CN105466155A - 空分系统 - Google Patents

空分系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105466155A
CN105466155A CN201510968527.8A CN201510968527A CN105466155A CN 105466155 A CN105466155 A CN 105466155A CN 201510968527 A CN201510968527 A CN 201510968527A CN 105466155 A CN105466155 A CN 105466155A
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cooler
heat exchanger
pipeline
plate type
type heat
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李怀建
边兴海
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Coal Chemical Industry Co Ltd By Shares Of Precious Ace Semi Of Qitaihe
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Coal Chemical Industry Co Ltd By Shares Of Precious Ace Semi Of Qitaihe
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04157—Afterstage cooling and so-called "pre-cooling" of the feed air upstream the air purification unit and main heat exchange line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F25J2205/34—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes as evaporative cooling tower to produce chilled water, e.g. evaporative water chiller [EWC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/02—Separating impurities in general from the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/58—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being argon or crude argon

Abstract

空分系统，涉及一种空气分离系统。是要解决现有的空分装置耗能较大，且产出的氧气纯度不高的问题。该系统包括自洁式空气过滤器、原料空压机、管壳式冷却器、分子筛吸附器、增压压缩机、板式换热器、膨胀机、精馏塔、增效粗氩塔、水冷塔、冷却器和冷冻水冷却器，自洁式空气过滤器与原料空压机相连通，原料空压机与管壳式冷却器连通，管壳式冷却器与分子筛吸附器连通，分子筛吸附器出口一部分通过板式换热器与精馏塔相连通，另一部分连接增压压缩机、冷却器、冷冻水冷却器、板式换热器、膨胀机与精馏塔连接，精馏塔中部经过板式换热器与水冷塔连通，精馏塔上部与增效粗氩塔连接，增效粗氩塔另一端经过板式换热器与水冷塔连通。本发明用于空气分离。

Description

空分系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种空气分离系统。
背景技术
空气中的主要成分为氧和氮，它们以分子状态存在于空气中。空分工艺则是利用低温精馏法将空气冷凝成液体，然后按各组分蒸发温度的不同将空气混合物中的各组分分离，从而获得高纯氧气和高纯氮气以及一些稀有气体的过程。
现有的空分装置耗能较大，且产出的氧气纯度不高，一般为99.5％。
发明内容
本发明是要解决现有的空分装置耗能较大，且产出的氧气纯度不高的问题，提高一种空分系统。
本发明的空分系统包括自洁式空气过滤器、原料空压机、管壳式冷却器、分子筛吸附器、增压压缩机、板式换热器、膨胀机、精馏塔、增效粗氩塔、水冷塔、冷却器和冷冻水冷却器，自洁式空气过滤器通过管道与原料空压机相连通，原料空压机通过管道与管壳式冷却器相连通，管壳式冷却器通过管道与分子筛吸附器相连通，分子筛吸附器的出口端分为两部分，一部分通过板式换热器的第一通道与精馏塔的第一入口相连通，另一部分连接增压压缩机，增压压缩机依次通过冷却器、冷冻水冷却器和板式换热器的第二通道与膨胀机相连通，膨胀机通过管道与精馏塔的第二入口连接，精馏塔的氮气出口通过管道经过板式换热器的第三通道与水冷塔相连通，精馏塔的氩馏分出口通过管道与增效粗氩塔连接，增效粗氩塔另一端通过管道经过板式换热器的第六通道与水冷塔相连通。
本发明空分系统的工作原理如下：
原料工艺空气20经吸入口吸入，进入自洁式空气过滤器，滤去尘埃和机械杂质，然后进入原料空压机，压缩后的气体进入空气冷却塔，在其中被水冷却和洗涤。出空气冷却塔的空气进入分子筛吸附器，除去水分、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物，获得干净空气21，干净空气21一路经过板式换热器冷却后进入精馏塔，另一路干净空气21经过增压机及冷却器冷却后，再进入冷冻水冷却器，然后进入板式换热器冷却，再从板式换热器中部抽出进入膨胀机去膨胀，膨胀后的空气送入精馏塔进行分离。从精馏塔返流的氧气22、氮气23经过板式换热器与空气21换热后，其中产品氧气26、产品氮气25送用户，污氮气24进入管壳式冷却器壳程，空气走管程，然后污氮对空排放(图其中a为管程进口，b为管程出口，c为壳程进口，d为壳程出口)。精馏塔抽取一定量的氩馏份送入增效粗氩塔，氩馏份经增效粗氩塔精馏后得到粗氩气，粗氩气经过板式换热器复热后去水冷塔。水冷塔为冷冻水冷却器提供冷冻水。
本发明的有益效果：
1、原料空气过滤器采用自洁式过滤器，具有过滤效率高、空间利用率大、节能性好、滤料使用寿命长的优点；
2、本发明设置管壳式冷却器，使处理量增加，换热效果好，比传统的水冷式空冷器比较水消耗量大幅减少，同时减少了开停车次数，效益明显；
3、本发明设置增效粗氩塔，提高了氩的利用率，粗氩气与污氮气汇合去水冷塔，给水冷却，进一步节约能源。同时通过增效粗氩塔对精馏塔提纯后的氧气再进行提纯，有效降低氧气中氩气等成分的含量，最终使此空分工艺产出的氧气纯度达到99.8％左右。
附图说明
图1为本发明空分系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明技术方案不局限于以下所列举具体实施方式，还包括各具体实施方式间的任意组合。
具体实施方式一：结合图1说明本实施方式，本实施方式空分系统包括自洁式空气过滤器1、原料空压机2、管壳式冷却器3、分子筛吸附器4、增压压缩机5、板式换热器6、膨胀机7、精馏塔8、增效粗氩塔9、水冷塔10、冷却器11和冷冻水冷却器12，自洁式空气过滤器1通过管道与原料空压机2相连通，原料空压机2通过管道与管壳式冷却器3相连通，管壳式冷却器3通过管道与分子筛吸附器4相连通，分子筛吸附器4的出口端分为两部分，一部分通过板式换热器6的第一通道14与精馏塔8的第一入口相连通，另一部分连接增压压缩机5，增压压缩机5依次通过冷却器11、冷冻水冷却器12和板式换热器6的第二通道13与膨胀机7相连通，膨胀机7通过管道与精馏塔8的第二入口连接，精馏塔8的氮气出口通过管道经过板式换热器6的第三通道17与水冷塔10相连通，精馏塔8的氩馏分出口通过管道与增效粗氩塔9连接，增效粗氩塔9另一端通过管道经过板式换热器6的第六通道18与水冷塔10相连通。
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是：所述分子筛吸附器4采用卧式双层床结构。其它与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是：所述水冷塔10通过管道与冷冻水冷却器12相连通。其它与具体实施方式一或二相同。
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是：所述精馏塔8的氧气出口与板式换热器6的第四通道15相连通，第四通道15另一端通向用户。其它与具体实施方式一至三之一相同。
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是：所述精馏塔8的污氮出口与板式换热器6的第五通道16相连通，第五通道16另一端通向用户。其它与具体实施方式一至四之一相同。

Claims (5)

1.空分系统，其特征在于该系统包括自洁式空气过滤器(1)、原料空压机(2)、管壳式冷却器(3)、分子筛吸附器(4)、增压压缩机(5)、板式换热器(6)、膨胀机(7)、精馏塔(8)、增效粗氩塔(9)、水冷塔(10)、冷却器(11)和冷冻水冷却器(12)，自洁式空气过滤器(1)通过管道与原料空压机(2)相连通，原料空压机(2)通过管道与管壳式冷却器(3)相连通，管壳式冷却器(3)通过管道与分子筛吸附器(4)相连通，分子筛吸附器(4)的出口端分为两部分，一部分通过板式换热器(6)的第一通道(14)与精馏塔(8)的第一入口相连通，另一部分连接增压压缩机(5)，增压压缩机(5)依次通过冷却器(11)、冷冻水冷却器(12)和板式换热器(6)的第二通道(13)与膨胀机(7)相连通，膨胀机(7)通过管道与精馏塔(8)的第二入口连接，精馏塔(8)的氮气出口通过管道经过板式换热器(6)的第三通道(17)与水冷塔(10)相连通，精馏塔(8)的氩馏分出口通过管道与增效粗氩塔(9)连接，增效粗氩塔(9)另一端通过管道经过板式换热器(6)的第六通道(18)与水冷塔(10)相连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空分系统，其特征在于所述分子筛吸附器(4)采用卧式双层床结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的空分系统，其特征在于所述水冷塔(10)通过管道与冷冻水冷却器(12)相连通。
4.根据权利要求1所述的空分系统，其特征在于所述精馏塔(8)的氧气出口与板式换热器(6)的第四通道(15)相连通，第四通道(15)另一端通向用户。
5.根据权利要求1所述的空分系统，其特征在于所述精馏塔(8)的污氮出口与板式换热器(6)的第五通道(16)相连通，第五通道(16)另一端通向用户。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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