CN105473885B

CN105473885B - Freewheel

Info

Publication number: CN105473885B
Application number: CN201480045228.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·克罗尔; P·拉施; B·施托贝尔
Original assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Current assignee: Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority date: 2013-08-15
Filing date: 2014-07-25
Publication date: 2017-11-14
Anticipated expiration: 2034-07-25
Also published as: KR20160043019A; CN105473885A; DE102014214628A1; WO2015021974A1; DE112014003734A5; KR102254347B1; JP2016528455A

Abstract

Freewheel, for locking or torque transmission is interrupted, particularly for optionally motor is switched in the power train of motor vehicle, is provided with：First ring, for importing and/or exporting torque；Relative to the second ring of the first ring roughly coaxial arrangement, for exporting and/or importing torque；And at least two blocking elements that can be swung between locked position of coupler and neutral, wherein, blocking element makes the first ring and the second ring locking so as to torque transmission in locked position of coupler, and allow the first ring in neutral relative to the relative rotation of the second ring to interrupt torque transmission, wherein, manufacturing tolerance t between blocking element and the second ring in locked position of coupler be present, the second ring can be moved relative to the first ring in sagittal plane with position of related features T, and position of related features T is more than manufacturing tolerance t.Because the second ring can be by its position mobile phase in sagittal plane for blocking element automatic centering rather than relative to the first ring automatic centering, manufacturing tolerance t between blocking element and the second ring can be compensated, so that when transmitting torque, all blocking elements substantially comparably load in locked position of coupler, so as to which freewheel can have high service life in the case of transfer high torque.

Description

Freewheel

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of freewheel, optionally allows by the freewheel or interrupts torque transmission, such as For motor to be optionally switched to the power train of motor vehicle.

Background technology

The known ratchet freewheel 10 shown in Fig. 1 have inner ring 12 and relative to the coaxial arrangement of inner ring 12, can The outer shroud 14 of relative torsion.Inner ring 12 has multiple reception bags 16, be configured as Lock pawl blocking element 18 distinguish it is swingable Ground is inserted into each reception bag so that blocking element 18 can be swung between shown locked position of coupler and a neutral, at this In locked position of coupler, it is coupled to along blocking element 18 during the relative rotation of the first circumferential direction in the latch groove 20 of outer shroud 14, In the neutral, when being relatively rotated along second circumferential direction opposite with the first circumferential direction, blocking element 18 overcomes branch The spring force of support spring 22 is separated from the latch groove 20 of outer shroud 14.In the illustrated embodiment, it is additionally provided with Second blocking element 24, second blocking element can be swung between a locked position of coupler and shown neutral, in the locking In position, when being relatively rotated along the second circumferential direction, the second blocking element 24 is coupled in the latch groove 20 of outer shroud 14, In the neutral, when being relatively rotated along the first circumferential direction the second blocking element 24 overcome the spring force of support spring 22 from Separated in the latch groove 20 of outer shroud 14.By can relative to inner ring 12 reverse switching cage 26 locking or can be forced Element 18 overcomes the spring force of support spring 22 to enter in its neutral or force the second blocking element 24 to overcome support The spring force of spring 22 is entered in its neutral.

In the presence of lasting needs：High torque, the service life without influenceing the freewheel can be transmitted by freewheel.

The content of the invention

The object of the present invention is to propose measure, it is high that realization enables freewheel to have in the case of transfer high torque Service life.

The solution of the purpose is according to the present invention by the freewheel of the feature with claim 1 and with right It is required that 8 it is feature, realize for making the method for freewheel centering.Currently preferred configuration is given in the dependent claims Go out, dependent claims are able to single-row ground or are formed in combination one aspect of the present invention.

According to the present invention, a kind of freewheel, for locking or torque transmission is interrupted, particularly for optionally by motor It is switched in the power train of motor vehicle, is provided with：First ring, for importing and/or exporting torque；With respect to first ring roughly Second ring of coaxial arrangement, for exporting and/or importing torque；And it can be swung at least between locked position of coupler and neutral Two blocking elements, wherein, the blocking element is in locked position of coupler by first ring and the second ring locking to turn Square transmission, and allow the relative rotation of relatively described second ring of first ring in neutral to interrupt torque transmission, Wherein, manufacturing tolerance t, also, second ring between the blocking element and second ring in locked position of coupler be present It can be moved relative to first ring in sagittal plane with position of related features T, wherein, position of related features T is more than the manufacturing tolerance t。

When torque as big as possible is transmitted between the first ring and the second ring, power flows through usual by just what a blocking element Not enough.Blocking element can the clamping and with pressure-loaded between the first ring and the second ring in locked position of coupler so that in total power In the case that stream is only via an independent blocking element operation, blocking element may be plastically deformed or even fracture.It is in addition, aobvious Thus the cross force of work is applied on the support of freewheel.When to transmit torque as big as possible, then to ensure, as far as possible Worked in more blocking elements while the power stream between the first ring and the second ring to transmit torque.However, it was found that due to system Tolerance is made, different blocking elements are in relative angular position under similar circumstances in locked position of coupler in radial directions from the first ring The scope of middle stretching may be different so that may occur in principle：One blocking element is first plastically deformed until another in operation One blocking element works.Thus the service life and/or transferable torque capacity that freewheel can be made significantly decrease.Closing The manufacturing tolerance t drawn in lock position between blocking element and the second ring can especially include：For swingably supporting locking The position of related features of the reception bag being arranged in the first ring of element, the manufacturing tolerance when receiving bag forming, blocking element are connecing Position of related features in closing bag, the manufacturing tolerance of the blocking element especially for the length of blocking element, it is arranged in the second ring Latch groove position of related features and the manufacturing tolerance when latch groove is molded.Therefore, between blocking element and the second ring Manufacturing tolerance t be longer tolerance chain result so that the raising of tolerance can cause the manufacturing cost of freewheel notable Improve on ground.

In the freewheel according to the present invention, the second ring is relative to the inaccurately centering of the first ring.It the substitute is, have Consciousness ground simply roughly makes the second ring relative to the first ring centering, wherein, in the pivot center extension perpendicular to freewheel In sagittal plane, the second ring exceedes between blocking element and the second ring relative to the position of related features T of the relative position of the first ring Manufacturing tolerance t.In the locked position of coupler of blocking element, the second eye first only abuts in a blocking element with determining by tolerance On.When torque is directed in freewheel, the first ring and the second ring first attempt to reverse relative to each other.Here, the second ring can It is supported on the blocking element contacted with second ring and thus eccentric relative to the center of rotation of the first ring around one The center of rotation of displacement is reversed until the second ring contacts with another blocking element.Support on blocking element need not be forcibly Rigid, but can for example by the elastic deformation of blocking element and/or by locked position of coupler on blocking element phase Gap for the relative angular position of the first ring slightly elastically configuration.Thus, the second ring with the second blocking element Reversed again around one relative to the center of rotation of the eccentric displacement of center of rotation of the first ring until the second ring closes with another after contact Locking element contacts by that analogy.Thus, the second ring can be substantially freely moved until relative to the first ring in a radial plane Second ring is uniformly supported in locked position of coupler on all blocking elements.Thus, the second ring also can be in blocking element and second Automatically it is centered in the case of rough manufacturing tolerance t between ring on blocking element.Because the second ring can be by it radially Position mobile phase in plane is for blocking element automatically centering rather than relative to the automatically centering of the first ring, so closing Manufacturing tolerance t between locking element and the second ring can be compensated so that when transmitting torque, all lockings in locked position of coupler Element substantially comparably load, so as to which freewheel can have high service life in the case of transfer high torque.

First ring can be configured to inner ring, and the second ring configuration is outer shroud.Alternatively, the first ring can be configured as outer shroud, and Two ring configurations are inner ring.Multiple blocking elements are especially set, and these blocking elements are preferably in circumferential direction evenly distributedly Arrangement.Freewheel especially switchably configuration.Therefore, it can for example be provided with the switching cage that can be reversed relative to the first ring.Institute Stating switching cage can be spaced apart with blocking element especially in neutral position and allow blocking element in locked position of coupler and idle running position Oscillating motion between putting.Preferably, switch cage blocking element can be pressed onto in neutral in the first switching position and/or Blocking element is locked in locked position of coupler in second switching position.Preferably, the first blocking element and the second locking member are set Part, the first blocking element locking in the relative rotation along the first circumferential direction, second blocking element is along with the Locking in the relative rotation of the second opposite circumferential direction of one circumferential direction.Here, especially the first blocking element and the second locking Both elements or only the first blocking element or only the second blocking element is implemented in a manner of changeable.Especially the first locking Element and the second blocking element are arranged in pairs respectively, and the common of the first ring can be preferably forced into each neutral Reception groove in.Especially blocking element can be pressed to stopper section by support spring in locked position of coupler, to be set in locked position of coupler Put the relative angle of the maximum possible limited for the first ring.Second ring especially has latch groove, and blocking element exists Especially it can be pressed onto in locked position of coupler by support spring in the latch groove, to transmit torque between the first ring and the second ring. In locked position of coupler, blocking element especially can clamp to shape sealed between the first ring and the second ring.

Support spring can especially be configured as the latch plate of the elastic bendable stretched out, and the latch plate is preferably substantially tangential The end of bending is abutted on blocking element with especially rounding between neutral and locked position of coupler with elastic force on direction.Branch Support spring can be acted on especially on the first blocking element and to point to the second of opposite tangential direction with the first tangent end Tangent end is acted on the second blocking element.Freewheel can be especially placed at the belt coupled with motor car engine drive shaft In wheel, to be coupled belt pulley with drive shaft by the freewheel, particularly for driving motor vehicle auxiliary machine group and/or for attached Connect and be preferably configured as starter-generator, starter for starting motor car engine.

Especially, meet for position of related features T and manufacturing tolerance t：1.0 ＜ T/t≤3.0, especially 1.1≤T/t≤2.5, Preferably 1.2≤T/t≤2.0 and especially preferably 1.3≤T/t≤1.5.In the case of such position of related features T, second Ring has enough spaces, to be registered to blocking element in sagittal plane.Can for the first ring particularly with the second ring The favourable gap of abnormal cost is set to coordinate.

Preferably, blocking element in locked position of coupler relative to the maximum relative angular position of the first ring by backstop with Two rings are defined on different stopper sections, wherein, the stopper section is particularly by the first ring or can be reversed relative to the first ring Switching cage configuration, so as in locked position of coupler and/or in neutral release or locking described in blocking element.Pass through institute Blocking element can independently be limited in locked position of coupler relative to the relative angular position of the first ring with the first ring by stating stopper section so that Enable in particular to the over-tilting to avoiding blocking element during middle step relative to blocking element in the second ring.Work as blocking element , especially can be by abutting in the predetermined restriction for being used for the second ring of the blocking element on the second ring when abutting on the stopper section Center of rotation.

Especially preferably, the first ring and/or the second ring with position of related features T on pre-pair ring in.The pre-pair ring can Especially it is configured as sleeve, pre-pair is carried out with position of related features T on the inner side of the sleeve or outside.Second ring is in radial direction On can be thus avoided by relative to the big displacement of the first ring.Before the second ring backstop is on the first ring, the first ring can occur And/or second backstop of the ring on pre-pair ring.Thus can particularly avoid, such as the deadweight due to the first ring and/or the second ring, First ring and the second ring are so close on peripheral position so that blocking element is forced into neutral and especially from second The latch groove of ring is stretched, so as to cause automatic centering of second ring on blocking element to become difficult or destroyed.

Especially, the first ring and/or the second ring are the parts of torsional vibration damper, wherein, especially the first ring and/or the second ring The input flange or output flange of the decoupled device of torsional oscillation are formed, the decoupled utensil of the torsional oscillation has the accumulator member of substantially tangential effect Part, especially semielliptic spring.First ring and/or the second ring can especially have such extend in radial directions in the case Portion so that accumulator element can have been acted in position of related features T in all extreme positions.Therefore, the accumulator element can be set Free corner is put, the free corner allows the first ring and/or the second ring to be moved on sagittal plane in the range of position of related features T.By This first ring and/or the second ring on sagittal plane position change in the case of, torsional vibration damper can be especially insensitive.It is preferred that Ground, the inner ring of the freewheel regularly driving axis connection with torque introducing element, especially motor car engine, or regularly with Torque export element, the belt pulley particularly for attachment auxiliary unit connect, and torsional vibration damper regularly exports member with torque Part or the connection of torque introducing element, wherein, the outer shroud of freewheel can be with position of related features T relative inner ring motions in a radial plane Implement on ground.

Preferably, be provided with when the first ring relatively rotates relative to the second ring along the first circumferential direction locking, by more The locking group of individual first blocking element composition, wherein, at least three first blocking elements are especially set.Pass through the multiple locking The power that element can make to be applied on blocking element in locked position of coupler transmission torque is distributed on the locking element of respective numbers, So that the load of each locking element is correspondingly smaller.In addition, the cross force occurred can cancel out each other.Especially, locking element The centering of the restriction of the second ring can be realized particularly by 3 centerings.

It is particularly preferred that it is provided with the first ring relative to the second ring edge second circumference side opposite with the first circumferential direction To locking, the locking group that is made up of multiple second blocking elements when relatively rotating, wherein, especially set at least three second to close Locking element.Thus especially changeable freewheel can work in circumferential direction in two different relative rotations.Especially Not only relative to second in the case where the first ring relatively rotates relative to the second ring along the first circumferential direction but also in the first ring The second ring can be achieved on blocking element in ring in the case of being relatively rotated along the second circumferential direction opposite with the first circumferential direction Automatic centering.

The invention further relates to a kind of method for being used to make freewheel centering, the freewheel can construct as explained above And extended architecture, wherein, in the state without torque of freewheel, in the first ring relative to the second ring along the first circumferential direction phase During to rotating locking, be in locked position of coupler by the locking group that forms of multiple first blocking elements that quantity is N, and the Two rings are abutted on n blocking element, wherein, n is less than N, and then torque is directed in the first ring and/or the second ring, and Then the second ring makes it change relative to the relative position of the first ring in sagittal plane, until the second ring is abutted in more than n On blocking element, especially abut on N number of blocking element.N and n is greater than zero natural positive integer.Preferably, to middle beginning When be n=1, wherein, n=2 or n=3 in principle can also.Because second ring can pass through its position in sagittal plane Mobile phase is put for the blocking element automatically centering without relative to the automatically centering of the first ring, so in locking member Manufacturing tolerance t between part and the second ring can be compensated so that when transmitting torque, all blocking elements in locked position of coupler Substantially comparably load, so as to which freewheel can have high service life in the case of transfer high torque.

Especially, the second ring is supported on during its relative position changes in sagittal plane on the n blocking element. Being supported on blocking element need not be forcibly rigid, but can for example by the elastic deformation of blocking element and/ Or by locked position of coupler on gap of the blocking element for the relative angular position of the first ring slightly elastically Configuration.It is at least one with the blocking element that the second ring contacts thus, it is possible to middle period is realized it is for the second ring, relative to The center of rotation of the eccentric displacement of the center of rotation of first ring so that the second ring can reverse until the second ring and another locking always Element contacts.Thus, a rotation relative to the first ring is surrounded after the second ring can contact on described two blocking elements again The center of rotation of the eccentric displacement in center is reversed until the second ring contacts by that analogy with another blocking element.Thus, the second ring exists Can essentially freely it be moved relative to the first ring until the second ring is uniformly supported institute in locked position of coupler in sagittal plane Have on blocking element.

Brief description of the drawings

The present invention is exemplarily explained according to preferred embodiment below with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein, the feature next shown Both one aspect of the present invention each can individually or combinedly be formed.Accompanying drawing is shown：

Fig. 1：The schematic cross sectional view of known ratchet freewheel,

Fig. 2：The exemplary details figure of Fig. 1 details II,

Fig. 3：According to the schematic cross sectional view of the freewheel of the present invention.

Embodiment

The freewheel according to the present invention for being configured as ratchet freewheel 10 shown in Fig. 3 has the inner ring as the first ring 12 and the outer shroud 14 as the second ring, outer shroud relative to the coaxial arrangement of inner ring 12, can relatively rotate.Inner ring 12 has multiple receptions Bag 16, the blocking element 18 for being configured as Lock pawl is inserted into each reception bag in a manner of it can swing respectively so that locking member Part 18 can be swung between shown locked position of coupler and a neutral, in the locked position of coupler, along the first circumferential direction phase Blocking element 18 is coupled in the latch groove 20 of outer shroud 14 during to rotating, in the neutral, on edge and the first circumference side Blocking element 18 overcomes the spring force of support spring 22 from the locking of outer shroud 14 when being relatively rotated to the second opposite circumferential direction Separated in groove 20.In the illustrated embodiment, the second blocking element 24 is additionally provided with, the second blocking element energy It is enough to be swung between shown locked position of coupler and neutral, in the locked position of coupler, when being relatively rotated along the second circumferential direction Second blocking element 24 is coupled in the latch groove 20 of outer shroud 14, in the neutral, relative along the first circumferential direction The second blocking element 24 overcomes the spring force of support spring 22 to be separated from the latch groove 20 of outer shroud 14 during rotation.By Relative to the switching cage 26 that inner ring 12 is reversed blocking element 18 or can be forced to overcome the spring force of support spring 22 to enter In its neutral or the second blocking element 24 is forced to overcome the spring force of support spring 22 to enter in its neutral, its In, switch cage 26 not shown in Fig. 3.Therefore, switching cage 26 can press to blocking element 24 by stopper section 28.

As in Fig. 2 exemplarily in Fig. 1 shown in ratchet freewheel 10 on show as, due to position of related features and/or Tolerance chain may be present in manufacturing tolerance, the tolerance chain in locked position of coupler inside latch groove 20 blocking element 18,24 with it is outer Cause manufacturing tolerance t between ring 14 and may be interrupted via the power stream of the blocking element 18,24.In order to automatically compensate for making Tolerance t is made, makes outer shroud 14 only roughly in inner ring 12 in, its mode is that outer shroud 14 is public with the position more than manufacturing tolerance t Poor T is for example inserted into pre-pair ring 30, and thus, it is possible in the sagittal plane of ratchet freewheel 10 relative to inner ring 12 Displacement.Pre-pair ring 30 can prevent outer shroud 14 from going straight down under gravity in inner ring 12 in the case of vertically-mounted. In free-runing operation, outer shroud 14 can be freely rotatable with respect to inner ring 12.In locked position of coupler, outer shroud 14 can be according to relative rotation Direction and be scheduled on automatically centering on the blocking element 24 of blocking element 18 or second, until especially on blocking element 18,24 3 centerings and manufacturing tolerance t for realizing outer shroud 14 are compensated.Here, the center of outer shroud 14 can be with the center of rotation of inner ring 12 It is different.

In the embodiment illustrated in figure 3, outer shroud 14 has the output flange 32 of torsional vibration damper 34.The torsional vibration damper 34 have the accumulator element for being configured as semielliptic spring 36, and the torque vibration damping of importing can be output to defeated by the accumulator element Go out on flange 32.Semielliptic spring 36 acts on the output flange 32 of outer shroud 14 substantially tangentially, wherein, the output flange 23 With radial extension, the radial extension also allows reliable in the case of being moved in sagittal plane with position of related features T Power import.In addition, the semielliptic spring 36 allows certain free angle so that on blocking element 18,24 to it is middle when outside The position of ring 14 changes the feature that will not significantly affect torsional vibration damper 34.Torsional vibration damper 34 is in the illustrated embodiment It is configured as the decoupled device of torsional oscillation.Rubber shock absorber be may also set up as torsional vibration damper 34, wherein, flywheel mass passes through elastomeric material Attachment, wherein, it can especially cancel pre-pair ring 30 in this case.

Reference numerals list

10 ratchet freewheels

12 inner ring

14 outer shrouds

16 reception bags

18 blocking elements

20 latch grooves

22 support springs

24 second blocking elements

26 switching cages

28 stopper sections

30 pre-pair rings

32 output flanges

34 torsional vibration dampers

36 semielliptic springs

Claims

1. freewheel, for locking or torque transmission is interrupted, the freewheel has：

- the first ring (12), for importing and/or exporting torque；

The second ring (14) of-relatively described first ring (12) roughly coaxial arrangement, for exporting and/or importing torque；And

- at least two blocking elements (18,24) that can be swung between locked position of coupler and neutral, wherein, the locking member Part (18,24) in locked position of coupler by first ring (12) and the second ring (14) locking so as to torque transmission, and in sky Indexing puts middle permission first ring (12) relative to the relative rotation of second ring (14) to interrupt torque transmission,

Wherein, manufacturing tolerance t be present between the blocking element (18,24) and second ring (14) in locked position of coupler, Also, second ring (14) can be moved relative to first ring (12) in sagittal plane with position of related features T, wherein, institute State position of related features T and be more than the manufacturing tolerance t,

The blocking element described in locked position of coupler (18,24) passes through only relative to the maximum relative angular position of first ring (12) Gear be defined on the stopper section (28) different from the second ring (14), the stopper section (28) be used for locked position of coupler and/or In neutral release or locking described in blocking element (18,24).

2. freewheel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that expire for the position of related features T and the manufacturing tolerance t Foot：1.0 ＜ T/t≤3.0.

3. freewheel according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the stopper section (28) passes through first ring (12) or a switching cage (26) that can be rotated relative to first ring (12) constructs.

4. freewheel according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that first ring (12) and/or second ring (14) with position of related features T centerings on pre-pair ring (30).

5. freewheel according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that first ring (12) and/or second ring (14) be torsional vibration damper (34) part.

6. freewheel according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that be provided with first ring (12) relative to institute State locking in the case that the second ring (14) relatively rotates along the first circumferential direction, be made up of multiple first blocking elements (18) Locking group.

7. freewheel according to claim 6, it is characterised in that be provided with first ring (12) relative to described Two rings (14) along in the case of opposite with the first circumferential direction the second circumferential direction relative rotation locking, closed by multiple second The locking group of locking element (24) composition.

8. freewheel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the freewheel is used to optionally be switched to motor In the power train of motor vehicle.

9. freewheel according to claim 2, it is characterised in that 1.1≤T/t≤2.5.

10. freewheel according to claim 9, it is characterised in that 1.2≤T/t≤2.0.

11. freewheel according to claim 10, it is characterised in that 1.3≤T/t≤1.5.

12. freewheel according to claim 5, it is characterised in that first ring (12) and/or second ring (14) The input flange or output flange (32) of the decoupled device of torsional oscillation are formed, the decoupled utensil of the torsional oscillation has the accumulator of substantially tangential effect Element.

13. freewheel according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the accumulator element uses semielliptic spring (36).

14. freewheel according to claim 6, it is characterised in that be provided with least three first blocking elements (18).

15. freewheel according to claim 7, it is characterised in that be provided with least three second blocking elements (24).

16. the method for making freewheel (10) centering according to one of claim 1 to 15, wherein, in the freewheel (10) in the state without torque, turn in first ring (12) relative to second ring (14) along the first circumferential direction is relative In the case of dynamic locking, the locking group that is made up of multiple first blocking elements (18) that quantity is N be in locked position of coupler, and And second ring (14) is abutted on n blocking element (18,24), wherein, n is less than N, and then torque is directed to described In first ring (12) and/or second ring (14), and

Then second ring (14) changes it relative to the relative position of the first ring (12) until described in sagittal plane Two rings (14) are abutted on more than n blocking element (18,24).

17. method according to claim 16, wherein, during second ring (14) changes its relative position in sagittal plane It is supported on the n blocking element (18,24).

18. method according to claim 16, wherein, it is described until second ring (14) abuts in more than n blocking element It is until second ring (14) is abutted on N number of blocking element (18,24) on (18,24).