CN105457339B - Oil-water separation method and device - Google Patents
Oil-water separation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105457339B CN105457339B CN201410459285.5A CN201410459285A CN105457339B CN 105457339 B CN105457339 B CN 105457339B CN 201410459285 A CN201410459285 A CN 201410459285A CN 105457339 B CN105457339 B CN 105457339B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for separating oil from water in sewage by taking silicon dioxide aerogel as a filler. The separation method comprises the steps of separating oily water in a column separation device with silica aerogel as a filler, discharging separated oil floating upwards from the top of the column separation device, and discharging water from the bottom of the column separation device after passing through a filler layer. Through the selective passing effect of the hydrophilic silica aerogel on oil and water, the oil-water separation effect of the filter can be obviously improved, the diameter of oil drops which can be directly separated can be reduced to be below submicron, the proportion of oil which can be recovered in water is obviously increased, and the workload of subsequent sewage treatment is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil-water separation, and particularly relates to a separation column filtration oil-water separation method and a separation column filtration oil-water separation device with silica aerogel as a filler.
Background
Along with the technical progress of China and the development of industrial society, the application range of petroleum and products thereof in social and economic life is wider and wider, and the consumption is larger and larger. With the limited reserves of petroleum resources, the water content in crude oil produced in the petroleum exploitation process is higher and higher, and some crude oil is even up to 90%, so the crude oil must be subjected to oil-water separation for subsequent processing, and the produced oily sewage must be subjected to purification treatment for discharge or reuse.
The water separated by the conventional oil-water separation method generally contains 0.1-1% of oil, which generally has to be decomposed by chemical or biological methods, and the oil content is a great number for billions of tons of sewage every year at present. The method can effectively recover the oil, not only effectively utilize the resources which are scarce day by day, but also reduce the difficulty of subsequent sewage treatment and generate considerable economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oil-water separation method and a separation device thereof, which have the capabilities of resource recovery, reutilization and high-efficiency oil-water separation treatment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for oil-water separation, comprising: the oil-containing water is separated in a column separation device taking silica aerogel as a filler, the separated oil floats upwards and is discharged from the top of the column separation device, and the water is discharged from the bottom of the column separation device after passing through a filler layer.
According to the invention, the oil-water separation method is particularly suitable for separating oil-water mixtures containing a small amount of oil, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%.
According to the invention, the column separation device is a single-stage or multi-stage column separation device, and the height-diameter ratio of the column separation device is preferably 1-50, more preferably 5-40, and can also be 10-30. The height of the column separation device is preferably 0.1-20 m, more preferably 1-15 m, and may be 2-12 m or 5-10 m.
According to the invention, the height of the silica aerogel filler is preferably 0.1 to 15 m, more preferably 1 to 10 m, and may also be 2 to 10 m, 3 to 8 m.
According to the invention, the oily water flows in from an inlet above the packing layer in the column separation device.
According to the invention, the silica aerogel is a hydrophilic-oleophobic aerogel, preferably a hydrophilic-oleophobic nanoporous material.
According to the invention, before the oily water enters the column separation device, the method also comprises the step of feeding the oily water into the buffer tank. The buffer tank is used for controlling the flow rate of the liquid so as to ensure that the oily water enters the column separation device at a constant flow rate. Preferably, the flow rate of the oily water is controlled to be 0.5 to 50 cubic meters per minute, more preferably 5 to 30 cubic meters per minute; the buffer tank preferably controls the water outlet flow of the oily water by a flow valve.
According to the invention, before the oily water enters the column separation device, the method also comprises the step of introducing the oily water into a pre-processor. Preferably, when there is a step of entering the buffer tank, the method further comprises the step of entering the oily water into a pre-processor, preferably a filtering device capable of removing solid impurities in the oily water, before entering the oily water into the buffer tank, then entering the buffer tank, and then entering the column separation device.
According to the invention, the column separation device is also provided with a gas/liquid backwash system. When the silica aerogel packing is contaminated, the gas/liquid backwash system is activated to allow backwash decontamination. The gas/liquid backwash speed is preferably 0.1 to 4 cubic meters per minute, more preferably 0.5 to 3 cubic meters per minute.
The process of the invention can be used for the oil-water separation of petroleum crude oil sewage, but is not limited to the oil-water separation.
The invention also provides an oil-water separation device, which is characterized by comprising a column separation device, wherein the column separation device is filled with silica aerogel filler.
According to the invention, the column separation device is provided with an oil-containing water inlet which is positioned at the upper part of the packing layer, an oil outlet is arranged at the top of the column separation device, and a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the column separation device.
According to the invention, the column separation device is a single-stage or multi-stage column separation device, and the height-diameter ratio of the column separation device is preferably 1-50, more preferably 5-40, and can also be 10-30. The height of the column separation device is preferably 0.1-20 m, more preferably 1-15 m, and may be 2-12 m or 5-10 m.
According to the invention, the height of the silica aerogel filler is preferably 0.1 to 15 m, more preferably 1 to 10 m, and may also be 2 to 10 m, 3 to 8 m.
According to the invention, the silica aerogel is a hydrophilic-oleophobic aerogel, preferably a hydrophilic-oleophobic nanoporous material.
According to the invention, the oil-water separation device further comprises a buffer tank, and the buffer tank is connected with the column separation device. Oily water enters the buffer tank and then flows into the column separation device. The buffer tank is used for controlling the flow rate of the liquid so as to ensure that the oily water enters the column separation device at a constant flow rate, preferably, the flow rate of the oily water is controlled to be 0.5-50 cubic meters per minute, and more preferably, 5-30 cubic meters per minute; the buffer tank preferably controls the water outlet flow of the oily water by a flow valve.
According to the invention, the oil-water separation device further comprises a pre-processor, and the pre-processor is connected with the column separation device. When the oil-water separation device comprises a buffer tank, the pre-processor is connected with the buffer tank. At this time, the oily water passes through the pre-processor, enters the buffer tank and then flows into the column separation device. The pre-processor is preferably a filtration device that can remove solid impurities from the oil-containing water.
According to the invention, the column separation device is also connected with a draw-off pump, preferably the draw-off pump is connected with a water outlet of the column separation device.
According to the invention, the column separation device is also provided with a gas/liquid backwash system. When the silica aerogel packing is contaminated, the gas/liquid backwash system is activated to allow backwash decontamination. The gas/liquid backwash system is preferably connected to the bottom of the column separation device. The gas/liquid backflushing speed is preferably 0.1 to 4 cubic meters per minute.
According to the invention, the oil-water separation device further comprises a control system. Is used for collecting the state parameters of the oily water at all positions of the device and correspondingly controlling the oil-containing water conveying capacity sent into the column separation device.
According to the oil-water separation method and device, the oil-containing water (particularly sewage containing a small amount of oil) is filtered and separated by utilizing the water selectivity and the water passing characteristics of the hydrophilic and oleophobic silica aerogel, the oil-water separation effect can be obviously improved, the oil content in the sewage can be efficiently recovered, the diameter range of oil drops contained in the treated water is greatly reduced (can be reduced to a submicron level or lower), a demulsifier and other auxiliary agents are not required to be added, the oil recovery rate can be effectively improved, and the subsequent water treatment difficulty can be reduced. The device can reduce the oil content in water to below 0.1 percent, thereby efficiently recovering the residual oil in the water and reducing the generation of sewage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the oil-water separator according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a pre-processor; 2. a buffer tank; 3. a column separation device; 4. a silica aerogel filler; 5. a backwash system; 6. a lead-out pump; 7. and (5) controlling the system.
Detailed Description
The present invention is explained in detail by the following examples and the accompanying drawings. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications and variations based on the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The oily sewage flows into the pretreatment device 1 to remove impurities, and then flows into the buffer tank 2. The buffer tank 2 is used to control the liquid flow rate to ensure that the oily water enters the column separation device 3 at a constant flow rate. The flow rate of the oily water is controlled to be 0.5-50 cubic meters per minute, and the flow rate of the oily water is controlled by a flow valve in a buffer tank. The water outlet flow of the oily water is controlled by a control system 7 and then enters a column separation device 3 filled with silica aerogel packing for separation. The column separation device 3 is filled with silica aerogel packing 4. The column separation device is provided with an oily water inlet which is positioned above the packing layer. The top of the column separation device is provided with an oil outlet, and the bottom of the column separation device is provided with a water outlet and is driven by a lead-out pump 6. The column separation device is a single-stage or multi-stage column separation device, the height-diameter ratio of the column separation device is 1-50.0, and the height of the column separation device is 0.1-20 m. The height of the filler of the silica aerogel is 0.1-15.0 meters. The separated oil floats upwards and is discharged from the top oil outlet, and the water passes through the hydrophilic silica aerogel packing layer and then is discharged from the bottom water outlet. The column separation device is also provided with a gas/liquid backwash system 5. When the silica aerogel packing is contaminated, the gas/liquid backwash system is activated to allow backwash decontamination. The back-flushing system is connected with the bottom of the column separation device. The gas/liquid back flushing speed is 0.1-4 cubic meters per minute.
The oil content in the separated water is reduced to below 0.1 percent, and the diameter of oil drops is reduced to a submicron level.
Claims (21)
1. A method for oil-water separation, comprising: oil-containing water enters a column separation device taking hydrophilic and oleophobic silica aerogel as a filler for separation, the separated oil floats upwards and is discharged from the top of the column separation device, water passes through the filler layer and is discharged from the bottom of the column separation device, the column separation device is provided with an oil-containing water inlet, the oil inlet is positioned at the upper part of the filler layer, the top of the column separation device is provided with an oil outlet, and the bottom of the column separation device is provided with a water outlet; the column separation device is also connected with a lead-out pump, and the lead-out pump is connected with a water outlet of the column separation device; the oily water is petroleum crude oil sewage.
2. The oil-water separation method according to claim 1, wherein the column separation device is a single-stage or multi-stage column separation device, the height of the silica aerogel packing is 0.1 to 15 m, the height-diameter ratio of the column separation device is 1 to 50, and the column height of the column separation device is 0.1 to 20 m.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step of feeding the oily water into a buffer tank before feeding the oily water into the column separation device.
4. The oil-water separation method according to claim 3, wherein the flow rate of the effluent of the oily water is controlled by a flow valve, and the flow rate of the oily water is controlled to be 0.5-50 cubic meters per minute.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of pre-treating the oily water prior to introducing the oily water into the column separation device.
6. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of introducing the oily water into a pre-treater, then into a buffer tank, and then into the column separation device before introducing the oily water into the buffer tank.
7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the pre-processor is a filter device capable of removing solid impurities from the oil-containing water.
8. The oil-water separation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the column separation device is further provided with a gas/liquid backwashing system, and when the silica aerogel packing is polluted, the gas/liquid backwashing system is started to perform backwashing decontamination.
9. The oil-water separation method of claim 8, wherein the gas/liquid backwash rate is 0.1 to 4 cubic meters per minute.
10. The method for separating oil from water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the oil content in the oil-containing water is less than 10%.
11. The method for separating oil from water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the oil content in the oil-containing water is less than 5%.
12. The utility model provides a petroleum crude oil sewage water oil separating device, its characterized in that, the device includes post separator be equipped with hydrophilic oleophobic silica aerogel filler in the post separator, post separator is equipped with the import of oily water, and this import is located the upper portion that silica aerogel packed column separator's top is equipped with the oil-out column separator's bottom is equipped with the delivery port, column separator still is connected with and draws forth the pump, draw forth the pump with column separator's delivery port is connected.
13. The oil and water separator of claim 12, further comprising a surge tank connected to the column separator.
14. The oil-water separator according to claim 13, wherein the buffer tank is controlled by a flow valve to control the flow rate of the oily water.
15. The oil and water separator of claim 12, wherein the column separator is a single or multi-stage column separator.
16. The oil-water separator according to claim 12, wherein the height-diameter ratio of the column separator is 1 to 50, the height of the column separator is 0.1 to 20 m, and the height of the silica aerogel packing is 0.1 to 15 m.
17. The oil and water separator of claim 12, wherein the oil and water separator further comprises a pre-processor coupled to the column separator.
18. The oil and water separator of claim 17, further comprising a surge tank, wherein the pre-processor is coupled to the surge tank.
19. The apparatus according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the pre-processor is a filtering apparatus capable of removing solid impurities in the oil-containing water.
20. The oil and water separator of claim 12, wherein the column separator further comprises a gas/liquid backwash system.
21. The separator of claim 12, further comprising a control system for collecting the state parameters of the oil-containing water at various locations of the separator and controlling the oil-containing water delivery to the column separator accordingly.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410459285.5A CN105457339B (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2014-09-10 | Oil-water separation method and device |
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| CN201410459285.5A CN105457339B (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2014-09-10 | Oil-water separation method and device |
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| CN105457339B true CN105457339B (en) | 2021-05-07 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103386281A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-11-13 | 陕西盟创纳米新型材料股份有限公司 | Silica aerogel particles with expanded perlite as a carrier, a preparation method and applications thereof |
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| CN2201979Y (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1995-06-28 | 河南省安阳钢铁公司 | Oil removal settling tank with declined pipes |
| WO2008060940A2 (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2008-05-22 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Inverse fluidization for purifying fluid streams |
| CN101069785B (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2010-12-15 | 熊四达 | Adsorption siphon separation process and siphon separation device with self-suction function |
| ITMI20090950A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2010-11-30 | Gegussa Novara Technology Spa | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN AEROGEL IN PELLETS |
| CN102029079B (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-30 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Underwater super-oleophobic oil-water separation mesh membrane as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102350094B (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2013-07-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | Oil and water separator based on micron-nano hiberarchy net membrane and application method thereof |
| CN202785862U (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-13 | 杨志江 | Advanced treatment device for waste water containing oil |
| CN103550956B (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-07-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Simple oil-water separator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103386281A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-11-13 | 陕西盟创纳米新型材料股份有限公司 | Silica aerogel particles with expanded perlite as a carrier, a preparation method and applications thereof |
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Address after: 100190 Haidian District, Zhongguancun, North Street, No. 1, No. 2, Beijing Applicant after: INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Applicant after: HONG HITECH (BEIJING) CO.,LTD. Address before: 100190 Haidian District, Zhongguancun, North Street, No. 1, No. 2, Beijing Applicant before: INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Applicant before: HONGDA TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20170122 Address after: 100086 Beijing, Haidian District North Third Ring Road, building 1710, room 32 Applicant after: HONG HITECH (BEIJING) CO.,LTD. Address before: 100190 Haidian District, Zhongguancun, North Street, No. 1, No. 2, Beijing Applicant before: INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Applicant before: HONG HITECH (BEIJING) CO.,LTD. |
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