CN105458506A - Laser welding tool for thin wall complex surface cabin body and molding method - Google Patents
Laser welding tool for thin wall complex surface cabin body and molding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105458506A CN105458506A CN201510864041.XA CN201510864041A CN105458506A CN 105458506 A CN105458506 A CN 105458506A CN 201510864041 A CN201510864041 A CN 201510864041A CN 105458506 A CN105458506 A CN 105458506A
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- laser
- cabin body
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- welding
- weld
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/28—Seam welding of curved planar seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser welding tool for a thin wall complex surface cabin body and a molding method, in particular to the laser welding tool suitable for the thin wall complex surface cabin body and the welding molding method of the laser welding tool and aims at providing the laser welding tool for the thin wall complex surface cabin body and the cabin body molding method. The tool and the method solve the problems that by means of an existing method, the machining cycle is long, the material utilization rate is low, production efficiency is low, cost is high and adaptability is poor. The laser welding tool for the thin wall complex surface cabin body comprises a bearing frame body, wrap belt assemblies and front and rear cover plates (1 and 2). The bearing frame body is used for fixing a cabin body (3). The wrap belt assemblies comprise wrap belts (4) and connecting pieces. The wrap belts are provided with locating through holes (5). The cover plates are provided with gas through holes (7). The thin wall complex surface cabin body molding method adopting the tool includes the steps of cleaning treatment, framework mounting, teaching programming, skin mounting, laser locating and welding, wrap belt assembly detaching and laser continuous welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding tooling and welding shaping method thereof of metal material, particularly relate to a kind of the laser weld frock and the welding shaping method thereof that are applicable to thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body.
Background technology
Contemporary aircraft is towards high Mach, long flight time future development, and require that Flight Vehicle Structure has good high temperature bearing capacity and high temperature endurance performance, this has higher requirement to the use material of aircraft.A kind of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body is the critical component on certain type product, as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, wherein Fig. 3 is the structural representation of postwelding cabin body to its structure, and Fig. 1 is skeleton structure schematic diagram before weldering, Fig. 2 is stressed-skin construction schematic diagram before weldering, is welded to by covering on skeleton and can obtains cabin body.
For this spatial complex curved surface thin-walled section structure with internal stiffeners, if adopt the overall mechanical machine-shaping of forging, so have that stock utilization is very low, the process-cycle long, high in cost of production shortcoming; If employing vacuum electron beam welding, there is bad adaptability, inefficiency, shortcoming that cost is high; And adopt arc welding, then exist difficulty large, be out of shape wayward, that welding quality is unstable shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the laser weld frock of a kind of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body, the laser weld forming method of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body is provided simultaneously, solves the process-cycle existed in the body formed method in existing thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin long, the problem such as stock utilization is low, production efficiency is low, cost is high, bad adaptability.
The laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, comprise supporting support body, band assembly, front shroud and back shroud, described supporting support body is used for fixing thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body, described band assembly comprises band and connector, the two ends of band are respectively fixed with a described connector, band offers positioning through hole, connector is used for connecting band and supporting support body, before described, back shroud is equipped with a hoop sealing ring, before, back shroud is used for fixing respectively before the body of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin, on rear board, hoop sealing ring is arranged towards cabin body, cover plate is provided with gas via-hole.
The laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, wherein said supporting support body comprises pedestal and supporting base, described pedestal comprises base plate, base plate is fixed with two front columns and two rear columns, front beam is connected with between two front columns, rear cross beam is connected with between two rear columns, front and back crossbeam is equipped with waist through hole, the each screw thread in relative both sides of described base plate is fixed with a gag lever post, described gag lever post is between the column of front and back, the side of each column is equipped with a journal stirrup, journal stirrup offers the first through hole, described supporting base comprises lower shoe and top panel, lower shoe is connected by two side plates with top panel, lower shoe both sides are respectively provided with second through hole, the both sides of described second through hole are respectively provided with a third through-hole, first, three through holes are all used for being connected with described connector, supporting base assigns on gag lever post by the second through hole, described front and back column is fixed with respectively front limit block and rear limited block, in described waist through hole, caging bolt is installed, described caging bolt is used for being fixed on by thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body on supporting support body.
The laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, wherein said forward and backward cover plate is fixed on respectively by hook bolt assembly in the front and back panels of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body, described hook bolt assembly comprises hook bolt, long cylinder nut and swing arm, described hook bolt is a L-type part, it comprises screw rod and hook, described hook is provided with protruding block, described long cylinder nut is a tube-like piece, its inner surface is provided with screw thread, the end of long cylinder nut is provided with a through hole, and described through hole is used for installing swing arm.
The laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, wherein said connector is eyelet bolt and fastening bolt, the two ends of described band are female end and form ring set, described eyelet bolt is rod like parts, the upper end of eyelet bolt is provided with and axially vertical connecting hole, lower end is provided with screw thread, and eyelet bolt is fixed on the female end of band through connecting hole and ring set by described fastening bolt.
The laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, wherein said front shroud is provided with gas via-hole.
The laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, wherein said gag lever post is rod-like element, and it is fixedly connected sequentially by cylinder, hexagon step, step cutting pattern and stud and forms.
The laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, on the base plate of wherein said pedestal, screw thread is fixed with hanging bolt.
The forming method utilizing above-mentioned frock laser weld thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) the cabin body covering after thermoforming and the clean cotton of skeleton are wiped the greasy dirt on surface, the oxide skin on surface is removed until the metallic luster of surface presentation light again with fine sandpaper polishing, adopt mixed acid solution to carry out soaking 3min ~ 5min to cabin body covering and cabin body skeleton after polishing and remove residual oxide skin, the residual acid solution on cabin body covering and cabin body skeleton is removed with clear water after immersion, clean cabin body covering and cabin body skeleton with ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, cleaning is dried stand-by again;
(2) assemble cabin body skeleton, comprise following sub-step:
(2.1) gag lever post is fixed on pedestal, then the cylinder the second through hole on supporting base being passed gag lever post upper end is placed on above gag lever post, cabin body skeleton is placed on above the front and back column on pedestal, front limit block, rear limited block are separately fixed in the forward and backward both ends of the surface of pedestal, moving forward and backward of restriction cabin body; Two caging bolts are each passed through waist through hole forward and backward crossbeam from cabin body inside and fastening restriction cabin body movable;
(2.2) use hook bolt assembly to be fixed on by front shroud on the front panel of cabin body, the hoop sealing ring on front shroud contacts with front panel;
(2.3) use hook bolt assembly to be fixed on by back shroud on the rear board of cabin body, the hoop sealing ring on back shroud contacts with rear board;
(3) teach programming step:
Before covering covering, carry out teach programming to the weld seam that need weld, program path need ensure the center of laser walking path at cabin body skeleton reinforcement, and laser weld rifle head wants consistent from the vertical range of cabin body skeleton reinforcement;
(4) covering step is installed:
After teach programming completes, cabin body covering is placed in the sagging place above the body skeleton of cabin, the band of four band assemblies and cabin body covering are fitted tightly, the eyelet bolt at two pieces band assembly two ends is each passed through the first through hole, the eyelet bolt at two pieces band assembly two ends is each passed through third through-hole in addition, be screwed into above the eyelet bolt of band assembly respectively with eight nuts afterwards, make cabin body skeleton and covering close contact gap be less than 0.2mm nut screwing clamping with instrument;
(5) laser positioning welding, comprises following sub-step:
(5.1) argon gas is passed into body inside, cabin by the gas via-hole in front shroud, inflation 5min before starting by welding;
(5.2) be connected cabin body covering with cabin body skeleton periphery the seam banjo fixing butt jointing positioning welding at position, laser is irradiated on surface, cabin by the positioning through hole on band assembly, weld seam in each only welding positioning through hole, be soldered one and weld the next one again, all located by the exposed weld seam out of positioning through hole until all;
(5.3) the T-shaped welding seam of hoop in the body covering centre position, program positioning welding cabin adopting teaching to complete, laser is irradiated on surface, cabin by the positioning through hole on band assembly, weld seam in each only welding positioning through hole, be soldered one and weld the next one again, all located by the exposed weld seam out of positioning through hole until all;
(5.4) the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction in the body covering centre position, program positioning welding cabin adopting teaching to complete, the T-shaped weld seam of longitudinal direction of positioning welding should avoid band position, and solder joint can not drop on above band;
(6) band step is removed:
After all seam laser positioning weldings complete, remove band assembly, first the nut on 4 band assembly eyelet bolts is screwed down, then eyelet bolt is taken out from the first through hole pedestal and the third through-hole on supporting base, then band assembly is removed from cabin body;
(7) continuous laser welding, comprises following sub-step:
(7.1) mobile laser weld rifle head is to the butt weld of periphery seam, measure the distance of laser arc welding gun head to skin-surface, Emission Lasers does not try away one time, ensure that in institute's walking along the street footpath, often some distance to laser arc welding gun head is consistent, and the tangent line of laser incident direction and cabin body skin-surface is perpendicular, then go out the butt weld of laser continuous welding periphery seam;
(7.2) mobile laser arc welding gun head is to the T-shaped welding seam of hoop in body covering centre position, cabin, measure the distance of laser arc welding gun head to skin-surface, Emission Lasers does not try away one time, ensure that in institute's walking along the street footpath, often some distance to laser arc welding gun head is consistent, and the tangent line of laser incident direction and cabin body skin-surface is perpendicular, go out the T-shaped welding seam of hoop in laser continuous welding covering centre position;
Article (7.3) one, the T-shaped welding seam of hoop is soldered rear repetition (7.2) step, completes the T-shaped welding seam of all hoops;
(7.4) mobile laser arc welding gun head is to the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction in body covering centre position, cabin, measure the distance of laser arc welding gun head to skin-surface, Emission Lasers does not try away one time, ensure that in institute's walking along the street footpath, often some distance to laser arc welding gun head is consistent, and the tangent line of laser incident direction and cabin body skin-surface is perpendicular, go out the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction in laser continuous welding covering centre position;
Article (7.5) one, the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction is soldered rear repetition (7.4) step, completes the T-shaped welding seam of all hoops.
The forming method utilizing above-mentioned frock laser weld thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, in step (2.2), hoop sealing ring and front panel close contact, the gap between hoop sealing ring and front panel is no more than 0.1mm; In step (2.3), hoop sealing ring and rear board close contact, the gap between hoop sealing ring and rear board is no more than 0.1mm.
The forming method utilizing above-mentioned frock laser weld thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, in step (5.2), laser positioning welding parameter: each anchor point length is 3mm ~ 5mm, the spacing of adjacent two anchor points is 30mm ~ 35mm, laser positioning power is 1000w ~ 1200w, laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms, wherein 15ms is high level, positioning welding speed is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm, and weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min;
In step (5.3), (5.4), laser positioning welding parameter: each anchor point length is 3mm ~ 5mm, the spacing of adjacent two anchor points is 30mm ~ 35mm, laser positioning power is 1200w ~ 1500w, laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms, wherein 15ms is high level, and positioning welding speed is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min;
In step (7.1), laser weld parameters: laser welding power 1600w ~ 1800w, laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms, wherein 15ms is high level, speed of welding is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min;
In step (7.2), (7.3); laser weld parameters: laser welding power 1900w ~ 2100w; laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms; wherein 15ms is high level; speed of welding is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min.
The laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention comprises supporting support body, band assembly, front shroud and back shroud; supporting support body is used for fixing thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body; be fixed on supporting support body by the connector at two ends after band walks around cabin body; band offers positioning through hole so that laser positioning welding; forward and backward cover plate is used for fixing respectively in the front and back panels of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body; to form airtight cabin body space; cover plate is provided with gas via-hole, facilitates when laser weld and be filled with protective gas in the body of cabin.Have above-mentioned known, utilize the forming method of above-mentioned frock laser weld thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body, existing forging overall mechanical processing molding method, vacuum electron beam welding method and arc-welding method are abandoned, but utilize laser to weld, laser weld has that energy density is high, welding deformation is little, weld penetration than the advantage such as large, solve the problems such as the process-cycle existed in existing forming method is long, stock utilization is low, production efficiency is low, cost is high, bad adaptability.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of cabin body skeleton;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of cabin body covering;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body;
Fig. 4 is the using state figure of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the base construction schematic diagram of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the bearing arrangement schematic diagram of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the band modular construction schematic diagram of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the band structural representation of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the eyelet bolt structural representation of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Figure 10 is the front limit block structure schematic diagram of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Figure 11 is the rear standoff features schematic diagram of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Figure 12 is the front cover structure schematic diagram of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Figure 13 is the rear cover plate structure schematic diagram of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Figure 14 is the hook bolt assembly structural representation of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Figure 15 is the hook bolt arrangement schematic diagram of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Figure 16 is the long cylinder nut structure schematic diagram of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Figure 17 is the caging bolt structural representation of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention;
Figure 18 is the gag lever post structural representation of the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body 3 in this detailed description of the invention is made up of titanium alloy material, but is not limited thereto, as long as be applicable to the material of laser weld.
The laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body 3 in the present invention, comprise supporting support body, band assembly, front shroud 1 and back shroud 2, supporting support body is used for fixing thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body 3, band assembly comprises band 4 and connector, the two ends of band 4 are respectively fixed with a described connector, band 4 offers positioning through hole 5, connector is used for connecting band 4 and supporting support body, before described, back shroud 1, a hoop sealing ring 6 is equipped with on 2, before, back shroud 1, 2 are used for fixing respectively before thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body 3, on rear board, hoop sealing ring 6 is arranged towards cabin body 3, cover plate is provided with gas via-hole 7.
Supporting support body comprises pedestal 8 and supporting base 9, pedestal 8 comprises base plate 81, base plate 81 is fixed with two front columns 82 and two rear columns 83, forward and backward column 82,83 is all perpendicular to base plate 81, and the corner of base plate 81 is respectively provided with a screwed hole for installing hanging bolt 84.Front beam 85 is connected with between two front columns 82, rear cross beam 86 is connected with between two rear columns 83, front and back crossbeam 86 is equipped with waist through hole, and each screw thread in relative both sides of described base plate 81 is fixed with a gag lever post 87, and described gag lever post 87 is between front and back column 82,83.The side of each column is equipped with a journal stirrup 88, journal stirrup 88 offers the first through hole 89.Supporting base 9 comprises lower shoe 91 and top panel 92, lower shoe 91 is connected by two side plates 93 with top panel 92, lower shoe 91 both sides are respectively provided with second through hole 94, the both sides of described second through hole 94 are respectively provided with a third through-hole 95, first and third through hole 89,95 is all used for being connected with described connector, and supporting base 9 is assigned on gag lever post 87 by the second through hole 94.Described front and back column 82,83 is fixed with respectively front limit block 10 and rear limited block 11, fixed form is for fix by screw, namely on the leading flank of front column 82, be provided with two screwed holes for fixing front limit block 10, the trailing flank of rear column 83 be provided with four screwed holes for fixing rear limited block 11.Be provided with caging bolt 12 in described waist through hole, described caging bolt 12 is used for being fixed on by thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body 3 on supporting support body.
Caging bolt 12 is made up of screw rod and nut, and nut by after the waist through hole on the through hole of cabin body 3 bottom surface and front and back crossbeam 86, then is screwed on by Limit screw, ensures that cabin body about 3 is not moved.
Forward and backward cover plate 1,2 is fixed on respectively by hook bolt assembly in the front and back panels of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body 3, described hook bolt assembly comprises hook bolt 13, long cylinder nut 14 and swing arm 15, described hook bolt 13 is a L-type metalwork, it comprises screw rod 131 and hook 132, described hook 132 is provided with protruding block 133, and described long cylinder nut 14 is a tubular metalwork, and its inner surface is provided with screw thread, the end of long cylinder nut 14 is provided with a through hole, and described through hole is used for installing swing arm 15.Swing arm 15 is a cylindrical metal bar, and it, through the through hole on long cylinder nut 14, is used for rotating long cylinder nut 14.
Front shroud 1 is slab rubber goods, and its appearance profile is consistent with cabin body 3 front panel.Front shroud 1 offers four small through hole 16 and a gas via-hole 7, gas via-hole 7 is positioned in the middle of front shroud 1.Hoop sealing ring 6 on front shroud 1 protrudes lid surface.Small through hole 16 is for ensureing air tight by the hoop sealing ring 6 of front shroud 1 with the front panel close contact of cabin body 3 through hook bolt 13; gas via-hole 7 is for connecting protective gas pipeline, and it is not oxidized in high temperature environments for the protection of titanium alloy that cabin body 3 is filled with argon gas before welding.
Back shroud 2 is slab rubber goods, and its appearance profile is consistent with cabin body 3 rear board.Back shroud 2 offers four small through hole 16, with cabin body 3 rear board close contact, these four small through hole 16 are for ensureing that cabin body 3 argon gas inside does not leak by the hoop sealing ring 6 on back shroud 2 through hook bolt 13, this hoop sealing ring 6 protrudes back shroud 2 surface and arranges.
Connector is eyelet bolt 17 and fastening bolt 18, the two ends of described band 4 are female end and form ring set, described eyelet bolt 17 is rod like parts, the upper end of eyelet bolt 17 is provided with and axially vertical connecting hole, lower end is provided with screw thread, and eyelet bolt 17 is fixed on the female end of band 4 through connecting hole and ring set by described fastening bolt 18.
Band 4 is strip metal plate, and the positioning through hole 5 on band 4 is square through hole, and it is evenly distributed on band 4, and effect is welded for laser positioning.During each band 4 banding, eyelet bolt 17 lower end on band 4 crosses the first through hole 89 on pedestal 8 and the third through-hole 95 on supporting base 9 is rear and nut screw connection, what can regulate eyelet bolt 17 passes length, thus by band 4 banding, by the laminating gap shrinks of covering and skeleton to welding desirable value.
Front limit block 10 is a square metal block, and front has a manhole and a waist through hole front column 82 limits cabin body 3 to move forward for it being fixed on through screw, and there is an oblique angle upper end of front limit block 10.
Rear limited block 11 is a square metal block, there are four manholes and two pin via holes in front, wherein manhole is used for, through screw, rear limited block 11 is fixed on rear column 83, and pin via hole is used for, through pin, rear limited block 11 is connected to ensure assembly precision with rear column 83.
Gag lever post 87 is rod-like element, and it is fixedly connected sequentially by cylinder, hexagon step, step cutting pattern and stud and forms.During installation, by spanner rotating hexagon step step cutting pattern is screwed into base plate 81 close contact till.
The laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, on the base plate 81 of wherein said pedestal 8, screw thread is fixed with hanging bolt 84.
Under duty: first gag lever post 87 is fixed on pedestal 8, then the second through hole on supporting base 9 is placed on above gag lever post 87 by the cylinder of gag lever post 87 upper end; Again cabin body 3 skeleton is placed in above pedestal 8, front limit block 10, rear limited block 11 are arranged on the screwed hole of forward and backward column 83 of pedestal 8 respectively, moving forward and backward of restriction cabin body 3; Two caging bolts 12 are each passed through waist through hole front and back crossbeam 86 from cabin body 3 inside and fastening restriction cabin body 3 movable.Then all T-shaped welding seams are programmed, ensure the center of laser weld path reinforcement on cabin body 3 skeleton, after all T-shaped welding seam teach programmings, the band 4 of four band assemblies is fitted tightly with cabin body 3 covering, the eyelet bolt 17 at two pieces band assembly two ends is each passed through the first through hole 89, the eyelet bolt 17 at two pieces band assembly two ends is each passed through third through-hole 95, above the eyelet bolt 17 being screwed into band assembly afterwards with eight nuts respectively, cabin body skeleton and covering close contact gap is made to meet laser weld requirement nut screwing clamping with instrument.
In the present embodiment, after thermoforming, cabin body covering is formed by 1.6mm thick titanium alloy BTi62421s covering, then the cabin body skeleton of itself and casting is adopted above-mentioned welding tooling welding fabrication, comprise cleaning treatment, mounting framework, teach programming, installation covering, laser positioning welding, remove the steps such as band assembly, laser continuous welding, refer to following explanation.
The forming method utilizing above-mentioned frock laser weld thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) the cabin body covering after thermoforming and the clean cotton of skeleton are wiped the greasy dirt on surface, the oxide skin on surface is removed until the metallic luster of surface presentation light again with fine sandpaper polishing, adopt mixed acid solution to carry out soaking 3min ~ 5min to cabin body covering and cabin body skeleton after polishing and remove residual oxide skin, the residual acid solution on cabin body covering and cabin body skeleton is removed with clear water after immersion, clean cabin body covering and cabin body skeleton with ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, cleaning is dried stand-by again;
(2) assemble cabin body skeleton, comprise following sub-step:
(2.1) gag lever post 87 is fixed on pedestal 8, then the cylinder the second through hole on supporting base 9 being passed gag lever post 87 upper end is placed on above gag lever post 87, cabin body 3 skeleton is placed on above the front and back column 83 on pedestal 8, front limit block 10, rear limited block 11 are separately fixed in the forward and backward both ends of the surface of pedestal 8, moving forward and backward of restriction cabin body 3; Two caging bolts 12 are each passed through waist through hole forward and backward crossbeam 85,86 from cabin body 3 inside and fastening restriction cabin body 3 movable;
(2.2) use hook bolt assembly to be fixed on by front shroud 1 on the front panel of cabin body 3, the hoop sealing ring 6 on front shroud 1 contacts with front panel, specific as follows: the screw rod 131 of four hook bolts 13 is passed from the small through hole 16 of front shroud 1 reverse side, make screw rod 131 outstanding from the front of front shroud 1, four long cylinder nuts 14 are screwed in screw rod 131, again the reverse side of front shroud 1 and cabin body 3 front panel are fitted, the position of adjustment configuration bolt 13, protruding block 133 above it is fitted with the inner surface of cabin body 3 front panel, again swing arm 15 is inserted in the through hole in long cylinder nut 14, long cylinder nut 14 is rotated by swing arm 15, make hoop sealing ring 6 and the cabin body 3 front panel close contact of front shroud 1, gap between hoop sealing ring 6 and front panel is no more than 0.1mm,
(2.3) use hook bolt assembly to be fixed on by back shroud 2 on the rear board of cabin body 3, the hoop sealing ring 6 on back shroud 2 contacts with rear board, specific as follows: the screw rod 131 of four hook bolts 13 is passed from the small through hole 16 of back shroud 2 reverse side, make screw rod 131 outstanding from the front of back shroud 2, four long cylinder nuts 14 are screwed in screw rod 131, again the reverse side of back shroud 2 and cabin body 3 rear board are fitted, the position of adjustment configuration bolt 13, protruding block 133 above it is fitted with the inner surface of cabin body 3 rear board, again swing arm 15 is inserted in the through hole in long cylinder nut 14, long cylinder nut 14 is rotated by swing arm 15, make hoop sealing ring 6 and the cabin body 3 rear board close contact of back shroud 2, gap between hoop sealing ring 6 and rear board is no more than 0.1mm,
(3) teach programming step:
Cabin body skeleton and cabin body covering laser weld comprise two kinds of weld seams, a kind of is that covering periphery and skeleton sink the seam butt weld located, a kind of is in the middle of the body covering of cabin and the T-shaped welding seam of skeleton reinforcement, wherein T-shaped welding seam is invisible weld seam, in order to laser after ensureing to cover covering can impinge upon the center of cabin body skeleton, before covering covering, teach programming is carried out to the weld seam that need weld, program path need ensure the center of laser walking path at cabin body skeleton reinforcement, and laser weld rifle head wants consistent from the vertical range of cabin body skeleton reinforcement;
(4) covering step is installed:
After teach programming completes, cabin body covering is placed in the sagging place above the body skeleton of cabin, the band 4 of four band assemblies is fitted tightly with cabin body covering, the eyelet bolt 17 at two pieces band assembly two ends is each passed through the first through hole 89, the eyelet bolt 17 at two pieces band assembly two ends is each passed through third through-hole 95 in addition, above the eyelet bolt 17 being screwed into band assembly afterwards with eight nuts respectively, cabin body skeleton and covering close contact gap is made to be less than 0.2mm nut screwing clamping with instrument;
(5) laser positioning welding, comprises following sub-step:
(5.1) argon gas is passed into cabin body 3 inside by the gas via-hole 7 in front shroud 1 before starting, inflation 5min by welding;
(5.2) be connected cabin body covering with cabin body skeleton periphery the seam banjo fixing butt jointing positioning welding at position, laser is irradiated to cabin body 3 on the surface by the positioning through hole 5 on band assembly, weld seam in each only welding positioning through hole 5, be soldered one and weld the next one again, all located by the exposed weld seam out of positioning through hole 5 until all;
(5.3) the T-shaped welding seam of hoop in the body covering centre position, program positioning welding cabin adopting teaching to complete, laser is irradiated to cabin body 3 on the surface by the positioning through hole 5 on band assembly, weld seam in each only welding positioning through hole 5, be soldered one and weld the next one again, all located by the exposed weld seam out of positioning through hole 5 until all;
(5.4) the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction in the body covering centre position, program positioning welding cabin adopting teaching to complete, the T-shaped weld seam of longitudinal direction of positioning welding should avoid band 4 position, and solder joint can not drop on above band 4;
(6) band 4 step is removed:
After all seam laser positioning weldings complete, remove band assembly, first the nut on 4 band assembly eyelet bolts 17 is screwed down, then eyelet bolt 17 is taken out from the first through hole 89 pedestal 8 and the third through-hole 95 on supporting base 9, then band assembly is removed from cabin body 3;
(7) continuous laser welding, comprises following sub-step:
(7.1) mobile laser weld rifle head is to the butt weld of periphery seam, measure the distance of laser arc welding gun head to skin-surface, Emission Lasers does not try away one time, ensure that in institute's walking along the street footpath, often some distance to laser arc welding gun head is consistent, and the tangent line of laser incident direction and cabin body skin-surface is perpendicular, then go out the butt weld of laser continuous welding periphery seam;
(7.2) mobile laser arc welding gun head is to the T-shaped welding seam of hoop in body covering centre position, cabin, measure the distance of laser arc welding gun head to skin-surface, Emission Lasers does not try away one time, ensure that in institute's walking along the street footpath, often some distance to laser arc welding gun head is consistent, and the tangent line of laser incident direction and cabin body skin-surface is perpendicular, go out the T-shaped welding seam of hoop in laser continuous welding covering centre position;
Article (7.3) one, the T-shaped welding seam of hoop is soldered rear repetition (7.2) step, completes the T-shaped welding seam of all hoops;
(7.4) mobile laser arc welding gun head is to the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction in body covering centre position, cabin, measure the distance of laser arc welding gun head to skin-surface, Emission Lasers does not try away one time, ensure that in institute's walking along the street footpath, often some distance to laser arc welding gun head is consistent, and the tangent line of laser incident direction and cabin body skin-surface is perpendicular, go out the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction in laser continuous welding covering centre position;
Article (7.5) one, the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction is soldered rear repetition (7.4) step, completes the T-shaped welding seam of all hoops.
The forming method utilizing above-mentioned frock laser weld thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention, in step (2.2), hoop sealing ring 6 and front panel close contact, the gap between hoop sealing ring 6 and front panel is no more than 0.1mm; In step (2.3), hoop sealing ring 6 and rear board close contact, the gap between hoop sealing ring 6 and rear board is no more than 0.1mm.
The forming method utilizing above-mentioned frock laser weld thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention; in step (5.2); laser positioning welding parameter: each anchor point length is 3mm ~ 5mm; the spacing of adjacent two anchor points is 30mm ~ 35mm; laser positioning power is 1000w ~ 1200w; laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms; wherein 15ms is high level; positioning welding speed is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min; defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm, and weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min.
In step (5.3), (5.4); laser positioning welding parameter: each anchor point length is 3mm ~ 5mm; the spacing of adjacent two anchor points is 30mm ~ 35mm; laser positioning power is 1200w ~ 1500w; laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms; wherein 15ms is high level, and positioning welding speed is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min.
In step (7.1); laser weld parameters: laser welding power 1600w ~ 1800w; laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms; wherein 15ms is high level; speed of welding is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min.
In step (7.2), (7.3); laser weld parameters: laser welding power 1900w ~ 2100w; laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms; wherein 15ms is high level; speed of welding is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min.
Have above-mentioned known, the laser weld frock of the thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body in the present invention comprises supporting support body, band assembly, front shroud 1 and back shroud 2, supporting support body is used for fixing thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body 3, be fixed on supporting support body by the connector at two ends after band 4 walks around cabin body 3, band 4 offers positioning through hole 5 so that laser positioning welding, before, back shroud 1, 2 are used for fixing respectively before thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body 3, on rear board, to form airtight cabin body 3 space, cover plate is provided with gas via-hole 7, facilitate when laser weld and be filled with protective gas in cabin body 3.Have above-mentioned known, utilize the forming method of above-mentioned frock laser weld thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body, existing forging overall mechanical processing molding method, vacuum electron beam welding method and arc-welding method are abandoned, but utilize laser to weld, laser weld has that energy density is high, welding deformation is little, weld penetration than the advantage such as large, solve the problems such as the process-cycle existed in existing forming method is long, stock utilization is low, production efficiency is low, cost is high, bad adaptability.
Above-described embodiment is only be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; under not departing from the present invention and designing the prerequisite of spirit; the various distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention and improvement, all should fall in protection domain that claims of the present invention determines.
Claims (10)
1. the laser weld frock of a thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body, it is characterized in that: comprise supporting support body, band assembly, front shroud (1) and back shroud (2), described supporting support body is used for fixing thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body (3), described band assembly comprises band (4) and connector, the two ends of band (4) are respectively fixed with a described connector, band (4) offers positioning through hole (5), connector is used for connecting band (4) and supporting support body, before described, back shroud (1, 2) a hoop sealing ring (6) is equipped with on, before, back shroud (1, 2) be used for fixing respectively before thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body (3), on rear board, hoop sealing ring (6) is arranged towards cabin body (3), cover plate is provided with gas via-hole (7).
2. the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin according to claim 1 body, it is characterized in that: described supporting support body comprises pedestal (8) and supporting base (9), described pedestal (8) comprises base plate (81), base plate (81) is fixed with two front columns (82) and two rear columns (83), front beam (85) is connected with between two front columns (82), rear cross beam (86) is connected with between two rear columns (83), front and back crossbeam (85, 86) waist through hole is equipped with on, the each screw thread in relative both sides of described base plate (81) is fixed with a gag lever post (87), described gag lever post (87) is positioned at front and back column (82, 83) between, the side of each column is equipped with a journal stirrup (88), journal stirrup (88) offers the first through hole (89), described supporting base comprises lower shoe (91) and top panel (92), lower shoe (91) is connected by two side plates (93) with top panel (92), lower shoe (91) both sides are respectively provided with second through hole (94), the both sides of described second through hole (94) are respectively provided with a third through-hole (95), first, three through holes (89, 95) be all used for being connected with described connector, supporting base (9) assigns on gag lever post (87) by the second through hole (94), described front and back column (82, 83) front limit block (10) and rear limited block (11) is fixed with on respectively, caging bolt (12) is installed in described waist through hole, described caging bolt (12) is used for being fixed in thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body (3) on supporting support body.
3. the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin according to claim 2 body, it is characterized in that: front, back shroud (1, 2) before being fixed on thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body (3) respectively by hook bolt assembly, on rear board, described hook bolt assembly comprises hook bolt (13), long cylinder nut (14) and swing arm (15), described hook bolt (13) is a L-type part, it comprises screw rod (131) and hook (132), described hook (132) is provided with protruding block (133), described long cylinder nut (14) is a tube-like piece, its inner surface is provided with screw thread, the end of long cylinder nut (14) is provided with a through hole, described through hole is used for installing swing arm (15).
4. the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin according to claim 3 body, it is characterized in that: described connector is eyelet bolt (17) and fastening bolt (18), the two ends of described band (4) are female end and form ring set, described eyelet bolt (17) is rod like parts, the upper end of eyelet bolt (17) is provided with and axially vertical connecting hole, lower end is provided with screw thread, and eyelet bolt (17) is fixed on the female end of band (4) through connecting hole and ring set by described fastening bolt (18).
5. the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin according to claim 4 body, is characterized in that: described front shroud (1) is provided with gas via-hole (7).
6. the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin according to claim 5 body, is characterized in that: described gag lever post (87) is rod-like element, and it is fixedly connected sequentially by cylinder, hexagon step, step cutting pattern and stud and forms.
7. the laser weld frock of thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin according to claim 6 body, is characterized in that: the upper screw thread of base plate (81) of described pedestal (8) is fixed with hanging bolt (84).
8. utilize the forming method of frock laser weld thin-wall complicated curved surface cabin body according to any one of claim 1 ~ 7, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) the cabin body covering after thermoforming and the clean cotton of skeleton are wiped the greasy dirt on surface, the oxide skin on surface is removed until the metallic luster of surface presentation light again with fine sandpaper polishing, adopt mixed acid solution to carry out soaking 3min ~ 5min to cabin body covering and cabin body skeleton after polishing and remove residual oxide skin, the residual acid solution on cabin body covering and cabin body skeleton is removed with clear water after immersion, clean cabin body covering and cabin body skeleton with ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, cleaning is dried stand-by again;
(2) assemble cabin body skeleton, comprise following sub-step:
(2.1) gag lever post (87) is fixed on pedestal (8), then the second through hole (94) on supporting base (9) is placed on above gag lever post (87) through the cylinder of gag lever post (87) upper end, cabin body skeleton is placed on above the front and back column (82,83) on pedestal (8), front limit block (10), rear limited block (11) are separately fixed in the forward and backward both ends of the surface of pedestal (8), moving forward and backward of restriction cabin body (3); Two caging bolts (12) are each passed through waist through hole forward and backward crossbeam (85,86) from cabin body (3) inside and fastening restriction cabin body (3) movable;
(2.2) use hook bolt assembly to be fixed on the front panel of cabin body (3) by front shroud (1), the hoop sealing ring (6) on front shroud (1) contacts with front panel;
(2.3) use hook bolt assembly to be fixed on the rear board of cabin body (3) by back shroud (2), the hoop sealing ring (6) on back shroud (2) contacts with rear board;
(3) teach programming step:
Before covering covering, carry out teach programming to the weld seam that need weld, program path need ensure the center of laser walking path at cabin body skeleton reinforcement, and laser weld rifle head wants consistent from the vertical range of cabin body skeleton reinforcement;
(4) covering step is installed:
After teach programming completes, cabin body covering is placed in the sagging place above the body skeleton of cabin, the band (4) of four band assemblies and cabin body covering are fitted tightly, the eyelet bolt (17) at two pieces band assembly two ends is each passed through the first through hole (89), the eyelet bolt (17) at two pieces band assembly two ends is each passed through third through-hole (95) in addition, above the eyelet bolt (17) being screwed into band assembly afterwards with eight nuts respectively, cabin body skeleton and covering close contact gap is made to be less than 0.2mm nut screwing clamping with instrument;
(5) laser positioning welding, comprises following sub-step:
(5.1) argon gas is passed into cabin body (3) inside by the gas via-hole in front shroud (1) before starting, inflation 5min by welding;
(5.2) be connected cabin body covering with cabin body skeleton periphery the seam banjo fixing butt jointing positioning welding at position, laser is irradiated to cabin body (3) on the surface by the positioning through hole on band assembly, weld seam in each only welding positioning through hole (5), be soldered one and weld the next one again, all located by the exposed weld seam out of positioning through hole (5) until all;
(5.3) the T-shaped welding seam of hoop in the body covering centre position, program positioning welding cabin adopting teaching to complete, laser is irradiated to cabin body (3) on the surface by the positioning through hole (5) on band assembly, weld seam in each only welding positioning through hole (5), be soldered one and weld the next one again, all located by the exposed weld seam out of positioning through hole (5) until all;
(5.4) the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction in the body covering centre position, program positioning welding cabin adopting teaching to complete, the T-shaped weld seam of longitudinal direction of positioning welding should avoid band position, and solder joint can not drop on above band (4);
(6) band step is removed:
After all seam laser positioning weldings complete, remove band assembly, first the nut on 4 band assembly eyelet bolts (17) is screwed down, again eyelet bolt (17) is taken out from the first through hole (89) pedestal (8) and the third through-hole (95) on supporting base (9), then band assembly is removed from cabin body (3);
(7) continuous laser welding, comprises following sub-step:
(7.1) mobile laser weld rifle head is to the butt weld of periphery seam, measure the distance of laser arc welding gun head to skin-surface, Emission Lasers does not try away one time, ensure that in institute's walking along the street footpath, often some distance to laser arc welding gun head is consistent, and the tangent line of laser incident direction and cabin body skin-surface is perpendicular, then go out the butt weld of laser continuous welding periphery seam;
(7.2) mobile laser arc welding gun head is to the T-shaped welding seam of hoop in body covering centre position, cabin, measure the distance of laser arc welding gun head to skin-surface, Emission Lasers does not try away one time, ensure that in institute's walking along the street footpath, often some distance to laser arc welding gun head is consistent, and the tangent line of laser incident direction and cabin body skin-surface is perpendicular, go out the T-shaped welding seam of hoop in laser continuous welding covering centre position;
Article (7.3) one, the T-shaped welding seam of hoop is soldered rear repetition (7.2) step, completes the T-shaped welding seam of all hoops;
(7.4) mobile laser arc welding gun head is to the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction in body covering centre position, cabin, measure the distance of laser arc welding gun head to skin-surface, Emission Lasers does not try away one time, ensure that in institute's walking along the street footpath, often some distance to laser arc welding gun head is consistent, and the tangent line of laser incident direction and cabin body skin-surface is perpendicular, go out the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction in laser continuous welding covering centre position;
Article (7.5) one, the T-shaped welding seam of longitudinal direction is soldered rear repetition (7.4) step, completes the T-shaped welding seam of all hoops.
9. forming method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: in step (2.2), hoop sealing ring (6) and front panel close contact, and the gap between hoop sealing ring (6) and front panel is no more than 0.1mm; In step (2.3), hoop sealing ring (6) and rear board close contact, the gap between hoop sealing ring (6) and rear board is no more than 0.1mm.
10. forming method according to claim 9, is characterized in that:
In step (5.2), laser positioning welding parameter: each anchor point length is 3mm ~ 5mm, the spacing of adjacent two anchor points is 30mm ~ 35mm, laser positioning power is 1000w ~ 1200w, laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms, and wherein 15ms is high level, and positioning welding speed is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm, and weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min;
In step (5.3), (5.4), laser positioning welding parameter: each anchor point length is 3mm ~ 5mm, the spacing of adjacent two anchor points is 30mm ~ 35mm, laser positioning power is 1200w ~ 1500w, laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms, wherein 15ms is high level, and positioning welding speed is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min;
In step (7.1), laser weld parameters: laser welding power 1600w ~ 1800w, laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms, wherein 15ms is high level, speed of welding is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min;
In step (7.2), (7.3); laser weld parameters: laser welding power 1900w ~ 2100w; laser pulse width is than being 15ms/10ms; wherein 15ms is high level; speed of welding is 1.5m/min ~ 1.8m/min, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+3mm weld seam front protecting argon flow amount is 20L-30L/min.
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