CN105463141A - Method for smelting high-nickel molten iron through low-poor-grade nickel laterite ore - Google Patents
Method for smelting high-nickel molten iron through low-poor-grade nickel laterite ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of stainless steel smelting and particularly relates to a method for smelting high-nickel molten iron through low-poor-grade nickel laterite ore. The method comprises the steps that the low-poor-grade nickel laterite ore is subjected to reducing roasting and magnetic concentration, and then enriched ore is obtained; then sinter burdening is conducted on the enriched ore and the low-poor-grade nickel laterite ore, and high-grade high-nickel sintered ore is obtained through sintering; and the high-grade high-nickel sintered ore is sent into a blast furnace to be smelted, and the high-nickel molten iron is obtained. According to the method, iron slag ore subjected to roasting reduction through a rotary kiln is enriched through magnetic separation, and a large amount of slag is removed, so that charging slag is greatly reduced; a large amount of unnecessary fuel waste can be eliminated for the blast furnace, and the cost is reduced. Through the synergistic effect of all the steps and parameters, the high-nickel molten iron meeting the charging high-nickel molten iron content requirements of stainless steel smelting through argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) furnaces can be produced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to stainless steel smelting field, be specifically related to a kind of method adopting the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores; Low poor grade red soil nickel ore is obtained enrichment ore deposit by the method after reducing roasting, magnetic concentration, again enrichment ore deposit is participated in sintered material together with low poor grade red soil nickel ore, obtain nickelic High-iron-content Sinters by sintering, then send into blast furnace smelting, obtain nickelic molten iron.
Background technology
At present, the basic skills of producing high ferronickel both at home and abroad adopts RKEF method (i.e. rotary kiln baking---electric furnace smelting process) or rotary kiln for directly reducing method.Because raw materials for production are low-grade laterite, so the product quantity of slag is large, in the electric furnace stage of RKEF method, heating slag can cause very large electric energy loss, yields poorly simultaneously; In rotary kiln for directly reducing method, because the reduction effect reached will be considered, energy efficient again, harsh temperature requirement can cause ring formation in kiln very fast, while a large amount of manpower process ring formation of needs, this method also has production operational availability low, the drawback that coal consumption is relatively large.
And enrichment ore deposit participation sintered material will be obtained after rotary kiln reducing roasting, magnetic concentration, pass through sinter machine, obtain epigranular and there is the agglomerate of some strength, metal content >=35% of agglomerate, agglomerate is sent into the further reducing and smelting of blast furnace again, smelt the production technology that nickel point is greater than the nickelic molten iron of 8% also not appear in the newspapers, belong to blank both at home and abroad.The major cause can not producing nickelic molten iron with blast furnace is: the laterite producing high ferronickel at present both at home and abroad all belongs to low-grade laterite nickel ore, amount of metal is lower, that is direct by these ore deposits according to sintering---blast furnace technology enters the words of stove, the quantity of slag in blast furnace will inevitably be made to increase, be easy to like this cause in stove boil slag, make blast wandering.If adopt first by low poor grade red soil nickel ore at rotary kiln baking, again magnetic concentration, sinter together with low poor grade red soil nickel ore, enter the method that molten blast furnace obtains nickelic molten iron again, then technically there is following difficulty: the temperature in rotary kiln baking controls, the control of magnetic separation stage metal recovery rate, the preparation of low poor grade red soil nickel ore and enrichment ore deposit ratio in Iron Ore Matching in Sintering operation, the control of slag type and the quantity of slag in molten blast furnace process.
Chinese patent application " a kind of method extracting iron and high-grade nickel iron alloy from red soil nickel ore " (application number: 200810143343.8, application publication number: CN101418359A) disclosed technical scheme is: after red soil nickel ore is pulverized, add carbonaceous reducing agent or composite additive, mix shaping after reducing roasting at the temperature of 900 DEG C ~ 1300 DEG C, nickel oxide in red soil nickel ore and iron oxide reduction are transformed into metallic nickel and metallic iron or martial ethiops, the reduced calcine obtained is after wet ball-milling, adopt weak magnetic magnetic concentration iron, obtain reduced iron powder or iron extract mine producation, weakly magnetic tailings obtains ferronickel rough concentrate through magnetic separation again, in order to improve the grade of nickel in Rhometal further, adopting acid treatment optionally to dissolve part iron (or iron cpd), finally can obtain the Rhometal that nickel grade is greater than 30%.The method remain defect be: the roasting sand restored directly through wet ball-milling, the doses of ball mill and visible ferronickel reduction amount of particles comparatively large, ball mill burden is heavier, and power consumption is higher; Adopt acid treatment to dissolve part iron and compound thereof, acid consumption is comparatively large, economical not.
Therefore, in current research and production, need one can produce thick Rhometal water by direct-reduction, slag type and composition are controlled, directly thick Rhometal crystal refining is prepared stainless method.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method adopting the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores; The method is that low poor grade red soil nickel ore is obtained enrichment ore deposit through reducing roasting, magnetic concentration, enrichment ore deposit mixes with low poor grade red soil nickel ore and sinters to scale afterwards, thus obtain nickelic High-iron-content Sinters, again nickelic High-iron-content Sinters is added blast furnace smelting, obtain nickelic molten iron.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Adopt a method for the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores, comprise the following steps:
Roasting reduction step:
Low poor grade red soil nickel ore is carried out roasting reduction process, obtains scum ore deposit;
Magnetic separation step:
Magnetic separation process is carried out in described scum ore deposit, obtains enrichment ore deposit and tailings;
Sintering step:
By regulation proportioning, low poor grade red soil nickel ore and described enrichment ore deposit are carried out sintering processes, obtain nickelic High-iron-content Sinters;
Melting step:
Described nickelic High-iron-content Sinters is carried out melting process, obtains described nickelic molten iron.
Aforesaid method preferred embodiment in, in described roasting reduction step, described roasting reduction process is carried out in rotary kiln.
Aforesaid method preferred embodiment in, in the roasting reduction process of described roasting reduction step, maturing temperature is 1000-1400 DEG C, be preferably 1250-1350 DEG C; Drop temperature is 900-1300 DEG C, is preferably 900-1050 DEG C.
Aforesaid method preferred embodiment in, in described roasting reduction step, the ratio of weight and number between the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing, flux, reduction carbon is 100:(2-6): (8-15).
Aforesaid method preferred embodiment in, in described magnetic separation step, described magnetic separation process comprises: pass through first time dry separation process, first break process, second break process, second time dry separation process, three-crushing process, the 4th road break process, third time dry separation process successively, obtains the scum ore deposit after three part enrichment ore deposits that three dry separation process filter out and third time dry separation; Then the scum ore deposit after this third time dry separation is carried out ball-milling processing, wet separation process and mining tailing process successively, obtain two portions enrichment ore deposit that wet separation and mining tailing process filter out; Collect described three part enrichment ore deposits and described two portions enrichment ore deposit;
Preferably, in the described magnetic separation process of described magnetic separation step, after described second break process, the granularity of the Iron-ore Slag obtained is below 15mm; After described 4th road break process, the granularity of the Iron-ore Slag obtained is below 5mm; More preferably, in the described magnetic separation process of described magnetic separation step, the magneticstrength of described first time dry separation process, second time dry separation process, third time dry separation process is 800 ~ 1200GS; In the described magnetic separation process of described magnetic separation step, in the scum ore deposit after described ball-milling processing, granularity is less than 200 object particles and accounts for more than 80% of particle total amount.
Aforesaid method preferred embodiment in, in the described magnetic separation process of described magnetic separation step, the MgO/SiO in described tailings
2mass ratio be 0.2-0.6, be preferably 0.3-0.4.
Aforesaid method preferred embodiment in, in the sintering processes of described sintering step, most high sintering temperature controls at 1200 ~ 1350 DEG C, and the time of sintering processes is 20min ~ 30min; Preferably, in the sintering processes of described sintering step, the ratio of weight and number between the described low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing, enrichment ore deposit, slag supplying agent, hard coal is 100:(65-150): (10-20): (5-8); More preferably, described slag supplying agent is unslaked lime.
Aforesaid method preferred embodiment in, the melting process of described melting step is carried out in blast furnace; In the melting process of described melting step, temperature is 1300-1500 DEG C, and the time is 3-5 hour; Preferably, in the melting process of described melting step, the described nickelic High-iron-content Sinters of employing and the ratio of weight and number of coke are 100:(15-25).
The object of the invention is to be realized by following another technical scheme:
Adopt a nickelic molten iron for low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores, to be arbitraryly preferred embodiment prepared from by the method for the nickelic molten iron of the low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores of above-mentioned employing or its.
Above-mentioned nickelic molten iron preferred embodiment in, the nickel point of described nickelic molten iron is greater than 8%.
Compared to existing technology, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, because the present invention is by the scum ore deposit after rotary kiln baking reduction, through the enrichment of magnetic separation step, remove a large amount of slags, so a large amount of for minimizing are entered slag, for blast furnace, the fuel of a large amount of unnecessary waste can be saved, reduce costs.
2, because enrichment ore deposit carries out joining ore deposit sintering by the present invention together with red soil nickel ore, send into again in blast furnace, solve the difficult problem that blast furnace can not produce nickelic molten iron, and for producing other techniques of nickelic molten iron both at home and abroad, significantly add the output of nickelic molten iron.
3, because production capacity of the present invention is high, heat energy is provided by fuel, does not need to adopt electric furnace, carries out so be particularly suitable for the poor area of some electric power.
4, the blast furnace gas in the present invention, the pressure reduction of generation can be used for generating electricity, less expensive.
5, act synergistically between each step and parameter due to of the present invention, thus can produce meet AOD furnace smelting stainless steel enter the nickelic molten iron that the nickelic hot metal composition of stove requires.
6, because each section of wider range in roasting reduction step of the present invention is general and adopt suitable material, very not harsh to temperature requirement, so the ring formation phenomenon in rotary kiln can be reduced: delay the ring formation time, reduce ring formation degree.
Embodiment
Adopt a method for the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores, comprise the following steps:
Step one, roasting reduction:
According to the alloying constituent requirement in the enrichment ore deposit entered needed for blast furnace, suitable flux and reduction carbon will be allocated in low poor grade red soil nickel ore into; Above-mentioned material is carried out roasting reduction process at rotary kiln, obtains scum ore deposit.
Ferronickel and slag is included in this scum ore deposit; This scum ore deposit is separated and obtains tailings and enrichment ore deposit after magnetic separation step afterwards;
In this low poor grade red soil nickel ore, nickel content be 1.5% ~ 2.3%, TFe (full iron) content between 14% ~ 22%, be preferably mass ratio >=10% of nickel and full iron;
Before firing, need to carry out drying and processing in advance, be 16% ~ 19% to water content to this low poor grade red soil nickel ore; Carry out sieving approach process again, to granularity≤3mm particle account for more than 80% of total number of particles, obtain the low poor grade red soil nickel ore after fragmentation;
In roasting reduction process, ratio of weight and number between low poor grade red soil nickel ore, flux, reduction carbon is 100:(2-6): (8-15) (exemplarily, can be arbitrary proportion in 100:2:8,100:6:8,100:2:15,100:6:15);
This flux is one or more in lime, rhombspar; Adding flux is in order to control slag type, nickel point, and adding reduction carbon is to ensure metallic reducing degree in low poor grade red soil nickel ore and magnetic, to ensure that the rate of recovery of nickel metal in enrichment ore deposit after magnetic separation is more than 90%; The rate of recovery of ferrous metal adjusts according to the conditions of demand of product nickel grade, can be controlled in 75 ~ 85%;
The account form of nickel metal recovery rate is: the Ni total metal content of the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of the Ni metal recovery rate=mass percentage of nickel metal (in the output tailings amount × tailings of the Ni total metal content-correspondence of the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of consumption)/consume;
The account form of the ferrous metal rate of recovery is: the Fe total metal content of the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of the Fe metal recovery rate=mass percentage of Fe metal (in the output tailings amount × tailings of the Fe total metal content-correspondence of the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of consumption)/consume;
If in above two formulas, the total amount of the red soil nickel ore of the low poor taste consumed, refer to the total amount of the red soil nickel ore of the low poor taste that rotary kiln reducing roasting uses, then corresponding output tailings amount refers to the tailings amount separated in magnetic separation step, and the rate of recovery now refers to the rate of recovery after rotary kiln for directly reducing after magnetic separation.
If in above two formulas, the total amount of the red soil nickel ore of the low poor taste consumed, refer to the total amount sum of the red soil nickel ore of the red soil nickel ore of the low poor taste that rotary kiln reducing roasting uses and the low poor taste of sintering use, then corresponding output tailings amount refers to the tailings amount and blast furnace smelting isolated tailings amount sum separated in magnetic separation step;
Slag type is controlled, even if the MgO/SiO in the tailings that obtains after magnetic separation process of the scum ore deposit obtained after roasting reduction process
2mass ratio be 0.2-0.6 (exemplarily, can be arbitrary value or scope between the two arbitrarily in 0.2,0.32,0.56,0.58,0.6 etc.), be preferably 0.3-0.4 (exemplarily, can be arbitrary value or scope between the two arbitrarily in 0.3,0.35,0.4 etc.);
In roasting reduction process, in rotary kiln, be followed successively by preheating zone (temperature is 300 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C) from kiln tail to temperature of kiln head, decompose transitional zone (temperature is 600 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C), high temperature reduction band (temperature is 1000 DEG C ~ 1400 DEG C), condensing zone (temperature is 1400 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C); Wherein, the maturing temperature of high temperature reduction band is preferably 1250 DEG C ~ 1350 DEG C, and the drop temperature of the condensing zone of kiln hood is preferably 1050 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C; Material enters into the time of kiln discharge at 5 ~ 6h from kiln tail, wherein material in the roasting time of high temperature reduction band at 40 ~ 60min.
In this step, each section of wider range is general, very not harsh to temperature requirement, can determine suitable maturing temperature according to material properties; The maturing temperature of high temperature reduction band, usually at 1000 DEG C ~ 1400 DEG C, so can reduce the ring formation phenomenon in rotary kiln: delay the ring formation time, reduces ring formation degree; Owing to have employed appropriate material in this step, the viscosity of this material reduces, fusing point reduces, the MgO/SiO after the scum ore deposit magnetic separation obtained in tailings
2mass ratio control at 0.2-0.6, so too fast ring formation can be avoided; Even if after ring formation of rotary kiln, by the adjustment fuel amount of allocating into, circle body can also be processed.
The strict temperature controlling kiln hood in this step, to ensure metallic reducing degree in laterite and magnetic; Nickel metal in red soil nickel ore is reduced completely substantially, and iron major part exists, with a small amount of iron simple substance with ferrous state.
Step 2, magnetic separation:
Magnetic separation process is carried out in scum ore deposit, be specially: absorption screening enrichment is carried out through first time dry separation process, first break process, second break process, second time dry separation process, three-crushing process, the 4th road break process, third time dry separation process successively in scum ore deposit, obtain the scum ore deposit after three part enrichment ore deposits that three dry separation filters out and dry separation for the third time; Then the scum ore deposit after this third time dry separation is carried out ball-milling processing, wet separation process and mining tailing process successively, obtain two portions enrichment ore deposit that wet separation and mining tailing filter out and tailings; Collect the above-mentioned enrichment filtered out mining in next step sintering processes.
Wherein, after second fragmentation, the granularity of the Iron-ore Slag obtained is below 15mm; After the 4th road fragmentation, the granularity of the Iron-ore Slag obtained is below 5mm; The magneticstrength of above-mentioned three dry separation is all at 800 ~ 1200GS; In the particle formed after the ball milling of above-mentioned remaining scum ore deposit, granularity be less than that 200 objects account for particle total amount more than 80%.
In this step, metal (iron, the nickel) rate of recovery >=85%, enrichment ore deposit metal content (namely ferronickel content) wherein >=50%;
Good magnetic separation effect can be reached after making the fragmentation of scum ore deposit, strictly will control the granularity of scum ore deposit particle and last magnetic separation effect, avoid metal to run tail;
A large amount of slags, through the enrichment of this step, is removed in scum ore deposit, so a large amount of enter slag by what reduce that sintering step and melting step produce, for blast furnace, the fuel of a large amount of unnecessary waste can be saved, reduce costs, reduce the State of Blast Furnace quantity of slag, be beneficial to the discharge of Rhometal water.
Step 3, sintering, the i.e. preparation of nickelic High-iron-content Sinters:
Get low poor grade red soil nickel ore 100 weight part, enrichment ore deposit 65 ~ 150 weight part, slag supplying agent 10 ~ 20 weight part, hard coal 5 ~ 8 weight part (such as: four can get 100 weight parts, 65 weight parts, 10 weight parts, 5 weight parts respectively; 100 weight parts, 150 weight parts, 20 weight parts, 8 weight parts; 100 weight parts, 65 weight parts, 20 weight parts, 5 weight parts; Arbitrary proportion in 100 weight parts, 150 weight parts, 10 weight parts, 8 weight parts), fully after mixing, carry out sintering processes, obtain nickelic High-iron-content Sinters.
Most high sintering temperature can reach 1200 DEG C ~ 1350 DEG C (exemplarily, can be arbitrary value or scope between the two arbitrarily in 1200 DEG C, 1250 DEG C, 1300 DEG C, 1320 DEG C, 1350 DEG C etc., be preferably 1280 DEG C), it is 20min ~ 30min (exemplarily, can be arbitrary value or any scope between the two in 20min, 23min, 25min, 28min, 30min etc.) that material sinters total time on chassis;
Before sintering, need to carry out drying and processing in advance, be 16% ~ 19% to moisture to this low poor grade red soil nickel ore; Carry out sieving approach process again, to granularity≤3mm particle account for more than 80% of total number of particles, obtain the low poor grade red soil nickel ore after fragmentation;
Above-mentioned slag supplying agent is preferably unslaked lime;
Nickel content in above-mentioned nickelic High-iron-content Sinters is 3.5 ~ 4.5%.
Step 4, melting:
According to component requirements and the equipment capacity situation of required nickelic molten iron, by nickelic High-iron-content Sinters 100 weight part, coke 14 ~ 20 weight part (such as: the two can get 100 weight parts respectively, 14 weight parts, 100 weight parts, 15 weight parts, 100 weight parts, 18 weight parts, 100 weight parts, arbitrary proportion in 20 weight parts), to send in blast furnace in 1300-1500 DEG C (exemplarily with hoisting trolley, can be 1300 DEG C, 1350 DEG C, 1400 DEG C, 1450 DEG C, scope in 1500 DEG C between any number or any number) carry out melting process 3-5 hour (exemplarily, it can be 3 hours, 3.5 hour, 4 hours, 4.5 hour, scope in 5 hours between any number or any number), obtain nickelic molten iron and slag.
The nickel point of this nickelic molten iron is greater than 8% (nickel point: refer in the ferronickel water produced, the ratio shared by nickel, namely nickel content, the nickel grade of ferronickel, represent with percentage ratio, be generally and be more than or equal to 8.0%)
Above method, because content of MgO is higher in the low poor grade red soil nickel ore in raw material, therefore ensures that in slag, ternary basicity controls more than 0.7; Meanwhile, if dual alkalinity is more excellent 0.8 ~ 1.25.
Afterwards, the nickelic molten iron of releasing is loaded iron ladle, with traveling crane toward hot metal mixer isothermal holding or be sent to refining treatment.
Because above method production capacity is high, heat energy is provided by fuel, does not need to adopt electric furnace, carries out so be particularly suitable for the poor area of some electric power; Acting synergistically between each step and parameter of above method, thus can produce meet AOD furnace smelting stainless steel enter the nickelic molten iron that the nickelic hot metal composition of stove requires.
In prior art, the major cause can not producing nickelic molten iron with blast furnace is: the laterite producing high ferronickel at present both at home and abroad all belongs to low-grade laterite nickel ore, amount of metal is lower, that is direct by these ore deposits according to sintering---blast furnace technology enters the words of stove, the quantity of slag in blast furnace will inevitably be made to increase, be easy to like this cause in stove boil slag, make blast wandering.And in above method, utilizing calcined by rotary kiln, the enrichment ore deposit after magnetic separation participates in batching sintering, enters stove, effectively reduces the quantity of slag, this problem is resolved.
There is the technology point of following key in above method, need to control emphatically: 1. in step one, the maturing temperature forming the scum ore deposit stage at rotary kiln baking preferably controls at 1250 DEG C ~ 1350 DEG C, utilizes the control de-iron collection nickel of temperature; 2. in step 2, the magnetic separation stage will ensure metal recovery rate >=85%, enrichment ore deposit metal content (namely ferronickel content) wherein >=50%; 3., in step 3, the allocation ratio of enrichment ore deposit and low poor grade red soil nickel ore in Iron Ore Matching in Sintering operation, is mainly determined; 4., in step 4, blast-furnace smelting will control slag type, the quantity of slag well.
Compare Chinese patent application " a kind of method extracting iron and high-grade nickel iron alloy from red soil nickel ore " (application number: 200810143343.8, application publication number: CN101418359A) in extracting method, method of the present invention has the following advantages: in the technical scheme of 1. CN101418359A, the roasting sand restored is directly through wet ball-milling; And the present invention be first through dry-dressing machine carry out several be separated after material send into ball milling again, this step effectively can reduce the doses and visible ferronickel reduction particle that enter ball mill, for ball mill Reduction of Students' Study Load, reduce power consumption (ball mill power is all larger); 2. the enrichment ore deposit after magnetic separation is together participated in sintering with red soil nickel ore by the present invention, agglomerate is sent into blast-furnace smelting, compares acid leaching process, have the advantage that output is large; 3. the nickelic molten iron product of blast furnace output of the present invention heat can deliver to next step operation, without the need to remelting, and energy efficient; 4. the present invention's coal consumption instead of acid consumption, less expensive; The differential pressure power generation of blast furnace gas of the present invention is more economical.
Reaction principle of the present invention is as follows:
The reductibility of oxide compound is under equality of temperature, and linear position is in lower element, and easily by the Reduction of Oxide on its top out, namely its oxide compound is more stable, and that is in melting temperature range, the reduction sequence of oxide compound is nickel, iron, silicon.
The oxygen level of ferriferous oxide is changed to lower oxyde step by step by higher oxide, and when temperature is greater than 570 DEG C, its change order is: Fe
2o
3→ Fe
3o
4→ Fe
xo → Fe;
(1), in step one, the reaction formula of roasting reduction is as follows:
NiO+C＝Ni+CO，
3Fe2O3+C＝2Fe3O4+CO，
2Fe3O4+2C＝6FeO+2CO，
FeO+C＝Fe+CO；
(2), in step 2, the mechanism of ferro-nickel product enrichment is:
Ferrous or iron, nickel are all magnetic, and fragmentation (different steps particle size after cracking is different) is carried out in the scum ore deposit first gone out by magnetization reduction in enrichment process, then adopts permanent magnet (or electro-magnet) to carry out absorption to it and screens enrichment.
(3) in step 3, the sintering mechanism of nickelic High-iron-content Sinters:
NiO+C＝Ni+CO，
3Fe2O3+C＝2Fe3O4+CO，
2Fe3O4+2C＝6FeO+2CO，
(4), in step 4, the reaction formula that the thick ferronickel of blast furnace smelting is produced is as follows:
NiO+C＝Ni+CO，
FeO+C＝Fe+CO，
SiO2+2C＝Si+2CO；
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to this.
The main experimental equipment used in following examples of the present invention has: conventional inclined type rotary rotary kiln, PE500 × 750 jaw crusher, RCYD-10T permanent-magnetic iron expeller, Ф 3600 × 5500 ball mill, CTB-1230 magnetic separator, the 75m of calcination rotary kiln to be specification be Ф 3.6 × 72m
2sinter machine (utilization coefficient 0.85), 189m
3blast furnace (utilization coefficient 2.8).
In following examples 1-4, low poor grade red soil nickel ore composition is:
TFe：14，Ni：1.5，MgO:18，SiO
2：45.94，CaO：1.2，AL
2O
3：2.24,H
2O:17.12。
Embodiment 1:
(1) roasting reduction: get low poor grade red soil nickel ore 100 weight part, drying to water content is 16% ~ 19%, and what be crushed to the particle of granularity≤3mm accounts for more than 80% of total number of particles; Allocate Wingdale 2 weight part again into, reduction carbon 15 weight part; In rotary kiln, carry out roasting reduction process, wherein, preheating zone temperature is 500 DEG C, decompose that transitional zone temperature is 1000 DEG C, high temperature reduction band temperature is 1350 DEG C, the drop temperature of condensing zone (kiln hood) is 1150 DEG C, obtain scum ore deposit.
(2) magnetic separation: magnetic concentration is carried out in above-mentioned scum ore deposit, to obtain selected enrichment ore deposit, concrete magnetic concentration process is as follows:
First adopt self-unloading permanent-magnetic iron expeller to carry out first time dry separation to scum ore deposit supplied materials, be separated the scum ore deposit after obtaining first part's enrichment ore deposit and first time dry separation;
First is broken and second is broken to be adopted in scum ore deposit after this first time dry separation crusher to carry out successively, and obtain the material after twice fragmentation, its granularity reaches below 15mm;
Then adopt electric magnetic iron remover that above-mentioned material after twice fragmentation is carried out second time dry separation, be separated the scum ore deposit after obtaining second section enrichment ore deposit and second time dry separation;
Again adopt crusher to carry out double fragmentation in the scum ore deposit after this second time dry separation again, i.e. three-crushing and the fragmentation of the 4th road, obtain the material after three, four road fragmentations, its granularity is at below 5mm;
Afterwards again by this material after three, four road fragmentations, carry out third time dry separation through permanent magnetic wheels and be separated further to make slag iron, obtain the scum ore deposit after Part III enrichment ore deposit and third time dry separation;
Then ball mill ball milling is sent in the scum ore deposit after this third time dry separation, ore grinding to granularity is less than 200 object particles and accounts for more than 80% of particle total amount, obtains the scum ore deposit after ball milling;
Again the scum ore deposit after this ball milling is sent in magnetic separator and carry out wet separation, obtain the scum ore deposit after the 4th part enrichment ore deposit and wet separation;
Again the scum ore deposit after described wet separation is entered refuse ore reclaiming machine afterwards and carry out last metal recovery, obtain slag inclusion ferronickel powder, be i.e. Part V enrichment ore deposit, remaining is tailings, MgO/SiO in tailings
2=0.38;
Collect above-mentioned five part enrichment ore deposits as selected enrichment ore deposit, for next step.
In above-mentioned three dry separation process, magneticstrength is followed successively by 800GS, 900GS, 1000GS;
In this enrichment ore deposit, ferronickel content is 55%, and the ferrous metal rate of recovery is 83%, and nickel metal recovery rate is 96%;
Wherein, the composition in enrichment ore deposit is:
TFe48.49，Ni6.61，SiO
213，CaO5.9，MgO4.8，AL
2O
33.6，Gr
2O
33.2。
(3) sinter: adopt low-grade laterite nickel ore 100 weight part, enrichment ore deposit 85 weight part, unslaked lime 18 weight part, hard coal 8 weight part carries out sintering processes, most high sintering temperature is 1280 DEG C, and sintering total time is 22min, obtains nickelic High-iron-content Sinters.
Nickelic High-iron-content Sinters composition is:
TFe40.67，Ni4.17，SiO
226.24，CaO15.32，MgO5.28，AL
2O
33.36，Gr
2O
31.71。
(4) melting: nickelic High-iron-content Sinters 100 weight part, coke 24 weight part are sent into blast furnace and carried out melting process, and smelting time is 4.5h, and smelting temperature, at 1450 DEG C, obtains nickelic molten iron and slag.
The ternary basicity of slag is 0.74, the thick ferronickel composition (i.e. the composition of nickelic molten iron) obtained and slag composition as following table 1, table 2.
(5) the nickelic molten iron will released loads iron ladle, with traveling crane toward hot metal mixer isothermal holding or be sent to refining treatment.
Embodiment 2:
(1) roasting reduction: get low poor grade red soil nickel ore 100 weight part, drying to water content is 16% ~ 19%, and what be crushed to the particle of granularity≤3mm accounts for more than 80% of total number of particles; Allocate Wingdale 3 weight part again into, reduction carbon 14 weight part; In rotary kiln, carry out roasting reduction process, wherein, preheating zone temperature is 400 DEG C, decompose that transitional zone temperature is 850 DEG C, high temperature reduction band temperature is 1300 DEG C, the drop temperature of condensing zone (kiln hood) is 1100 DEG C, obtain scum ore deposit;
(2) magnetic separation: magnetic concentration is carried out in above-mentioned scum ore deposit, to obtain selected enrichment ore deposit, concrete magnetic concentration process is as follows:
First adopt self-unloading permanent-magnetic iron expeller to carry out first time dry separation to scum ore deposit supplied materials, be separated the scum ore deposit after obtaining first part's enrichment ore deposit and first time dry separation;
First is broken and second is broken to be adopted in scum ore deposit after this first time dry separation crusher to carry out successively, and obtain the material after twice fragmentation, its granularity reaches below 15mm;
Then adopt electric magnetic iron remover that above-mentioned material after twice fragmentation is carried out second time dry separation, be separated the scum ore deposit after obtaining second section enrichment ore deposit and second time dry separation;
Again adopt crusher to carry out double fragmentation in the scum ore deposit after this second time dry separation again, i.e. three-crushing and the fragmentation of the 4th road, obtain the material after three, four road fragmentations, its granularity is at below 5mm;
Afterwards again by this material after three, four road fragmentations, carry out third time dry separation through permanent magnetic wheels and be separated further to make slag iron, obtain the scum ore deposit after Part III enrichment ore deposit and third time dry separation;
Then ball mill ball milling is sent in the scum ore deposit after this third time dry separation, ore grinding to granularity is less than 200 object particles and accounts for more than 80% of particle total amount, obtains the scum ore deposit after ball milling;
Again the scum ore deposit after this ball milling is sent in magnetic separator and carry out wet separation, obtain the scum ore deposit after the 4th part enrichment ore deposit and wet separation;
Again the scum ore deposit after described wet separation is entered refuse ore reclaiming machine afterwards and carry out last metal recovery, obtain slag inclusion ferronickel powder, be i.e. Part V enrichment ore deposit, remaining is tailings, MgO/SiO2=0.39 in tailings;
Collect above-mentioned five part enrichment ore deposits as selected enrichment ore deposit, for next step.
In above-mentioned three dry separation process, magneticstrength is followed successively by 800GS, 900GS, 1000GS;
In this enrichment ore deposit, ferronickel content is 55%, and the ferrous metal rate of recovery is 83%, and nickel metal recovery rate is 96%;
Wherein, the composition in enrichment ore deposit is:
TFe48.49，Ni6.61，SiO
213，CaO5.9，MgO4.8，AL
2O
33.6，Gr
2O
33.2。
(3) sinter: adopt low-grade laterite nickel ore 100 weight part, enrichment ore deposit 100 weight part, unslaked lime 23 weight part, hard coal 9 weight part carries out sintering processes, most high sintering temperature is 1280 DEG C, and sintering total time is 25min, obtains nickelic High-iron-content Sinters.
Nickelic High-iron-content Sinters composition is:
TFe41.6，Ni4.32，SiO
225.18，CaO15.2，MgO5.11，AL
2O
33.12，Gr
2O
31.71。
(4) melting: nickelic higher-grade is sent into blast furnace 100 weight part, coke 23 weight part is sent into blast furnace and is carried out melting process, and smelting time is 4.0h, and smelting temperature, at 1400 DEG C, obtains nickelic molten iron and slag.
The ternary basicity of slag is 0.74, the thick ferronickel composition (i.e. the composition of nickelic molten iron) obtained and slag composition as following table 1, table 2.
(5) the nickelic molten iron will released loads iron ladle, with traveling crane toward hot metal mixer isothermal holding or be sent to refining treatment.
Embodiment 3:
(1) roasting reduction: get low poor grade red soil nickel ore 100 weight part, drying to water content is 16% ~ 19%, and what be crushed to the particle of granularity≤3mm accounts for more than 80% of total number of particles; Allocate Wingdale 2 weight part again into, reduction carbon 13 weight part; In rotary kiln, carry out roasting reduction process, wherein, preheating zone temperature is 400 DEG C, decompose that transitional zone temperature is 800 DEG C, high temperature reduction band temperature is 1250 DEG C, the drop temperature of condensing zone (kiln hood) is 1050 DEG C, obtain scum ore deposit.
(2) magnetic separation: magnetic concentration is carried out in above-mentioned scum ore deposit, to obtain selected enrichment ore deposit, concrete magnetic concentration process is as follows:
First adopt self-unloading permanent-magnetic iron expeller to carry out first time dry separation to scum ore deposit supplied materials, be separated the scum ore deposit after obtaining first part's enrichment ore deposit and first time dry separation;
First is broken and second is broken to be adopted in scum ore deposit after this first time dry separation crusher to carry out successively, and obtain the material after twice fragmentation, its granularity reaches below 15mm;
Then adopt electric magnetic iron remover that above-mentioned material after twice fragmentation is carried out second time dry separation, be separated the scum ore deposit after obtaining second section enrichment ore deposit and second time dry separation;
Again adopt crusher to carry out double fragmentation in the scum ore deposit after this second time dry separation again, i.e. three-crushing and the fragmentation of the 4th road, obtain the material after three, four road fragmentations, its granularity is at below 5mm;
Afterwards again by this material after three, four road fragmentations, carry out third time dry separation through permanent magnetic wheels and be separated further to make slag iron, obtain the scum ore deposit after Part III enrichment ore deposit and third time dry separation;
Then ball mill ball milling is sent in the scum ore deposit after this third time dry separation, ore grinding to granularity is less than 200 object particles and accounts for more than 80% of particle total amount, obtains the scum ore deposit after ball milling;
Again the scum ore deposit after this ball milling is sent in magnetic separator and carry out wet separation, obtain the scum ore deposit after the 4th part enrichment ore deposit and wet separation;
Again the scum ore deposit after described wet separation is entered refuse ore reclaiming machine afterwards and carry out last metal recovery, obtain slag inclusion ferronickel powder, be i.e. Part V enrichment ore deposit, remaining is tailings, MgO/SiO2=0.38 in tailings;
Collect above-mentioned five part enrichment ore deposits as selected enrichment ore deposit, for next step.
In above-mentioned three dry separation process, magneticstrength is followed successively by 900GS, 1000GS, 1100GS;
In this enrichment ore deposit, ferronickel content is 50%, and the ferrous metal rate of recovery is 82%, and nickel metal recovery rate is 95%;
Wherein, the composition in enrichment ore deposit is:
TFe43.08，Ni5.92，SiO
212.7，CaO6.12，MgO4.8，AL
2O
33.6，Gr
2O
33.2。
(3) sinter: adopt low-grade laterite nickel ore 100 weight part, enrichment ore deposit 110 weight part, unslaked lime 25 weight part, hard coal 10 weight part carries out sintering processes, most high sintering temperature is 1280 DEG C, and sintering total time is 25min, obtains nickelic High-iron-content Sinters.
Nickelic High-iron-content Sinters composition is:
TFe38.33，Ni4.22，SiO
226.16，CaO18.95，MgO6.73，AL
2O
33.2,Gr
2O
31.85。
(4) melting: nickelic High-iron-content Sinters 100 weight part, coke 22 weight part are sent into blast furnace and carried out melting process, and smelting time is 3.5h, and smelting temperature, at 1400 DEG C, obtains nickelic molten iron and slag.
The ternary basicity of slag is 0.79, the thick ferronickel composition (i.e. the composition of nickelic molten iron) obtained and slag composition as following table 1, table 2.
(5) the nickelic molten iron will released loads iron ladle, with traveling crane toward hot metal mixer isothermal holding or be sent to refining treatment.
Embodiment 4:
(1) roasting reduction: get low poor grade red soil nickel ore 100 weight part, drying to water content is 16% ~ 19%, and what be crushed to the particle of granularity≤3mm accounts for more than 80% of total number of particles; Allocate Wingdale 2 weight part again into, reduction carbon 12 weight part; In rotary kiln, carry out roasting reduction process, wherein, preheating zone temperature is 350 DEG C, decompose that transitional zone temperature is 750 DEG C, high temperature reduction band temperature is 1200 DEG C, the drop temperature of condensing zone (kiln hood) is 1000 DEG C, obtain scum ore deposit.
(2) magnetic separation: magnetic concentration is carried out in above-mentioned scum ore deposit, to obtain selected enrichment ore deposit, concrete magnetic concentration process is as follows:
First adopt self-unloading permanent-magnetic iron expeller to carry out first time dry separation to scum ore deposit supplied materials, be separated the scum ore deposit after obtaining first part's enrichment ore deposit and first time dry separation;
First is broken and second is broken to be adopted in scum ore deposit after this first time dry separation crusher to carry out successively, and obtain the material after twice fragmentation, its granularity reaches below 15mm;
Then adopt electric magnetic iron remover that above-mentioned material after twice fragmentation is carried out second time dry separation, be separated the scum ore deposit after obtaining second section enrichment ore deposit and second time dry separation;
Again adopt crusher to carry out double fragmentation in the scum ore deposit after this second time dry separation again, i.e. three-crushing and the fragmentation of the 4th road, obtain the material after three, four road fragmentations, its granularity is at below 5mm;
Afterwards again by this material after three, four road fragmentations, carry out third time dry separation through permanent magnetic wheels and be separated further to make slag iron, obtain the scum ore deposit after Part III enrichment ore deposit and third time dry separation;
Then ball mill ball milling is sent in the scum ore deposit after this third time dry separation, ore grinding to granularity is less than 200 object particles and accounts for more than 80% of particle total amount, obtains the scum ore deposit after ball milling;
Again the scum ore deposit after this ball milling is sent in magnetic separator and carry out wet separation, obtain the scum ore deposit after the 4th part enrichment ore deposit and wet separation;
Again the scum ore deposit after described wet separation is entered refuse ore reclaiming machine afterwards and carry out last metal recovery, obtain slag inclusion ferronickel powder, be i.e. Part V enrichment ore deposit, remaining is tailings, MgO/SiO2=0.38 in tailings;
Collect above-mentioned five part enrichment ore deposits as selected enrichment ore deposit, for next step.
In above-mentioned three dry separation process, magneticstrength is followed successively by 1000GS, 1000GS, 1000GS;
In this enrichment ore deposit, ferronickel content is 50%, and the ferrous metal rate of recovery is 82%, and nickel metal recovery rate is 95%;
Wherein, the composition in enrichment ore deposit is:
TFe43.08,Ni5.92，SiO
212.7，CaO6.12，MgO4.8，AL
2O
33.6，Gr
2O
33.2。
(3) sinter: adopt low-grade laterite nickel ore 100 weight part, enrichment ore deposit 120 weight part, unslaked lime 20 weight part, hard coal 10 weight part carries out sintering processes, most high sintering temperature is 1320 DEG C, and sintering total time is 25min, obtains nickelic High-iron-content Sinters.
Nickelic High-iron-content Sinters composition is:
TFe39.1，Ni4.36，SiO
226.05，CaO17.17，MgO5.98，AL
2O
33.12，Gr
2O
31.71。
(4) melting: nickelic High-iron-content Sinters 100 weight part, coke 22 weight part are sent into blast furnace and carried out melting process, and smelting time is 3h, and smelting temperature, at 1400 DEG C, obtains nickelic molten iron and slag.
The ternary basicity of slag is 0.70, the thick ferronickel composition (i.e. the composition of nickelic molten iron) obtained and slag composition as following table 1, table 2.
(5) the nickelic molten iron will released loads iron ladle, with traveling crane toward hot metal mixer isothermal holding or be sent to refining treatment.
The thick ferronickel water (i.e. the composition of nickelic molten iron) that example 1-4 obtains and slag composition respectively as table 1, shown in table 2:
The thick ferronickel product ingredient (wt%) that table 1 embodiment 1-4 obtains
| Embodiment | C | Si | P | S | Gr | Ni | Fe | Other inevitable impurity |
| 1 | 5.1 | 0.3 | 0.023 | 0.17 | 5.89 | 9.36 | 79.43 | 0.237 |
| 2 | 4.3 | 1.03 | 0.020 | 0.15 | 3.37 | 9.56 | 81.75 | 0.03 |
| 3 | 6.3 | 0.9 | 0.045 | 0.10 | 6.21 | 9.51 | 78.52 | 0.555 |
| 4 | 5.53 | 1.2 | 0.034 | 0.13 | 4.67 | 9.43 | 80.01 | 0.446 |
The main component (wt%) of table 2 slag
| Embodiment | CaO | MgO | SiO 2 | Gr2O3 | Al 2O 3 | TFe | Ni |
| 1 | 29.25 | 10.3 | 53.4 | 2.1 | 2.70 | 2.01 | 0.15 |
| 2 | 28.7 | 11.4 | 52.04 | 1.98 | 3.9 | 1.87 | 0.13 |
| 3 | 30.5 | 11.2 | 51.66 | 1.18 | 3.1 | 1.97 | 0.16 |
| 4 | 29.7 | 11.24 | 52.51 | 1.33 | 2.01 | 2.03 | 0.18 |
In slag, except the main component in upper table, also comprise the oxide compound (as the oxide compound of iron and the oxide compound of nickel) of other metal on a small quantity and the impurity on a small quantity containing P, S.
Following table 3 gives in actual production, adopt the thick ferronickel water of the production of embodiment 1-4 agglomerate, the amount of allocating in enrichment ore deposit, the day output of ferronickel water and line-item costs etc., and contrast with existing RKEF method, to illustrate that the present invention can reduce a ton production cost for ferronickel water greatly.
Wherein, the cost of following material is respectively: ferronickel adds up to 3800 yuan than the enrichment ore deposit being 50% unit price per ton, ferronickel adds up to 4000 yuan (comprising all charges of calcination rotary kiln magnetizing roasting and magnetic concentration) than the enrichment ore deposit being 55% unit price per ton, and agglomerate unit price per ton adds up to 886 yuan (comprising all charges of sintering).Low poor grade red soil nickel ore unit price per ton adds up to 450 yuan, and blue charcoal reductive agent unit price per ton adds up to 970 yuan, and coke unit price per ton adds up to 1200 yuan, and power consumption often spends 0.6 yuan.In table 3, unit consumption is a ton ferronickel unit consumption.
The Cost comparisons of the different ferronickel water producing method of table 3
Claims (10)
1. adopt a method for the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
Roasting reduction step:
Low poor grade red soil nickel ore is carried out roasting reduction process, obtains scum ore deposit;
Magnetic separation step:
Magnetic separation process is carried out in described scum ore deposit, obtains enrichment ore deposit and tailings;
Sintering step:
By regulation proportioning, low poor grade red soil nickel ore and described enrichment ore deposit are carried out sintering processes, obtain nickelic High-iron-content Sinters;
Melting step:
Described nickelic High-iron-content Sinters is carried out melting process, obtains described nickelic molten iron.
2. adopt the method for the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described roasting reduction step, described roasting reduction process is carried out in rotary kiln.
3. according to claim 1 or 2, adopt the method for the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores, it is characterized in that: in the roasting reduction process of described roasting reduction step, maturing temperature is 1000-1400 DEG C, is preferably 1250-1350 DEG C; Drop temperature is 900-1300 DEG C, is preferably 900-1050 DEG C.
4. according to claim 1 or 2, adopt the method for the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores, it is characterized in that: in described roasting reduction step, the ratio of weight and number between the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing, flux, reduction carbon is 100:(2-6): (8-15).
5. adopt the method for the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described magnetic separation step, described magnetic separation process comprises: described scum ore deposit passes through first time dry separation process, first break process, second break process, second time dry separation process, three-crushing process, the 4th road break process, third time dry separation process successively, obtains the scum ore deposit after three part enrichment ore deposits that three dry separation process filter out and third time dry separation; Then the scum ore deposit after described third time dry separation is carried out ball-milling processing, wet separation process and mining tailing process successively, obtain two portions enrichment ore deposit that wet separation and mining tailing process filter out; Collect described three part enrichment ore deposits and described two portions enrichment ore deposit;
Preferably, in the described magnetic separation process of described magnetic separation step, after described second break process, the granularity of the Iron-ore Slag obtained is below 15mm; After described 4th road break process, the granularity of the Iron-ore Slag obtained is below 5mm.
More preferably, in the described magnetic separation process of described magnetic separation step, the magneticstrength of described first time dry separation process, second time dry separation process, third time dry separation process is 800 ~ 1200GS; In the described magnetic separation process of described magnetic separation step, in the scum ore deposit after described ball-milling processing, granularity is less than 200 object particles and accounts for more than 80% of particle total amount.
6. adopt the method for the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in the described magnetic separation process of described magnetic separation step, the MgO/SiO in described tailings
2mass ratio be 0.2-0.6, be preferably 0.3-0.4.
7. adopt the method for the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
In the sintering processes of described sintering step, most high sintering temperature is 1200 ~ 1350 DEG C, and the sintering processes time is 20min ~ 30min; Preferably, in the sintering processes of described sintering step, the ratio of weight and number between the described low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing, enrichment ore deposit, slag supplying agent, hard coal is 100:(65-150): (10-20): (5-8); More preferably, described slag supplying agent is unslaked lime.
8. adopt the method for the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The melting process of described melting step is carried out in blast furnace;
In the melting process of described melting step, temperature is 1300-1500 DEG C, and the time is 3-5 hour;
Preferably, in the melting process of described melting step, the described nickelic High-iron-content Sinters of employing and the ratio of weight and number of coke are 100:(15-25).
9. adopt a nickelic molten iron for low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores, it is characterized in that: be prepared from by the method for the nickelic molten iron of the low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores of the arbitrary described employing of claim 1-8.
10. adopt the nickelic molten iron of low poor grade smelting laterite-nickel ores according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: the nickel point of described nickelic molten iron is greater than 8%.
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| CN112961979A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-15 | 广东广青金属科技有限公司 | Method for comprehensively recovering waste lump ore in laterite-nickel ore |
| CN115369211A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-11-22 | 李玉峰 | Method for enriching nickel by using AOD furnace |
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