CN105485297B - It is a kind of can automatic locking differential mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatically lockable differential, which comprises an open differential mechanism, a central locking shaft (1), a locking mechanism, a torque response mechanism and a control force pre-applying mechanism; the central locking shaft (1) ) is connected to one end of the inner housing (3) of the locking mechanism through a spline to provide a focus point during locking; the control force pre-applying mechanism is used to apply pre-applied control force, and the torque reaction mechanism is used to respond to the pre-applied control Force and torque on the output shaft, and then activate or stop the locking mechanism. The present invention does not use a high-friction mechanism alone for locking control, and there is no energy loss in the process of differential speed. The use of electronic control and mechanical response methods makes the control more intelligent and the response faster, and the torque value when locking is required can be adjusted in real time by electronic equipment.

Description

An automatic locking differential

technical field

The invention relates to a self-locking central differential, specifically an electronically controlled, mechanically responsive central differential that utilizes friction to achieve hard connection locking.

Background technique

The types of central differentials mainly include ordinary open central differentials, multi-plate clutch central differentials, Torsen central differentials, and viscous coupling central differentials.

The ordinary central differential (open differential) is a differential that adopts an ordinary symmetrical bevel gear structure and can work normally when the car turns. There is no locking device in its planetary gear set. If a four-wheel drive vehicle is equipped with three open differentials in the front, middle and rear, then if one of the wheels slips, all the power of the car will be wasted on this wheel, and the remaining three wheels will not be able to reach the power. In the field of off-road vehicles, open differentials can affect off-road performance.

Multi-plate clutch differentials rely on wet multi-plate clutches to generate differential torque. This system is mostly used as the central differential of the timely four-wheel drive system. There are two sets of friction discs inside, one is the driving disc and the other is the driven disc. The driving disc is connected with the front axle, and the driven disc is connected with the rear axle. The two sets of discs are immersed in special oil, and the combination and separation of the two are controlled by an electronic system.

When driving in a straight line, the speed of the front and rear axles is the same, and there is no speed difference between the driving disc and the driven disc. At this time, the discs are separated, and the vehicle is basically in the front or rear drive state, which can achieve the purpose of saving fuel. During the turning process, there is a speed difference between the front and rear axles, and there is also a speed difference between the main and driven discs. However, because the speed difference does not meet the preset requirements of the electronic system, the two sets of discs are still separated, and the steering of the vehicle is not affected at this time.

The speed difference between the front and rear axles exceeds a certain limit. For example, the front wheels start to slip. The electronic control system will control the hydraulic mechanism to press the multi-disc clutch. The disc is transmitted to the driven disc to realize four-wheel drive. The connection conditions and torque distribution ratio of the multi-plate friction limited-slip differential are controlled by the electronic system, and the response speed is fast. Some models also have the "LOCK" function of manual control, that is, the driving and driven discs can be kept in full-time combination The state and function are close to the four-wheel drive locking state of professional off-road vehicles. However, the friction plate can only transmit 50% of the torque to the rear wheel at most, and the high-intensity use will cause the friction plate to overheat and fail.

The core of the Torsen differential is the worm gear and worm drive system, as shown in Figure 2. It is their intermeshing interlocking and the unidirectional transmission of torque from worm gear to worm gear that enables the differential locking function, a feature that limits slippage. When driving normally on a curve, the function of the front and rear differentials is the traditional differential, and the worm gear does not affect the difference in the output speed of the output shaft. For example, when the car turns left, the right wheel is faster than the differential, while The speed on the left side is low, and the worm gears with different speeds on the left and right can closely match the synchromesh gears. At this point the worm gear is not locked because the torque is from the worm gear to the worm gear. And when one wheel slips, the worm gear assembly comes into play to automatically adjust the power distribution very quickly through the Torsen differential or hydraulic multi-plate clutch.

The working principle of a viscous coupling is somewhat similar to a multi-plate clutch. Many inner plates are installed on the input shaft, inserted among many outer plates in the output shaft housing, and filled with high-viscosity silicone oil, as shown in Figure 3. The input shaft is connected with the transmission transfer device on the front engine, and the output shaft is connected with the rear drive axle. In normal driving, there is no speed difference between the front and rear wheels, the viscous coupling does not work, the power is not distributed to the rear wheels, and the car is still equivalent to a front-wheel drive car.

When there is a large speed difference between the front and rear wheels of the car. The silicone oil between the inner and outer plates of the viscous coupling is agitated and begins to expand when heated, resulting in great viscous resistance, which prevents the relative movement between the inner and outer plates and generates a large torque. In this way, power is automatically sent to the rear wheels, and the car transforms into an all-wheel drive vehicle.

The dangers of locking the center differential (part-time four-wheel drive)

When the four-wheel drive vehicle is in the time-sharing four-wheel drive state with the locked central differential, the vehicle will tend to go straight on a dry road, because the left and right wheels have strong adhesion at this time, so that the distance traveled by the left and right wheels during turning The speed difference is generated by the difference, and the speed difference is transmitted to the front and rear drive shafts through the differential on the front and rear axles. At this time, the front and rear drive shafts will resolve the speed difference because there is no central differential, and this difference will limit the rotation of the wheels with the ground. , thus causing difficulty in steering, such as overturning when the vehicle speed is too fast. On wet and slippery roads, since the wheels can slide on the ground to release the speed difference, there will be no steering difficulties. Therefore, the time-sharing four-wheel drive is only suitable for use on sandy, snowy or muddy roads with low adhesion. If it is used on dry roads, it can only drive in a straight line.

Problems after locking front and rear differentials

The above mentioned the danger of part-time four-wheel drive on the road. If we further lock the differentials of the front and rear axles in the part-time four-wheel drive state, it is almost impossible for the vehicle to turn on the road. The sudden locking of the front and rear axle differentials during normal driving will easily cause the vehicle to overturn.

Damage to AWD system from locking differential

With the center differential and front and rear differentials locked, the engine's power is likely to be directed from the slipping wheel to the wheel that still has adhesion, however, the drivetrain of the vehicle is designed so that the engine's torque is divided equally among the four Wheels, if only one or two wheels have adhesion, they will get more torque than the drive train can handle. For example, for an off-road vehicle with part-time four-wheel drive and locked front and rear axle differentials, the three wheels lose adhesion due to the muddy ground, then 100% of the power of the engine is added to the vehicle with adhesion. On the output shaft of the wheel, if the adhesion force and the driving resistance of the vehicle are large, the huge torque of the engine will be enough to twist the output shaft related to the wheel. So when using the differential lock, the control of the vehicle will become very important.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, the present invention provides a central differential that can be automatically locked.

The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

A differential that can be automatically locked, including an open differential mechanism, a central locking shaft (1), a locking mechanism, a torque response mechanism and a control force pre-applying mechanism; the central locking shaft (1) is a cross Shaft structure, the vertical shaft of the cross shaft is connected with the planetary gear of the open differential through bearings, the horizontal shaft of the cross shaft is connected with the left and right gears of the open differential through bearings, and the central locking shaft (1) is relatively open as a whole The type differential is non-rotatable, and the central locking shaft (1) is connected to one end of the inner housing (3) of the locking mechanism through a spline to provide a point of force when locking; the control force pre-applying mechanism is used to apply pre-applying control force , the torque response mechanism is used to respond to the pre-applied control force and the torque on the output shaft, thereby starting or stopping the locking mechanism.

In the differential that can be automatically locked, the locking mechanism includes a locking mechanism outer shell (2), a locking mechanism inner shell (3), a first swing arm (5), and a second swing arm (23) , friction block (4), swing arm propulsion spring (21), swing arm return spring (19), inclined plane (22), wedge block (6); locking mechanism housing (2) and the left and right sides of the open differential The gears are fixedly connected and can rotate together with the left and right gears of the open differential. The torque reaction mechanism casing (9) and the locking mechanism casing (2) are fixedly connected together by bolts, and the power can pass through the locking mechanism casing (2), The torque response mechanism housing (9), thrust shaft (15) are delivered to the output shaft (10).

In the differential that can be automatically locked, the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23) are coaxially installed on the central shaft (7) inside the inner shell (3) of the locking mechanism. The swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23) are perpendicular to each other under normal conditions, forming four swing arms, and the four quadrant spaces between the four swing arms are respectively equipped with two pairs of swing arm propelling springs (21) and two pairs of swing arms. The swing arm return spring (19), one end of the swing arm push spring (21) is fixed on the swing arm, the other end is close to the slope of the inclined plane (22), and one end of the swing arm return spring (19) is fixed on the spring. Plate (18), the other end is fixed on the swing arm.

In the differential that can be automatically locked, there are four friction blocks (4), and the four friction blocks (4) are hinged at the two ends of the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23). , and be arranged in the space above the locking mechanism housing (2) and the wedge block (6); between the four friction blocks and the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23), a friction block return spring ( 20).

In the automatic lockable differential, a cavity corresponding to the position of the wedge block (6) is provided on the inner casing (3) of the locking mechanism, which can accommodate the wedge block (6) and the friction block (4). ; The section of the wedge block (6) becomes thicker gradually, and a wedge-shaped mechanism is formed between it and the friction block (4).

In the differential gear that can be automatically locked, four wedge blocks (6) are distributed in groups of two at both ends of the disc diameter, and the included angle between the two groups is 10-30°.

In the automatically lockable differential, the torque reaction mechanism includes a torque reaction mechanism tray (8), a torque reaction mechanism housing (9), and a thrust shaft (15), and the torque reaction mechanism tray (8) is a disc Shape, fixed four wedge-shaped blocks (6) at a certain distance from the edge of the disc; The free end is provided with two symmetrical inclined planes (22A), inclined planes (22B), and the two inclined planes (22A), inclined planes (22B) are close to the swing between the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23). One end of the arm push spring (21), the other end of the swing arm push spring (21) is fixed on the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23);

In the differential that can be automatically locked, the torque reaction mechanism tray (8) and the thrust shaft (15) are connected through a thrust bearing, and the tray pull plate (13) fixes the torque reaction mechanism tray (8) on the On the thrust bearing inside the thrust shaft (15), the torque response mechanism tray (8) and the thrust shaft (15) can move relative to each other in the circumferential direction.

In the differential that can be automatically locked, several thrust shaft guide rails (16) arrays are distributed on the inner circumferential surface of the torque reaction mechanism casing (9), which consists of a section parallel to the main axis of the torque reaction mechanism casing (9). The linear track is connected with a V-shaped shaped track, and the array of thrust shaft guide pillars (17) corresponding to the thrust shaft guide rail (16) is distributed on the circumference of the thrust shaft (15), and the thrust shaft guide pillars ( 17) Cooperate with the thrust shaft guide track (16) and be limited in the V-shaped special track of the thrust shaft guide track (16). When the torque on the output shaft (10) is small, the pre-loaded control force passes through the thrust shaft guide When the torque generated by the column (17) is relatively large, the thrust shaft guide column (17) and the thrust shaft (15) move axially relative to the torque response mechanism housing (9), pushing the torque response mechanism tray (8) to move inward; on the contrary Yes, when the torque on the output shaft (10) is large and the torque generated by the pre-applied control force through the thrust shaft guide post (17) is relatively small, the thrust shaft guide post (17) and the thrust shaft (15) will respond to the shell of the torque response mechanism (9) Axial movement, pulling the torque response mechanism tray (8) to move outward.

In the differential that can be automatically locked, the inner casing (3) of the locking mechanism and the central locking shaft (1) are connected by splines, and the torque reaction mechanism directly participates in the action of the locking mechanism; the thrust shaft of the torque reaction mechanism (15) is linked with the output shaft (10) through a spline with balls, the output shaft (10) and the thrust shaft (15) can move relative to each other in the axial direction, but can not move relative to the circumferential direction, when the output shaft (10) ), the thrust shaft (15) starts to move axially relative to the torque response mechanism housing (9), pushing the torque response mechanism tray (8) to move inward, pushing the wedge block (6), and the wedge block (6) is inserted into the In the space below the friction block (4), since the section of the wedge block (6) becomes thicker gradually, a wedge-shaped mechanism is formed between it and the friction block (4), and then the two slopes (22A, 22B) of the inclined plane (22) push The swing arm between the two swing arms (5, 23) pushes the spring (21), and then pushes the first swing arm (5) and the second swing arm (23) to rotate, and the end of the swing arm pushes four friction blocks (4) , so that it squeezes into the wedge-shaped mechanism. In the structure shown in Figure 3, when the outer shell (2) of the locking mechanism rotates counterclockwise relative to the inner shell (3) of the locking mechanism, the first swing arm (5) and its connected The wedge-shaped mechanism plays a locking role and generates a relatively large friction force that hinders the relative movement of the inner shell, so that the output shaft (10) and the central locking shaft (1) are locked; the outer shell (2) of the locking mechanism is relatively locked inside the locking mechanism When the shell (3) rotates clockwise, the second swing arm (23) and the wedge-shaped mechanism connected to it play a locking role, generating a relatively large frictional force that hinders the relative movement of the inner shell, so that the output shaft (10) and the central lock The stop shaft (1) is locked to form a hard connection, and the power is directly transmitted to the output shaft; and when the torque on the output shaft (10) becomes larger again, the torque reaction mechanism tray (8) will move outward, and the wedge (6) will be drawn out. Make the wedge-shaped mechanism invalid, the first swing arm and the second swing arm in the locking mechanism return to the initial position under the action of the return spring (19) of the swing arm and the return spring (20) of the friction block, and the differential also returns to the original position. In the open state, the central differential gear returns to the normal working state, thereby the differential function recovers, and the power reaches the output shaft through the locking mechanism casing (2), the torque reaction mechanism casing (9), and the thrust shaft (15).

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has following advantages:

1. The present invention does not use a high-friction mechanism alone for locking control, and there is no energy loss in the process of differential speed, which saves energy and reduces emissions, and is not easy to overheat.

2. The present invention uses electronic control and mechanical response methods to make the control more intelligent and the response faster, and the torque value when locking is required can be adjusted in real time by electronic equipment. Vehicles equipped with this device have better passability and road adaptability.

3. The process requirement is lower than that of Torsen differential.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a 360° expanded view of the surface A of the thrust shaft 15;

Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the C-C sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a D-D sectional view of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is the E-E sectional view of Fig. 3;

Fig. 7 is the F direction view of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is the G direction view of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of thrust shaft guide post 17 being stressed;

1 central locking shaft; 2 outer shell of locking mechanism; 3 inner shell of locking mechanism; 4 friction block; 5 first swing arm; 6 wedge block; 7 central shaft; 8 tray of torque reaction mechanism; Output shaft; 11 Control force pre-loaded push plate; 12 Central shaft end baffle; 13 Tray pull plate; 14 Ball; 15 Thrust shaft; 16 Thrust shaft guide rail; 17 Thrust shaft guide column; Return spring; 20 friction block return spring; 21 swing arm advancing spring; 22 inclined plane; 23 second swing arm, 24 planetary gear, 25 right gear;

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 1 , an automatically lockable differential includes an open differential mechanism, a central locking shaft 1 , a locking mechanism, a torque response mechanism and a control force pre-applying mechanism. The open differential mechanism is an ordinary open differential. The central locking shaft 1 is a cross shaft structure. The vertical shaft of the cross shaft is connected with the planetary gear of the open differential through bearings. The horizontal shaft of the cross shaft is connected with the planetary gear of the open differential. The left and right gears of the open differential are connected by bearings, and the central locking shaft 1 as a whole cannot rotate relative to the open differential (during normal driving, the central locking shaft follows the planetary gears of the differential to rotate around the horizontal axis), and the central locking shaft 1 The stop shaft 1 is connected to one end of the inner housing 3 of the locking mechanism through a spline to provide a point of force during locking; the control force pre-applying mechanism can be applied by any device that can provide a certain pressure, and the torque reaction mechanism is used to respond to the The control force and the torque on the output shaft are pre-applied, thereby starting or stopping the locking mechanism.

The locking mechanism includes a locking mechanism outer shell 2, a locking mechanism inner shell 3, a first swing arm 5, a second swing arm 23, a friction block 4, a swing arm propulsion spring 21, a swing arm return spring 19, and a ramp body 22 , wedge block 6; locking mechanism housing 2 is fixedly connected with the left and right gears of the open differential, and can rotate together with the left and right gears of the open differential, and the torque reaction mechanism housing 9 and the locking mechanism housing 2 are fixedly connected by bolts Together, power can be delivered to the output shaft 10 through the locking mechanism casing 2 , the torque reaction mechanism casing 9 , and the thrust shaft 15 .

The first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23 are coaxially installed on the central axis 7 inside the inner shell 3 of the locking mechanism. The first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23 are normally perpendicular to each other to form four swing arms. , two pairs of swing arm propulsion springs 21 and two pairs of swing arm return springs 19 are respectively installed in the four quadrant spaces between the four swing arms. On the slope of 22, one end of swing arm return spring 19 is fixed on spring fixed plate 18, and the other end is fixed on the swing arm.

There are four friction blocks 4, and the four friction blocks 4 are hinged at the two ends of the first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23, and are arranged in the upper space of the locking mechanism housing 2 and the wedge block 6; four A friction block return spring 20 is arranged between the friction block and the first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23;

A cavity corresponding to the position of the wedge block 6 and the friction block 4 is provided on the circumference of the inner housing 3 of the locking mechanism;

Two pairs of four wedge blocks 6 are distributed on the two ends of the disc diameter, and the angle between the two groups is 10-30°.

The torque reaction mechanism comprises a torque reaction mechanism tray 8, a torque reaction mechanism shell 9, and a thrust shaft 15, and the torque reaction mechanism tray 8 is disc-shaped, and four wedge blocks 6 are fixed at a certain distance from the edge of the disc; , the inside of the circumference where the wedge-shaped block 6 is located radially fixes two inclined planes 22; the free end of the inclined plane 22 is provided with two symmetrical inclined planes 22A and inclined planes 22B, and the two inclined planes 22A and inclined planes 22B are close to the first swing arm 5 1. One end of the swing arm push spring 21 between the second swing arm 23, the other end of the swing arm push spring 21 is fixed on the first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23;

The torque reaction mechanism tray 8 and the thrust shaft 15 are connected by a thrust bearing, and the tray pull plate 13 fixes the torque reaction mechanism tray 8 on the thrust bearing inside the thrust shaft 15 through bolts, and the torque reaction mechanism tray 8 and the thrust shaft 15 can be used as Circumferential relative movement.

A plurality of thrust shaft guide rails 16 arrays are distributed on the inner circumferential surface of the torque reaction mechanism housing 9, which is formed by connecting a straight line parallel to the main axis of the torque reaction mechanism housing 9 and a V-shaped special-shaped rail, and is connected with the above-mentioned thrust shaft guide rail. The thrust shaft guide post 17 array corresponding to the track 16 is distributed on the thrust shaft 15 circumference, and the thrust shaft guide post 17 cooperates with the thrust shaft guide track 16, and is limited in the V-shaped special-shaped track of the thrust shaft guide track 16 ( The linear track is only for the convenience of the assembly of the thrust shaft guide post 17 and the thrust shaft guide track 16. Due to the limit effect of the control force pre-loaded push plate 11, the thrust shaft guide post 17 will not enter the linear track), referring to Fig. 9, The pre-applied control force is applied to the control force pre-applied push plate 11, the force generated by the pre-applied control force on the thrust shaft guide post 17 is F2, and the output shaft 10 torque produces an active force on the thrust shaft guide post 17 is F ₁ , the resultant force of the two is F, and the angle between F and the V-shaped track is α. When the torque on the output shaft 10 is small and the torque generated by the pre-applied control force through the thrust shaft guide post 17 is relatively large, the resultant force F and The included angle α of the V-shaped track is greater than 90°. Under the action of the resultant force F, the thrust shaft guide column 17 and the thrust shaft 15 move to the left relative to the torque response mechanism housing 9, pushing the torque response mechanism tray 8 to move inward; on the contrary, when the output The torque on the shaft 10 is relatively large, and the torque generated by the pre-applied control force through the thrust shaft guide post 17 is relatively small, and the angle α between the resultant force F and the V-shaped track is less than 90°. Under the action of the resultant force F, the thrust shaft guide post 17 and The thrust shaft 15 moves rightward relative to the torque reaction mechanism shell 9, and pulls the torque reaction mechanism tray 8 to move outward.

The preloaded control force is a non-linear value that can be obtained through routine experiments. The pre-adding control force of the present invention can be applied on the control force pre-adding push plate 11 by any device that can provide a certain pressure. Factors such as intention judgment, driving gradient, and driver's forced intervention are controlled by the ECU in combination with test data and can be adjusted in real time.

The inner casing 3 of the locking mechanism is linked with the central locking shaft 1 through a spline, and the torque reaction mechanism directly participates in the action of the locking mechanism. The thrust shaft 15 of the torque response mechanism and the output shaft 10 are connected by a spline with balls. The output shaft 10 and the thrust shaft 15 can move relative to each other in the axial direction, but not in the circumferential direction. Under normal driving conditions, the output shaft The torque on 10 is relatively large, and the angle α between the resultant force F and the V-shaped track is less than 90°. At this time, the open differential works normally, and the power is smoothly transmitted to the output shaft according to the above path; when the torque on the output shaft 10 is small (such as tire suspended, slipping), the thrust shaft 15 starts to move axially relative to the torque response mechanism shell 9, and pushes the torque response mechanism tray 8 to move inwardly, pushing the wedge block 6, and the wedge block 6 is inserted into the space at the bottom of the friction block 4, referring to Fig. 3 , Because the wedge block 6 cross-section becomes thicker gradually (the wedge block 6 at the position of the second swing arm 23 and its friction block 4 is thickened in the clockwise direction, the wedge block 6 at the position of the first swing arm 5 and its friction block is thickened in the counterclockwise direction), so it forms a wedge-shaped mechanism with the friction block 4, and then the two inclined surfaces (inclined surface 22A, inclined surface 22B) of the inclined plane body 22 push the swing arm between the two swing arms 5, 23 to advance The spring 21 further promotes the first swing arm 5 and the second swing arm 23 to rotate, and the end of the swing arm pushes four friction blocks 4 to squeeze them into the wedge mechanism. In the structure shown in Figure 3, the locking mechanism housing 2 When the inner shell 3 of the locking mechanism rotates counterclockwise, the first swing arm 5 and the wedge-shaped mechanism connected to it play a locking role, generating a relatively large friction force that hinders the relative movement of the inner shell, so that the output shaft 10 is locked with the center. Axis 1 is locked; when the outer shell 2 of the locking mechanism rotates clockwise relative to the inner shell 3 of the locking mechanism, the second swing arm 23 and the wedge-shaped mechanism connected to it play a locking role, generating relatively large friction that hinders the relative movement of the inner shell force, the output shaft 10 is locked with the central locking shaft 1 to form a hard connection, and the power is directly transmitted to the output shaft.

And when the torque on the output shaft 10 becomes larger again (for example, the tire touches the ground and no longer skids), the torque response mechanism tray 8 can move outwards, and the wedge 6 is extracted (the surface of the wedge is smooth, the inner surface of the friction block is smooth, and the outer surface of the friction block The inner surface of the housing of the locking mechanism is rough and has a frictional locking effect), which makes the wedge mechanism invalid. Return to the initial position under the action, the differential also returns to the open state, and the central differential gear returns to the normal working state, thus the differential function is restored, and the power arrives through the locking mechanism casing 2, the torque reaction mechanism casing 9, and the thrust shaft 15 Output shaft.

The position of the thrust shaft 15 relative to the differential case of the present invention will change from time to time, but due to the effect of the ball spline, the position of the output shaft can be kept constant, and the torque can be transmitted.

The invention can be used as the central differential of the vehicle and the differentials of the front and rear axles, so that the vehicle can play a normal differential speed function when the vehicle is running normally, and there is no additional friction or energy loss. When the tires of the vehicle start to slip (the friction between the road surface and the tires is lower than the preset value, and the relative rotation between the tires and the ground takes place), the differential is locked immediately, and the power output of the other output shaft will not be affected. The off-road passability of the vehicle and the stability of driving on slippery roads are obviously improved, and there is almost no additional energy loss.

It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. it is a kind of can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that including open differential mechanism, central locking shaft (1), locking Mechanism, moment of torsion reaction mechanism and controling power pre-add mechanism；Central locking shaft (1) is a cross axle structure, cross axle it is vertical The planetary gear of axle and open type differential is connected by bearing, the trunnion axis of cross axle and the left and right gear of open type differential Connected by bearing, the overall opposing open formula differential mechanism of central locking shaft (1) is non-rotatable, and central locking shaft (1) passes through spline It is connected that there is provided impetus during locking with one end of lockable mechanism inner casing (3)；Controling power pre-add mechanism is used to apply pre-add control Power, moment of torsion reaction mechanism is used in response to the moment of torsion on the pre-add controling power and output shaft, and then starts or stop and be described Lockable mechanism；The lockable mechanism includes lockable mechanism shell (2), lockable mechanism inner casing (3), the first swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23), brake pad (4), swing arm propelling spring (21), swing arm return spring (19), clinohedral (22), wedge (6)；Locking machine Structure shell (2) is fixedly connected with the left and right gear of open type differential, can follow the left and right gear of open type differential together Rotate, moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9) and lockable mechanism shell (2) are bolted to connection together, and power can pass through Lockable mechanism shell (2), moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9), thrust axis (15) are delivered to output shaft (10)；Moment of torsion reaction mechanism bag Include moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8), moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9), thrust axis (15), the moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) To be discoid, four wedges (6) are fixed apart from disk border certain distance；On the disk, circumference where wedge (6) Radially inside fix two clinohedrals (22)；The free end of clinohedral (22) sets two symmetrical inclined-planes (22A, 22B), two Individual inclined-plane (22A, 22B) abuts against one end of the swing arm propelling spring (21) between the first swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23), pendulum Arm propelling spring (21) other end is fixed on the first swing arm (5), in the second swing arm (23).

2. it is according to claim 1 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that the first swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23) it is coaxially mounted on the internal central shaft (7) of lockable mechanism inner casing (3), the first swing arm (5), the positive reason of the second swing arm (23) It is mutually perpendicular under condition, forms four swing arms, four quadrant spaces between four swing arms are respectively mounted two pairs of swing arm propelling springs (21) and two pairs of swing arms return springs (19), one end of swing arm propelling spring (21) is fixed in swing arm, and the other end is abutted against tiltedly On the inclined-plane of face body (22), one end that swing arm returns spring (19) is fixed on spring dead plate (18), and the other end is fixed on swing arm On.

3. it is according to claim 2 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that the brake pad (4) be four, four Individual brake pad (4) is hinged on the first swing arm (5), the two ends of the second swing arm (23), and is arranged on lockable mechanism shell (2) and wedge shape In the space on block (6) top；Brake pad is set to return spring between four brake pads and the first swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23) (20)。

4. it is according to claim 1 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that on lockable mechanism inner casing (3) circumference Setting is corresponding with the wedge (6) position can to accommodate the cavity of wedge (6) and brake pad (4)；Wedge (6) section Gradually thickening, it forms wedge mechanism between brake pad (4).

5. it is according to claim 2 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that four one group two-by-two of wedges (6) It is 10-30 ° to be distributed in angle between the two ends of disk diameter, two groups.

6. it is according to claim 1 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) and Thrust axis is connected between (15) by thrust bearing, and pallet arm-tie (13) is fixed by moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) by bolt On the internal thrust bearing of thrust axis (15), it is relative that moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) and thrust axis (15) can do circumferencial direction Motion.

7. it is according to claim 1 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that some thrust axis guide rails (16) array distribution is on moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9) inner peripheral surface, and it is by one section and moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9) main shaft Parallel rectilinear orbit and the special-shaped track being in the shape of the letter V are formed by connecting, one-to-one with above-mentioned thrust axis guide rail (16) Thrust axis guide pillar (17) array distribution is on thrust axis (15) circumference, and thrust axis guide pillar (17) is matched somebody with somebody with thrust axis guide rail (16) Close, and be limited in the special-shaped track of the V-shaped of thrust axis guide rail (16), when moment of torsion is smaller on output shaft (10), in advance Plus the moment of torsion that is produced by thrust axis guide pillar (17) of controling power it is relatively large when, thrust axis guide pillar (17) and thrust axis (15) are relative Moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9) is axially moved, and promotes moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) inwardly to move；Opposite, work as output shaft (10) moment of torsion is larger on, the moment of torsion relatively hour that pre-add controling power is produced by thrust axis guide pillar (17), thrust axis guide pillar (17) and thrust axis (15) opposing torque reaction mechanism shell (9) is axially moved, moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) is pulled to outward transport It is dynamic.

8. it is according to claim 1 can automatic locking differential mechanism, it is characterised in that lockable mechanism inner casing (3) with center Locking shaft (1) is linked by spline, and moment of torsion reaction mechanism directly participates in the action of lockable mechanism；The thrust axis of moment of torsion reaction mechanism (15) linked with output shaft (10) by a kind of spline with ball, axially can phase between output shaft (10) and thrust axis (15) To motion, and circumferencial direction not can be movable relatively, and when moment of torsion is smaller on output shaft (10), it is anti-that thrust axis (15) starts opposing torque Answer mechanism shell (9) to axially move, promote moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) inwardly to move, promote wedge (6), wedge (6) space of brake pad (4) bottom is inserted, because wedge (6) section is gradually thickening, therefore its shape between brake pad (4) Wedgewise mechanism, the afterwards swing arm between two inclined-planes (22A, 22B), two swing arms (5,23) of promotion of clinohedral (22) is promoted Spring (21), and then the first swing arm (5), the second swing arm (23) rotation are promoted, swing arm end promotes four brake pads (4), makes it Squeeze into wedge mechanism；Lockable mechanism shell (2) with respect to lockable mechanism inner casing (3) rotate counterclockwise when, the first swing arm (5) and Connected wedge mechanism plays locking effect, produces frictional force that hinder inside and outside shell relative motion, larger, makes output shaft (10) with central locking shaft (1) locking；When lockable mechanism shell (2) turns clockwise with respect to lockable mechanism inner casing (3), the second pendulum Arm (23) and connected wedge mechanism play locking effect, produce friction that hinder inside and outside shell relative motion, larger Power, makes output shaft (10) and central locking shaft (1) locking, forms Hard link, power directly passes on output shaft；And work as output shaft (10) moment of torsion becomes big again on, and moment of torsion reaction mechanism pallet (8) can be moved out, and extracts wedge (6) out, loses wedge mechanism The first swing arm, the second swing arm return spring (19), brake pad in brake pad recurrence spring (20) in swing arm in effect, lockable mechanism Initial position is returned under effect, differential mechanism also returns to open state, and central differential gear recovers normal operating conditions, so that Differential function recovers, and power is reached by lockable mechanism shell (2), moment of torsion reaction mechanism shell (9), thrust axis (15) and exported Axle.