CN105483580B - A kind of weak/non-basal plane texture, less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of weak/non-basal plane texture, less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of weak/non-basal plane texture, less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys and preparation method thereof, belong to plastic forming technology of magnesium alloy products field.As cast condition AZ61 magnesium alloys are subjected to solution treatment, in the case where deformation temperature is 250~350 DEG C, using industrial air swager hammering is continuously circulated along three mutually orthogonal axial directions, one direction hammering is once a time, changed direction per hammering a time, every time dependent variable is 3~10%, and hammering average strain rate is in 15~200s‑1, the continuous passage of hammering 20~250.12~30 μm of sample crystallite dimension after hammering, texture peak strength are less than 6, and texture peak is more than 30 ° with respect to pole figure center deviation angle；In sample all directions, yield strength σy, tensile strength sigmab, elongation percentage δ be respectively not less than 90MPa, 270MPa and 20%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plastic forming technology of magnesium alloy products field, and in particular to a kind of weak/non-basal plane texture, less anisotropy
AZ61 magnesium alloys and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
With other metal phase ratios, magnesium alloy has that density is small, specific strength is high, damping performance is good, good heat conductivity, processability
Can be good the advantages that, had broad application prospects in fields such as automobile, electronics, communication, Aero-Space, national defence.However, magnesium alloy
With close-packed hexagonal structure, independent slip-system is few, at room temperature mainly with basal plane (0001)<11-20>Based on sliding, at high temperature
Other more slip systems could be started.Therefore, the comprehensive mechanical property of magnesium alloy at room temperature is unsatisfactory, seriously limits it
Large-scale industrial application.
And business magnesium alloy is usually formed stronger during the processing method (as extruded, rolling or forging) of routine
Basal plane texture, basal plane parallel to machine direction (such as direction of extrusion, rolling or forging plane any direction).Knit in this strong basis face
Structure will cause obvious anisotropy (such as tension and compression asymmetry), make magnesium alloy that there is undesirable intensity to be matched with plasticity.Business
Following problem be present in the conventional forging method of industry magnesium alloy：1) because magnesium alloy thermal conductivity is good, narrow forging temperature, often
Before the hydraulic press or low-speed machinery forcing press of rule forge at a slow speed, forging tools need to be preheated, and in low speed forging process, sample temperature
It is easily reduced to outside malleable temperature range, needs Repeat-heating to continue to forge, cause production procedure cumbersome, give birth to forging temperature
It is low to produce efficiency, cost is high；2) lubricants such as mineral oil or graphite are needed to lubricate when magnesium alloy low speed forges, and one direction needs greatly
Deflection could occur dynamic recrystallization crystal grain thinning, the big deflection on single direction makes to be also easy to produce in its forging process
Crackle；Therefore, usually then forged first to magnesium alloy by extrusion blooming using the magnesium alloy of extrusion blooming；3) magnesium closes
Golden low speed forging deformation amount is too big easily to form strong basis plane texture, causes mechanical property to show as anisotropy.
For shortcoming present in normal forging process, people begin one's study multiway forging technique, it is intended to improve magnesium alloy
Mechanical property.At present, the multiway forging method of business magnesium alloy mainly has constant temperature multiway forging, cooling multiway forging, room temperature small
Dependent variable multiway forging and multidirectional hammering method.
Document [X.S.Xia, M.Chen, Y.J.Lu, F.Y.Fan, C.H.Zhu, J.Huang, T.Q.Deng, S.F.Zhu,
Microstructure and mechanical properties of isothermal multi-axial forging
formed AZ61Mg alloy,Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,
2013.23(11):P.3186-3192] employ a kind of constant temperature multiway forging method and prepare AZ61 magnesium alloys, single pass heavy deformation
53%, forging speed is 4mm/s, forges 6 passages.The forging method has successfully forged large-sized magnesium alloy block materials, group
Knit and refined, while mechanical property is improved, but due to being constant temperature multiway forging, cause to overturn forging between every time
Inconvenience, and be required for being reheated to deformation temperature and be incubated a period of time, forging front mold is also required to preheat, and whole forging
Lubricant is needed to lubricate during making, production process is cumbersome；Forging speed is slow, and strain rate is 5 × 10-2s-1, production efficiency
It is low；Because single pass heavy deformation is 53%, strong-texture is formed after finally forging；Be not suitable for the big of business magnesium alloy in this way
Technical scale produces.
Document [H.Miura, G.Yu, X.Yang, Multi-directional forging of AZ61Mg alloy
under decreasing temperature conditions and improvement of its mechanical
properties,Materials Science and Engineering A,2011.528(22-23):P.6981-6992] carry
A kind of cooling multiway forging method is gone out, using single pass aximal deformation value 59%, forging strain rate is 3 × 10-3s-1, entirely
Without Repeat-heating in forging process, 350 DEG C of forging temperature is gradually dropped to 230 DEG C, forges 5 passages.The forging method employs
Cool the method processed, and solves the problems, such as Repeat-heating, reduces cost to a certain extent, simplifies production procedure, but whole
Individual multiway forging process is carried out in vacuum environment, and forging environment is harsh；Single pass heavy deformation is big, forging strain rate is low, and
Sample shape gross distortion after every time forging, need to correct sample shape, and so as to follow-up forging, forging process is complicated, production
Efficiency bottom, cost are high；Single pass heavy deformation is 59%, and strong-texture will be formed after finally forging；Business is also not suitable in this way
The large-scale industrial production of industry magnesium alloy.
Document [H.Miura, T.Maruoka, X, Yang, J.J.Jonas, Microstructure and mechanical
properties of multi-directionally forged Mg-Al-Zn alloy,Scripta Materialia,
2012.66(1):P.49-51 a kind of small strain amount room temperature multiway forging] is proposed, using single pass heavy deformation 10%, forging should
Variable Rate 3 × 10-3s-1, forge 20 passages.Average grain size can reach 0.6 μm after forging, tensile strength sigmab, yield strength
σy, elongation percentage δ respectively reach 525MPa, 480MPa, 5%.The forging of room temperature small strain amount is the method achieve, is reduced into
This, has given full play to twin effect, and original grain forms tiny tissue, while texture intensity by a large amount of twin segmentations
Also weakened, but due to being deformation at room temperature, the forging circulation passage that can implement is few, can not obtain even tissue, complete
The equiax crystal recrystallized entirely, and it is low to forge strain rate, be equally also not suitable for the extensive work of business magnesium alloy in this way
Industry produces.
Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences reports a kind of multi-direction, circulation, high-energy-rate hammering forges the forging side of magnesium alloy
Method (patent publication No. CN103805923A), using multi-direction hammering forging method, each direction hammers 2~100 times, often
The dependent variable of secondary hammering is 2.5~30%, and each direction dependent variable reaches 5~80%, and sample overturns 10~90 °, until reaching
Required shape and size.This method is successfully realized the multidirectional hammering magnesium alloy of high speed, and material surface is without any crackle, forging
Make that efficiency high, cost are low, but this method does not consider to forge the influence to texture, it is allowed to hammered using each direction multiple, tired
Product dependent variable reaches 10~80%, and dependent variable does not have strict control on each direction, and this will make materials microstructure after forging
Uncontrollable with texture, the structure property for producing forging does not possess uniformity.
Therefore, a kind of forging method of high efficiency, low cost is developed, obtains weak/non-basal plane texture, the business of less anisotropy
Magnesium alloy, so as to improve the key technology that magnesium alloy room-temperature mechanical property is promotion wrought magnesium alloy large-scale industrial application.
The content of the invention
Lacked for current business AZ61 magnesium alloy forged existing low production efficiency, cost height, comprehensive mechanical property difference etc.
Point, the present invention provide a kind of weak/non-basal plane texture, less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys and preparation method thereof, present invention production stream
Journey is short, equipment is simple, production efficiency is high, cost is low while the magnesium alloy after processing has weak/non-basal plane texture and good comprehensive
Mechanical property is closed, there is wide prospects for commercial application.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of weak/non-basal plane texture, less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys, weak/non-basal plane texture, less anisotropy
AZ61 magnesium alloys are in (0002) basal plane pole figure, and texture peak intensity is less than 6, and texture peak position is big with respect to pole figure center deviation angle
In 30 °.
Weak/non-basal plane texture, the crystallite dimension of less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys are 12~30 μm, in magnesium alloy
In all directions, yield strength σy>=90MPa, tensile strength sigmab>=270MPa, elongation percentage δ >=20%.
Weak/non-basal plane texture, less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys are prepared as follows：
1) blank prepares：AZ61 magnesium alloy ingots are produced using metal pattern, sand mold gravitational casting or semi-continuous casting method,
Block blank is cut out from ingot casting, each side of blank carries out chamfered, to prevent stress concentration in process, produces surface and splits
Line；
2) solution treatment：Block blank 12~24h of solution treatment at 390~430 DEG C, air cooling or water cooling are then carried out,
Obtain the solid solution state blank of even tissue；
3) hammering is processed：Block blank after solution treatment is first heated to 250~350 DEG C of deformation temperature, insulation 0.5
~16h, then using industrial air swager, the continuously circulation hammering on three mutually orthogonal axial directions of block blank,
One direction hammering is once a time, is changed direction per hammering a time, the dependent variable control of single pass hammering 3~
10%, mean strain speed is in 15~200s-1, the continuous passage of hammering 20~250, air cooling or water cooling are carried out after stopping hammering.
In the hammering process of step 3), the dependent variable absolute value in last every time all directions of 3~24 passage
Difference is no more than 2%, and dependent variable is all controlled 3~5%.
In the hammering process of step 3), without any heat treatment.
Design principle of the present invention is as follows：
Magnesium alloy has Patterns for Close-Packed Hexagonal Crystal structure, and slip system is few, mainly there is basal plane, cylinder, conical surface slip system.Wherein room
Mainly it could start conical surface slip system under high temperature based on basal plane and Prismatic slip system under temperature, low temperature.And basal slip and cylinder
Sliding all is<a>Sliding, glide direction be parallel to basal plane and perpendicular to c-axis<11-20>, can not coordinate along c-axis direction
Strain.Therefore, the deformation mechanism of c-axis direction strain can be coordinated as another kind, it is twin in magnesium alloy plastic deformation process
In equally play an important role.
Twin generation is relevant with crystal grain orientation, deformation temperature, strain rate, crystallite dimension etc. in magnesium alloy.Generally exist
Low temperature, high strain rate, coarse grain content be also easy to produce it is a large amount of twin, wherein mainly with low critical shearing stress (2-
2.8MPa) { 10-12 } stretching it is twin based on.There is " polarity " due to twin, { 10-12 } stretching it is twin parallel to c-axis by
Draw or perpendicular to c-axis be pressurized when could occur.The present invention is random using solid solution state magnesium alloy block blank, its internal grain orientation
Distribution, it is twin that stretching can occur in some crystal grain for the loading in any direction, and due to high being answered using multi-direction
Variable Rate is forged, and can also be produced at relatively high temperatures a large amount of twin.And the twin crystal grain that can effectively change is orientated, twin make such as is stretched
Crystal grain orientation occurs 86.3 ° of changes, compresses twin 56.2 ° of changes of generation.Therefore, it is caused a large amount of twin to texture in the present invention
Randomization produce important effect.On the other hand, caused { 10-12 } stretching is twin in these coarse grains, because its is twin
Raw boundary's both sides misorientation is big, can effectively hinder dislocation motion, and energy storage is provided for recrystallization, promotes the forming core of recrystallization, i.e., twin
Induce recrystallization mechanism.As accumulation strain amount is continuously increased in forging process, recrystallization component increase, crystallite dimension substantially subtracts
It is small, substantial amounts of equi-axed crystal is formed, now twin no longer leading deformation process.The formation of these a large amount of recrystal grains can be effective
Weaken texture intensity, make crystal grain orientation randomization.Therefore, the dynamic recrystallization occurred in the present invention plays important to texture attenuation
Effect, heretofore described weak/non-basal plane texture refers to weak basal plane texture, non-basal plane texture or weak basal plane texture and non-base
The simultaneous situation of plane texture.
The present invention is forged using small strain amount, and strictly controls the dependent variable (3~10%) on each direction, is particularly existed
Dependent variable absolute value in last every time all directions of 3~24 passages is no more than 2%, and all controls 3~5%, and this can
Effectively to avoid the formation of strong basis plane texture, the magnesium alloy forging of less anisotropy is obtained.When AZ31 magnesium alloys are unidirectionally pressed by high temperature
During compression deformation, when dependent variable is more than 10%, great number of grains orientation changes, and its basal plane is gradually perpendicular to loading direction, i.e. shape
Into basal plane texture.Therefore, dependent variable on each direction is controlled using small strain amount and strictly to be closed to obtaining nearly isotropy magnesium
Golden material is most important.
The invention has the advantages that：
1st, the processing method production procedure that the present invention uses is short, is heated before need to only processing, nothing in whole forging process
Repeat-heating is needed, the instrument for forging substantially increases production efficiency, more without preheating while reducing production cost
Effectively processed in the industrialized production of AZ61 magnesium alloys.
2nd, for the equipment that the present invention uses for industrial air swager, equipment is simple, easy to operate, and forging strain rate is high,
Forging time is shortened, reduces the reduction of sample temperature in forging process, ensures the continuous malleability of magnesium alloy, solves
AZ61 magnesium alloys are because of narrow forging temperature and the problem of Repeat-heating, more suitable for being extended to large-scale industrial production.
3rd, this method is using single pass small strain amount forging method, solve magnesium alloy because of plastic deformation ability difference and
The problem of crackle being also easy to produce in forging, the use of the lubricant such as mineral oil or graphite when eliminating forging, while can ensure most
Big cumulative deformation is realized eventually, so as to obtain uniformly tiny recrystallized structure.
4th, the AZ61 magnesium alloys that the present invention processes have weak/non-basal plane texture, and texture peak intensity is less than 6, texture peak position
It is more than 30 ° with respect to pole figure center deviation angle, this weak/non-basal plane texture ensure that less anisotropy, and forging is in all directions
Upper yield strength σy>=90MPa, tensile strength sigmab>=270MPa, elongation percentage δ >=20%, while realizing tensile strength with plasticity
Improve, laid a good foundation for AZ61 magnesium alloy large-scale applications.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic for the processing method that the present invention improves AZ61 magnesium alloy mechanical properties.
Fig. 2 (a)-(d) is the macrograph after the processing of AZ61 magnesium alloys；Wherein：(a) it is grand after 270 DEG C of passages of hammering 30
See figure；(b) macrograph after 270 DEG C of passages of hammering 60；(c) macrograph after 270 DEG C of passages of hammering 120；(d) 320
Macrograph after DEG C passage of hammering 200.
Fig. 3 (a)-(d) is the front and rear organization chart of AZ61 magnesium alloys processing；Wherein：(a) after 420 DEG C of solution treatment 16h
Organization chart；(b) organization chart after 270 DEG C of passages of hammering 30；(c) organization chart after 270 DEG C of passages of hammering 60；(d) at 270 DEG C
Organization chart after the passage of hammering 120.
Fig. 4 (a)-(d) is (0002) basal plane pole figure after the processing of AZ61 magnesium alloys；Wherein：(a) in 270 DEG C of hammering 30
Texture after secondary；(b) texture after 270 DEG C of passages of hammering 60；(c) texture after 270 DEG C of passages of hammering 120；(d) 320
Texture after DEG C passage of hammering 200；LFD is last forging direction in figure, and TD is X draw directions.
Fig. 5 (a)-(c) is mechanical property of the AZ61 magnesium alloys after 270 DEG C of processing on tri- directions of sample coordinate X, Y, Z
Energy；Wherein：(a) mechanical property after the passage of hammering 30；(b) mechanical property after the passage of hammering 60；(c) after the passage of hammering 120
Mechanical property.
Fig. 6 is organization chart of the AZ61 magnesium alloys after 320 DEG C of passages of hammering 200.
Fig. 7 is mechanical property of the AZ61 magnesium alloys after 320 DEG C of processing on tri- directions of sample coordinate X, Y, Z.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
X, Y and Z-direction represent three mutually orthogonal axial directions of magnesium alloy block materials respectively in following embodiment and accompanying drawing
Direction, during block materials are carried out with continuous circulation hammering, hammering can be circulated successively according to X → Y → Z or Z → Y → X, such as schemed
Shown in 1.
Embodiment 1
From AZ61 magnesium alloy D.C.casting as cast condition materials, three 50mm × 50mm × 50mm square blocks are cut out in ingot casting
Body blank, the air cooling after 420 DEG C of solution treatment 16h；30min is incubated at 270 DEG C, then on industrial air swager, is entered
Row hammering is processed, i.e., hammering is continuously circulated in tri- directions of X, Y, Z, and a direction hammering is once a time, per hammering together
It is secondary to change direction.The control of every time dependent variable is 5%, and average strain rate is in 20s-1, three continuous hammering of block blanks difference
30 passages (sample 1), 60 passages (sample 2), 120 passages (sample 3).Time used in the passage of hammering 120 is 3.5min, forging knot
For the sample temperature of beam at 265 DEG C~300 DEG C, final sample carries out air cooling.Sample surfaces after hammering are without any defect, and each
Size difference before sample size in three directions and forging is no more than 20%, sees Fig. 2 (a)-(c)；Formed after hammering tiny
Uniform equiax crystal, 10~30 μm are reduced to by 420 μm before processing, and without any micro-crack, see Fig. 3 (a)-(d)；After hammering
Texture be weak non-basal plane texture, texture peak intensity is 3.5~6, and texture peak is with respect to pole figure center deviation angle 30
~45 °, see Fig. 4 (a)-(c)；Three direction upper yield strength σ after hammeringy>=90MPa, tensile strength sigmab>=270MPa, elongation percentage
δ >=23%, it is shown in Table 1 and Fig. 5 (a)-(c).
Table 1.AZ61 magnesium alloys are in the front and rear mechanical property of 270 DEG C of processing
Embodiment 2
From AZ61 magnesium alloy D.C.casting as cast condition materials, 55mm × 55mm × 55mm square block bases are cut out in ingot casting
Material, the air cooling after 420 DEG C of solution treatment 16h；60min is incubated at 320 DEG C, then on industrial air swager, is hammered into shape
Forging processing, i.e., continuously circulate hammering in tri- directions of X, Y, Z, and a direction hammering is once a time, becomes per hammering a time
Change direction.The control of every time dependent variable is 5%, and average strain rate is in 30s-1, the continuous passage of hammering 200, the time used is
4.5min, the sample temperature for forging end are 345 DEG C, and final sample carries out air cooling.Sample surfaces after hammering without any defect,
And sample size is basically unchanged, Fig. 2 (d) is seen；After hammering formed fine uniform equiax crystal, average grain size at 16 μm, and
Without any micro-crack, Fig. 6 is seen；Texture after hammering is weak non-basal plane texture, and texture peak intensity is 2.25, texture peak phase
It is 65 ° to pole figure center deviation angle, sees Fig. 4 (d)；Three direction upper yield strength σ after hammeringy>=100MPa, tensile strength sigmab
>=290MPa, elongation percentage δ >=27%, are shown in Table 2 and Fig. 7.
Table 2.AZ61 magnesium alloys are in the front and rear mechanical property of 320 DEG C of processing
Claims (5)
1. a kind of weak/non-basal plane texture, the preparation method of less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys, it is characterised in that：Weak/non-base
Plane texture, less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys are in (0002) basal plane pole figure, and texture peak strength is less than 6, texture peak
It is more than 30 ° with respect to pole figure center deviation angle；The preparation method of the magnesium alloy comprises the following steps：
1) blank prepares：AZ61 magnesium alloy ingots are produced using metal pattern, sand mold gravitational casting or semi-continuous casting method, from casting
Block blank is cut out in ingot, each side of blank carries out chamfered；
2) solution treatment；
3) hammering is processed：Block blank after solution treatment is first heated to 250~350 DEG C of deformation temperature, and insulation 0.5~
16h, then using industrial air swager, continuous circulation hammer is carried out on three mutually orthogonal axial directions of block blank
Forging, a direction hammering be once a time, is changed direction per hammering a time, the dependent variable of single pass hammering controls 3~
10%, mean strain speed is in 15~200s-1, it is continuous to circulate the passage of hammering 20~250, carry out air cooling or water after stopping hammering
It is cold.
2. weak/non-basal plane texture according to claim 1, the preparation method of less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys, its feature
It is：Weak/non-basal plane texture, the crystallite dimension of less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys are 12~30 μm.
3. weak/non-basal plane texture according to claim 1, the preparation method of less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys, its feature
It is：In weak/non-basal plane texture, all directions of less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys, yield strength σy>=90MPa,
Tensile strength sigmab>=270MPa, elongation percentage δ >=20%.
4. weak/non-basal plane texture according to claim 1, the preparation method of less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys, its feature
It is：Step 2) the solution treatment refers to 12~24h of solution treatment at 390~430 DEG C, obtains the solid solution state of even tissue
Blank.
5. weak/non-basal plane texture according to claim 1, the preparation method of less anisotropy AZ61 magnesium alloys, its feature
It is：In the hammering process of step 3), the dependent variable absolute value difference in last every time all directions of 3~24 passage
No more than 2%, and dependent variable is all controlled 3~5%.
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| CN107130197B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-06-05 | 西安航空学院 | A kind of deformation heat treatment method of Ultra-fine Grained AZ80 magnesium alloys |
| CN108642416A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-12 | 湖南工学院 | A kind of less anisotropy deformation Mg-6Zn-0.45Zr alloy preparation methods |
| CN108531837A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-14 | 湖南工学院 | A kind of Ultra-fine Grained AZ61 magnesium alloys block materials preparation method |
| CN108543919A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-18 | 湖南工学院 | A kind of high-performance Mg-Zn-Zr alloy short flow processes |
| CN114505428A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-05-17 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Forging process of near-isotropic, high-strength and high-plasticity Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy material |
| CN113235027B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-12-10 | 重庆理工大学 | Deformed magnesium alloy plate with good matching of strength and plasticity and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103805923A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Forging method for multi-direction, circulatory and high-speed hammer forging of magnesium alloy |
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