CN105469195A - Power transmission line corridor environment fire danger class evaluation method - Google Patents
Power transmission line corridor environment fire danger class evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105469195A CN105469195A CN201510794699.8A CN201510794699A CN105469195A CN 105469195 A CN105469195 A CN 105469195A CN 201510794699 A CN201510794699 A CN 201510794699A CN 105469195 A CN105469195 A CN 105469195A
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Abstract
The invention provides a power transmission line corridor environment fire danger class evaluation method. According to the method, a woodland fire danger class nearby a power transmission corridor is determined according to a plurality of satellite remote sensing data, real-time meteorological essential factor monitoring data of a ground weather station and the ground vegetation coverage information, four fire danger factors of the power transmission corridor vegetation woodland coverage ratio V, the rainfall to fire danger class influence factor R, the TVDI index to fire danger grade influence factor M and the landform to fire danger class influence factor T are comprehensively utilized, quantitative parameter guidance is provided for power transmission corridor area safety fire prevention monitoring on different areas in different seasons through fusion and superposition of multiple fire danger factors.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to transmission line of electricity operation maintenance technical field, specifically a kind of power transmission line corridor environment fire size class appraisal procedure.
Background technology
The fire that power transmission line corridor region occurs not only works the mischief to the ecologic environment of institute overlay area, also easily causes transmission line of electricity to trip, and brings great economic loss to the production O&M of electric power supply.From the angle of safe operation of electric network, in order to avoid the loss that line tripping causes, usually needing Transmission Line Design is loop, to ensure the safety of powering.But, the current energy general layout of China be water power, coal all in the northwestward, and developed area is all in the southeast, and the extreme which results in electric power conveying is uneven, makes transmission line of electricity safe operation particularly important.
As one of the important method of scientific protection against catastrophe, fire size class assessment in power transmission line corridor region can take precautions against mountain fire for power department provides scientific and effective decision-making foundation.The research of current this respect also comparatively lacks, and main mountain fire rank division method is primarily of forest department, and agricultural sector etc. propose to be used for forest, the fire on grassland divides, and instruct the fire prevention and control of excessive risk period.
Generally speaking, the generation of forest fire and the process of development comparatively complicated, relate to the impact of factors, comprise topographic condition, weather environment, vegetation growth state and mankind's activity situation etc.In power transmission line corridor region, topographic condition, weather environment and vegetation state influence degree are the most direct.In order to realize the possibility assessing the burning of power transmission line corridor mountain fire on a large scale, only have satellite remote sensing technology could realize all standing of the Wide Area Power transmission line of electricity.
Be mainly used in risk of forest fire, grassland fire etc. for existing forest fires risk assessment technology, do not do corresponding evaluation and analysis for the forest land of power transmission line corridor vegetation-covered area, shrub, meadow fire.There is difference in larger principle and mechanism in risk evaluation and risk of forest fire, the grassland fire of transmission of electricity vegetation-covered area, corridor, wherein most important difference is that in transmission of electricity corridor, the less condition of a fire just can cause the tripping operation of transmission line of electricity, cause power outage, bring massive losses to transmission of electricity enterprise and power consumer.And this culprit more than 90% is wherein caused by artificial setting on fire, nature, the Fire accident that causes of being struck by lightning are very rare.Therefore, the assessment and analysis of corridor fire size class of transmitting electricity simply can not indiscriminately imitate risk of forest fire standard, grassland fire standard.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of power transmission line corridor environment fire size class appraisal procedure, the method combines the forest land fire size class solved near transmission of electricity corridor by the real-time weather key element Monitoring Data, vegetation cover information etc. of multiple satellite remote sensing date, surface weather station, for Various Seasonal, the transmission of electricity corridor area fire safety monitoring of zones of different provides the parameter directs of quantification.
A kind of power transmission line corridor environment fire size class appraisal procedure, comprises the steps:
Step one, transmission line tower coordinate is utilized to generate transmission line of electricity buffer zone vector file;
Step 2, utilize transmission line of electricity buffer zone vector file and ground mulching grouped data to carry out vector superposed calculating, obtain vegetative breakdown data plot in power transmission line corridor buffer zone;
Step 3, carry out different weighting measuring and calculating for vegetative breakdown data, Type of Forest Land be divided into thick forest, sparse woods and spinney, according to the forest land dense degree covering earth's surface, calculate transmission of electricity corridor vegetation woodland rent ratio V:
Tree and grass coverage in V=region/this region area;
Step 4, calculating rainfall amount are to the factor of influence R of fire size class: first utilize rainfall product data every day that provincial weather station obtains, and the rainfall amount obtaining transmission of electricity overlay area, corridor is flat apart from number percent Pa, and the computing formula that rainfall amount is put down apart from number percent Pa is:
In formula: P is certain period quantity of precipitation,
for calculation interval Climatological mean same period quantity of precipitation, rainfall amount is to the factor of influence R=1-Pa of fire size class
Step 5, the data accounting temperature vegetation drought index TVDI utilizing MODIS satellite to pass by every day, be normalized to temperature vegetation drought index TVDI the factor of influence M obtaining TVDI exponent pair fire size class;
Step 6, the factor of influence T of landform to fire size class is obtained to the landform weighting of transmission line of electricity buffer zone;
Step 7, the fire danger factors weighting of transmission line of electricity buffer zone and fire size class assessment: utilize each factor that each step above calculates, merge multiple fire danger factors and superposition, assessment power transmission line corridor fire size class.
The computing formula of the fire size class F of transmission of electricity buffer zone, corridor is as follows:
F＝V·T·R·M。
Further, described step 5 is specially: utilize normalized differential vegetation index NDVI and land surface temperature LST to build NDVI-TS feature space, obtain temperature vegetation drought index TVDI model, calculate the TVDI of each pixel in different time Different climate district, the factor of influence M obtained fire size class is normalized to temperature vegetation drought index TVDI.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is based on vegetation distribution and quasi real time Satellite Remote Sensing carry out the dynamic assessment method of power transmission line corridor environment fire size class, mountain fire probability of happening and the fire size class in power transmission line corridor woodland rent district can be evaluated more exactly, vegetation felling planning near transmission line of electricity can be instructed in addition to wait work, avoid line tripping, ensure the normal work of transmission line of electricity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is normalized differential vegetation index NDVI computing method and data flowchart;
Fig. 2 is temperature vegetation drought index TVDI computing method and data flowchart;
Fig. 3 is for obtain meteorological drought distribution plan one day by rainfall anomaly percentage calculation;
Fig. 4 is Hubei Province TVDI one day exponential distribution figure;
Fig. 5 is Hubei province landform schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is forest land, Hubei province flammability rating distribution plan;
Fig. 7 is buffer zone, the transmission of electricity corridor fire size class assessment result after many factors is merged in somewhere;
Region of Southeast, Fig. 8 Hubei transmission line of electricity history first quarter fire point distribution plan;
Region of Southeast, Fig. 9 Hubei transmission line of electricity history first quarter trip-point distribution plan.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the technical scheme in the present invention is clearly and completely described.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of power transmission line corridor environment fire size class appraisal procedure, comprises the steps:
A kind of power transmission line corridor environment fire size class appraisal procedure, comprises the steps:
Step one, transmission line tower coordinate is utilized to generate positive and negative 1km transmission line of electricity buffer zone vector file;
Step 2, utilize transmission line of electricity buffer zone vector file and ground mulching grouped data to carry out vector superposed calculating, obtain vegetative breakdown data plot in power transmission line corridor buffer zone; Concrete, the 30m resolution ground mulching data of Global coverage can be utilized, with transmission line of electricity buffer zone superposition calculation, obtain vegetative breakdown data plot in power transmission line corridor buffer zone.Generally, be limited by the resolution that optical satellite image is lower, do not distinguish thick forest, sparse woods, spinney for ground mulching data, can replace by unified weight in this case.But for the high-resolution optical satellite extensively obtained, can distinguish dissimilar forest land, dissimilar forest land is different on the impact of power transmission line corridor fire size class, can according to the further refinement respective weights of forest land kind.
Step 3, carry out different weighting measuring and calculating for vegetative breakdown data, from the distribution situation of power transmission line corridor mountain fire tripping operation in recent years, densely-wooded area fire size class is low, and the fire size class in sparse woods and shrub district is high.According to covering the forest land dense degree on earth's surface, calculate the number percent shared by vegetation under unit area, namely
Tree and grass coverage/this region area in transmission of electricity vegetation woodland rent ratio V=region, corridor; (1)
Step 4, calculating rainfall amount are to the factor of influence R of fire size class: first utilize rainfall product data every day that provincial weather station obtains, and the rainfall amount analyzing transmission of electricity overlay area, corridor is flat apart from number percent Pa.It is one of method characterizing certain period Anomalies of Precipitation that rainfall amount is put down apart from number percent, intuitively can react the arid that Abnormal Precipitation causes, and often uses in the meteorological day to day operation of China, is used for the drought event assessing life, season, year generation.The computing formula that rainfall amount is put down apart from number percent Pa is:
In formula: P is certain period quantity of precipitation,
for calculation interval Climatological mean same period quantity of precipitation.
According to rainfall and the mountain fire experience that a situation arises, it is inverse ratio that rainfall amount equals the risk occurred apart from number percent and mountain fire, conveniently subsequent calculations, put down by the rainfall amount calculated and make the value of Pa between 0 ~ 1 apart from number percent normalization, then rainfall amount is to the factor of influence R=1-Pa of fire size class.
Step 5, the data utilizing MODIS satellite to pass by every day calculate and generate normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), then utilize normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) index to generate temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI), then temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI) normalized is obtained the factor of influence M of TVDI exponent pair fire size class.
Temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI) represents vegetation and soil drought degree, and owing to being the result of satellite actual monitoring, its confidence level is higher, and also comparatively weather station monitoring result is high a lot of for spatial resolution.
Normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) is a most widely used up to now vegetation index.A lot of satellite remote sensing date both provides the channel information calculated needed for this index, and for MODIS, calculating formula is:
NDVI＝(ρ2-ρ1)/(ρ2+ρ1)(3)
Wherein ρ 1 is the reflectivity of first band (red wave band), and ρ 2 is reflectivity of second band (near-infrared band).It can reflect the growing way of vegetation, indirectly can reflect damage caused by a drought, and NDVI synthetic technology route of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.Needed to carry out pre-service to MODIS data before calculating NDVI index, namely carry out wave band picking, radiation calibration, geometry correction successively, go bow-tie effect, cloud mask, cutting, then utilize pretreated MODIS data to carry out calculating first generation NDVI index.
Temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI) represents vegetation and soil drought degree, and owing to being the result of satellite actual monitoring, its confidence level is higher, and also comparatively weather station monitoring result is high a lot of for spatial resolution.
Utilize normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature LST to build NDVI-TS feature space, obtain temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI) model, calculate the TVDI of each pixel in different time Different climate district.
Temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI) calculation process of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, after calculating temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI), index normalized is carried out to the TVDI in power transmission line corridor region and obtains a value between zero and one, be 1 after the maximal value normalized of i.e. TVDI, be 0 after the Returning to one for minimum value process of TVDI, the factor of influence obtained fire size class is normalized to temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI), to participate in the risk assessment of follow-up power transmission line corridor mountain fire.
Step 6, the factor of influence T of landform to fire size class is obtained to the landform weighting of transmission line of electricity buffer zone.
Adopt landform to carry out in the process of fire size class weighting, there is multiple influence factor, on the one hand: the speed of landform its mountain fire different burning is different, and in comparatively precipitous forest land, burning rate is fast, and what cause transmission line of electricity to trip has a big risk; On the other hand, the area that elevation is larger is generally alpine region, although its vegetation is comparatively luxuriant, people is the very little of burning of setting on fire.
Utilize the dem data that the SRTM-3 whole world is free, the terrain information of computing electric power line corridor area, mainly ground elevation information, by the elevation information normalized of the whole province, be 1 after the height value normalization of the i.e. peak of the whole province, be 0 after the height value normalization of minimum point, the elevation of every one-level shaft tower turned to the value between 0-1 as benchmark, orographic factor is introduced in the middle of fire size class assessment.
For Hubei Province, obtain the dem data that the SRTM-3 in region, Hubei Province is free, the terrain information of computing electric power line corridor area, the mainly information such as ground elevation, and by the whole province's elevation information normalized, being i.e. 1 after the height value normalization of the peak of the whole province, is 0 after the height value normalization of minimum point, the elevation of every one-level shaft tower turned to the value between 0-1 as benchmark, as shown in Figure 5.
Step 7, the fire danger factors weighting of transmission line of electricity buffer zone and fire size class assessment
Utilize each factor that each step above calculates, multiple fire danger factors is merged and superposition, assessment power transmission line corridor fire size class.
The fire size class computing formula of transmission of electricity buffer zone, corridor is as follows:
F＝V·T·R·M(4)
Wherein F is the fire size class (can be divided into 1,2,3,4,5 grades) of buffer zone, corridor
V represents transmission of electricity corridor vegetation woodland rent ratio, is obtained by step 3.
T represents the impact of landform on fire size class, is obtained by step 6.
R represents the factor of influence of rainfall amount to fire size class, is obtained by step 4.
M represents the factor of influence of TVDI exponent pair fire size class, is obtained by step 5.
The result obtained according to formula (4) is divided into 5 intervals as the fire size class calculated by the method, 0≤F < 0.2 is 1 grade, 0.2≤F < 0.4 is 2 grades, 0.4≤F < 0.6 is 3 grades, 0.6≤F < 0.8 is 4 grades, and 0.8≤F≤1 is 5 grades.
According to the calculating of above multiple step, the fusion of multiple fire danger factors with superpose, obtain the fire size class result of transmission of electricity corridor buffer field.Consider the seasonality that fire distributes and regionality, can divide season, subregion is according to the different time periods, and the fire danger factors that integration is proposed by the invention, final acquisition transmits electricity corridor quarterly, fire size class analysis and assessment result per year.Form the foundation being used to guide transmission line forest fire and taking precautions against.
Find after region of Southeast, Hubei history fire point and trip-point are compared, the mountain fire methods of risk assessment considering various factors has good accuracy, agree with history trip-point data: according to this fire size class appraisal procedure, fire size class is the region of 4 and 5, the probability that the same quarter fire point occurs and the probability that tripping operation occurs are all higher than more than 80%, and fire size class is the region of 1,2, the probability of happening of history fire point adds up to and is less than 5%, and trip accident probability is less than 5%.
For Hubei Province, according to the dynamic assessment method of power transmission line corridor region mountain fire risk class, be a unit area with 6 grades of shaft towers, calculate the mountain fire risk class in the power transmission line corridor region in each unit area, select one section of power transmission line corridor of Xianning Prefecture in the mountain fire risk class result of calculation in March, 2015 as shown in the buffer zone in Fig. 8, Fig. 9.Afterwards the history of same period fire point and transmission line of electricity trip-point are added on same figure, to verify the validity of this inventive method, consider this inventive method of rear discovery and obtain good effect, as Fig. 8, Fig. 9 of the present invention and table 1, table 2, fire size class appraisal procedure by this invention is described, consider the factors such as woodland rent rate, landform, rainfall, vegetation normalization index, transmission of electricity corridor mountain fire distribution results can be reflected preferably.
With history fire point distribution relation table in the different fire size class region of table 1
| Fire size class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| History fire counts (individual) | 0 | 1 | 4 | 14 | 22 |
| Corridor fire point probability distribution (%) | 0 | 2.4 | 9.8 | 34.1 | 53.7 |
History trip-point distribution relation table in the different fire size class region of table 2
| Fire size class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| History tripping operation number (individual) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 11 |
| History tripping operation probability distribution (%) | 0 | 4.2 | 12.5 | 37.5 | 45.8 |
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. by introducing power transmission line corridor area normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) of the MODIS satellite acquisition in Hubei of passing by every day, can the blade face arid situation of renewal transmission of electricity corridor vegetation quasi real time, the true Real-time Obtaining corridor vegetation arid situation that is as the criterion provides technological means;
2., by introducing the surface vegetation index information that land station's real time meteorological data superposition satellite remote sensing obtains, considering the fire risk in transmission of electricity corridor, improve real-time and the reliability of the assessment of mountain fire risk class;
3. merged the terrain information in transmission of electricity corridor, under comprehensive different terrain altitudes, determined that transmission of electricity corridor vegetation human factor causes the probability of mountain fire, further increase the accuracy of vegetation region, corridor mountain fire risk class assessment;
4. by the long-play of native system, the probability distribution occurred in conjunction with transmission of electricity corridor mountain fire and the impact of actual tripping operation, the risk evaluation model that native system adopts can also further improve and self-adaptation, thus adapts to new situations and the new feature of mountain fire risk assessment.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, anyly belongs to those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (2)
1. a power transmission line corridor environment fire size class appraisal procedure, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step one, transmission line tower coordinate is utilized to generate transmission line of electricity buffer zone vector file;
Step 2, utilize transmission line of electricity buffer zone vector file and ground mulching grouped data to carry out vector superposed calculating, obtain vegetative breakdown data plot in power transmission line corridor buffer zone;
Step 3, carry out different weighting measuring and calculating for vegetative breakdown data, Type of Forest Land be divided into thick forest, sparse woods and spinney, according to the forest land dense degree covering earth's surface, calculate transmission of electricity corridor vegetation woodland rent ratio V:
Tree and grass coverage in V=region/this region area;
Step 4, calculating rainfall amount are to the factor of influence R of fire size class: first utilize rainfall product data every day that provincial weather station obtains, and the rainfall amount obtaining transmission of electricity overlay area, corridor is flat apart from number percent Pa, and the computing formula that rainfall amount is put down apart from number percent Pa is:
In formula: P is certain period quantity of precipitation,
for calculation interval Climatological mean same period quantity of precipitation, rainfall amount is to the factor of influence R=1-Pa of fire size class
Step 5, the data accounting temperature vegetation drought index TVDI utilizing MODIS satellite to pass by every day, be normalized to temperature vegetation drought index TVDI the factor of influence M obtaining TVDI exponent pair fire size class;
Step 6, the factor of influence T of landform to fire size class is obtained to the landform weighting of transmission line of electricity buffer zone;
Step 7, the fire danger factors weighting of transmission line of electricity buffer zone and fire size class assessment: utilize each factor that each step above calculates, merge multiple fire danger factors and superposition, assessment power transmission line corridor fire size class.
The computing formula of the fire size class F of transmission of electricity buffer zone, corridor is as follows:
F＝V·T·R·M。
2. power transmission line corridor environment fire size class appraisal procedure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 5 is specially: utilize normalized differential vegetation index NDVI and land surface temperature LST to build NDVI-TS feature space, obtain temperature vegetation drought index TVDI model, calculate the TVDI of each pixel in different time Different climate district, the factor of influence M obtained fire size class is normalized to temperature vegetation drought index TVDI.
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| CN110333519A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-10-15 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Transmission line forest fire monitoring method and device based on high rail low orbit satellite data |
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| CN106652300A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 航天星图科技（北京）有限公司 | Forest fire point monitoring method |
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| CN110261272A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-09-20 | 西南交通大学 | Based on geographical detection with PCA to the Key Influential Factors screening technique of PM2.5 concentration distribution |
| CN110427914A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-08 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of transmission of electricity corridor vegetation threat early warning method based on satellite remote sensing |
| CN110427914B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-09-28 | 西南交通大学 | Power transmission corridor vegetation threat early warning method based on satellite remote sensing |
| CN110634258A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-12-31 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Mountain fire identification method aiming at satellite monitoring mountain fire data of power transmission line |
| CN112668927A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-04-16 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Dynamic forest fire risk assessment method considering human factors based on clustering method |
| CN112668927B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2023-11-24 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Dynamic mountain fire risk assessment method considering human factors based on clustering method |
| CN113984212A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Agricultural irrigated area extraction method and system |
| CN113984212B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-06-27 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Agricultural irrigation area extraction method and system |
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