CN105450337A - Ldpc码字的交织和映射方法及解交织解映射方法 - Google Patents

Ldpc码字的交织和映射方法及解交织解映射方法 Download PDF

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CN105450337A
CN105450337A CN201410438322.4A CN201410438322A CN105450337A CN 105450337 A CN105450337 A CN 105450337A CN 201410438322 A CN201410438322 A CN 201410438322A CN 105450337 A CN105450337 A CN 105450337A
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Prior art keywords
bit
time
ldpc code
code word
value data
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Inventor
张文军
徐洪亮
何大治
郭序峰
赵杰
杨帆
尧勇仕
史毅俊
徐胤
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Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Digital Television Co Ltd
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Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Digital Television Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种LDPC码字的交织映射方法及解交织解映射方法，包括将LDPC码字中的校验部分进行第一次比特交织得到校验比特流；将LDPC码字中的信息比特部分与校验比特流拼接成第一次比特交织后的LDPC码字；将第一次比特交织后的LDPC码字按预定长度分成连续的多个比特子块按相应的比特交换图案变换比特子块的排列顺序形成第二次比特交织后的LDPC码字；将第二次比特交织后的LDPC码字按列顺序写入并按行顺序读出得到第三次比特交织后的LDPC码字；对第三次比特交织后的LDPC码字依照星座图进行星座映射以得到符号流。针对不同的LDPC码表选择交织映射和解交织解映射方法使系统性能得到更好的提升。

Description

LDPC码字的交织和映射方法及解交织解映射方法
技术领域
本发明涉及数字电视技术领域，特别涉及一种LDPC码字的交织和映射方法及解交织解映射方法。
背景技术
在现有的广播通信标准中，LDPC编码、比特交织和星座映射是最为常见的编码调制方式。在不同的发射系统中，LDPC编码、比特交织和星座映射都需要单独设计，并且联合调试，以取得最好的信道性能。因此，如何针对特定的LDPC码字和星座映射方式形成针对性的比特交织，是本领域的一个技术难题。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题是现有技术中无法针对特定的LDPC码字和星座映射方式形成针对性的比特交织。
为解决上述问题，本发明实施例提供了一种LDPC码字的交织和映射方法，包括如下步骤：将所述LDPC码字中的校验部分进行第一次比特交织以得到校验比特流；将所述LDPC码字中的信息比特部分与所述校验比特流拼接成第一次比特交织后的LDPC码字；将所述第一次比特交织后的LDPC码字按预定长度分成连续的多个比特子块，并按照相应的比特交换图案变换所述比特子块的排列顺序以形成第二次比特交织后的LDPC码字；将所述第二次比特交织后的LDPC码字按列顺序写入存储空间并按行顺序从该存储空间内读出以得到第三次比特交织后的LDPC码字；对所述第三次比特交织后的LDPC码字依照相应的星座图进行星座映射以得到符号流。
本发明实施例还提供了一种LDPC码字的解交织解映射方法，包括如下步骤：对符号流软值数据依照相应的星座图进行软解映射处理以得到比特软值数据；其中所述符号流软值数据是接收端接收到如上述的LDPC码字的交织映射方法得到的符号流；将所述比特软值数据按行顺序写入存储空间并按列顺序从该存储空间内读出以得到第一次比特解交织后的比特软值数据；将所述第一次比特解交织后的比特软值数据按预定长度分成连续的多个比特软值数据子块，并按照相应的比特交换图案变换所述比特软值数据子块的排列顺序以形成第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据；将所述第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据中对应于LDPC码字中的校验部分的比特软值数据进行第三次比特解交织以得到第三次比特解交织后的比特软值数据；将所述第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据中与所述第三次比特解交织后的比特软值数据拼接成比特软值数据流；对所述比特软值数据流进行LDPC译码处理以得到解码后的比特流数据。
与现有技术相比，本发明技术方案具有以下优点：
针对特定的LDPC码表选择相应的交织映射以及解交织解映射方法以使系统性能得到更好的提升。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种LDPC码字的交织映射方法的具体实施方式的流程示意图；
图2是本发明的一种LDPC码字的解交织解映射方法的具体实施方式的流程示意图；
图3是本发明的一种LDPC码字的交织映射方法中对LDPC码字中的校验部分进行第一次比特交织以得到校验比特流的示意图；
图4是本发明的一种LDPC码字的交织映射方法中按照比特交换图案变换所述比特子块的排列顺序的示意图。
具体实施方式
发明人发现现有技术中，无法针对特定的LDPC码字和星座映射方式形成针对性的比特交织。
针对上述问题，发明人经过研究，提供了一种LDPC码字的交织映射方法及解交织解映射方法，针对不同的LDPC码表选择相应的交织映射以及解交织解映射方法以使系统性能得到更好的提升。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
在本发明实施例中，发射机端为：首先将信源编码、BCH编码后的比特流输入到LDPC编码器进行特定码率码长的LDPC码字的编码，之后输入比特交织器，按照某种特定的比特交织图案方法进行交织处理，随后将比特交织处理后的数据进行对应码率的1024QAM星座映射，之后进行调制，发射，经历信道。接收机端为：将经过信道后的数据进行解调，然后解调后的数据输入解映射模块，进行1024QAM解映射。之后将解映射模块输出的比特软值信息输入到解交织模块进行解交织，之后输出到LDPC译码器，对其进行基于特定的LDPC码字的译码，最后解码输出比特流。
如图1所示的是本发明的一种LDPC码字的交织映射方法的具体实施方式的流程示意图。参考图1，LDPC码字的交织映射方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S11：将所述LDPC码字中的校验部分进行第一次比特交织以得到校验比特流；
步骤S12：将所述LDPC码字中的信息比特部分与所述校验比特流拼接成第一次比特交织后的LDPC码字；
步骤S13：将所述第一次比特交织后的LDPC码字按预定长度分成连续的多个比特子块，并按照相应的比特交换图案变换所述比特子块的排列顺序以形成第二次比特交织后的LDPC码字；
步骤S14：将所述第二次比特交织后的LDPC码字按列顺序写入存储空间并按行顺序从该存储空间内读出以得到第三次比特交织后的LDPC码字；
步骤S15：对所述第三次比特交织后的LDPC码字依照相应的星座图进行星座映射以得到符号流。
在本实施例中，所述步骤S11具体包括如下步骤：将所述LDPC码字中的校验部分按列顺序写入存储空间并按行顺序从该存储空间内读出以得到校验比特流。
具体地，对生成LDPC码字的检验部分进行比特交织：LDPC码字的校验部分共M个比特，按列写到一个存储空间内，每列Q个比特，共L列，也就是说M＝Q*L，接着按行顺序读出。其具体实施过程参考图3所示。
在所述步骤S13中，将所述第一次比特交织后的LDPC码字按预定长度分成连续的多个比特子块，其中所述预定长度为320。进一步地，按照相应的比特交换图案变换所述比特子块的排列顺序以形成第二次比特交织后的LDPC码字。其具体过程详见图4所示，在图4中，(m0,m1,...,mN/320-1)是320长度比特子块的比特交换图案。
具体地，LDPC码表中的LDPC码字的码长为57600,相应的比特交换图案为：
9114214528452660301791081216911079117
7014641759814161726110364158147127105
27663825015016511335214412668131821319
17422851168013581116212858130103181119
1128814312943901256577624321768652134
14936101164011184961181571515414117122
1815962161511152923163575155953201327
4656136491771714148481339737178152
891233410687679915355104121201247483
1141691001401701547893168139125156
9563949138331447313710216010976173
471554042923107397271167175166
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，所述比特交换图案中的各个数值是指未经过比特交换前所述比特子块的位置。例如，上述比特交换图案中的第二个数值142含义是指原来未经过比特交换前第143个比特子块的如今经过比特交换后变成了第二个比特子块。
相应的星座图为：
星座点 复数符号
0 1.4800+1.4800i
1 1.2281+1.4800i
2 1.4800+1.2281i
3 1.2281+1.2281i
4 0.9212+1.4800i
5 1.0349+1.4800i
6 0.9212+1.2281i
7 1.0349+1.2281i
8 1.4800+0.9212i
9 1.2281+0.9212i
10 1.4800+1.0349i
11 1.2281+1.0349i
12 0.9212+0.9212i
13 1.0349+0.9212i
14 0.9212+1.0349i
15 1.0349+1.0349i
16 0.5810+1.4800i
17 0.5872+1.4800i
18 0.5810+1.2281i
19 0.5872+1.2281i
20 0.7604+1.4800i
21 0.7213+1.4800i
22 0.7604+1.2281i
23 0.7213+1.2281i
[0041]
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32 1.4800+0.5810i
33 1.2281+0.5810i
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35 1.2281+0.5872i
36 0.9212+0.5810i
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64 0.0773+1.4800i
[0042]
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92 0.3086+0.9212i
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96 0.0773+0.5810i
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100 0.1614+0.5810i
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104 0.0773+0.7604i
105 0.0773+0.7604i
[0043]
106 0.0773+0.7213i
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128 1.4800+0.0773i
129 1.2281+0.0773i
130 1.4800+0.0773i
131 1.2281+0.0773i
132 0.9212+0.0773i
133 1.0349+0.0773i
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135 1.0349+0.0773i
136 1.4800+0.1614i
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144 0.5810+0.0773i
145 0.5872+0.0773i
146 0.5810+0.0773i
[0044]
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[0045]
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210 0.4163+0.0773i
211 0.4159+0.0773i
212 0.3086+0.0773i
213 0.3085+0.0773i
214 0.3086+0.0773i
215 0.3085+0.0773i
216 0.4163+0.1614i
217 0.4159+0.1614i
218 0.4163+0.1614i
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227 0.0773+0.4159i
228 0.1614+0.4163i
[0046]
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[0047]
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1006 -0.1614-0.3085i
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[0065]
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1021 -0.3085-0.3086i
1022 -0.3086-0.3085i
1023 -0.3085-0.3085i
在所述步骤S14中，例如，对于码长为57600比特的LDPC码字(经第二次比特交织后的LDPC码字)，将其按列顺序写入存储空间并按行顺序从该存储空间内读出，其中每列5760比特，共10列。
之后对上述比特交织后的比特流数据(b0,b1,...,bN-1)，根据1024QAM星座图，每十个二进制比特序列所对应的十进制数映射到某一个星座点，得到符号流(每个复数符号对应一个星座点)。例如，输入的十个比特‘0000001101’对应十进制数为13，则对应到1024QAM星座图中的1.2612+0.8427i的星座点，该星座点在实数轴和虚数轴上的显示为，实数轴1.2612、虚数轴0.8427。然后在调制模块利用符号流进行生成OFDM符号，最后发射。
在本实施例中，所述LDPC码字是对信源编码后的比特流经特定的LDPC编码后得到，其中所述特定的LDPC编码可以采用现有技术来实现。
具体地，该LDPC的码字以L×L(L通常为320)为子块大小，码表如下：
表1码率1/2Nldpc＝57600,L×L＝320×320,Q＝90，M＝28800
其编码方法如下：
将信源编码后的比特流，拆分为一个个信息块，每个信息块由K个信息比特组成，表示为S＝(s0,s1,...,sK-1)。按图1中的特定LDPC编码，是要根据S＝(s0,s1,...,sK-1)生成M个校验比特P＝(p0,p1,...,pM-1)。即得到N个比特的码字Λ＝(λ0,λ1,...,λN-1)，其中N＝K+M。Λ又可以表示为，Λ＝(s0,s1,...,sK-1,p0,p1,...,pM-1)。
编码的步骤为：
1)初始化λi＝si，i＝0,1,...,K-1。pj＝0，j＝0,1,...,M-1
2)对信息比特λ0，对以码表中的第一行数字为地址的校验比特进行累加，举表1码率1/2，码长57600的码表为例：
p 555 = p 555 ⊕ λ 0 , p 1322 = p 1322 ⊕ λ 0 , p 2049 = p 2049 ⊕ λ 0 , . . . . . . , p 27243 = p 27243 ⊕ λ 0 , p 27484 = p 27484 ⊕ λ 0 . .
3)对于接下来的L-1个信息比特，(通常L＝320)，λm,m＝1,2,…L-1，将每个信息比特分别与按照如下y为地址的校验比特进行累加：
y＝{x+(mmod320)×Q}modM
其中，x是指与λ0相关的校验位地址，举表1为例，x即码表中第一行的数字：
55513222049295338995472617667036789773682868434959410339
106681128811431123201318014243151411579919040191172050520866
2116121592219012223923017231622348723901263132724327484。
而其中M是校验比特的数量，也是校验矩阵行的数量，L是校验矩阵中子块的大小，通常为320.
举表1的码字为例子，
Q = M L = 28800 320 = 90 .
p 645 = p 645 ⊕ λ 1 , p 1412 = p 1412 ⊕ λ 1 , p 2139 = p 2139 ⊕ λ 1 , . . . . . . , p 27333 = p 27333 ⊕ λ 1 , p 27574 = p 27574 ⊕ λ 1 . .
4)对于第L个信息比特λL，按照码表中的第二行数字地址对校验比特进行累加。同样的对于第L个信息比特λL接下来的L-1个信息比特，继续按照步骤3)中的公式对校验比特进行累加，这时候步骤三种的公式的x即码表中第二行的数字。
5)同理，对于第2L、3L、4L…iL…个信息比特，按照码表中分别第3、4、5、…、(i+1)L....行的地址对校验比特进行累加，而其信息比特之后的L-1个信息比特则分别按照步骤3)中的公式对校验比特进行累加，注意这时候步骤三种的公式的x对应的是当前第iL个信息比特所对应的码表中的行，比如第iL个信息比特之后的L-1个比特，其应用步骤3)中的公式的时候对应的x的地址为码表中的第(i+1)行。
6)做完步骤5)之后，做如下操作：
其中i＝1,2,3,……，M-1。
本发明实施例还提供了一种LDPC码字的解交织解映射方法。如图2所示的是本发明的一种LDPC码字的解交织解映射方法的具体实施方式的流程示意图。参考图2，LDPC码字的解交织解映射方法包括如下步骤：
步骤S21：对符号流软值数据依照相应的星座图进行软解映射处理以得到比特软值数据；
步骤S22：将所述比特软值数据按行顺序写入存储空间并按列顺序从该存储空间内读出以得到第一次比特解交织后的比特软值数据；
步骤S23：将所述第一次比特解交织后的比特软值数据按预定长度分成连续的多个比特软值数据子块，并按照相应的比特交换图案变换所述比特软值数据子块的排列顺序以形成第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据；
步骤S24：将所述第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据中对应于LDPC码字中的校验部分的比特软值数据进行第三次比特解交织以得到第三次比特解交织后的比特软值数据；
步骤S25：将所述第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据中与所述第三次比特解交织后的比特软值数据拼接成比特软值数据流；
步骤S26：对所述比特软值数据流进行LDPC译码处理以得到解码后的比特流数据。
在本实施例中，所述步骤S24具体包括：将所述第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据中对应于LDPC码字中的校验部分的比特软值数据按行顺序写入存储空间并按列顺序从该存储空间内读出以得到第三次比特解交织后的比特软值数据。通过上述的LDPC的编码、交织及调制方式，可以使系统在AWGN信道下的门限达到16.78，在瑞利衰落信道下的门限达到19.38，可以有效地增加覆盖率。
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改，因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种LDPC码字的交织映射方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
将所述LDPC码字中的校验部分进行第一次比特交织以得到校验比特流；
将所述LDPC码字中的信息比特部分与所述校验比特流拼接成第一次比特交织后的LDPC码字；
将所述第一次比特交织后的LDPC码字按预定长度分成连续的多个比特子块，并按照相应的比特交换图案变换所述比特子块的排列顺序以形成第二次比特交织后的LDPC码字；
将所述第二次比特交织后的LDPC码字按列顺序写入存储空间并按行顺序从该存储空间内读出，得到第三次比特交织后的LDPC码字；
对所述第三次比特交织后的LDPC码字依照相应的星座图进行星座映射以得到符号流；其中，所述比特交换图案和所述星座图都与不同码率的LDPC码表相对应。
2.如权利要求1所述的LDPC码字的交织映射方法，其特征在于，将所述LDPC码字中的校验部分进行第一次比特交织以得到校验比特流包括：
将所述LDPC码字中的校验部分按列顺序写入存储空间并按行顺序从该存储空间内读出以得到校验比特流。
3.如权利要求1所述的LDPC码字的交织映射方法，其特征在于，所述预定长度为320比特。
4.如权利要求1所述的LDPC码字的交织映射方法，其特征在于，所述LDPC码表中LDPC码字的码长为57600比特、码率为1/2；
码表为：
相应的比特交换图案为：
911421452845266030179108121691107911770
14641759814161726110364158147127105
27663825015016511335214412668131821319
17422851168013581116212858130103181119
1128814312943901256577624321768652134
14936101164011184961181571515414117122
1815962161511152923163575155953201327
4656136491771714148481339737178152
891233410687679915355104121201247483
1141691001401701547893168139125156
9563949138331447313710216010976173
471554042923107397271167175166
相应的星座图为：
星座点 复数符号 0 1.4800+1.4800i 1 1.2281+1.4800i 2 1.4800+1.2281i 3 1.2281+1.2281i 4 0.9212+1.4800i 5 1.0349+1.4800i 6 0.9212+1.2281i 7 1.0349+1.2281i 8 1.4800+0.9212i 9 1.2281+0.9212i 10 1.4800+1.0349i 11 1.2281+1.0349i 12 0.9212+0.9212i 13 1.0349+0.9212i 14 0.9212+1.0349i 15 1.0349+1.0349i 16 0.5810+1.4800i 17 0.5872+1.4800i 18 0.5810+1.2281i 19 0.5872+1.2281i 20 0.7604+1.4800i 21 0.7213+1.4800i 22 0.7604+1.2281i 23 0.7213+1.2281i 24 0.5810+0.9212i 25 0.5872+0.9212i 26 0.5810+1.0349i 27 0.5872+1.0349i 28 0.7604+0.9212i 29 0.7213+0.9212i 30 0.7604+1.0349i 31 0.7213+1.0349i 32 1.4800+0.5810i 33 1.2281+0.5810i 34 1.4800+0.5872i 35 1.2281+0.5872i 36 0.9212+0.5810i
37 1.0349+0.5810i 38 0.9212+0.5872i 39 1.0349+0.5872i 40 1.4800+0.7604i 41 1.2281+0.7604i 42 1.4800+0.7213i 43 1.2281+0.7213i 44 0.9212+0.7604i 45 1.0349+0.7604i 46 0.9212+0.7213i 47 1.0349+0.7213i 48 0.5810+0.5810i 49 0.5872+0.5810i 50 0.5810+0.5872i 51 0.5872+0.5872i 52 0.7604+0.5810i 53 0.7213+0.5810i 54 0.7604+0.5872i 55 0.7213+0.5872i 56 0.5810+0.7604i 57 0.5872+0.7604i 58 0.5810+0.7213i 59 0.5872+0.7213i 60 0.7604+0.7604i 61 0.7213+0.7604i 62 0.7604+0.7213i 63 0.7213+0.7213i 64 0.0773+1.4800i 65 0.0773+1.4800i 66 0.0773+1.2281i 67 0.0773+1.2281i 68 0.1614+1.4800i 69 0.1614+1.4800i 70 0.1614+1.2281i 71 0.1614+1.2281i 72 0.0773+0.9212i 73 0.0773+0.9212i 74 0.0773+1.0349i 75 0.0773+1.0349i 76 0.1614+0.9212i 77 0.1614+0.9212i
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119 0.3085+0.5872i 120 0.4163+0.7604i 121 0.4159+0.7604i 122 0.4163+0.7213i 123 0.4159+0.7213i 124 0.3086+0.7604i 125 0.3085+0.7604i 126 0.3086+0.7213i 127 0.3085+0.7213i 128 1.4800+0.0773i 129 1.2281+0.0773i 130 1.4800+0.0773i 131 1.2281+0.0773i 132 0.9212+0.0773i 133 1.0349+0.0773i 134 0.9212+0.0773i 135 1.0349+0.0773i 136 1.4800+0.1614i 137 1.2281+0.1614i 138 1.4800+0.1614i 139 1.2281+0.1614i 140 0.9212+0.1614i 141 1.0349+0.1614i 142 0.9212+0.1614i 143 1.0349+0.1614i 144 0.5810+0.0773i 145 0.5872+0.0773i 146 0.5810+0.0773i 147 0.5872+0.0773i 148 0.7604+0.0773i 149 0.7213+0.0773i 150 0.7604+0.0773i 151 0.7213+0.0773i 152 0.5810+0.1614i 153 0.5872+0.1614i 154 0.5810+0.1614i 155 0.5872+0.1614i 156 0.7604+0.1614i 157 0.7213+0.1614i 158 0.7604+0.1614i 159 0.7213+0.1614i
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1021 -0.3085-0.3086i 1022 -0.3086-0.3085i 1023 -0.3085-0.3085i
5.如权利要求1所述的LDPC码字的交织映射方法，其特征在于，所述按列顺序的数目为10列。
6.一种LDPC码字的解交织解映射方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
对符号流软值数据依照相应的星座图进行软解映射处理以得到比特软值数据；其中所述符号流软值数据是接收端接收到如权利要求1所述的LDPC码字的交织映射方法得到的符号流；
将所述比特软值数据按行顺序写入存储空间并按列顺序从该存储空间内读出以得到第一次比特解交织后的比特软值数据；
将所述第一次比特解交织后的比特软值数据按预定长度分成连续的多个比特软值数据子块，并按照相应的比特交换图案变换所述比特软值数据子块的排列顺序以形成第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据；
将所述第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据中对应于LDPC码字中的校验部分的比特软值数据进行第三次比特解交织以得到第三次比特解交织后的比特软值数据；
将所述第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据中与所述第三次比特解交织后的比特软值数据拼接成比特软值数据流；
对所述比特软值数据流进行LDPC译码处理以得到解码后的比特流数据。
7.如权利要求6所述的LDPC码字的解交织解映射方法，其特征在于，所述将所述第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据中对应于LDPC码字中的校验部分的比特软值数据进行第三次比特解交织以得到第三次比特解交织后的比特软值数据包括：
将所述第二次比特解交织后的比特软值数据中对应于LDPC码字中的校验部分的比特软值数据按行顺序写入存储空间并按列顺序从该存储空间内读出，所述按行写入并按列顺序读出的列数为10列，得到第三次比特解交织后的比特软值数据。
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