CN105477894A - Novel device capable of realizing evaporation and concentration of Cu-Ni-Co electrodeposition and electrolysis solution - Google Patents
Novel device capable of realizing evaporation and concentration of Cu-Ni-Co electrodeposition and electrolysis solution Download PDFInfo
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- CN105477894A CN105477894A CN201610044588.XA CN201610044588A CN105477894A CN 105477894 A CN105477894 A CN 105477894A CN 201610044588 A CN201610044588 A CN 201610044588A CN 105477894 A CN105477894 A CN 105477894A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/28—Evaporating with vapour compression
- B01D1/2803—Special features relating to the vapour to be compressed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/28—Evaporating with vapour compression
- B01D1/2896—Control, regulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel device capable of realizing evaporation and concentration of a Cu-Ni-Co electrodeposition and electrolysis solution. A water vapor outlet in the upper part of an evaporation kettle is connected to a vapor recovery device, and the vapor recovery device after passing through a pipe of a medium input vapor heat exchanger and a pipe of a medium output vapor heat exchanger is connected to a condensate water collecting device; a medium liquid outlet in the bottom of the evaporation kettle passes through the other pipe of the medium output vapor heat exchanger, a circulating pump and the other pipe of the medium input vapor heat exchanger sequentially and is connected to the evaporation kettle, and an outlet of the other pipe of the medium output vapor heat exchanger is connected with a concentration and crystallization tank through a slurry pump; the evaporation kettle is provided with a detection device, the condensate water collecting device is connected with a pipe of a medium preheating heat exchanger through a condensate pump, and the other pipe of the medium preheating heat exchanger is used for inputting a medium liquid and is connected with the evaporation kettle and the circulating pump. The vapor produced through evaporation is reutilized, energy in evaporation and concentration processes of electrolyte in electrolysis and electrodeposition is recycled, and energy consumption and cost in production are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrodeposition, electrolyte purification technology field, particularly related to a kind of novel Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition, electrolyte evaporation concentration device, can be used for the evaporation and concentration of electrolyte in the technique of the metals such as copper, zinc, nickel.
Background technology
Current domestic nonferrous smelting industry, have that it is copper sulphate, nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate all adopt single-action or multiple-effect technique is carried out, need to consume steam to maintain the temperature of evaporating, also need auxiliary construction circulating cooling system simultaneously, the heat of system is shifted out, to maintain the normal operation of system.In current copper electrodeposition, electrolysis industry electrolyte (copper sulphate) solution evaporating and concentrating process, water stream injection pump is all adopted to vacuumize evaporation technology, the steam produced during electrolyte concentration and evaporation is directly transferred in the cooling water outside system by vavuum pump, cooling water is constantly heated by steam, for the temperature maintaining cooling water generally also needs to build a set of circulating cooling system in addition.The steam that in this technique, double evaporation-cooling produces not only is not utilized, and also additionally will build cooling system to maintain system temperature, also additional power consumption simultaneously, there is the shortcoming that energy consumption is high and cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of novel Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition, electrolyte evaporation concentration device, can be used for electrolyte evaporation and concentration, the concentration process energy in the electrolysis of the metals such as comprehensive reutilization copper, zinc, nickel and electro-deposition, can reach reduce copper sulphate, nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate produce in the object of energy consumption and cost.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems:
The present invention includes vapour-recovery unit, evaporating kettle, medium input vapor heat exchanger, vavuum pump, condensed water collecting device, condensing crystallizing groove, medium preheat exchanger, condensate pump, medium output vapor heat exchanger, circulating pump, slush pump, the first motor-driven valve, checkout gear, the second motor-driven valve, the 3rd motor-driven valve, the 4th motor-driven valve and liquid level gauge; The steam outlet on evaporating kettle top is connected to vapour-recovery unit entrance, and vapour-recovery unit outlet is connected to condensed water collecting device respectively and carries out condensation collection after medium input vapor heat exchanger and medium export a wherein road pipeline of vapor heat exchanger; Medium material liquid outlet bottom evaporating kettle inputs through another road pipeline of medium output vapor heat exchanger, circulating pump, medium the medium feed liquid port that another road pipeline of vapor heat exchanger is connected to evaporating kettle successively, and the outlet that medium exports another road pipeline of vapor heat exchanger is connected to condensing crystallizing groove through slush pump; Evaporating kettle is provided with the checkout gear for detecting interior media concentration, condensed water collecting device is connected to medium preheat exchanger through condensate pump and wherein discharges condensed water in a road pipeline, another road line entry input media feed liquid of medium preheat exchanger, its outlet is connected respectively to the entrance of evaporating kettle and circulating pump, and the pipeline between medium preheat exchanger another road tube outlet and evaporating kettle is provided with the 4th motor-driven valve.
Pipeline between described medium preheat exchanger another road tube outlet and entrance of circulating pump is provided with the second motor-driven valve, and the second motor-driven valve is electrically connected with the liquid level gauge that evaporating kettle is installed.
Described circulating pump, evaporating kettle, medium input vapor heat exchanger and medium export between vapor heat exchanger and form circulation line, circulating pump constantly pressurizes to keep medium feed liquid forced flow between evaporating kettle and two heat exchangers to the medium feed liquid in evaporating kettle, realizes the circular flow of evaporation and concentration.
Pipeline between described slush pump and condensing crystallizing groove is provided with the first motor-driven valve, and checkout gear is electrically connected the first motor-driven valve and controls to open and close; When detecting that the arrival of medium feed concentration requires by checkout gear, first motor-driven valve is opened and concentrated for part in evaporating kettle medium feed liquid is outputted to the crystallization of condensing crystallizing groove, the new not concentrated medium feed liquid of input opened by second motor-driven valve simultaneously, to maintain system balancing.
Be provided with pipeline and the second motor-driven valve between described medium preheat exchanger and evaporating kettle, when liquid level gauge detects liquid level lower than normal level, motor-driven valve is opened supplementary new not concentrated medium feed liquid and is entered evaporating kettle, to maintain system balancing.
Described condensed water collecting device connects vavuum pump, is discharged by incoagulable gas by vavuum pump.
The steam that evaporating kettle produces by described vapour-recovery unit is extracted out, and in evaporating kettle, form certain negative pressure, connects the 3rd motor-driven valve in order to supplementary input water vapour.
Described medium input vapor heat exchanger, medium export vapor heat exchanger, the employing of medium preheat exchanger plate type heat exchanger, tubular heat exchanger or coil exchanger, adopt separate unit use or multiple stage connection in series-parallel to use.
In the present invention, concentrated medium to be evaporated enters evaporating kettle after the preheating of condensation water residual heat heat exchanger, the steam of evaporation output reclaims through vapour-recovery unit and send heat exchanger, make while vapour-recovery unit recovered steam to produce certain negative pressure in evaporating kettle, to reduce the boiling point of the medium needing evaporation and concentration.
The outlet at bottom of evaporating kettle arranges evaporation terminal and establishes densimeter (densitometer), to needing the medium of evaporation and concentration to detect, with the detection signal control electrically operated valve of mass flowmenter or densimeter (densitometer), flow-control is carried out to the medium of discharging evaporating kettle.Liquid level gauge is set in evaporating kettle, and controls electrically operated valve with the signal of liquid level gauge thus enter the flow of the medium of evaporating kettle.
Apparatus of the present invention can arrange single board computer, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or DCS further and carry out Automated condtrol to the system process of carrying out.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Because the steam of evaporation output is directly reclaimed the medium needing evaporation and concentration in order to heating by the present invention, heat is recycled utilization, vapour-recovery unit forms certain negative pressure while recovered steam in evaporating kettle, reduces the boiling point of medium, improves evaporation efficiency.Owing to employing vapour-recovery unit, eliminate in traditional concentration and evaporation and need with water with water stream injection pump vacuum evaporation, single-action, multiple-effect evaporation or circulating cooling system be set the problem that steam cools is produced to medium evaporation.Reduce the cost that power consumption liquid reduces complete equipment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is the structure principle chart of apparatus of the present invention.
In figure: vapour-recovery unit 1, evaporating kettle 2, medium input vapor heat exchanger 3, vavuum pump 4, condensed water collecting device 5, condensing crystallizing groove 6, medium preheat exchanger 7, condensate pump 8, medium export vapor heat exchanger 9, circulating pump 10, slush pump 11, first motor-driven valve 12, checkout gear 13, second motor-driven valve 14,3rd motor-driven valve 15,4th motor-driven valve 16, liquid level gauge 17.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes vapour-recovery unit 1, evaporating kettle 2, medium input vapor heat exchanger 3, vavuum pump 4, condensed water collecting device 5, condensing crystallizing groove 6, medium preheat exchanger 7, condensate pump 8, medium output vapor heat exchanger 9, circulating pump 10, slush pump 11, first motor-driven valve 12, checkout gear 13, second motor-driven valve 14, the 3rd motor-driven valve 15, the 4th motor-driven valve 16 and liquid level gauge 17.
The evaporation and concentration energy circulation loop that core of the invention process is evaporating kettle 2, matter input vapor heat exchanger 3, medium exports vapor heat exchanger 9 and circulating pump 10 is formed.The steam produced during self evaporation and concentration heats self medium by equipment again.Achieve recycling of the heat of vapo(u)rization system.
The steam outlet on evaporating kettle 2 top is connected to vapour-recovery unit 1 entrance, and vapour-recovery unit 1 is connected to condensed water collecting device 5 after exporting the wherein road pipeline inputting vapor heat exchanger 3 and medium output vapor heat exchanger 9 through medium respectively and carries out condensation collection; Medium material liquid outlet bottom evaporating kettle 2 inputs through another road pipeline of medium output vapor heat exchanger 9, circulating pump 10, medium the medium feed liquid port that another road pipeline of vapor heat exchanger 3 is connected to evaporating kettle 2 successively, and the outlet that medium exports another road pipeline of vapor heat exchanger 9 is connected to condensing crystallizing groove 6 through slush pump 11; Evaporating kettle 2 is provided with the checkout gear 13 for detecting interior media concentration, condensed water collecting device 5 is connected to medium preheat exchanger 7 through condensate pump 8 and wherein discharges condensed water in a road pipeline, another road line entry input media feed liquid of medium preheat exchanger 7, its outlet is connected respectively to the entrance of evaporating kettle 2 and circulating pump 10, and the pipeline between medium preheat exchanger 7 another road tube outlet and evaporating kettle 2 is provided with the 4th motor-driven valve 16.
Pipeline between medium preheat exchanger 7 another road tube outlet and entrance of circulating pump 10 is provided with the second motor-driven valve 14, second motor-driven valve 14 and is electrically connected with the liquid level gauge 17 that evaporating kettle 2 is installed.
Circulating pump 10, evaporating kettle 2, medium input vapor heat exchanger 3 and medium export between vapor heat exchanger 9 and form circulation line, circulating pump 10 constantly pressurizes to keep medium feed liquid forced flow between evaporating kettle 2 and two heat exchangers to the medium feed liquid in evaporating kettle 2, realizes the circular flow of evaporation and concentration.
Pipeline between slush pump 11 and condensing crystallizing groove 6 is provided with the first motor-driven valve 12, and checkout gear 13 is electrically connected the first motor-driven valve 12 and controls to open and close, medium exports vapor heat exchanger 9 and exports as evaporating kettle concentrate delivery outlet, medium output vapor heat exchanger 9 exports and be connected an arm towards slush pump 11 between circulating pump 10 entrance, slush pump 11 is communicated with condensing crystallizing groove 6, when detecting that the arrival of medium feed concentration requires by checkout gear 13, first motor-driven valve 12 is opened and concentrated for part in evaporating kettle 2 medium feed liquid is outputted to condensing crystallizing groove 6 crystallization, slurries after evaporating kettle evaporation and concentration are delivered to thickener 6 by slush pump 11 to carry out crystallization and concentrates, the new not concentrated medium feed liquid of input opened by second motor-driven valve 14 simultaneously, to maintain systemic circulation balance.
Be provided with pipeline and the second motor-driven valve 14 between medium preheat exchanger 7 and evaporating kettle 2, when liquid level gauge 17 detects liquid level lower than normal level, motor-driven valve 14 is opened supplementary new not concentrated medium feed liquid and is entered evaporating kettle, to maintain system balancing.
Condensed water collecting device 5 connects vavuum pump 4, is discharged by incoagulable gas by vavuum pump 4.
The steam that evaporating kettle 2 produces by vapour-recovery unit 1 is extracted out, and forms certain negative pressure in evaporating kettle 2, connects the 3rd motor-driven valve 15 in order to supplementary input water vapour.
Medium input vapor heat exchanger 3, condensed water collecting device 5, medium preheat exchanger 7 adopt plate type heat exchanger, tubular heat exchanger or coil exchanger, adopt separate unit to use or multiple stage connection in series-parallel use.
In concrete enforcement, checkout gear 13 can adopt densimeter, but is not limited thereto.
Apparatus of the present invention can be manual, also can arrange Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or DCS controls automatically.Need to arrange checkout gear 13 at the evaporation terminal (slush pump delivery outlet) of the medium of evaporation and concentration, checkout gear is mass flowmenter and densimeter (densitometer), according to unlatching or the closedown of flowmeter and densitometric Numerical Control slush pump and output valve.Also by the judgment basis (determine the density of in circulatory system slurries) of the current value of circulating pump as terminal, can determine whether evaporation and concentration reaches requirement simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 1, the specific embodiment of the invention course of work is as follows:
Concentrated medium to be evaporated enters circulating pump 10 after being preheated by preheat exchanger 7, and be transported to medium input vapor heat exchanger 3 in heat, enter evaporating kettle after heating and carry out evaporation and concentration.The steam that evaporating kettle 2 produces by vapour-recovery unit 1 is extracted out, and forms certain negative pressure in evaporating kettle 2.The steam extracted out send medium to input vapor heat exchanger 3 and medium exports vapor heat exchanger 9 recovery use.
The medium feed liquid that medium input vapor heat exchanger 3 pairs of evaporating kettles export heats, and cools the steam that evaporating kettle exports, and its condensed water produced and Low Temperature Steam are transported to condensed water collecting device 5 and collect.Medium input vapor heat exchanger 3 can use plate type heat exchanger, and multiple stage connection in series-parallel uses.
The medium feed liquid that medium exports vapor heat exchanger 9 pairs of evaporating kettles outputs heats, and cools the steam that evaporating kettle exports, and its condensed water produced and Low Temperature Steam are transported to condensed water collecting device 5 and collect.Medium exports vapor heat exchanger 9 available column pipe heat exchanger, and separate unit uses.
Condensed water collecting device 5 trapping medium input vapor heat exchanger 3 of the present invention and medium export the condensed water that vapor heat exchanger 9 produces, because condensed water has certain temperature, condensed water in solidifying water collecting device 5 is delivered in medium preheat exchanger 7 by condensate pump 8 and carries out temperature exchange, in order to preheat medium.Meanwhile, the on-condensible gas in condensed water collecting device 5 is discharged outside system by vavuum pump 4.
Concentrate after evaporating kettle 2 evaporates is output in circulating pump 10, repeat said process, be circulation line between circulating pump and evaporating kettle, heat exchanger, circulating pump constantly pressurizes to keep medium forced flow between evaporating kettle and heat exchanger to medium, realizes the circular flow of evaporation and concentration.Checkout gear (densitometer or flow mass meter) detects the medium in evaporating kettle in the process, as circulation pump when concentration of medium reaches requirement, open slush pump 11 and the medium met the demands exports in condensing crystallizing groove 6 by motor-driven valve 12.
Because medium is constantly input to the input when liquid level gauge 17 detects the liquid level arrival limit value of evaporating kettle, cut out motor-driven valve 14 stopping new medium feed liquid in evaporating kettle 2.
Vapour-recovery unit 1 startup stage and need to carry out the high strength production phase and can open motor-driven valve 15 from external complement steam to meet Production requirement.When needing to start production, motor-driven valve 16 will open the effect reaching fast repairing filling medium.
As can be seen here, the present invention carries out secondary utilization by the steam produced evaporation, reach the remarkable technique effect of electrolyte evaporation and concentration in comprehensive reutilization electrolysis and electro-deposition, the concentration process energy, achieve the object reducing energy consumption and cost in copper sulphate, nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate production.
Claims (8)
1. novel Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition, an electrolyte evaporation concentration device, is characterized in that: comprise vapour-recovery unit (1), evaporating kettle (2), medium input vapor heat exchanger (3), condensed water collecting device (5), condensing crystallizing groove (6), medium preheat exchanger (7), condensate pump (8), medium output vapor heat exchanger (9), circulating pump (10), slush pump (11), checkout gear (13) and liquid level gauge (17); The steam outlet on evaporating kettle (2) top is connected to vapour-recovery unit (1) entrance, and vapour-recovery unit (1) outlet is connected to condensed water collecting device (5) respectively and carries out condensation collection after medium input vapor heat exchanger (3) and medium export a wherein road pipeline of vapor heat exchanger (9);
The medium material liquid outlet of evaporating kettle (2) bottom inputs through medium output vapor heat exchanger (9) another road pipeline, circulating pump (10), medium the medium feed liquid port that vapor heat exchanger (3) another road pipeline is connected to evaporating kettle (2) successively, and the outlet that medium exports vapor heat exchanger (9) another road pipeline is connected to condensing crystallizing groove (6) through slush pump (11); Evaporating kettle (2) is provided with the checkout gear (13) for detecting interior media concentration, condensed water collecting device (5) is connected to medium preheat exchanger (7) through condensate pump (8) and wherein discharges condensed water in a road pipeline, another road line entry input media feed liquid of medium preheat exchanger (7), its outlet is connected respectively to the entrance of evaporating kettle (2) and circulating pump (10), and the pipeline between another road tube outlet of medium preheat exchanger (7) and evaporating kettle (2) is provided with the 4th motor-driven valve (16).
2. the novel Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition of one according to claim 1, electrolyte evaporation concentration device, it is characterized in that: the pipeline between described another road tube outlet of medium preheat exchanger (7) and the entrance of circulating pump (10) is provided with the second motor-driven valve (14), the second motor-driven valve (14) is electrically connected with the upper liquid level gauge (17) installed of evaporating kettle (2).
3. the novel Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition of one according to claim 1, electrolyte evaporation concentration device, it is characterized in that: described circulating pump (10), evaporating kettle (2), medium input vapor heat exchanger (3) and medium export between vapor heat exchanger (9) and form circulation line, circulating pump (10) constantly pressurizes to keep medium feed liquid forced flow between evaporating kettle (2) and two heat exchangers to the medium feed liquid in evaporating kettle (2), realizes the circular flow of evaporation and concentration.
4. the novel Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition of one according to claim 1, electrolyte evaporation concentration device, it is characterized in that: the pipeline between described slush pump (11) and condensing crystallizing groove (6) is provided with the first motor-driven valve (12), checkout gear (13) is electrically connected the first motor-driven valve (12) and controls to open and close; When detecting that the arrival of medium feed concentration requires by checkout gear (13), first motor-driven valve (12) is opened and concentrated for part in evaporating kettle (2) medium feed liquid is outputted to condensing crystallizing groove (6) crystallization, and the new not concentrated medium feed liquid of input opened by the second motor-driven valve (14) simultaneously.
5. the novel Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition of one according to claim 2, electrolyte evaporation concentration device, it is characterized in that: between described medium preheat exchanger (7) and evaporating kettle (2), be provided with pipeline and the second motor-driven valve (14), when liquid level gauge (17) detects liquid level lower than normal level, motor-driven valve (14) is opened supplementary new not concentrated medium feed liquid and is entered evaporating kettle.
6. the novel Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition of one according to claim 1, electrolyte evaporation concentration device, it is characterized in that: described condensed water collecting device (5) connects vavuum pump (4), is discharged by incoagulable gas by vavuum pump (4).
7. the novel Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition of one according to claim 1, electrolyte evaporation concentration device, it is characterized in that: the steam that evaporating kettle 2 produces by described vapour-recovery unit (1) is extracted out, and certain negative pressure is formed in evaporating kettle 2, connect the 3rd motor-driven valve (15) in order to supplementary input water vapour.
8. the novel Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition of one according to claim 1, electrolyte evaporation concentration device, it is characterized in that: described medium input vapor heat exchanger (3), medium export vapor heat exchanger (9), medium preheat exchanger (7) adopts plate type heat exchanger, tubular heat exchanger or coil exchanger, adopt separate unit use or multiple stage connection in series-parallel to use.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610044588.XA CN105477894B (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition, electrolyte evaporation concentration device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610044588.XA CN105477894B (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | Cu, Ni and Co electrodeposition, electrolyte evaporation concentration device |
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| CN105477894A true CN105477894A (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| CN105477894B CN105477894B (en) | 2017-12-15 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107473300A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2017-12-15 | 昆山明宽环保节能科技有限公司 | A kind of high concentration original cutting fluid evaporation concentration equipment and its method for concentration |
| CN116002793A (en) * | 2023-01-04 | 2023-04-25 | 上海第二工业大学 | Vacuum evaporation crystallization system |
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| JPH0857202A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-03-05 | Konica Corp | Heat pump type evaporation-concentration apparatus and treatment method using the apparatus |
| CN102728082A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-10-17 | 朱大春 | Steam evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing system without live steam |
| CN104771916A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-07-15 | 天津市武清区福林化工工贸有限公司 | Evaporation concentrator |
| CN104922974A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-23 | 江西中医药大学 | Extracting liquid concentrating device |
| CN205307835U (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-15 | 江西天鑫冶金装备技术有限公司 | Novel copper nickel cobalt electrodeposition, electrolyte evaporative concentration device |
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2016
- 2016-01-22 CN CN201610044588.XA patent/CN105477894B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0857202A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-03-05 | Konica Corp | Heat pump type evaporation-concentration apparatus and treatment method using the apparatus |
| CN102728082A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-10-17 | 朱大春 | Steam evaporating, concentrating and crystallizing system without live steam |
| CN104771916A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-07-15 | 天津市武清区福林化工工贸有限公司 | Evaporation concentrator |
| CN104922974A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-23 | 江西中医药大学 | Extracting liquid concentrating device |
| CN205307835U (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-15 | 江西天鑫冶金装备技术有限公司 | Novel copper nickel cobalt electrodeposition, electrolyte evaporative concentration device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107473300A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2017-12-15 | 昆山明宽环保节能科技有限公司 | A kind of high concentration original cutting fluid evaporation concentration equipment and its method for concentration |
| CN116002793A (en) * | 2023-01-04 | 2023-04-25 | 上海第二工业大学 | Vacuum evaporation crystallization system |
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| CN105477894B (en) | 2017-12-15 |
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