CN105447905B - Three-dimensional scenic approximation soft shadows method for drafting based on observability smothing filtering - Google Patents
Three-dimensional scenic approximation soft shadows method for drafting based on observability smothing filtering Download PDFInfo
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- CN105447905B CN105447905B CN201510827331.7A CN201510827331A CN105447905B CN 105447905 B CN105447905 B CN 105447905B CN 201510827331 A CN201510827331 A CN 201510827331A CN 105447905 B CN105447905 B CN 105447905B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
- G06T15/06—Ray-tracing
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
- G06T15/50—Lighting effects
- G06T15/60—Shadow generation
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of three-dimensional scenic approximation soft shadows ray trace method for drafting based on observability smothing filtering.This method introduces the smoothing filtering operation of the light source observability to visible scene point in normal light trace flow, and direct illumination value is modulated with filtered light source observability result, draw out vision approximation soft shadows so as to be irradiated in spot light in three-dimensional scenic.The time overhead very little of the observability smoothing filtering operation of this method, ray trace will not be caused to draw the obvious reduction of speed.Using this method, the three-dimensional scenic drawing program based on ray trace can be made while real-time, interactive requirement is met, support the drafting of the lighting effects such as mirror-reflection, soft shadows.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3 D image drawing technical field, and it is near to be related to a kind of three-dimensional scenic based on observability smothing filtering
Like soft shadows method for drafting.
Background technology
Ray tracking technology has been widely used in 3 D image drawing field.Compared to traditional rasterisation graphics
Shape rendering technique, ray trace can draw out the global illumination effect of complexity, but its computation complexity is also higher.For a light
Three-dimensional scenic under the irradiation of source, for current hardware computing capability, the frame of ray trace, which draws speed, can substantially meet
Real-time, interactive requirement.However, when three-dimensional scenic includes more geometry dough sheet, and need to draw soft caused by area source irradiation
During shade, the frame of ray trace draws speed and is then difficult to meet real-time, interactive requirement.Caused by spot light irradiation three-dimensional scenic
Shadow region seamlessly transitting to nonshaded area is not present in shade, is referred to as hard shade, its sense of reality is not strong.Played in three-dimensional computer
Etc application in, it is existing draw global illumination effect requirement, also require frame draw speed can meet real-time, interactive needs.
Often can only be spot light source modeling if drawing scene of game with ray tracking technology.If in fact, can be
In the case that source modeling is spot light, the approximate soft shadowing of vision is added in the picture that ray trace is drawn,
Even if the soft shadows then drawn out is not physically right-on, it can also strengthen the visual realism for drawing picture.It is worth
It is noted that in most of three-dimensional scenics, shade caused by indirect light photograph is visually far from cloudy caused by direct illumination
Shadow is obvious.Therefore, as long as being obtained with that there is good shade vision to imitate for direct illumination calculation vision approximation soft shadows
The three-dimensional scenic picture of fruit.The present invention is directed to the demand, and open one kind realizes that spot light shines using observability smothing filtering
Penetrate the ray trace method for drafting of the vision approximation soft shadows of three-dimensional scenic.This method only need to be in the ray trace flow of routine
The light source observability smoothing filtering operation of middle increase visible scene point, you can draw out the approximate soft shadows of vision.
The content of the invention
Fig. 1 show the three-dimensional scenic under a spot light irradiation, and the light that spot light is sent is by shadow-casting geometry pair
Block as 104, received in shade and form shade in geometric object 105；Visible scene point 101, visible scene point 102 and can visual field
Sight spot 103 is three points in shade reception geometric object 105；Visible scene point be exactly in the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic with
Blocked and directly visual point without other geometric objects between viewpoint.The technical scheme of this method is：Void is emitted through from viewpoint
Intend the ray at the center of each pixel on pixel planes, generation M × N bar camera light A001, M are in virtual pixel plane
Number of lines of pixels, N are the pixel columns in virtual pixel plane；Create one and include M rows, the two-dimensional array A002 of N column elements,
Array A002 each element is entered as 1；If camera light corresponding to the i-th row, jth row pixel in virtual pixel plane
There is friendship between A003 and the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic, then calculate position of intersecting point A004, the position of intersecting point A004 nearest from viewpoint
The light source observability at place and do not consider direct illumination value at position of intersecting point A004 when geometric object is blocked, 1≤i≤M, 1
≤j≤N；If not blocking geometric object between position of intersecting point A004 and spot light, spot light antinode position A004 can
See, the i-th row, the element of jth row array A002 are entered as 1, otherwise the i-th row array A002, the element assignment of jth row
For 0；According to the indirect illumination value at the ray trace workflow management position of intersecting point A004 of routine；When all camera light A001's
After the completion of tracking operation all, array A002 as greyscale image data, using seeking the average method of spatial neighborhood to array
A002 carries out smothing filtering, and filtered result is stored in two-dimensional array A005；The i-th row in virtual pixel plane,
Total illumination value corresponding to jth row pixel multiplies equal to directly illumination value corresponding to the i-th row in virtual pixel plane, jth row pixel
The element value arranged with array A005 the i-th row, jth, between corresponding to the i-th row in virtual pixel plane, jth row pixel
Connect illumination value.
The specific implementation step of this method is as follows：
Step001：The ray at the center for each pixel being emitted through from viewpoint in virtual pixel plane, generate M × N bars
Camera light A001, M are the number of lines of pixels in virtual pixel plane, and N is the pixel columns in virtual pixel plane, virtual pixel
Pixel in plane corresponds with M × N bar camera light A001；
Step002：One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimensional array A002 of N column elements, array
The initial value of A002 all elements is arranged to 1；One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimemsional number of N column elements
Group ILD；One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimensional array ILI of N column elements；Array ILD all members
The initial value of element is arranged to 0；The initial value of array ILI all elements is arranged to 0；
Step003：To camera light A003,1≤i≤M corresponding to the i-th row in virtual pixel plane, jth row pixel, 1
≤ j≤N, is done as follows：
Step003-1：Judge whether light A003 intersects with the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic, if intersecting, go to step
Step003-2, otherwise go to step Step003-3；
Step003-2：Calculate the position of intersecting point A004 nearest from viewpoint；Calculating does not consider that geometric object blocks point light sources
Directly illumination value B005 caused by the position of intersecting point A004；One line segment is determined by position of intersecting point A004 and spot light position
B006, judges whether line segment B006 intersects in addition to two end points with the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic, if it is, array A002
The i-th row, jth row element be entered as 0；Produced according to normal light trace flow at position of intersecting point A004 new recurrence with
Track light, to calculate the indirect illumination value B007 at position of intersecting point A004；The i-th row, the element assignment of jth row array ILD
For direct illumination value B005；The i-th row, the element of jth row array ILI are entered as indirect illumination value B007；Go to step
Step003-4；
Step003-3：The i-th row, the element of jth row array ILD are entered as background illumination value；
Step003-4：Operation for light A003 terminates；
Step004：To camera light A003 execution of step Step003 corresponding to each pixel in virtual pixel plane
All operations after, array A002 as the normalized greyscale image data of gray value, with based on asking spatial neighborhood average
Image smoothing filtering technique method is filtered to array A002, and result is stored in two-dimensional array A005；
Step005：One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimensional array IIMAG of N column elements；Array
A005 the i-th row, the value of jth column element and array ILD the i-th row, jth column element value product along with array ILI's
I-th row, jth column element value obtained by result be assigned to array IIMAG the i-th row, jth column element, 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤
N；After value has been assigned for array IIMAG each element, the photometric data in array IIMAG is converted to three-dimensional scenic picture figure
As in the image file in data output to hard disk.
Beneficial effect
The invention provides a kind of three-dimensional scenic approximation soft shadows ray trace drafting based on observability smothing filtering
Method.The light source observability for the visible scene point that the method for the present invention passes through the three-dimensional scenic irradiated to spot light is smoothly filtered
Ripple, vision approximation soft shadows can be drawn out by ray trace operations.The parallel acceleration techniques of existing GPU are made full use of,
The light source observability smoothing filtering operation of this method does not take, and can quickly complete.Therefore this method can be in unobvious
Under conditions of the calculating time overhead for increasing ray trace, the vision approximation soft shadows of spot light irradiation three-dimensional scenic is realized
Draw, so as to strengthen the sense of reality for the three-dimensional scenic picture drawn out.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional scenic under spot light irradiation and the light source observability change between adjacent visual scene point.
Embodiment
In order that the feature and advantage of this method are more clearly understood, this method is made into one with reference to specific embodiment
The description of step.Computer in the present embodiment is equipped with Intel XeonTM CPU 3.20GHz, Jin Shidun 8GB DDR3 1333
Deposit, the TU2 hard disks of Buffalo HD-CE 1.5, tall and handsome reach Quadro K2000 GPU；Software programming tools selection VC++2010,
OpenGL 2.0 and CUDA 2.0.In the present embodiment, the situation of a spot light irradiation three-dimensional scenic is considered.
Fig. 1 show the three-dimensional scenic under a spot light irradiation, and the light that spot light is sent is by shadow-casting geometry pair
Block as 104, received in shade and form shade in geometric object 105；Visible scene point 101, visible scene point 102 and can visual field
Sight spot 103 is three points in shade reception geometric object 105；Visible scene point be exactly in the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic with
Blocked and directly visual point without other geometric objects between viewpoint.The technical scheme of this method is：Void is emitted through from viewpoint
Intend the ray at the center of each pixel on pixel planes, generation M × N bar camera light A001, M are in virtual pixel plane
Number of lines of pixels, N are the pixel columns in virtual pixel plane；Create one and include M rows, the two-dimensional array A002 of N column elements,
Array A002 each element is entered as 1；If camera light corresponding to the i-th row, jth row pixel in virtual pixel plane
There is friendship between A003 and the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic, then calculate position of intersecting point A004, the position of intersecting point A004 nearest from viewpoint
The light source observability at place and do not consider direct illumination value at position of intersecting point A004 when geometric object is blocked, 1≤i≤M, 1
≤j≤N；If not blocking geometric object between position of intersecting point A004 and spot light, spot light antinode position A004 can
See, the i-th row, the element of jth row array A002 are entered as 1, otherwise the i-th row array A002, the element assignment of jth row
For 0；According to the indirect illumination value at the ray trace workflow management position of intersecting point A004 of routine；When all camera light A001's
After the completion of tracking operation all, array A002 as greyscale image data, using seeking the average method of spatial neighborhood to array
A002 carries out smothing filtering, and filtered result is stored in two-dimensional array A005；The i-th row in virtual pixel plane,
Total illumination value corresponding to jth row pixel multiplies equal to directly illumination value corresponding to the i-th row in virtual pixel plane, jth row pixel
The element value arranged with array A005 the i-th row, jth, between corresponding to the i-th row in virtual pixel plane, jth row pixel
Connect illumination value.
The specific implementation step of this method is as follows：
Step001：The ray at the center for each pixel being emitted through from viewpoint in virtual pixel plane, generate M × N bars
Camera light A001, M are the number of lines of pixels in virtual pixel plane, and N is the pixel columns in virtual pixel plane, virtual pixel
Pixel in plane corresponds with M × N bar camera light A001；
Step002：One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimensional array A002 of N column elements, array
The initial value of A002 all elements is arranged to 1；One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimemsional number of N column elements
Group ILD；One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimensional array ILI of N column elements；Array ILD all members
The initial value of element is arranged to 0；The initial value of array ILI all elements is arranged to 0；
Step003：To camera light A003,1≤i≤M corresponding to the i-th row in virtual pixel plane, jth row pixel, 1
≤ j≤N, is done as follows：
Step003-1：Judge whether light A003 intersects with the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic, if intersecting, go to step
Step003-2, otherwise go to step Step003-3；
Step003-2：Calculate the position of intersecting point A004 nearest from viewpoint；Calculating does not consider that geometric object blocks point light sources
Directly illumination value B005 caused by the position of intersecting point A004；One line segment is determined by position of intersecting point A004 and spot light position
B006, judges whether line segment B006 intersects in addition to two end points with the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic, if it is, array A002
The i-th row, jth row element be entered as 0；Produced according to normal light trace flow at position of intersecting point A004 new recurrence with
Track light, to calculate the indirect illumination value B007 at position of intersecting point A004；The i-th row, the element assignment of jth row array ILD
For direct illumination value B005；The i-th row, the element of jth row array ILI are entered as indirect illumination value B007；Go to step
Step003-4；
Step003-3：The i-th row, the element of jth row array ILD are entered as background illumination value；
Step003-4：Operation for light A003 terminates；
Step004：To camera light A003 execution of step Step003 corresponding to each pixel in virtual pixel plane
All operations after, array A002 as the normalized greyscale image data of gray value, with based on asking spatial neighborhood average
Image smoothing filtering technique method is filtered to array A002, and result is stored in two-dimensional array A005；
Step005：One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimensional array IIMAG of N column elements；Array
A005 the i-th row, the value of jth column element and array ILD the i-th row, jth column element value product along with array ILI's
I-th row, jth column element value obtained by result be assigned to array IIMAG the i-th row, jth column element, 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤
N；After value has been assigned for array IIMAG each element, the photometric data in array IIMAG is converted to three-dimensional scenic picture figure
As in the image file in data output to hard disk.
The present embodiment accelerates image smoothing filtering technique to operate using GPU.Filtered based on the average image smoothing of spatial neighborhood is sought
Ripple operation is averaging on 11 × 11 spatial neighborhood.
Claims (1)
1. the three-dimensional scenic approximation soft shadows method for drafting based on observability smothing filtering, it is characterised in that required realization
Step is as follows：
The ray at the center for each pixel being emitted through from viewpoint in virtual pixel plane, generate M × N bar camera light
A001, M are the number of lines of pixels in virtual pixel plane, and N is the pixel columns in virtual pixel plane；Create one comprising M rows,
The two-dimensional array A002 of N column elements, array A002 each element is entered as 1；If i-th in virtual pixel plane
Row, there is friendship between camera light A003 and the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic corresponding to jth row pixel, then calculate nearest from viewpoint
Light source observability at position of intersecting point A004, position of intersecting point A004 and do not consider position of intersecting point A004 when geometric object is blocked
The direct illumination value at place, 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤N；If not blocking geometric object between position of intersecting point A004 and spot light,
Then spot light antinode position A004 is visible, and the i-th row, the element of jth row array A002 are entered as 1, otherwise array
A002 the i-th row, the element of jth row is entered as 0；According to indirect at the ray trace workflow management position of intersecting point A004 of routine
Illumination value；After the completion of all camera light A001 tracking operation all, array A002 as greyscale image data, using asking
The average method of spatial neighborhood carries out smothing filtering to array A002, and filtered result is stored in two-dimensional array A005
In；Total illumination value corresponding to the i-th row, jth row pixel in virtual pixel plane is equal to the i-th row in virtual pixel plane, jth
Direct illumination value corresponding to row pixel is multiplied by array A005 the i-th row, the element value of jth row, along with virtual pixel plane
The i-th row, indirect illumination value corresponding to jth row pixel；
The specific implementation step of this method is as follows：
Step001：The ray at the center for each pixel being emitted through from viewpoint in virtual pixel plane, generate M × N bar cameras
Light A001, M are the number of lines of pixels in virtual pixel plane, and N is the pixel columns in virtual pixel plane, virtual pixel plane
On pixel and M × N bar camera light A001 correspond；
Step002：One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimensional array A002 of N column elements, array A002
The initial values of all elements be arranged to 1；One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimensional array of N column elements
ILD；One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimensional array ILI of N column elements；Array ILD all elements
Initial value be arranged to 0；The initial value of array ILI all elements is arranged to 0；
Step003：To camera light A003,1≤i≤M, 1≤j corresponding to the i-th row in virtual pixel plane, jth row pixel
≤ N, is done as follows：
Step003-1：Judge whether light A003 intersects with the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic, if intersecting, go to step
Step003-2, otherwise go to step Step003-3；
Step003-2：Calculate the position of intersecting point A004 nearest from viewpoint；Calculating does not consider that geometric object is blocked point light sources and handed over
Directly illumination value B005 caused by point position A004；One line segment is determined by position of intersecting point A004 and spot light position
B006, judges whether line segment B006 intersects in addition to two end points with the geometric object of three-dimensional scenic, if it is, array A002
The i-th row, jth row element be entered as 0；Produced according to normal light trace flow at position of intersecting point A004 new recurrence with
Track light, to calculate the indirect illumination value B007 at position of intersecting point A004；The i-th row, the element assignment of jth row array ILD
For direct illumination value B005；The i-th row, the element of jth row array ILI are entered as indirect illumination value B007；Go to step
Step003-4；
Step003-3：The i-th row, the element of jth row array ILD are entered as background illumination value；
Step003-4：Operation for light A003 terminates；
Step004：To the institute of camera light A003 execution of step Step003 corresponding to each pixel in virtual pixel plane
After having operation, array A002 as the normalized greyscale image data of gray value, with based on seeking the average image of spatial neighborhood
Smooth filtering method is filtered to array A002, and result is stored in two-dimensional array A005；
Step005：One is created in the internal memory of computer and includes M rows, the two-dimensional array IIMAG of N column elements；Array A005
The i-th row, value and array ILD the i-th row of jth column element, the product of value of jth column element add the i-th of array ILI
Go, the result obtained by the value of jth column element is assigned to array IIMAG the i-th row, jth column element, 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤N；
For array IIMAG each element assigned value after, the photometric data in array IIMAG is converted to three-dimensional scenic picture image number
According to being output in the image file on hard disk.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106228599B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2019-04-05 | 长春理工大学 | Approximate soft shadows method for drafting based on two-stage visibility smothing filtering |
| CN106485778B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2019-03-05 | 长春理工大学 | The method that three-dimensional scenic approximation soft shadows is drawn is realized using position sensing visibility smothing filtering |
| CN109493412B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2022-10-21 | 长春理工大学 | Oversampling ray tracing method for multiplexing scene point light source visibility |
| CN109472854B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2022-10-21 | 长春理工大学 | GPU parallel ray tracing cluster rendering task dynamic equilibrium allocation method |
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