the structure shown in Figure 3, the locking mechanism housing 2 When the inner shell 3 of the locking mechanism rotates counterclockwise, the first swing arm 5 and the wedge-shaped mechanism connected to it play a locking role, generating a relatively large friction force that hinders the relative movement of the inner shell, so that the output shaft 10 is locked with the center. Axis 1 is locked; when the outer shell 2 of the locking mechanism rotates clockwise relative to the inner shell 3 of the locking mechanism, the second swing arm 23 and the wedge-shaped mechanism connected to it play a locking role, generating relatively large friction that hinders the relative movement of the inner shell force, the output shaft 10 is locked with the central locking shaft 1 to form a hard connection, and the power is directly transmitted to the output shaft.

而当输出轴10上扭矩再次变大(例如轮胎着地、不再打滑),扭矩反应机构托盘8会向外运动,抽出楔形体6(楔形体表面光滑,摩擦块内表面光滑,摩擦块外表面与锁止机构外壳体内表面粗糙,具有摩擦锁止效果),使楔形机构失效,锁止机构中第一摆臂、第二摆臂在摆臂回归弹簧19、摩擦块在摩擦块回归弹簧20的作用下返回到初始位置,差速器也回到开放状态,中央的差速齿轮恢复正常工作状态,从而差速功能恢复, 动力通过锁止机构外壳2、扭矩反应机构外壳9、推力轴15到达输出轴。And when the torque on the output shaft 10 becomes larger again (for example, the tire touches the ground and no longer skids), the torque response mechanism tray 8 can move outwards, and the wedge 6 is extracted (the surface of the wedge is smooth, the inner surface of the friction block is smooth, and the outer surface of the friction block The inner surface of the housing of the locking mechanism is rough and has a frictional locking effect), which makes the wedge mechanism invalid. Return to the initial position under the action, the differential also returns to the open state, and the central differential gear returns to the normal working state, thus the differential function is restored, and the power arrives through the locking mechanism casing 2, the torque reaction mechanism casing 9, and the thrust shaft 15 Output shaft.

本发明的推力轴15相对差速器壳体的位置会时常变化,但是由于滚珠花键的作用,可以使输出轴的位置保持不变,并且可以传递扭矩。The position of the thrust shaft 15 relative to the differential case of the present invention will change from time to time, but due to the effect of the ball spline, the position of the output shaft can be kept constant, and the torque can be transmitted.

本发明可用做车辆的中央差速器以及前、后桥差速器,使车辆在正常行驶时起到正常的差速作用,且没有附加的摩擦力或能量损耗。当车辆轮胎在开始打滑(路面与轮胎的摩擦力低于预设值,轮胎与地面发生较小的相对转动)时,差速器立刻锁止,另外一个输出轴的动力输出不会受到影响。使车辆的越野通过性和在湿滑路面行驶的平稳性明显提升,并且几乎没有附加的能量损耗。The invention can be used as the central differential of the vehicle and the differentials of the front and rear axles, so that the vehicle can play a normal differential speed function when the vehicle is running normally, and there is no additional friction or energy loss. When the tires of the vehicle start to slip (the friction between the road surface and the tires is lower than the preset value, and the relative rotation between the tires and the ground takes place), the differential is locked immediately, and the power output of the other output shaft will not be affected. The off-road passability of the vehicle and the stability of driving on slippery roads are obviously improved, and there is almost no additional energy loss.

应当理解的是,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. it is a kind of can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that including open differential mechanism, central locking shaft (1), locking Mechanism, moment of torsion reaction mechanism and controling power pre-add mechanism;Central locking shaft (1) is a cross axle structure, cross axle it is vertical The planetary gear of axle and open type differential is connected by bearing, the trunnion axis of cross axle and the left and right gear of open type differential Connected by bearing, the overall opposing open formula differential mechanism of central locking shaft (1) is non-rotatable, and central locking shaft (1) passes through spline It is connected that there is provided impetus during locking with one end of lockable mechanism inner casing (3);Controling power pre-add mechanism is used to apply pre-add control Power, moment of torsion reaction mechanism is used in response to the moment of torsion on the pre-add controling power and output shaft, and then starts or stop and be described Lockable mechanism;The lockable mechanism includes lockable mechanism shell (2), lockable mechanism inner casing (3), the first swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23), brake pad (4), swing arm propelling spring (21), swing arm return spring (19), clinohedral (22), wedge (6);Locking machine Structure shell (2) is fixedly connected with the left and right gear of open type differential, can follow the left and right gear of open type differential together Rotate, moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9) and lockable mechanism shell (2) are bolted to connection together, and power can pass through Lockable mechanism shell (2), moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9), thrust axis (15) are delivered to output shaft (10);Moment of torsion reaction mechanism bag Include moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8), moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9), thrust axis (15), the moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) To be discoid, four wedges (6) are fixed apart from disk border certain distance;On the disk, circumference where wedge (6) Radially inside fix two clinohedrals (22);The free end of clinohedral (22) sets two symmetrical inclined-planes (22A, 22B), two Individual inclined-plane (22A, 22B) abuts against one end of the swing arm propelling spring (21) between the first swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23), pendulum Arm propelling spring (21) other end is fixed on the first swing arm (5), in the second swing arm (23).
2. it is according to claim 1 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that the first swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23) it is coaxially mounted on the internal central shaft (7) of lockable mechanism inner casing (3), the first swing arm (5), the positive reason of the second swing arm (23) It is mutually perpendicular under condition, forms four swing arms, four quadrant spaces between four swing arms are respectively mounted two pairs of swing arm propelling springs (21) and two pairs of swing arms return springs (19), one end of swing arm propelling spring (21) is fixed in swing arm, and the other end is abutted against tiltedly On the inclined-plane of face body (22), one end that swing arm returns spring (19) is fixed on spring dead plate (18), and the other end is fixed on swing arm On.
3. it is according to claim 2 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that the brake pad (4) be four, four Individual brake pad (4) is hinged on the first swing arm (5), the two ends of the second swing arm (23), and is arranged on lockable mechanism shell (2) and wedge shape In the space on block (6) top;Brake pad is set to return spring between four brake pads and the first swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23) (20)。
4. it is according to claim 1 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that on lockable mechanism inner casing (3) circumference Setting is corresponding with the wedge (6) position can to accommodate the cavity of wedge (6) and brake pad (4);Wedge (6) section Gradually thickening, it forms wedge mechanism between brake pad (4).
5. it is according to claim 2 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that four one group two-by-two of wedges (6) It is 10-30 ° to be distributed in angle between the two ends of disk diameter, two groups.
6. it is according to claim 1 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) and Thrust axis is connected between (15) by thrust bearing, and pallet arm-tie (13) is fixed by moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) by bolt On the internal thrust bearing of thrust axis (15), it is relative that moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) and thrust axis (15) can do circumferencial direction Motion.
7. it is according to claim 1 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that some thrust axis guide rails (16) array distribution is on moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9) inner peripheral surface, and it is by one section and moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9) main shaft Parallel rectilinear orbit and the special-shaped track being in the shape of the letter V are formed by connecting, one-to-one with above-mentioned thrust axis guide rail (16) Thrust axis guide pillar (17) array distribution is on thrust axis (15) circumference, and thrust axis guide pillar (17) is matched somebody with somebody with thrust axis guide rail (16) Close, and be limited in the special-shaped track of the V-shaped of thrust axis guide rail (16), when moment of torsion is smaller on output shaft (10), in advance Plus the moment of torsion that is produced by thrust axis guide pillar (17) of controling power it is relatively large when, thrust axis guide pillar (17) and thrust axis (15) are relative Moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9) is axially moved, and promotes moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) inwardly to move;Opposite, work as output shaft (10) moment of torsion is larger on, the moment of torsion relatively hour that pre-add controling power is produced by thrust axis guide pillar (17), thrust axis guide pillar (17) and thrust axis (15) opposing torque reaction mechanism shell (9) is axially moved, moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) is pulled to outward transport It is dynamic.
8. it is according to claim 1 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that lockable mechanism inner casing (3) with center Locking shaft (1) is linked by spline, and moment of torsion reaction mechanism directly participates in the action of lockable mechanism;The thrust axis of moment of torsion reaction mechanism (15) linked with output shaft (10) by a kind of spline with ball, axially can phase between output shaft (10) and thrust axis (15) To motion, and circumferencial direction not can be movable relatively, and when moment of torsion is smaller on output shaft (10), it is anti-that thrust axis (15) starts opposing torque Answer mechanism shell (9) to axially move, promote moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) inwardly to move, promote wedge (6), wedge (6) space of brake pad (4) bottom is inserted, because wedge (6) section is gradually thickening, therefore its shape between brake pad (4) Wedgewise mechanism, the afterwards swing arm between two inclined-planes (22A, 22B), two swing arms (5,23) of promotion of clinohedral (22) is promoted Spring (21), and then the first swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23) rotation are promoted, swing arm end promotes four brake pads (4), makes it Squeeze into wedge mechanism;Lockable mechanism shell (2) with respect to lockable mechanism inner casing (3) rotate counterclockwise when, the first swing arm (5) and Connected wedge mechanism plays locking effect, produces frictional force that hinder inside and outside shell relative motion, larger, makes output shaft (10) with central locking shaft (1) locking;When lockable mechanism shell (2) turns clockwise with respect to lockable mechanism inner casing (3), the second pendulum Arm (23) and connected wedge mechanism play locking effect, produce friction that hinder inside and outside shell relative motion, larger Power, makes output shaft (10) and central locking shaft (1) locking, forms Hard link, power directly passes on output shaft;And work as output shaft (10) moment of torsion becomes big again on, and moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) can be moved out, and extracts wedge (6) out, loses wedge mechanism The first swing arm, the second swing arm return spring (19), brake pad in brake pad recurrence spring (20) in swing arm in effect, lockable mechanism Initial position is returned under effect, differential mechanism also returns to open state, and central differential gear recovers normal operating conditions, so that Differential function recovers, and power is reached by lockable mechanism shell (2), moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9), thrust axis (15) and exported Axle.
CN201510900992.8A 2015-12-10 2015-12-10 It is a kind of can automatic locking differential mechanism Expired - Fee Related CN105485297B (en)

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US6626787B2 (en) * 2001-04-02 2003-09-30 New Venture Gear, Inc. On-demand all-wheel drive system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3894446A (en) * 1974-06-03 1975-07-15 Twin Disc Inc Power transmission having friction clutch bias differential with automatic clutch release
CN1033406A (en) * 1988-12-03 1989-06-14 丁宪明 The automatic antiskid differential of automobile and wheeled tractor
CN104455303A (en) * 2014-09-28 2015-03-25 长城汽车股份有限公司 Differential mechanism

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