CN105445730B - A kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System and its method based on angle diversity - Google Patents
A kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System and its method based on angle diversity Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S13/589—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems measuring the velocity vector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
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- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System and its method based on angle diversity, the Spaceborne SAR System includes two radar antennas placed along satellite flight direction, two radar antennas produce two radar beams respectively, and two wave beams have different angles of squint and can be in the same region on different time irradiation seas.Inverting is carried out to Sea Current using doppler centroid as observational variable using the Spaceborne SAR System；The complete velocity of ocean current is obtained, i.e., not only the radial velocity information including ocean current also includes orientation velocity information to the Ocean current information that inverting is obtained.Compared to traditional sea flow field inverting means, such as field observation, land-based radar are observed, and the Sea Current Spaceborne SAR System proposed by the present invention based on angle diversity is capable of the Sea Current of inverting global range, fully understand the change in time and space of ocean current；And can round-the-clock, all weather operations, do not limited by meteorological condition.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to marine remote sensing technology field, and in particular to a kind of Sea Current inverting based on angle diversity is spaceborne
SAR system.
Background technology
A variety of physics in formation and change and ocean of the ocean current to the climate and weather in ocean overhead, chemistry, it is biological with
And geological process has important influence and restrictive function.Such as, the ocean current for flowing to high latitude by low latitudes can cause steam upward
Conveying so that air humidity increases and produces precipitation；And the ocean current for flowing to low latitudes by high latitude can produce inversion, steam is difficult
It is delivered up, evaporates weaker and be difficult into rain.In addition, ocean current militarily also has important meaning.For navy fight, ocean current
It is one of key factor that operation considers, reduction war consumption reasonably can be played to operation using ocean current, increases raising for triumph
Code, conversely, adverse effect can be played to war by not considering the influence of ocean current, even results in failure.The acquisition of Ocean current information is in the people
Also play the role of with aspect it is important, such as, and the selection of trade ships' routing will with reference to ocean current situation etc..Therefore, global range
Sea Current information inverting either for research ocean some features in itself, or the gas closely related with ocean
Time, weather, or even Military Application play vital effect.However, ocean current is satellite remote sensing drive marine parameter at present
In a most jejune parameter, go back the special satellite remote sensing flow measurement business sensor of neither one.
The observation procedure in sea flow field mainly includes the modes such as field observation, land-based radar observation, satellite remote sensing observation.It is first
First, a kind of relatively straightforward mode of ratio of measurement ocean current is exactly " field observation ".The outstanding advantages of this method are them with higher
Measurement accuracy, however, the spatial coverage of this method is limited, it is difficult to fully understand the change in time and space of ocean current, and often
The cost of secondary observation is higher, and these shortcomings cause " field observation " can not meet the demand of practical application.Secondly, land-based radar is surveyed
Ocean current is measured, X-band radar and high-frequency ground wave radar is mainly included.Flow field within X-band radar 3 kilometers of offshore of measurement, but it
Only it is more than 1 meter in wave, and the more uniform place of wave could obtain corresponding flow field.High-frequency ground wave radar is special uses
To measure the radar equipment of littoral current, but the spatial dimension of high-frequency ground wave radar measurement is limited, it is impossible to carry out global observation.
The third is satellite remote sensing current measured technology, satellite remote sensing technology mainly includes radar altimeter and obtains geostrophic current, multi-temporal remote sensing figure
As inverting sea flow field, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technical limit spacing sea flow field etc..Satellite altimeter is generally only applicable to measurement
Large-scale geostrophic current, and exist coverage cycle it is longer the problem of；Radar echo signal that altimeter is received easily by
To " pollution " and the influence of atmosphere errors from land return signal, the altimeter data within 50 kilometers of water front off sea leads to
Often can not be practical.Multidate remote sensing image inverting sea flow field is also a kind of method in satellite remote sensing sea flow field, the party
Method is to measure sea using change of the tracer (such as sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration) under action of ocean current in remote sensing images
Stream.Regrettably, the acquisition of sea surface temperature data and chlorophyll data is by the restriction of " cloud cover ", and this method
It is typically failure for " isothermal area " or " waiting chlorophyll region ".The inverting of satellite-borne SAR flow field mainly has three kinds of methods.First
The method of kind is multidate SAR image inverting sea flow field, and its method is with multidate optical imagery inversion algorithm.Second method claims
For along rail interferometric method (ATI), it utilizes two antennas placed along track, can obtained by the interferometric phase for calculating two antennas
Take radial direction Ocean current information.The third method carries out flow field inverting, the sea of this method using the Doppler center skew of single antenna
Stream radial velocity measurement precision is depended on calculates obtained doppler centroid by satellite orbit and attitude measurement data.For
Above-mentioned first method, it can overcome optical imagery to be influenceed by weather such as sexual intercourses, but equally exist similar with optical imagery
It is difficult, it is difficult to obtain the flow field on the more uniform sea of roughness, operational use is very restricted.For second and the 3rd
The method of kind, they can only all obtain radial flow fields, it is difficult to obtain sea two-dimensional vector flow field.In addition, ATI methods be also easy to by
The restriction of factors such as " scene coherence times ", and " scene coherence time " system directly relevant with Bragg scattering waves；When " scene
When coherence time " is less than " time interval of interference SAR image pair ", the precision of ATI method flow measurements will substantially be deteriorated.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of existing ocean current inversion method：Such as, existing satellite-borne SAR flow measurement method can not inverting ocean current
Full two-dimensional velocity；" field observation " method spatial coverage is limited, it is difficult to fully understand the change in time and space of ocean current；
X-band radar is only more than 1 meter in wave, and the more uniform place of wave could obtain corresponding flow field.Meanwhile, in order to fill
Advantage of the satellite-borne SAR in Sea Current inverting is waved in distribution, such as global range, round-the-clock, the ability of all weather operations, not by
Meteorological condition limitation etc., should it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity
" carrier " of the Spaceborne SAR System by the use of " doppler centroid " as Ocean current information, is capable of the two-dimension speed arrow of inverting ocean current
Amount, the i.e. radial velocity including ocean current also include the orientation speed of ocean current simultaneously.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity, including two put along satellite flight direction
The radar antenna put, two radar antennas produce two radar beams respectively, and two wave beams have different angles of squint and energy
Enough same regions on different time irradiation seas.
The echo-signal received is transferred to low-noise amplifier, low-converter or solution by two radar antennas successively respectively
Adjust device, radio frequency analog Wave beam forming module, analog signal/digital signal conversion module；In radio frequency analog Wave beam forming module, two
Array element weight coefficient used in individual antenna is different, so as to produce two wave beams with different angles of squint.
Two radar antenna alternate emission pulse signals simultaneously alternately receive echo-signal, so that time that two antennas are received
Ripple signal avoids interfering.
A kind of method of inverting Sea Current using above-mentioned Spaceborne SAR System, utilizes the ocean based on angle diversity
Two radar antennas of flow field inverting Spaceborne SAR System produce two radar beams respectively, and two radar beams have different
Angle of squint and the same region that can be irradiated in the different time on sea, so as to realize angle diversity；And with Doppler
Frequency of heart carries out inverting as observational variable to Sea Current；During inverting flow field, the ocean current of the same area will be in two radars
Antenna receives in signal and shows as two different doppler centroids, so as to be finally inversed by the complete of ocean current according to two equations
Not only the radial velocity information including ocean current also includes orientation velocity information to the Ocean current information that velocity, i.e. inverting are obtained.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) Spaceborne SAR System proposed by the present invention based on angle diversity is a brand-new satellite-borne SAR system, in ocean ring
Border field of detecting will have extraordinary application prospect.
2) compared to traditional sea flow field inverting means, such as field observation, land-based radar are observed, base proposed by the present invention
It is capable of the Sea Current of inverting global range in the Sea Current Spaceborne SAR System of angle diversity, fully understands the space-time of ocean current
Change；And can round-the-clock, all weather operations, do not limited by meteorological condition.
3) SAR-ATI methods and single-antenna SAR Doppler center offset method can only obtain ocean current radial velocity and
Complete two-dimension speed vector can not be obtained.Spaceborne SAR System proposed by the present invention based on angle diversity is solved well
This difficulties, the radial velocity information and orientation velocity information of ocean current can be obtained simultaneously.
4) for existing SAR-ATI methods, usually require that " scene coherence time " is more than " between interference SAR image pair
Every the time "；When this condition is unsatisfactory for, the flow field inversion accuracy of ATI methods will be decreased obviously.Comparatively, when using originally
When inventing the Spaceborne SAR System inverting sea flow field based on angle diversity proposed, do not limited by above-mentioned condition.
5) compared to existing flow field inverting means, the flow field inversion step of SAR system proposed by the present invention is simple and easy to apply, fortune
Calculation amount is smaller：Only need the single order phase information of SAR initial data.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity
Fig. 2 is the implementation flow of angle diversity；
Fig. 3 is Sea Current inverting flow process；
Fig. 4 is angle diversity satellite-borne SAR inverting flow field simulation result.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is further illustrated with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but present disclosure is not limited
In this.
It is a kind of Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity as shown in Figure 1, including two along satellite
The radar antenna that heading is placed, two radar antennas produce two radar beams respectively, and two wave beams have identical
Downwards angle of visibility (α in figure), but with different angles of squint, two radar beams can be same on different time irradiation seas
One piece of region.Two radar antennas respectively by the echo-signal received be transferred to successively low-noise amplifier, low-converter or
Demodulator, radio frequency analog Wave beam forming module, analog signal/digital signal conversion module.
Describe the scheme for realizing angle diversity in detail below according to Fig. 2.As shown in Fig. 2 for first radar antenna (or
Second radar antenna), the echo-signal that each bay is received after low noise amplification, down coversion (or demodulation),
Then radio frequency analog Wave beam forming is carried out, analog signal is finally carried out to the conversion of data signal.Radio frequency analog Wave beam forming
Effect is that, in order to form the antenna radiation pattern pointed to certain beam center, its implementation is exactly after being demodulated to each array element
Signal be weighted, then sum.In order that first radar antenna produces two with different from second radar antenna
The wave beam that angle is pointed to, should cause respective weight coefficient different.As shown in Fig. 2 two have the wave beam that different centers are pointed to
An angle-diversity SAR system is just constituted, now, the SAR system has two angular freedoms, wherein the first wave beam
Angle of squint isThe angle of squint of second wave beam isIt is in opposite direction that two wave beams are squinted.
Two SAR antenna alternate emission pulse signals simultaneously alternately receive echo-signal, so that time that two antennas are received
Ripple signal avoids interfering.
In terms of the selection of observational variable, the present invention is using this variable of SAR doppler centroids.
Illustrate the principle and step using angle-diversity satellite-borne SAR inverting Sea Current below according to Fig. 3.
A) the SAR echo datas for first receiving first radar antenna dimension of slow time (η) translate following time quantum (see
Fig. 1)：
Wherein, H is satellite platform height, and V is the speed of satellite platform, and α is the downwards angle of visibility of two wave beams,WithRespectively
For the angle of squint of first SAR wave beam and second SAR wave beam.
B) estimate that two antennas receive the base band Doppler center frequency of signal respectively according to average cross correlation coefficient (ACCC) method
Rate：
Wherein, f'Dc1With f'Dc2The base band Doppler center frequency of respectively first radar antenna and second radar antenna
Rate；PRF is radar pulse repetition frequency；η represents the slow time (i.e. orientation time)；s1(η) and s2(η) is respectively first radar
Antenna and second radar antenna receive Ocean Scenes echo bearing and tie up original SAR signals；∠ { } represents the phase for the number of winning the confidence.
C) utilize and estimate that first radar antenna and second radar antenna are received respectively regarding cross correlation algorithm (MLCC) more
The doppler ambiguity number M of signalamb1With Mamb2。
D) the absolute doppler centroid that two antennas receive SAR signals is calculated：
fDc1=f'Dc1+Mamb1·PRF (4)
fDc2=f'Dc2+Mamb2·PRF (5)
Wherein, fDc1With fDc2Respectively first radar antenna receives the exhausted of echo SAR signals with second radar antenna
To doppler centroid.
E) from fDc1With fDc2Middle remove is squinted caused Doppler frequency by system, is respectively obtainedWith
Wherein, λ is radar wavelength.
F) the two-dimension speed vector of ocean current,It can be calculated and obtained by following formula：
Wherein,WithThe respectively orientation speed of ocean current and distance is to speed, H2×2For one 2 × 2 matrix, its table
It is up to formula：
Wherein, []-1The inverse matrix of representing matrix (square formation).
Using the Sea Current proposed by the present invention obtained based on angle diversity Spaceborne SAR System inverting simulation result such as
Shown in Fig. 4.
To sum up, the present invention has following features：
1) the Sea Current inverting Spaceborne SAR System based on angle diversity, the full two-dimensional speed for inverting Sea Current
Spend vector.Use angle diversity Spaceborne SAR System and Sea Current is carried out using doppler centroid as observational variable anti-
Drill, not only the radial velocity information including ocean current also includes orientation velocity information to the Ocean current information that inverting is obtained.
2) two radar beams are produced respectively using two radar antennas；The two wave beams " simultaneously " irradiate sea, but it
Angle of squint it is different, so as to realize " angle diversity " of SAR system.
3) downwards angle of visibility of two wave beams of angle diversity SAR system is identical, so that two SAR wave beams can be in difference
Time irradiation sea on same region.
4) two radar antenna alternate emission pulse signals and alternately reception echo-signal, so that what two antennas were received
Echo-signal avoids interfering.
5) for inverting Sea Current, angle diversity SAR system utilizes doppler centroid (i.e. the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin in radar beam
Cross corresponding instantaneous Doppler frequency during certain surface scattering unit) as observational variable, i.e., as the carrier of Ocean current information.
6) when using angle diversity SAR inverting flow fields, the ocean current of the same area will in two SAR antennas receive signal table
It is now the doppler centroid of two " difference ", so as to be finally inversed by the complete velocity of ocean current according to two equations,
Not only the radial velocity information including ocean current also includes orientation velocity information to the Ocean current information that i.e. inverting is obtained.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of the inverting Sea Current of utilization Spaceborne SAR System, it is characterised in that：Utilize the sea based on angle diversity
Two radar antennas of ocean current inverting Spaceborne SAR System produce two radar beams respectively, and two wave beams have different oblique
Visual angle and the same region that can be irradiated in the different time on sea, so as to realize angle diversity；And with Doppler center
Frequency carries out inverting as observational variable to Sea Current；During inverting flow field, the ocean current of the same area will be in two radars day
Line receives in signal and shows as two different doppler centroids, so as to be finally inversed by the complete speed of ocean current according to two equations
Spend vector；Comprise the following steps that：
(1) the SAR echo datas for first receiving first radar antenna translate following time quantum in dimension of slow time (η)：
Wherein, H is satellite platform height, and V is the speed of satellite platform, and α is the downwards angle of visibility of two wave beams,WithRespectively two
The angle of squint of individual wave beam；
(2) estimate that two antennas receive the base band doppler centroid of signal respectively according to average cross correlation coefficient method：
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Wherein, f 'Dc1With f 'Dc2The base band doppler centroid of respectively first radar antenna and second radar antenna；
PRF is radar pulse repetition frequency；η represents slow time, i.e. orientation time；s1(η) and s2(η) is respectively first radar antenna
Ocean Scenes echo bearing, which is received, with second radar antenna ties up original SAR signals；∠ { } represents the phase for the number of winning the confidence；
(3) estimate that first radar antenna receives the how general of signal with second radar antenna respectively depending on cross correlation algorithm using many
Strangle fuzzy number Mamb1With Mamb2；
(4) the absolute doppler centroid that two antennas receive SAR signals is calculated：
fDc1=f 'Dc1+Mamb1·PRF
fDc2=f 'Dc2+Mamb2·PRF
Wherein, fDc1With fDc2Respectively first radar antenna and second radar antenna receive the absolute many of echo SAR signals
General Le centre frequency；
(5) from fDc1With fDc2Middle remove is squinted caused Doppler frequency by system, is respectively obtainedWith
Wherein, λ is radar wavelength；
(6) the two-dimension speed vector of ocean current,It can be calculated and obtained by following formula：
Wherein,WithThe respectively orientation speed of ocean current and distance is to speed, H2×2For one 2 × 2 matrix, its expression formula
For：
Wherein, []-1The inverse matrix of representing matrix.
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| CN109283495B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2022-05-06 | 南京信息工程大学 | X-band radar ocean current inversion method based on cross spectrum analysis |
| CN110109116B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-03-30 | 国家卫星海洋应用中心 | Method, device, equipment and medium for determining ocean surface flow field value |
| CN110221299B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2023-02-10 | 南京信息工程大学 | Spaceborne dual-channel dual-beam InSAR current measurement system |
| CN110618403B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-11-16 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Landing aircraft parameter measuring method based on dual-beam radar |
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