CN105445141A - Method for rapidly predicting component content and photosynthetic hydrogen production potential of different types of straw biomass - Google Patents
Method for rapidly predicting component content and photosynthetic hydrogen production potential of different types of straw biomass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rural energy in agricultural engineering and discloses a method for rapidly predicting component content and photosynthetic hydrogen production potential of different types of straw biomass. After different types of straw biomass is smashed, the biomass is uniformly scattered into a sample disc of a thermogravimetric analysis instrument, and thermal weight loss behaviors at different heating rates at the temperature range of 40-600 DEG C are tested at the nitrogen atmosphere; the larger the pyrolysis live range weight loss ratio WLs-WLo is, the lower the content of residues is, and it shows that the content of easily-degradable components in the straw biomass is higher; the larger the pyrolysis live range weight loss ratio WLs-WLo is, the lower the content of residues is, the lower the apparent active energy is, and it shows that the photosynthetic hydrogen production potential of the type of the straw biomass is larger. According to the method, rapid comparison of the various straw biomass component content for hydrogen production is achieved, the photosynthetic hydrogen production potential can be predicted according to the apparent activation energy numerical value obtained through calculation, and the prediction result is consistent with the conclusion obtained in an enzymolysis pretreatment test and a photosynthetic hydrogen production test.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the rural energy technical field in agricultural engineering, be specifically related to the method for the dissimilar stalk biomass component concentration of a kind of fast prediction and photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality.
Background technology
The problem of environmental pollution that the day by day exhausted and use of fossil energy brings forces people to develop new clean reproducible energy to meet the needs of the future economy and social development.Hydrogen Energy is because energy density is high, it is pollution-free to burn and it is various informative to utilize and be acknowledged as following main energy carrier form." hydrogen economy " that be core with Hydrogen Energy use and " Hydrogen Energy society " development model is the hopes of people to future source of energy operation technique.
Biological hydrogen production is the process utilizing microorganism own metabolism release hydrogen, and it produces, and hydrogen condition is gentle, environmental friendliness and abundant raw material source and be considered to the fertile main alternative form of following hydrogen.Different kind organism hydrogen producing technology relatively in, photosynthetic bacteria hydrogen production not only has higher hydrogen production potential, it can also utilize multiple organic waste as product hydrogen raw material, realize Hydrogen Energy produce and offal treatment double goal and become the hot issue that hydrogen producing technology studies.Stalk biomass is as three kinds of superpolymer: organic mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, containing the carbohydrates of 70%-80%, be renewable carbohydrate resource by the direct or indirect microbe conversion of microorganism, and utilized production clear energy sources by microorganism, be desirable fermentation and hydrogen production raw material.Difference that is dissimilar and growing environment can cause the difference of its structures and characteristics, therefore, before recovery energy, also needs to predict its component concentration and product hydrogen evolution potential.
The existing method detected stalk composition has normal form method and Wang Yuwan method etc., is all the detection utilizing this chemical method of acidic cleaning method to carry out, operates consuming time, and influence factor is too much, acquired results error is obvious, needs repeatedly revision test, just can obtain roughly component concentration.And the cellulose of stalk and the size of hemicellulose level do not become rigorous positive correlation with its photosynthetic hydrogen production ability, therefore, this carries out analysis and prediction with regard to needing novel, a simple and efficient method.
Summary of the invention
For technology Problems existing and the weak point of existing mensuration stalk biomass cellulose, hemicellulose and content of lignin, the object of the present invention is to provide the method for the dissimilar stalk biomass component concentration of a kind of fast prediction easy and simple to handle, that accuracy is high and photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality, the method can realize determining fast of better photosynthetic hydrogen production raw material.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A method for the dissimilar stalk biomass component concentration of fast prediction and photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality, step is as follows:
(1) comminution pretreatment of stalk biomass: after dissimilar stalk biomass is crushed to 375 ~ 8968nm respectively, drying for standby;
(2) thermogravimetric analysis is carried out to dissimilar stalk biomass: the stalk biomass powder of each type, weigh 8 ~ 12mg, be dispersed in the sample disc of thermogravimetric analyzer, in a nitrogen atmosphere, test the thermal weight loss behavior of 40 ~ 600 DEG C of temperature ranges under different heating rate;
(3) data analysis: the data processing software bag utilizing thermogravimetric analyzer to carry, obtains degradation characteristic parameter: initial temperature T
oand the weight-loss ratio WL in this moment
o, peak temperature T
pand the weight-loss ratio WL in this moment
p, transition temperature T
sand the weight-loss ratio WL in this moment
s, residue content; Then with the thermal weight loss behavior under each heating rate for foundation, calculate the apparent activation energy of dissimilar stalk biomass; Component concentration and the photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality of dissimilar stalk biomass are predicted: weight-loss ratio WL between pyrolysis active region according to the data obtained
s-WL
olarger, residue content is lower, illustrates that the easy degradable component content in the type stalk biomass is higher; Weight-loss ratio WL between pyrolysis active region
s-WL
olarger, residue content is lower, apparent activation energy is lower, illustrates that the photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality of the type stalk biomass are larger.
Described stalk biomass is soybean stalk, broomcorn straw, cotton stalk, maize straw or corncob.
Heating rate controls at 5 ~ 40 DEG C of min
-1within interval.
FWO or DAEM method is adopted to calculate the apparent activation energy of dissimilar stalk biomass.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention explores a kind of method predicting dissimilar stalk biomass component concentration and photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality, not only achieve the rapid comparison of multiple product hydrogen stalk biomass component concentration, can also according to its photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality of the apparent activation energy numerical prediction calculated, it predicts the outcome consistent with conclusion in enzymolysis experimental pretreatment and photosynthetic hydrogen production demonstration test, for determining that better photosynthetic hydrogen production raw material provides technical support.Compared with elemental microanalysis method or three plain mensurations, greatly reduce the work difficulty measuring stalk biomass composition, shorten the working time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: heating rate 10 DEG C of min
-1time dissimilar stalk biomass powder thermogravimetric curve.
Ln β and (1/T) * 1000K in Fig. 2: FWO method
-1relation.
Ln β/T in Fig. 3: DAEM method
2with (1/T) * 1000K
-1relation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, and embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
the method of the dissimilar stalk biomass component concentration of embodiment 1--fast prediction and photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality
(1) comminution pretreatment of stalk biomass: after five kinds of stalk biomass (maize straw, broomcorn straw, corncob, soybean stalk, Cotton Stalk) are crushed to 1000nm respectively, drying for standby.
(2) thermogravimetric analysis is carried out to five kinds of stalk biomass: the stalk biomass powder of each type, weigh 10mg, be dispersed in the open type sample disc of thermogravimetric analyzer; After thermogravimetric analyzer furnace body temperature is down to room temperature, high pure nitrogen (99.5v% nitrogen and 0.5v% oxygen) is at flow velocity 60mLmin
-1under pass in body of heater, create inert atmosphere, click run, calefactive interzone is set to 40 ~ 600 DEG C, and heating rate is respectively 5 DEG C of min
-1, 10 DEG C of min
-1, 20 DEG C of min
-1, 30 DEG C of min
-1with 40 DEG C of min
-1; When reaching equalization temperature 40 DEG C, Isothermal Condition maintains 1min, and after system stability, start under setting heating rate, temperature range is 40 ~ 600 DEG C and carries out intensifications and to lower the temperature thermogravimetric analysis process, the sample period is 0.5s; Wherein, at 10 DEG C of min
-1heating rate under, DTG is as shown in Figure 1 for the thermogravimetric curve TG of dissimilar stalk biomass powder and first differential thermogravimetric curve (instant heating weight loss rate curve); The pyrolytic process of stalk biomass mainly comprises three phases: the first stage is the volatilization of volatile point, and subordinate phase is pyrolysis active region, and the phase III is pyrolysis area of passivity; The degraded of stalk biomass material focuses mostly at pyrolysis active region, and is the degraded of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin successively; Cellulose and hemicellulose level higher, then its pyrolysis active region temperature span is larger; Pyrolysis peak temperature is low, illustrates that this stalk biomass is more easily degraded; The acromion that weight-loss curve occurs, be then used to illustrate the ratio situation of content of cellulose in stalk biomass and hemicellulose level, acromion is more obvious, illustrates that cellulose is lower with the ratio of the content of hemicellulose; Residue content is lower, illustrates that in stalk biomass, biodegradable component is more; As shown in Figure 1: pyrolysis active region is from initial temperature about 200 DEG C, now then be mainly the pyrolysis of hemicellulose, cellulosic degraded following closely, in the temperature range of 170-350 DEG C, it is acutely degraded and causes obvious weightlessness, and about 320 DEG C time, weight loss rate reaches peak value, illustrate that the thermal decomposition speed of now stalk biomass powder reaches the highest; Because the degradation temperature of hemicellulose is lower than cellulose, its " acromion " is easily covered by cellulose degradation peak, as corncob and maize straw, therefore not easily observes in the drawings; Phase III is pyrolysis area of passivity, and temperature range is 375-600 DEG C, and the residue now after fast pyrogenation occurs slowly to decompose, and finally generates ash content and charcoal; It is the longest that the degraded of lignin is considered to the duration, in the drawings as " tail " of fast pyrogenation reaction, all slowly occurs at the volatilization period of volatile point and pyrolysis active region; The pyrolysis starting temperature of dissimilar stalk, peak height, pyrolysis active region span and residue content are all not identical.Cellulose or hemicellulose level higher, in pyrolytic reaction process, weight-loss ratio is larger, and residue content is lower.
(3) data analysis: the thermogravimetric analyzer that experiment adopts has the TAUniversalAnalysis data processing software bag carried, contain necessary measurement function and data analysis function, the degradation characteristic parameter of dissimilar stalk biomass powder is as shown in table 1, each parameter value is the mean value of five different values obtained under five groups of different heating rates, T
ofor initial temperature, WL
ofor the weight-loss ratio in this moment; T
pfor peak temperature, WL
pfor the weight-loss ratio in this moment; T
sfor transition temperature, WL
sfor the weight-loss ratio in this moment.
From table 1, data are known: the degradation characteristic of each stalk biomass is similar, the initial temperature T of its degraded
o(now weight-loss ratio WL
ofor 2%-4%) be 197.1 DEG C-237.6 DEG C, broomcorn straw initial temperature is minimum, and the initial temperature of maize straw is the highest, and maize straw has the highest initial temperature weight-loss ratio, illustrates that the degraded of maize straw the most easily starts; T
pthe temperature range occurred is 317.7
oc-335.2 DEG C, now biomass powder is degraded rapidly, and broomcorn straw peak temperature is the highest, and the peak temperature of corncob is minimum, illustrates at a lower temperature, and corncob can realize rapid degraded; Under peak temperature, the weight-loss ratio of each stalk is from 39.5% to 49.2%, and after this each powder still keeps degraded at a high speed until transition temperature; The T of each biomass powder
sit is 340 ± 6 DEG C, now the weight-loss ratio of each powder is approximately 60%, corncob weight-loss ratio is the highest, and the size order of the weight-loss ratio of each stalk is: corncob > broomcorn straw > maize straw > soybean stalk > cotton stalk.Continuous heating sample to 600 DEG C, weight-loss ratio between the pyrolysis active region of each biomass powder
wL s -WL o size order be: corncob > broomcorn straw > maize straw > soybean stalk > cotton stalk; From 22.9% to 28.9% not etc., the difference of residue content illustrates the difference of different powder constituents to residue content further; Residue content is followed successively by corncob < broomcorn straw < maize straw < soybean stalk < cotton stalk from small to large; Corncob residue content is minimum, and illustrate that the easy degradable component content of corncob is the highest, namely volatile content is the highest.
In thermogravimetric analysis process, initial temperature, peak temperature, pyrolysis active region temperature span, residue content etc. can be used to the analysis analyzing stalk biomass thermophysical property, estimate its composition.And with the thermal weight loss behavior under each Elevated Temperature Conditions for foundation, carry out the calculating of different stalk biomass to stalk biomass apparent activation energy, then can be used for characterizing this material and carry out various reaction complexity, solve energy of activation us can be helped to predict whether this material is beneficial to the carrying out of photosynthetic organism hydrogen generation process.
The equation that calculating straw biomass apparent activation energy adopts is common non-model dynamic analysis method Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and DistributedActivationEnergyModel (DAEM) method.FWO method is a kind of integration method, and g (α) is
integrated form.With
right
mapping, under different heating rates, selects identical conversion ratio, then
linear with the 1/T in this moment, by matching gained straight line slope (
) calculate energy of activation.Distributed Activation Energy Model (DEAM) method analyzes biological material, and as the common method of agriculture and forestry discarded object etc., it has been investigated heating rate and has specified the relation residing for conversion ratio between temperature, is with ln β/T
2to 1/T mapping, heating rate is different, and reach differentiated yields required time different, the data obtained is a series of approximately parallel straight lines, according to its slope (-E
α/ R) solve E
α.Different apparent activation energy difference of producing hydrogen stalk biomass, the less explanation of energy of activation makes the energy of the series of complexes such as its inner generation molecular scission, continuous print reaction needed minimum, namely the most easily biochemical reaction occurs.
For maize straw, to (5,10,20,30 and 40 DEG C of min under different heating rate
-1) energy of activation when reaching differentiated yields (0.1 to 0.9) calculates.
FWO method is with ln β for ordinate, with (1/T) * 1000K
-1for horizontal ordinate mapping, as shown in Figure 2, wherein α is conversion ratio, and β is heating rate, and the value corresponding to variant heating rate is followed successively by each point on each linear line segment respectively, and order is followed successively by 5 DEG C of min
-1for nethermost point, be then followed successively by 10 DEG C of min
-1, 20 DEG C of min
-1with 30 DEG C of min
-1, uppermost point represents 40 DEG C of min
-1the data of the gained under heating rate.
DAEM method is with ln β/T
2for ordinate, with (1/T) * 1000K
-1for horizontal ordinate mapping, as shown in Figure 3, wherein α is conversion ratio to the graph of a relation of the two, and β is heating rate, and the value corresponding to variant heating rate is followed successively by each point on each linear line segment respectively, and order is followed successively by 5 DEG C of min
-1for nethermost point, be then followed successively by 10 DEG C of min
-1, 20 DEG C of min
-1with 30 DEG C of min
-1, uppermost point represents 40 DEG C of min
-1the data of the gained under heating rate.
As shown in table 2 by the energy of activation of maize straw during FWO and DAEM method calculating gained differentiated yields.
Use the same method, utilize the apparent activation energy of FWO and DAEM method to dissimilar stalk biomass to calculate, show that the average apparent activation of each powder is as shown in table 3.
The average apparent activation numerical value of two kinds of method gained is all close, and has same sequence, cotton stalk > soybean stalk > maize straw > broomcorn straw > corncob.
Between pyrolysis active region, weight-loss ratio is larger, and residue content is lower, illustrates that the biodegradable component content of its inside is higher, is more easy to be utilized; Apparent activation energy is lower, illustrates that its thermal stability is poorer, more easily physical-chemical reaction occurs.To sum up, between pyrolysis active region, weight-loss ratio is larger, residue content is lower, apparent activation energy is lower, illustrates that it produces hydrogen evolution potential larger.From weight-loss ratio, residue content and apparent activation energy numerical value between the pyrolysis active region of aforementioned five type straw biomass: the product hydrogen evolution potential size order of each stalk is corncob > broomcorn straw > maize straw > soybean stalk > cotton stalk, wherein contained by corncob, biodegradable component content is the highest, and corncob has best photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality.
verify routine 1--enzymolysis experimental pretreatment and photosynthetic hydrogen production demonstration test
(1) comminution pretreatment of stalk biomass: after five kinds of stalk biomass (maize straw, broomcorn straw, corncob, soybean stalk, Cotton Stalk) are crushed to 1000nm respectively, drying for standby;
(2) enzymolysis pre-service: after getting 3g pulverizing, stalk biomass joins in the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer of 150mLpH4.8, then adds 200mg cellulase, and oscillating reactions 50h, hunting speed 150rpm under 50 DEG C of conditions, must react feed liquid a;
(3) photosynthetic bacteria is cultivated: by photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (Rhodopseudomonasphaeroides) AS1.1737 inoculation in growth medium, be cultured to growth logarithmic phase in 30 DEG C; Wherein, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (Rhodopseudomonasphaeroides) the AS1.1737 bacterial strain used is be disclosed in the journal article of " impact of degree of light intensity on hydrogen production of Rhodobacter sphaeroides from pig dejecta wastewater " at exercise question, " Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering " 09 phase in 2005, author: Zhang Junhe, Zhang Quanguo etc.; In addition, be also be disclosed in the journal article of " experimental study of Hydrogen Production Ability of Rhodobacter sphaeroides with Swine Manure " at exercise question, " Agricultural University Of He'nan's journal " 02 phase in 2005, author: You Xifeng, Zhang Quanguo etc.; Growth medium component is: 1g/LNH
4cl, 2g/LNaHCO
3, 1g/L yeast extract, 0.2g/LK
2hPO
4, 4g/LCH
3cOONa, 0.2g/LMgSO
4and 2g/LNaCl;
(4) photosynthetic hydrogen production: with alkali lye, reaction feed liquid a being adjusted to pH is 6 ~ 8, then adding product hydrogen nutrient culture media component to producing hydrogen nutrient media components content is: 0.4g/LNH
4cl, 0.2g/LMgCl
2, 0.1g/L yeast extract, 0.5g/LK
2hPO
4, 2g/LNaCl and 3.56g/L sodium glutamate, by 200%(v/v) the photosynthetic bacteria cultivated of inoculum concentration inoculation step (3), keep producing hydrogen after 24 hours under temperature 30 DEG C, intensity of illumination 3000lux condition, produce 6 ~ 10 days hydrogen duration; Wherein, alkali lye is the KOH solution of mass concentration 40 ~ 50%.
Carry out enzymolysis experimental pretreatment and photosynthetic hydrogen production demonstration test by above-mentioned steps, result is as follows:
Enzymolysis pre-service is carried out by utilizing the stalk biomass pulverizing rear different material type, after obtaining enzymolysis, the reducing sugar output of each stalk is: broomcorn straw 470.12mg, maize straw 463.36mg, corncob 1171.94mg, soybean stalk 441.41mg, cotton stalk 397.51mg, conversion coefficient is respectively 18.80%, 18.53%, 46.88%, 17.66%, 15.90%, size order is: corncob > broomcorn straw > maize straw > soybean stalk > cotton stalk.Can find out, the reducing sugar output of corncob and conversion coefficient are all far away higher than other several stalk biomass, and producing hydrogen for enzymolysis after therefore corncob carries out ball milling pretreatment is best type of feed.
With the enzymatic saccharification reactant liquor of each stalk biomass for substrate carries out photosynthetic organism hydrogen generation, the accumulation hydrogen output of the enzymatic saccharification liquid of corncob is far longer than the system doing substrate with other type of feed stalks, 7d accumulation hydrogen output is 1088mL, other type of feed accumulation hydrogen outputs are followed successively by broomcorn straw 347mL from high to low, maize straw 342mL, soybean stalk 321mL, cotton stalk 298mL, this is consistent with the Reducing sugar rule of various type of feed.
Verify that routine result shows: by thermogravimetry of the present invention judge conclusion that the corncob obtained has best photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality and corncob in enzymolysis experimental pretreatment and photosynthetic hydrogen production demonstration test have maximum reducing sugar output and cumulative maximum hydrogen output conclusion consistent.
Claims (4)
1. a method for the dissimilar stalk biomass component concentration of fast prediction and photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality, is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) comminution pretreatment of stalk biomass: after dissimilar stalk biomass is crushed to 375 ~ 8968nm respectively, drying for standby;
(2) thermogravimetric analysis is carried out to dissimilar stalk biomass: the stalk biomass powder of each type, weigh 8 ~ 12mg, be dispersed in the sample disc of thermogravimetric analyzer, in a nitrogen atmosphere, test the thermal weight loss behavior of 40 ~ 600 DEG C of temperature ranges under different heating rate;
(3) data analysis: the data processing software bag utilizing thermogravimetric analyzer to carry, obtains degradation characteristic parameter: initial temperature T
oand the weight-loss ratio WL in this moment
o, peak temperature T
pand the weight-loss ratio WL in this moment
p, transition temperature T
sand the weight-loss ratio WL in this moment
s, and residue content; Then with the thermal weight loss behavior under each heating rate for foundation, calculate the apparent activation energy of dissimilar stalk biomass; Component concentration and the photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality of dissimilar stalk biomass are predicted: weight-loss ratio WL between pyrolysis active region according to the data obtained
s-WL
olarger, residue content is lower, illustrates that the easy degradable component content in the type stalk biomass is higher; Weight-loss ratio WL between pyrolysis active region
s-WL
olarger, residue content is lower, apparent activation energy is lower, illustrates that the photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality of the type stalk biomass are larger.
2. the method for the dissimilar stalk biomass component concentration of fast prediction as claimed in claim 1 and photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality, is characterized in that: described stalk biomass is soybean stalk, broomcorn straw, cotton stalk, maize straw or corncob.
3. the method for the dissimilar stalk biomass component concentration of fast prediction as claimed in claim 1 and photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality, is characterized in that: heating rate controls at 5 ~ 40 DEG C of min
-1within interval.
4. the method for the dissimilar stalk biomass component concentration of fast prediction as claimed in claim 1 and photosynthetic hydrogen production potentiality, is characterized in that: adopt FWO or DAEM method to calculate the apparent activation energy of dissimilar stalk biomass.
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| CN109580421A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-04-05 | 东北大学 | The volatile matter release characteristics index calculation method of difficult pyrolytic material |
| CN111044416A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-04-21 | 同济大学 | Method for evaluating straw pretreatment effect based on fractal dimension |
| CN111044416B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-08-21 | 同济大学 | Method for evaluating straw pretreatment effect based on fractal dimension |
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| CN115683932A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-02-03 | 北京联合荣大工程材料股份有限公司 | Method for measuring contents of C and SiC in commercial silicon carbide |
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