CN105474496A - Adaptive ac and/or dc power supply - Google Patents

Adaptive ac and/or dc power supply Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105474496A
CN105474496A CN201480039158.8A CN201480039158A CN105474496A CN 105474496 A CN105474496 A CN 105474496A CN 201480039158 A CN201480039158 A CN 201480039158A CN 105474496 A CN105474496 A CN 105474496A
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China
Prior art keywords
voltage
adaptive
power supply
power
adaptive power
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CN201480039158.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈秀聪
许树源
李志群
吴复立
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University of Hong Kong HKU
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University of Hong Kong HKU
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Priority to CN202010944646.0A priority Critical patent/CN112103967A/en
Publication of CN105474496A publication Critical patent/CN105474496A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J11/00—Circuit arrangements for providing service supply to auxiliaries of stations in which electric power is generated, distributed or converted
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1807—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1807—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators
    • H02J3/1814—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators wherein al least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. unified power flow controllers [UPFC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1892—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks the arrangements being an integral part of the load, e.g. a motor, or of its control circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/22—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

Embodiments of an adaptive power supply are disclosed for accommodating instances in which too much power is generated for a load demand and instances in which too little power is generated for a load demand.

Description

Self adaptation AC and/or DC power supply
Technical field
The disclosure relates to the electricity-generating circuit for the electric power system or do not have with regenerative resource, and it can change sometimes in availability.
Background technology
In conventional electric power system, genco can produce electric energy with concentrate and unidirectional mode load centre is powered.Generally speaking, basic " load is followed (loadfollowing) " control method comprise generating follow energy requirement according to layout.Therefore, can adopt generating and electricity needs (such as " load ") between balance to realize stable electricity generation system.But, in view of the use day by day increased of distribution type renewable energy (such as wind energy and solar energy), can occur not concentrating and dynamic electricity generation system.Such as, regenerative resource can be installed by distributed mode, and wherein the physical location of solar energy and/or wind power generation capacity is unknown to Utilities Electric Co..Therefore, particularly consider the wind speed, cloud amount etc. that geographically change, Utilities Electric Co. accurately may can not determine gross generation.Although generating and load can be relaxed by interim energy storage facility (such as the cistern of storage of potential energy) and/or chemical energy storage facility (such as storage battery), these solutions may be problematic.Such as, chemistry storage may spend too high.In another example, the impact that the cistern for potential energy storage may be easily with geographical constraints.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Point out especially and clearly claimed theme required for protection at the latter end of specification.Together with its object, feature and/or advantage, theme required for protection can be better understood by reference to detailed description below when reading together with accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 a shows the control principle drawing of the simplification of the series connection reactive power compensator supported for the output voltage in transmitting according to embodiment.
Fig. 1 b shows the control principle drawing of the simplification of the series connection reactive power compensator as central authorities' light adjusting system based on power inverter circuit according to embodiment.
Fig. 1 c shows the control principle drawing of the simplification of the series connection reactive power compensator as electrical spring (electricspring) according to embodiment.
Fig. 2 shows the single-phase version of the electrical spring based on half-bridge power inverter and low pass inductor-capacitive filter and Undeland buffer circuit according to embodiment.
Fig. 3 a shows the schematic diagram of the single-phase electrical system according to embodiment.
Fig. 3 b shows the schematic diagram comprising the single-phase electrical system of the use of electrical spring circuit according to embodiment.
Fig. 4 shows the single-phase electricity spring for three-phase system according to embodiment.
Fig. 5 shows the three-phase electricity spring according to embodiment.
Fig. 6 shows the adaptive power supply for single phase system according to embodiment.
Fig. 7 shows the adaptive power supply for three-phase system according to embodiment.
Fig. 8 shows according to the electrical spring on the high-voltage side being arranged on step-down (step-down) transformer of embodiment.
Fig. 9 shows another adaptive power supply according to embodiment.
Figure 10 shows the self adaptation DC power supply according to embodiment.
Figure 11 shows the self adaptation DC power supply setting up standard power outlet according to embodiment.
Figure 12 shows self adaptation AC and/or the DC power supply of the part of the formation power infrastructure according to embodiment.
Figure 13 shows the DC bus power source according to embodiment.
Figure 14 shows the setting of the following power supply according to embodiment.
Figure 15 shows the addressable mechanism for being changed input voltage reference by outer body (such as Utilities Electric Co. and authorities) according to embodiment.
Made reference to the accompanying drawing defining its part in the following detailed description, numeral same in the accompanying drawings can specify same part from start to finish, to indicate corresponding or similar key element.In order to illustrate simple and/or clear for the purpose of, key element illustrated in the accompanying drawings might not be drawn in proportion.Such as, for the sake of clarity, the size of some key elements can be exaggerated relative to other key elements.Further, it should be understood that when not departing from the scope of claimed theme, change that is that other embodiments can be utilized and can make structure and/or logic.It should be noted equally, direction and with reference to (such as such as upper and lower, top, bottom, on, above etc.) can be used for being convenient to the discussion of accompanying drawing and the application of intention restriction claimed subject.Therefore, detailed description below is not carried out with restrictive, sense and the scope intention of claimed subject is limited by claims and equivalents thereof.
Embodiment
In the following detailed description, the thorough understanding to claimed subject is provided many details to provide.But, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that theme required for protection can be put into practice when not having these details.In other instances, those of ordinary skill in the art known method, device or system is not yet described in detail in order to avoid make theme required for protection hard to understand.
In at least one execution mode that can mean can be included in claimed subject in conjunction with specific feature, structure or the characteristic described by particular implementation or embodiment throughout the reference of this specification to an execution mode, execution mode, an embodiment, embodiment etc. or embodiment.Therefore, such phrase might not be intended to refer to identical execution mode or any one described particular implementation throughout the appearance of this specification in each place.In addition, it being understood that described special characteristic, structure or characteristic can be combined in every way in one or more execution mode.Generally speaking, these and other problems can change along with specific situation certainly.Therefore, the helpful guidance about the inference will proposed for this particular context can be provided to the description of these terms or the particular context of use.
Similarly, as used herein, the term " with ", "and/or" and "or" can comprise various implication, it will depend on the situation that these terms use again at least in part.Typically, if be used to linked list (such as A, B or C), "and/or" and "or" mean A, B or C(and use with exclusiveness meaning here) and A, B and C.In addition, term as used herein " one or more " can be used for describing according to the arbitrary characteristics of odd number, structure or characteristic or can be used for some combinations of Expressive Features, structure or characteristic.
Embodiment can comprise the electric power management method of various Demand-side.Management (or sometimes referred to as demand response) [1], [2] that literature review for 2005 to 2012 years periods shows Demand-side (such as load) can be broadly summarized as:
The arrangement [3-5] of electricity needs task is allowed in time delay
Alleviate the use [6] of the stored energy of spike demand
Real-Time Pricing [7-9]
The direct load control of intelligent load or Open-Close operation [10-12]
Although the method identified above can have specific advantages, at least some method may be subject to the impact of some restriction.Such as, although in advance according to sky or even little time arrange electricity needs may be actual, to realtime power fluctuation response may be more problematic.In addition, although energy storage can show one or more relatively favourable solution, the use of storage battery may be relatively costly.In addition, the use (water is pushed upwardly for becoming electric energy from potential energy converting and energy later in cistern) of such as cistern, such solution may be actual and be not-so-practical in lowered zones in mountain area.In other instances, such as, Real-Time Pricing may be relative efficiency for the electricity needs of the responsive a large amount of consumers that control price, but may be not suitable for common family consumer.
In some environments, Utilities Electric Co. can adopt direct load to control to break away from (shed) electrical load to avoid power system collapse.But such centralized control strategy is not for may being effective for following electrical network, and the input side place that this following electrical network can be included in distribution network provides the relative distribution of electric energy and intermittently available regenerative resource.Although proposed the Open-Close operation of electric loading (such as water heater and air-conditioning), such method may be excessively invasive and cause suitable inconvenience to consumer.Nearest work (being such as used for center to Distributed Area and Region control for data center) based on the wide area measurement result to the horizontal real-time tracing of node voltage is examined.Such real-time tracing of node voltage level is normally based on information and communication technology (ICT) (ITC), and such as radio communication, satellite synchronization and the Internet/intranet control.In some instances, this method may be effective in normal operation condition, but in emergency circumstances or in unfavorable atmospheric conditions (such as strong solar windstorm) period may more be difficult to carry out when wireless communication system loses efficacy at weather.In other instances, such as, due to the hacker's behavior to server involved by report node voltage levvl, the use of the Internet infrastructure also may be unacceptable.
Innovation nearest in load response can relevant with the development of " electrical spring " [13], [14].Electrical spring can comprise the circuit for the power controller based on power electronic, and this power controller adopts " input voltage control " for the service voltage regulating electric power system.In this specific situation, it should be understood that the use that term demand intention refers to electronic load and term demand from start to finish should be explained in the mode consistent with such understanding.Similarly, term control intention refers to and controls at least in part and/or at least can partly regulate.Moreover the use that term controls from start to finish should be explained in the mode consistent with such understanding.Similarly, term "based" (such as X be " based on " Y or X can " based on " description of Y) intention shows that X is at least in part based on Y or can at least in part based on Y; But, also can there are other factors or consideration that may not necessarily clearly give expression to.Moreover the use of term "based" should be explained in the mode consistent with such understanding from start to finish.
Because power inverter circuit is usually used in, in electric power system application, determining that the difference between input and output control method can be useful.Such as, Fig. 1 a shows the (V supported for the output voltage in transmitting oregulate) control principle drawing of the simplification of series connection reactive power compensator, and Fig. 1 b shows the (V as central authorities' light adjusting system based on power inversion circuit oregulate) control principle drawing of the simplification of series connection reactive power compensator.In fig 1 and 2, the direction that active power (such as electric current) flows is highlighted.In fig 1 and 2, output (V o) refer to the outbound course of poower flow.
Fig. 1 c shows the (V as electrical spring sregulate) control principle drawing of the simplification of series connection reactive power compensator.Be different from example illustrated in Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b, electrical spring adopts input voltage to control, wherein input (V s) refer to the input of active power stream.Such as, input power end can refer to power main (such as bus).
In a particular embodiment, electrical spring comprise switch mode power inverter, low pass filter and for regulate input AC voltage (node voltage of normally local AC main line) input voltage control.Figure 2 illustrates the single-phase version of the electrical spring based on half-bridge power inverter and low pass inductor-capacitive filter and Undeland buffer circuit.In principle, circuit (circuit of such as Fig. 2) can adapt to meritorious and reactive power, therefore gives the ability that circuit contributes voltage and frequency stability at least in theory in electric power system.In certain embodiments, half-bridge, full-bridge and multiple power levels inverter can form one or more electrical spring circuit.In addition, practice has proved that the use of electrical spring can allow loading demand follow intermittent electric power [14] and also enable the reduction of energy storage requirement aspect in electric power system realize [15].Along with the combination of droop control [16], electrical spring can be distributed on distributed stability support electrical network provided to electrical network.
In an embodiment, the use of one or more electrical spring is present in " Demand-side ".Such as, electrical spring can be associated with non-critical loads, and this non-critical loads can be characterized as being can the electric loading of certain change of permissible feed voltage.Electrical spring can be embedded in electrical equipment (such as electric heater and/or refrigerator) that formed can to the intelligent load of supply self adaptation of fluctuation.In an embodiment, we describe the concept of the improvement of the electrical spring on " mains side " and extension and formed " intelligent power " in conjunction with electrical spring concept.Be different from some execution modes of the electrical spring only can taking such as " input voltage control ", the intelligent power of improvement can adopt " input voltage and/or output voltage " to control.In addition, such as, electrical spring can be considered to be associated with power supply, and this is associated relative to electric loading.
Embodiment can relate to the electric power system infrastructure for AC or DC power supply, and this AC or DC power supply can form one and multiple adaptive power supply in conjunction with electrical spring.One or more execution mode can describe with the form of AC power supplies.Subsequently, the self adaptation DC power supply based on one or more similar principles is described.
Fig. 3 a shows the schematic diagram of single-phase electrical system.But, it should be noted that, although the Transformer symbol used in fig. 3 a can show single phase system, can multi-phase power system be adopted in an embodiment, such as such as three-phase electrical power system.For simplicity, single phase system is only for illustration of property object, and theme required for protection is not limited on this aspect.In fig. 3 a, terminal " L " can refer to " charged (live) " terminal and N can refer to neutral terminal.Standard A C main line, chargedly can refer to phase voltage to neutral voltage, its electric power system for about 50.0Hz can electric power system typically in the scope of 220.0V-240.0V and for about 60Hz can typically in the scope of 100.0V-110.0V.In many countries, Utilities Electric Co. can regulate AC rail voltage in the tight tolerance of certain percentage (such as in the +/-6% of Hong Kong nominal AC rail voltage).Tolerance limit for standard A C main line is noted as X% in figure 3.
As shown in figure 3b, embodiment can comprise use electrical spring circuit, and this electrical spring circuit can at least partly based on the power inverter of AC to the AC exported for AC voltage, and can be used for forming self adaptation AC power supplies." charged " terminal of self adaptation AC power supplies is called L adapt.
For single phase system, electrical spring can comprise half-bridge power inverter circuit shown in Figure 4.In other embodiments, the power inverter (such as such as multiple power levels inverter) of full bridge power inverter or other types can be used.The output voltage of power inverter can be sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, and low pass filter can be used to carry out filtering to generate controlled sinusoidal voltage as electrical spring voltage to this sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) signal.The power inverter of electrical spring can adapt to reactive power and/or actual power.The DC of power inverter supports (DClink) capacitor can provide storage power, and it can be provided for the reactive power compensation such as raising joint joint point voltage at AC main line.For Reactive Power Control, the current phasor flowed in the load of adaptive power supply can at least approximately perpendicular to the voltage vector of electrical spring.Use the example of the control method of the electrical spring for voltage-regulation of pure Reactive Power Control can be described in [13]-[16].
If actual power and Reactive Power Control are confirmed as being favourable, DC power source (such as storage battery) such as can be connected in parallel with one or more capacitor or can be used for overall replacing capacitor.Discuss for power source in [13].In this example, such as, the current phasor of load in adaptive power supply can not approximately perpendicular to the voltage vector of electrical spring.The operator scheme of such electrical spring of actual power and Reactive Power Control is utilized to be reported in [17] by inventor.
For three-phase system, such as, single-phase electricity spring (all as shown in Figure 4) may be used for one or more phase.In an embodiment, such as, single-phase electricity spring can be used to each phase of three-phase system.Figure 5 illustrates the embodiment of three-phase electricity spring circuit.There is the elementary cell that the three-phase power inverter of DC Link capacitors and/or meritorious DC voltage source (such as storage battery) and low pass filter define (comprising inductor and capacitor) three-phase electricity spring circuit.By having the armature winding of the three-phase transformer X-Y-Z of terminal X1, Y1 and Z1, the electrical spring voltage through filtering can be coupled to three secondary winding with terminal X2, Y2 and Z2.Therefore lead-out terminal XX, YY and ZZ can form the three-phase line voltage lead-out terminal of three-phase adaptive power supply.The load of Y-connection and the load of triangle joint all can be connected to (such as such as shown in Fig. 5) three-phase adaptive power supply.It should be noted that three-phase transformer also can be replaced by such as three single-phase transformers, those supposing shown in the connection of three single-phase transformers and Fig. 5 are equivalences or at least similar.
Adaptive power supply at least in part based on electrical spring concept is not limited to such as low voltage distribution network, and can be applied to middle voltage and high-voltage power network at least in principle.For middle voltage and high voltage applications, such as, at least part of of the secondary power inverter shown in Fig. 5 can such as be replaced for the multiple power levels inverter of (under such as higher rated voltage) under more high voltage.
Fig. 6 illustrates the adaptive power supply for single phase system according to embodiment.Electrical spring and input and output control ring are implemented on the low voltage side of distribution line.Similar principle can be applied to three-phase electrical power system as shown in Figure 7.If be ready, electrical spring can be installed on the high-voltage side of step-down transformer as shown in Figure 8.
Embodiment is at least different from the former concept of the electrical spring of report in [13]-[16] in three.
No matter loadtype how, and electrical spring circuit can (part as power infrastructure) be incorporated in mains side.In previous report, electrical spring can be the independent circuits of power supply outside and/or be embedded in electrical equipment.
Adaptive power supply can adopt input voltage to control and (traditional sense adjustment criteria AC rail voltage and reduction frequency instability for the electrical spring according to the middle report in [13]-[16]) both incoming frequency control.As output voltage control illustrated in Fig. 3 b (for the minimum and maximum magnitude of voltage of limiting adaptive AC rail voltage and to control according to input voltage and incoming frequency controls to allow output AC voltage to change within maximum voltage level and minimum voltage level).
The use of meritorious DC power source (such as storage battery) can make voltage control loop and frequency control loop can be included in adaptive power supply system as shown in Figure 9.
As shown in the embodiment in fig. 9, such as, can there are four major control blocks in the control scheme.Controll block 1 can perform the adaptive voltage scaling function controlled based on incoming frequency.Controll block 2 can perform the adaptive voltage scaling function controlled based on input voltage.Controll block 3 can perform at least in part based on the reactive power compensation function that input power angle of displacement controls.Controll block 4 can perform at least in part based on the overcurrent protection function of output electric current measure.
In an embodiment, controll block 1 can comprise examinations input voltage V sfrequency f sthe circuit of method or other devices.The frequency detected can with the expected frequency f for input voltage s(preset)compare.Poor E between these two frequencies fspass through factor K fconvergent-divergent and be then passed through limiter and be imported in adder Sum.In controll block 2, take RMS value (the such as V detecting input voltage s, rms) circuit or method.The RMS voltage detected and the RMS voltage V presetting and/or expect s, rms(preset)compare.The poor E of these two voltages vS, rmsfactor K can be passed through vconvergent-divergent and be passed through limiter and be imported in the adder being labeled as " Sum ".At adder " Sum " place, from controll block 1 and controll block 2 signal can with the desired reference value V of output voltage o(preset)phase Calais provides V o(preset)the self adaptation output voltage reference value of ± Δ V.The output of Sum can be passed through such as limiter, and they can such as by one or more limits of output voltage reference point | V oref| be set to be not less than V minand be not more than V max, make V min≤ | V oref|≤V max.V maxand V minvalue can be set up and/or can be programmable.Controll block 1 and 2 can perform such as automatic load and break away from or the function of the growth of load (boosting).As the f detected scompare f s(preset)gao Shi, this can show that such as electrical bus (such as bus) is underload, and output voltage is with reference to being adjusted to higher value adaptively to make at L adaptthe output voltage of place through regulating is higher.In certain embodiments, for passive load, higher L adaptthe larger power drawn from main line can be caused.This is for than f s(preset)low f scan be contrary establishment.Meanwhile, as the V detected s, rmscompare V s, rms(preset)gao Shi, this also can represent that electrical bus is underload, and output voltage is with reference to being adjusted to higher value adaptively to make at L adaptthe output voltage of place through regulating is higher, and vice versa.
Such as, by detecting input voltage V s(LF)with input current I s(LF)between angle of displacement, can controll block 3 place perform reactive power compensation.Such as, input voltage V swith input current I scan be passed through low pass filter to keep their fundamental component (such as V s(LF)and I s(LF)).Signal can pass through phase angle testing circuit/method to obtain phase angle displacement ± θ.The positive-angle of+θ can represent that input current just leads over input voltage, and this can be equivalent to or at least be similar to the behavior shown by condenser network.Negative angle (-θ) such as can show that input current may lag behind input voltage, and such as this can show the behavior similar with the behavior of inductive circuit.
θ subsequently can with the angle of displacement θ expected (preset)compare, both poor E θcan be passed before being fed in phase-delay network, through compensator and/or limiter, sinusoidal signal sin2 π ft be changed into sin(2 π ft+ θ com).By changing angle θ com, different reactive power compensations can be performed.For power factor correction, the phase angle expected is set to θ (preset)=0.When+θ, θ comto be negative value, this should cause electrical spring generation to create the voltage that electric inductance power carrys out the capacity effect of compensating load.When-θ, θ comcan be on the occasion of, this should cause electrical spring to generate creating Capacitance Power carrying out the voltage of the inductive effect of compensating load.
The corresponding input voltage V of the sinusoidal signal changed with sin2 π ft sfrequency of oscillation and its use V s(LF)obtained by frequency synchronisation circuit.Can with from adder/limiter (Sum/Limiter) output (such as comprise signal | V oref|) modulation comprise signal sin(2 π ft+ θ com) the output of phase-delay network.This can provide V orefinstantaneous output voltage reference, it may be used for L adaptthe self adaptation output voltage V at place oreal-time control.Voltage Feedback is controlled, V ocan with V orefcompare, both difference can be compensated and be limited before being delivered in gated mode maker for the one or more switching action controlling electrical spring.
In controll block 4, at least in some embodiments, such as, load current I ocan be sensed and allow electric current I with through the maximum of comparator o(lim)value compare.Such as, if there is overcurrent or short circuit to make I in output loading place o> I o(lim), responsively, comparator can trigger the high signal of output and carry out reset flip-flop, thus closes gated mode maker.Reset can restart electrical spring.
Three differences are had at least between the embodiment of standard A C main line and self adaptation AC main line:
Conventional AC main line often adopts the tight tolerance of X% for voltage fluctuation.But self adaptation AC main line can show can having the output voltage be conditioned in the more tolerant limit of the maximum (+n% of nominal value) and the minimum value (-m% of nominal value).
Standard A C main line can be regulated by Utilities Electric Co. and meet commitment in tight tolerance, keep good stabilized voltage power supply.But, when use adaptive power supply time, can in wider voltage regulation output voltage with for be just supplied electric power load change load power consumption.
Embodiment for electrical spring no longer includes the needs carrying out distinguishing between critical loads and non-critical loads.Adaptive power supply can be based on electrical spring technology, and this electrical spring technology is the part of power infrastructure now.If load can adapt to the voltage of the change in the maximum voltage level and minimum voltage level of adaptive power supply, variable and/or constant electrical load can be connected to adaptive power supply.
In essence, by the embodiment of adaptive power supply, the interval character of renewable energy output can be changed by loading demand mates.This can allow to balance energy output by loading demand.If reach such power-balance, the voltage of reference power supply can be adjusted to nominal value.
If in the gross generation of a moment lower than loading demand, the power consumption of electric loading that the voltage of adaptive power supply can dynamically be reduced to reduce (except those loads of constant power type).If energy output is less than loading demand, make the voltage of adaptive power supply reach its minimum value, some bearing powers can come from the energy storage device (such as storage battery) of adaptive power supply via the power inverter of electrical spring.Control by using input voltage to regulate AC rail voltage (voltage of such as reference power supply), the voltage of adaptive power supply can change by this way: use the total power consumption of the load of adaptive power supply to change to reach the power-balance between supplied power and power loading.
If energy output at any time is all greater than loading demand, adaptive power supply can increase voltage by this way: total power consumption can increase to balance energy output or at least to reduce the imbalance of energy output.When reaching the maximum of adaptive supply voltage level, extra energy output can be divided in storage battery for storing.By this way, the balance between energy output and loading demand can still be maintained.
The embodiment of self adaptation AC power supplies can expand to as shown in Figure 10 for the self adaptation DC power supply of DC electric loading.Be similar to AC corresponding part, DC voltage exports has the minimum and maximum level that can be set up and programme.Such as, for the nominal DC voltage of about 48.0V, maximum horizontal can be can be m% lower than about 48V than about 48V height n% and minimum level.DC voltage change can be controlled by this way: DC load power consumption will balance the imbalance of energy output and loading demand or reduction energy output and loading demand.Self adaptation DC power supply can be set up standard power as shown in Figure 11 and be exported.
The embodiment of such as self adaptation AC and/or DC power supply can form the part of voltage infrastructure as shown in Figure 12.AC and the DC power source be fed to by standard A C main line can adapt to the interval character of the following electrical network of the high-penetrability with the regenerative resource dynamically changed.Embodiment provides the adaptive power supply infrastructure that can meet and control example, and in control example, loading demand follows energy output---and this can be desirable for following intelligent grid.Figure 13 illustrates at least in part based on the reference power supply of specific embodiment and the single-phase example of adaptive power supply.The electrical spring circuit with actual power consumption typically needs to install DC energy storage system, such as battery stores system.Use specific embodiment, battery stores system can be replaced by DC bus power source alternatively, as shown in Figure 13.
Figure 14 illustrates one embodiment of the present of invention of the setting about following power supply.It illustrates self adaptation AC power supplies and can stem from standard A C main linely connected power sup ply.It also demonstrates self adaptation high voltage DC power supply and LVPS also can stem from same standard AC main linely connected power sup ply.
Description supposition electrical spring up to now based on the adaptive power supply of the use of electrical spring operates as individual cell always.But, it should be noted, droop control also can be attached in input voltage control ring to make these electrical springs that adaptive voltage source can be helped to regulate rail voltage in a coordinated fashion by these electrical springs---as described in patent application [16].
In addition, what propose is to provide a kind of addressable mechanism and can controls with reference to rail voltage in the control ring of electrical spring to make Utilities Electric Co. or authorities, to provide new mechanism to the rail voltage level in the different piece controlling electrical network.The rail voltage that voltage control enables Utilities Electric Co. control in the different piece of electrical network for various purposes.Example changes voltage levvl to reduce current flowing unnecessary in distribution network, to reduce conduction loss.Illustrate this addressable mechanism for being changed input voltage reference by outer body (such as Utilities Electric Co. or authorities) in fig .15.The Voltage Reference provided by outer body can be transmitted by wired or wireless mechanism.
In addition, a kind of load with output signal that is to provide also proposed arranges controlling mechanism and automatically controls with the amount of power making electricity consumer and it can be used for using in their intelligent electric appliance or intelligent load.Illustrate this mechanism that can adopt alternatively in adaptive power supply for directly changing bearing power in fig .15.This controlling mechanism detect incoming frequency and voltage levvl and determine electrical network be overload or underload.It provide output signal R set, it comprises the information about loading level available in electrical network.Following intelligent electric appliance can be designed to based on by R setthe information provided is to adjust its power consumption.Exemplarily, load arranges and controls integratedly with the adaptive power supply with ground connection to form four pin supply sockets and export, as shown in Figure 13.Like this integrated extends to all adaptive power supplies.
Be similar to Fig. 9, in control program in fig .15, there are four major control blocks.Here, introduce optional load and controll block is set for performing bearing power control in intelligent electric appliance.The override (override) of Voltage Reference controls to be included in controll block 1 and controll block 2.Controll block 1 performs the adaptive voltage scaling function controlled based on incoming frequency.Controll block 2 performs the adaptive voltage scaling function controlled based on input voltage level.Controll block 3 performs the reactive power compensation function controlled based on input power angle of displacement.Controll block 4 performs the overcurrent protection function based on output electric current measure.
In controll block 1, take and detect input voltage V sfrequency f scircuit or method.The frequency detected can with the reference frequency f for input voltage srefcompare.Poor E between these two frequencies fspass through factor K fconvergent-divergent and be then passed through limiter and be imported in adder Sum.Here, this reference frequency f srefthe expected frequency f of internal preset typically s(preset), it is the default frequency of electrical network.Wish to change transmission frequency if include override function to make power office, it can pass through "True" signal and new expected frequency reference f s(ext)be fed to override block to have come, then this override block will take f srefas f s(ext).
In controll block 2, take RMS value (the such as V detecting input voltage s, rms) circuit or method.The RMS voltage detected and reference RMS voltage V s, refcompare.The poor E of these two voltages vS, rmspass through factor K vconvergent-divergent, is then passed through limiter and is imported in adder Sum.Here, this reference RMS voltage V s, refthe expectation RMS voltage V of internal preset typically s(preset), it is the default frequency of electrical network.If include override function to wish to change transmission voltage to make power office, it can pass through "True" signal and new expectation RMS Voltage Reference V s(ext)be fed to override block to have come, then this override block will take V srefas V s(ext).
Arrange in controll block in load, frequency error E fswith RMS voltage error E vS.rmsboth are respectively by factor K yand K xconvergent-divergent and be then passed through limiter and be imported in adder.Output is signal ± Δ Ρ, and it corresponds to the shortage of grid generation amount on the occasion of the surplus and negative value that correspond to grid generation amount.± Δ Ρ is fed to quantizer, and this quantizer general ± Δ Ρ changes into the output signal R of centrifugal pump (such as in the scope of-2 ,-1,0,1,2) set, this centrifugal pump has implicit implication to the intelligent electric appliance being connected to power supply.Such as, R set=-2 can show that intelligent electric appliance operates under its lowest power because there is the shortage of energy output.R set=-1 means that the lower-wattage of intelligent electric appliance operates.R set=0 means normal running.R set=1 means higher-wattage operation and R set=2 mean operate this electrical equipment under maximum powers.
In the foregoing written description, the various aspects of claimed subject have been described.For illustrative purposes, the concrete numeral of statement, system or configuration provide the thorough understanding to claimed subject.But, should being apparent that the those skilled in the art benefited from the disclosure, can putting into practice theme required for protection when there is no detail.In other instances, known feature is omitted or simplifies in order to avoid make theme required for protection hard to understand.Although illustrated in this article or described some feature, many amendments, replacement, change or equivalent way will occur to those skilled in the art now.Therefore, it being understood that claims intention covers all this amendment or change fallen in the spirit of claimed subject.
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Claims (22)

1. an adaptive power supply, it comprises the electrical spring adopting input voltage and/or output voltage control.
2. adaptive power supply according to claim 1, wherein said electrical spring comprises power inverter.
3. adaptive power supply according to claim 2, wherein said power inverter is half-bridge power inverter, full bridge power inverter or multiple power levels inverter.
4. adaptive power supply according to claim 2, wherein said power inverter can generate sinusoidal pulse width modulation signal.
5. adaptive power supply according to claim 1, wherein said electrical spring is the single-phase electricity spring for one or more phase.
6. adaptive power supply according to claim 1, wherein said electrical spring is three-phase electricity spring.
7. adaptive power supply according to claim 6, wherein said three-phase electricity spring comprises three-phase power inverter, and described three-phase power inverter comprises:
One or more DC support capacitor;
For receiving the input of DC voltage; And
Low pass filter.
8. adaptive power supply according to claim 6, wherein said three-phase electricity spring can adapt to the load of one or more DC connection or the load of one or more AC connection.
9. adaptive power supply according to claim 1; comprise adaptive voltage scaling device further; described adaptive voltage scaling device comprises input control device and output-controlling device; wherein said input control device may be used for adaptive voltage scaling and reactive power compensation, and described output-controlling device may be used for overcurrent protection.
10. adaptive power supply according to claim 9, wherein said input control device is addressable, to control rail voltage level by external reference, described external reference is transmitted by wired or wireless device.
11. adaptive power supplies according to claim 9, wherein said input control device can detect the phase angle displacement between input voltage and input current.
12. adaptive power supplies according to claim 11, if wherein described phase angle displacement is positive phase angle displacement, then described electrical spring produces voltage via electric inductance power at least in part, so that the capacity effect of compensating load at least in part.
13. adaptive power supplies according to claim 11, if wherein described phase angle displacement is negative phase angle displacement, then described electrical spring produces voltage via Capacitance Power at least in part, so that the inductive effect of compensating load at least in part.
14. adaptive power supplies according to claim 9, wherein said input control device comprises the controll block for controlling to perform adaptive voltage scaling at least in part based on incoming frequency.
15. adaptive power supplies according to claim 9, wherein said input control device comprises the controll block for controlling to perform adaptive voltage scaling based on input voltage.
16. adaptive power supplies according to claim 9, wherein said input control device comprises the controll block for controlling to perform reactive power compensation at least in part based on input power angle of displacement.
17. adaptive power supplies according to claim 9, wherein said input control device comprise at least in part based on electrical equipment bearing power compensate perform the controll block that load arranges control.
18. adaptive power supplies according to claim 9, wherein said output-controlling device comprises the controll block for performing overcurrent protection at least in part based on output electric current measure.
19. adaptive power supplies according to claim 1, if be wherein greater than loading demand at the energy output of a moment, then increase the voltage of adaptive power supply to reduce the imbalance between energy output and load.
20. adaptive power supplies according to claim 1, if be wherein greater than loading demand at the energy output of a moment, are then diverted to one or more chemical storage facilities by a part for energy output.
21. 1 kinds of devices comprising the adaptive power supply according to any one in claim 1-20.
22. according to device described in claim 21, and wherein said adaptive power supply is self adaptation AC power supplies or self adaptation DC power supply.
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