CN105463169A - Method for conducting surface treatment on cast iron cooking utensil and cast iron cooking utensil - Google Patents
Method for conducting surface treatment on cast iron cooking utensil and cast iron cooking utensil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105463169A CN105463169A CN201510875545.1A CN201510875545A CN105463169A CN 105463169 A CN105463169 A CN 105463169A CN 201510875545 A CN201510875545 A CN 201510875545A CN 105463169 A CN105463169 A CN 105463169A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Frying-Pans Or Fryers (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for conducting surface treatment on a cast iron cooking utensil. The method includes the steps that firstly, after the cast iron cooking utensil is polished and cleaned, the surface of the cast iron cooking utensil is coated with plant oil; and secondly, the cast iron cooking utensil coated with the plant oil is subjected to heat treatment, wherein heat treatment comprises preheating treatment, high-temperature baking treatment and cooling treatment; and preheating treatment includes the step that the temperature is increased to 300 DEG C from the indoor temperature, high-temperature baking treatment includes the step that the cast iron cooking utensil is baked for 15 min to 25 min at the temperature from 300 DEG C to 600 DEG C, and cooling treatment includes the step that the temperature is decreased to the indoor temperature from 300 DEG C. The cast iron cooking utensil treated through the method is good in oxidation resistance, rust resistance and non-stick characteristic, wide in application range and longer in service life; and the method is environment-friendly, simple and suitable for popularization in cast iron cooking utensil treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to process and the manufacture craft of cooker, particularly, relate to one and surface-treated method and cast iron cooker are carried out to cast iron cooker.
Background technology
The life of cooker and people is closely bound up, and wherein cast iron cooker is one of common, the most traditional cooker.But cast iron cooker gets rusty easily when empty G&W exists simultaneously and makes surperficial scaling, has a strong impact on outward appearance and work-ing life.In addition, in order to reduce oil smoke, environmental protection more of living, people often prefer the non-stick pan using easy cleaning, easily can decoct cooked food.
At present, those skilled in the art will process cast iron cooker surface usually, and common method is as sprayed non-viscous paint (as tetrafluoroethylene) or ceramic coating at cooker surface.CN102641078B discloses a kind of making method of non-sticking cooking utensils, and the steps such as the method is shaping by cooker, surface treatment, meltallizing process, spraying non-viscous paint (poly-fluoro-resin), sintering complete the making of non-sticking cooking utensils.The method is extremely complicated, and the cast prod of such spray-on coating, anchoring strength of coating is not high, once there be the very fast spreading of coating that is partly corroded, causes coating big area to come off, the very fast rust corrosion of metallic matrix.And this characteristic determines this product can not use spades cooking, greatly limit its application.And the product of ceramic coating, because brittleness of ceramics is large, in use procedure, rapid heat cycle has the possibility burst, and once there is slight crack, cannot repair, and coating big area expands, and causes cooker metallic matrix to corrode, greatly reduces work-ing life.In addition, all there is the problem of high cost in above-mentioned method.
Therefore, in view of the irreplaceability of cast iron cooker in life, this area needs a kind for the treatment of process with good anti-oxidant and non-adhesion behavior, cooker applied widely and cooker badly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome that cost in the method for above-mentioned existing cast iron cooker surface is high, complex process and the defect such as product performance are bad, provide a kind of and surface-treated method and cast iron cooker carried out to cast iron cooker.
The present inventor is found by research, the product surface obtained after thermal pretreatment, high bake process and cooling process after vegetables oil being coated to the cast iron cooker after clean polishing can form the bright coating of black, this coating uniform covers cooker surface and has good anti-oxidant, anti-function of getting rusty, and the cooker after process cannot not have stickyly characteristic, simultaneously, this cooker passes through thermal treatment, reduce internal stress, improve internal structure structure stability, add the toughness of cooker, make cooker indeformable, do not ftracture, physicals improves further.The method cost is low, simple, is particularly suitable for cooker surface process in enormous quantities.
To achieve these goals, on the one hand, the invention provides one and carry out surface-treated method to cast iron cooker, the method comprises the following steps:
1) after cast iron cooker polishing being cleaned, at its surface-coated vegetables oil;
2) cast iron cooker being coated with vegetables oil is heat-treated;
Wherein, described thermal treatment comprises thermal pretreatment, high bake process and cooling process; Described thermal pretreatment comprises from room temperature to 300 DEG C, and described high bake process comprises and cast iron cooker is placed in 300-600 DEG C of baking 15-25 minute, and described cooling process comprises and is cooled to room temperature from 300 DEG C.In the present invention, room temperature refers to 20 ± 5 DEG C.
Preferably, in order to improve the anti-oxidant and non-adhesion behavior of the rear cast iron cooker of process further, in step 1) in, the thickness of cast iron cooker surface-coated vegetables oil is 3-12 μm, more preferably 4-10 μm.When the thickness of cast iron cooker surface-coated vegetables oil is less than 3 μm, poor effect, and be greater than more than 12 μm, and little to the effect gain of process, cause unnecessary waste.In step 1 of the present invention) in, the method that the method that described polishing is cleaned can use according to this area routine, such as ball blast, waterpower are cleaned, are then dried.
In the present invention, under preferable case, in step 2) in, the heat-up rate of described thermal pretreatment is 0.4-0.6 DEG C/s.
In the present invention, under preferable case, in step 2) in, the process of described high bake process comprises and rises to the first baking stage of 600 DEG C from 300 DEG C and be down to the second baking stage of 300 DEG C from 600 DEG C, wherein, described first baking the stage heat-up rate and described second baking the stage cooling rate be 0.4-0.6 DEG C/s independently.
In the present invention, under preferable case, in step 2) in, the heat-up rate of described cooling process is 0.15-0.3 DEG C/s.
In the present invention, step 2) heat treatment process can independently carry out in single baking box or baking oven, also can carry out in same baking box or baking oven, preferably, carry out in the baking box that heat treatment process has temperature programming and a programmed cooling same or baking oven.The physicals of heat treatment process of the present invention to cast iron cooker also plays promoter action.
In the present invention, described vegetables oil is not particularly limited, the vegetables oil can commonly used for this area, such as described vegetables oil can be edible vegetables oil, and described edible vegetables oil is one or more in peanut oil, soybean oil, Oleum Gossypii semen, oleum lini, Rice pollard oil, Semen Maydis oil, Viscotrol C, sweet oil, plam oil and rapeseed oil.Edible oil of the present invention is simple and easy to get, does not add other paint additives, more environment protection health!
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of cast iron cooker, and described cast iron cooker carries out the process of surface-treated method through above-mentioned to cast iron cooker.Cast iron cooker of the present invention is better anti-oxidant due to it, prevents metallic matrix from getting rusty, and has longer work-ing life, in addition, cooker in use edible oil slowly carbon distribution can strengthen strength of coating further.Cast iron cooker of the present invention can be the common cooker in this area, such as pot, basin, Barbecuing plate, tappasaki etc.
Cooker provided by the invention, surperficial pitch-dark light, more attractive in appearance, health environment-friendly.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: 1. method cost provided by the invention is low, simple; 2. only use vegetables oil in method provided by the invention, do not add other chemical compositions, environmental protection more, health; 3. better, the longer service life of the cast iron cooker suitability of method process of the present invention.
Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in embodiment part subsequently.
Embodiment
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.Should be understood that, embodiment described herein, only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
Below will be described the present invention by embodiment.
In the examples below, heat treated process is carried out in high temperature (highest temperature 800 degree) baking box (Suzhou is recalled triumphant prosperous automatic industrial equipment company limited and manufactured).
Embodiment 1
One carries out surface-treated method to cast iron cooker, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) by clean for iron pan polishing, the method that polishing is cleaned is first ball blast, then washes, and then dry, finally at its surface-coated vegetables oil (peanut oil), the thickness of cast iron cooker surface-coated vegetables oil is 7 μm;
2) cast iron cooker being coated with vegetables oil is heat-treated;
Wherein, described thermal treatment comprises thermal pretreatment, high bake process and cooling process; Described thermal pretreatment comprises from room temperature to 300 DEG C, and the heat-up rate of described thermal pretreatment is 0.45 DEG C/s; The process of described high bake process comprises and rises to the first baking stage of 600 DEG C from 300 DEG C and be down to the second baking stage of 300 DEG C from 600 DEG C, wherein, described first baking the stage heat-up rate and described second baking the stage cooling rate be 0.5 DEG C/s; Described cooling process comprises and is cooled to room temperature from 300 DEG C, and the heat-up rate of described cooling process is 0.25 DEG C/s.After treatment, the iron pan A1 after processing is obtained.
Embodiment 2
One carries out surface-treated method to cast iron cooker, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) by clean for iron pan polishing, the method that polishing is cleaned is first ball blast, then washes, and then dry, at its surface-coated vegetables oil (sweet oil), the thickness of cast iron cooker surface-coated vegetables oil is 10 μm;
2) cast iron cooker being coated with vegetables oil is heat-treated;
Wherein, described thermal treatment comprises thermal pretreatment, high bake process and cooling process; Described thermal pretreatment comprises from room temperature to 300 DEG C, and the heat-up rate of described thermal pretreatment is 0.6 DEG C/s; The process of described high bake process comprises and rises to the first baking stage of 600 DEG C from 300 DEG C and be down to the second baking stage of 300 DEG C from 600 DEG C, wherein, the heat-up rate in described first baking stage is the cooling rate in 0.6 DEG C/s and described second baking stage is 0.4 DEG C/s; Described cooling process comprises and is cooled to room temperature from 300 DEG C, and the heat-up rate of described cooling process is 0.15 DEG C/s.After treatment, the iron pan A2 after processing is obtained.
Embodiment 3
One carries out surface-treated method to cast iron cooker, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) by clean for iron pan polishing, the method that polishing is cleaned is first ball blast, then washes, and then dry, at its surface-coated vegetables oil (rapeseed oil), the thickness of cast iron cooker surface-coated vegetables oil is 4 μm;
2) cast iron cooker being coated with vegetables oil is heat-treated;
Wherein, described thermal treatment comprises thermal pretreatment, high bake process and cooling process; Described thermal pretreatment comprises from room temperature to 300 DEG C, and the heat-up rate of described thermal pretreatment is 0.4 DEG C/s; The process of described high bake process comprises and rises to the first baking stage of 600 DEG C from 300 DEG C and be down to the second baking stage of 300 DEG C from 600 DEG C, wherein, the heat-up rate in described first baking stage is the cooling rate in 0.4 DEG C/s and described second baking stage is 0.6 DEG C/s independently; Described cooling process comprises and is cooled to room temperature from 300 DEG C, and the heat-up rate of described cooling process is 0.3 DEG C/s.After treatment, the iron pan A3 after processing is obtained.
Embodiment 4
One carries out surface-treated method to cast iron cooker, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) by clean for iron pan polishing, the method that polishing is cleaned is first ball blast, then washes, and then dry, at its surface-coated vegetables oil (soybean oil), the thickness of cast iron cooker surface-coated vegetables oil is 12 μm;
2) cast iron cooker being coated with vegetables oil is heat-treated;
Wherein, described thermal treatment comprises thermal pretreatment, high bake process and cooling process; Described thermal pretreatment comprises from room temperature to 300 DEG C, and the heat-up rate of described thermal pretreatment is 0.45 DEG C/s; Described high bake process comprises and cast iron cooker is placed in 500 DEG C of bakings 20 minutes; Described cooling process comprises and is cooled to room temperature from 300 DEG C, and the heat-up rate of described cooling process is 0.25 DEG C/s.After treatment, the iron pan A4 after processing is obtained.
Embodiment 5
Carry out surface-treated method according to embodiment 1 to cast iron cooker, difference is, in step 1) described in the heat-up rate of thermal pretreatment be 2 DEG C/s; After treatment, the iron pan A5 after processing is obtained.
Embodiment 6
Carry out surface-treated method according to embodiment 1 to cast iron cooker, difference is, in step 2) described in the heat-up rate in the first baking stage and the cooling rate in described second baking stage be 3 DEG C/s; After treatment, the iron pan A6 after processing is obtained.
Embodiment 7
Carry out surface-treated method according to embodiment 1 to cast iron cooker, difference is, in step 2) described in the lower the temperature heat-up rate of process be 2 DEG C/s; After treatment, the iron pan A7 after processing is obtained.
Embodiment 8
Carry out surface-treated method according to embodiment 1 to cast iron cooker, difference is, in step 1) described in the thickness of cast iron cooker surface-coated vegetables oil be 1 μm; After treatment, the iron pan A8 after processing is obtained.
Comparative example
Carry out surface-treated method as embodiment 1 to cast iron cooker, difference is, step 2) heat treatment process be directly the iron pan being coated with vegetables oil is placed in 400 DEG C of bakings 20 minutes, after treatment, obtain the iron pan D1 after processing.
Test case
Iron pan A1-A8 and D1 after the process obtain embodiment 1-8 and comparative example carries out performance measurement.Particularly:
1, as the coating of part reusing and be applied as container, detect the content of extract in resene or polymer class coating or other materials, according to U.S. food and drug administration relevant regulations (TestforF.D.A.RegulationonResinousandPolymericCoating, U.S.FoodandDrugAdministration21CFRPart175.300, clausec3) carry out, test result is as shown in table 1.
Particularly: vessel water capacity=450000mg; 0.005% vessel water capacity=22.5mg;
Food-contacting surface amasss=40.3in
2; Relevant 0.005% vessel water holds quantitative limitation=0.56mg//in
2
Fixing restriction (fixedlimit)=18mg//in
2; High-temperature sterilization (120 DEG C) uses afterwards.
Table 1
| Chloroform extractable content (mg/in in water 2) | Chloroform extractable content (mg/in in heptane 2) | |
| A1 | ＜0.1 | ＜0.1 |
| A2 | ＜0.1 | ＜0.1 |
| A3 | ＜0.1 | ＜0.1 |
| A4 | ＜0.1 | ＜0.1 |
| A5 | ＜0.1 | ＜0.1 |
| A6 | ＜0.1 | ＜0.1 |
| A7 | ＜0.1 | ＜0.1 |
| A8 | ＜0.1 | ＜0.1 |
| D1 | ＜0.2 | ＜0.3 |
Data from table 1, can find out, the cast iron cooker of process of the present invention meets the food regulation relevant with medicine.
2, the test sample stripping property required about other metals according to the CPG7117.05 of U.S. food and drug administration is plumbous, A1-A8 and D1 all meets the requirement of above-mentioned file.
3, anti-corrosion test
The testing method of coating is not stained with according to NFD21-511, particularly: 10%NaCl solution (distilled water and sodium-chlor configuration) is added in A1-A8 and D1, untreated iron pan, add to 1/2 volume place, be heated to boiling, keep micro-to boil 20 hours, adding distil water is not to keep strength of solution in midway, and clean and dry, result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
| Result | |
| A1 | Surface is without any the vestige of corrosion |
| A2 | Surface is without any the vestige of corrosion |
| A3 | Surface is without any the vestige of corrosion |
| A4 | Surface is without any the vestige of corrosion |
| A5 | Surface is without any the vestige of corrosion |
| A6 | Surface is without any the vestige of corrosion |
| A7 | There is the vestige of 1 place corrosion on surface |
| A8 | There is the vestige of 3 places corrosion on surface |
| D1 | There is the vestige of 8 places corrosion on surface |
| Polytetrafluorethylecoatings coatings iron pan (being purchased) | Surface is without any the vestige of corrosion |
| Untreated iron pan | There is the vestige of 10 places corrosion on surface |
4, not adhesive test
The testing method of coating is not stained with according to NFD21-511, particularly: with the internal surface of clean water cleaning A1-A8 and D1, untreated iron pan, heating makes its internal surface temperature remain on 150-170 DEG C, the egg broken is put into pot, do not add edible oil, be heated to till egg cooks, finally with plastics/wooden spatula, egg be taken the dish out of the pot.Result standard: with spatula, egg residue is come off completely and be not viscosity good (7-10 divides), do not come off completely if egg is exhibition, the block wet gauze that then differs easily cleans, and is general (4-6 divides), can not wash with wet gauze, be bad (1-3 divides), the higher explanation of mark not viscosity is better, and concrete outcome is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
| Result | |
| A1 | Good (9 points) |
| A2 | Good (9 points) |
| A3 | Good (9 points) |
| A4 | Good (8 points) |
| A5 | Good (8 points) |
| A6 | Good (7 points) |
| A7 | Good (7 points) |
| A8 | Generally (6 points) |
| D1 | Generally (5 points) 5--> |
| Untreated iron pan | Bad (2 points) |
From the results shown in Table 3, cast iron pan of the present invention has good not viscosity.Further test of the present invention finds, iron pan of the present invention still had good not viscosity when above-mentioned test carries out 20 times, it should be noted that contriver changes the plastics in above-mentioned testing method/wooden spatula into spades and still can realize good not viscosity, not there is exception in pot interior surface.Contriver's above-mentioned test that also used the non-stick pan of the tetrafluoroethylene of purchase to carry out in addition, non-adhesion behavior good especially (10 points), but, when plastics/wooden spatula changes spades into, non-stick pan interior surface there will be more cut, after cleaning up, still exist, illustrate and destroy polytetrafluorethylecoatings coatings.
To sum up, the cast iron cooker that the invention provides after method process have good corrosion-resistantly, anti-to get rusty, oxidation-resistance, also there is good not sticky characteristic, this cooker suitability better (as not being afraid of spades, shock) and longer work-ing life simultaneously, the method cost is lower, simple, environment protection health more, has huge using value.
More than describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail; but the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned embodiment, within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention; can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in addition, each concrete technical characteristic described in above-mentioned embodiment, in reconcilable situation, can be combined by any suitable mode, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention illustrates no longer separately to various possible array mode.In addition, also can carry out arbitrary combination between various different embodiment of the present invention, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.
Claims (8)
1. carry out a surface-treated method to cast iron cooker, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
1) after cast iron cooker polishing being cleaned, at its surface-coated vegetables oil;
2) cast iron cooker being coated with vegetables oil is heat-treated;
Wherein, described thermal treatment comprises thermal pretreatment, high bake process and cooling process; Described thermal pretreatment comprises from room temperature to 300 DEG C, and described high bake process comprises and cast iron cooker is placed in 300-600 DEG C of baking 15-25 minute, and described cooling process comprises and is cooled to room temperature from 300 DEG C.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1) in, the thickness of cast iron cooker surface-coated vegetables oil is 3-12 μm.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2) in, the heat-up rate of described thermal pretreatment is 0.4-0.6 DEG C/s.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 2) in, the process of described high bake process comprises and rises to the first baking stage of 600 DEG C from 300 DEG C and be down to the second baking stage of 300 DEG C from 600 DEG C, wherein, described first baking the stage heat-up rate and described second baking the stage cooling rate be 0.45-0.55 DEG C/s independently.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2) in, the heat-up rate of described cooling process is 0.15-0.3 DEG C/s.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described vegetables oil is edible vegetables oil.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described edible vegetables oil is one or more in peanut oil, soybean oil, Oleum Gossypii semen, oleum lini, Rice pollard oil, Semen Maydis oil, Viscotrol C, sweet oil, plam oil and rapeseed oil.
8. a cast iron cooker, is characterized in that, described cast iron cooker carries out the process of surface-treated method to cast iron cooker in claim 1-7 described in any one.
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| CN201710501678.1A CN107245562B (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | The method that a kind of pair of cast iron cooker is surface-treated |
| CN201710501697.4A CN107254574B (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | The method that a kind of pair of cast iron cooker is surface-treated |
| CN201510875545.1A CN105463169B (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | A kind of method being surface-treated to cast iron cooker and cast iron cooker |
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| CN201510875545.1A CN105463169B (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | A kind of method being surface-treated to cast iron cooker and cast iron cooker |
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| CN201710501697.4A Division CN107254574B (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | The method that a kind of pair of cast iron cooker is surface-treated |
| CN201710501678.1A Division CN107245562B (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | The method that a kind of pair of cast iron cooker is surface-treated |
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| CN201710501678.1A Active CN107245562B (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | The method that a kind of pair of cast iron cooker is surface-treated |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107321929A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-07 | 河北淘啊科技有限公司 | A kind of casting iron pan production technology |
| CN107574403A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-12 | 佛山市高明福煌五金制品实业有限公司 | A kind of process of surface treatment of cast iron |
| CN108103291A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-06-01 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of anti-corrosion treatment process of cast-iron electric-cooker inner container |
| CN111321404A (en) * | 2020-03-21 | 2020-06-23 | 邢台戈兰厨具有限公司 | Cooker and method for forming golden protective layer on cooker |
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| CN108456877A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-08-28 | 广州渡和堂文化有限公司 | A kind of surface treatment method of iron pot |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN107574403A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-12 | 佛山市高明福煌五金制品实业有限公司 | A kind of process of surface treatment of cast iron |
| CN107574403B (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-04-16 | 佛山市高明福煌五金制品实业有限公司 | A kind of process of surface treatment of cast iron |
| CN108103291A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-06-01 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of anti-corrosion treatment process of cast-iron electric-cooker inner container |
| CN111321404A (en) * | 2020-03-21 | 2020-06-23 | 邢台戈兰厨具有限公司 | Cooker and method for forming golden protective layer on cooker |
| WO2021190423A1 (en) * | 2020-03-21 | 2021-09-30 | 河北三厦厨具科技有限公司 | Cooker and method for forming golden protective layer on cooker |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107254574B (en) | 2019-02-15 |
| CN107245562B (en) | 2019-01-01 |
| CN107254574A (en) | 2017-10-17 |
| CN105463169B (en) | 2017-09-15 |
| CN107245562A (en) | 2017-10-13 |
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