CN105435961B - Short spacing electric precipitator - Google Patents

Short spacing electric precipitator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN105435961B
CN105435961B CN201510781317.8A CN201510781317A CN105435961B CN 105435961 B CN105435961 B CN 105435961B CN 201510781317 A CN201510781317 A CN 201510781317A CN 105435961 B CN105435961 B CN 105435961B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
dust suction
suction layer
collecting electrode
collecting
electric precipitator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201510781317.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN105435961A (en
Inventor
房诗宏
王冲
刘进才
陈跃平
唐金泉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beijing Zhonghe Jincheng Technology Co ltd
Original Assignee
Beijing Zhonghe Jincheng Technology Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beijing Zhonghe Jincheng Technology Co ltd filed Critical Beijing Zhonghe Jincheng Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN201510781317.8A priority Critical patent/CN105435961B/en
Publication of CN105435961A publication Critical patent/CN105435961A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105435961B publication Critical patent/CN105435961B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/08Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary flat electrodes arranged with their flat surfaces parallel to the gas stream
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/47Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66Applications of electricity supply techniques

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of short spacing electric precipitator, including DC power supply, multiple flat collecting electrodes being made of metal material, the plate face of multiple collecting electrodes is located at left and right vertical direction, the plate face of multiple collecting electrodes is parallel to each other, air duct is equipped between two adjacent collecting electrodes in left-right direction, multiple corona wires are respectively equipped in each air duct, the axis of corona wire is parallel to the plate face of collecting electrode, the anode of DC power supply is connected with corona wire, corona wire is arranged along the vertical direction, voltage between collecting electrode and corona wire is 10000 volts -18000 volts, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes are 40mm -80mm, each collecting electrode is along 5-10 times that the length of air channel is the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes.Its purpose is to provide one kind, to be designed to provide a kind of storage dust ability big, needs the long period of deashing, removes the high-efficient short spacing electric precipitator being disposed of from collecting plate of particulate matter of the equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns.

Description

Short spacing electric precipitator
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of short spacing electric precipitators.
Background technique
Existing electrostatic precipitator, since those skilled in the art is there are prejudice, design alternative collecting electrode with When the parameters such as the distance between voltage value and two adjacent collecting electrodes between corona wire, relevant dimensional parameters It has certain problems.It is lower to the ability of capture minute dust to thereby result in existing collecting plate, and this is also directly resulted in It is not satisfactory less than or equal to the efficiency of dust collection of 2.5 microns of particulate matter that existing electrostatic precipitator removes equivalent diameter.
Summary of the invention
It is high-efficient less than or equal to 2.5 microns of particulate matter that the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of removing equivalent diameters, The highly stable short spacing electric precipitator of dust removal performance.
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, including DC power supply, multiple flat collection being made of metal material The plate face of dirt electrode, multiple collecting electrodes is located at left and right vertical direction, and the plate face of multiple collecting electrodes is parallel to each other, and adjacent two Air duct is equipped between a collecting electrode in left-right direction, multiple corona wires are respectively equipped in each air duct, the axis of corona wire is flat Row is connected in the plate face of collecting electrode, the anode of DC power supply with corona wire, and the corona wire is arranged along the vertical direction, the collection Voltage between dirt electrode and corona wire is 10000 volts -18000 volts, and the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes are 40mm-80mm, each collecting electrode are 5-the 10 of the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes along the length of air channel Times.
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, wherein voltage between the collecting electrode and corona wire be 12000 volts- 17000 volts, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes are 50mm -60mm, length of each collecting electrode along air channel It is 6-8 times of the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes.
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, wherein voltage between the collecting electrode and corona wire be 13000 volts- 16000 volts, the speed of air-flow is 2.5m/s -3m/s in the air duct.
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, wherein the collecting electrode includes metal plate or wire mesh, metal plate or The surface of wire mesh is equipped with dust suction layer made of Filamentous or porous material, constitutes the filiform or porous material of dust suction layer Conductivity be 1 × 10-8S/m—1×10-5S/cm。
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, wherein the dust suction layer is using chemical fibre and/or carbon fiber and/or glass fibre And/or cotton fiber is made, the conductivity of the dust suction layer is 5 × 10-8S/m—1×10-6S/m。
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, wherein two surfaces of the metal plate or wire mesh are respectively equipped with one Dust suction layer, two dust suction layer outwardly-facing surfaces are parallel to each other, and the conductivity of the dust suction layer is 1.0 × 10-7S/m—5×10- 7S/m。
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, wherein the dust suction layer with a thickness of 1-20mm, dust suction layer by bonding or Rivet interlacement or screw are fastened on the metal plate or wire mesh.
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, wherein the dust suction layer with a thickness of 5-15mm, the top of the collecting electrode The bottom end respectively with multiple sunpenders is held to be fixedly linked, multiple sunpenders are arranged along the vertical direction respectively, the top difference of each sunpender It is fixed on lifting porcelain insulator, inner end of the lower part of collecting electrode respectively with multiple pull rods is fixedly linked, multiple pull rods Horizontally disposed respectively, the outer end of each pull rod is fixed on respectively to be loaded on porcelain insulator.
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention comprising using collecting electrode made of conductive material, the table of collecting electrode Face is equipped with dust suction layer made of Filamentous or porous material, and the conductivity of the filiform or porous material that constitute dust suction layer is 0.1×10-7S/m—1×10-5S/cm.Use above-mentioned conductivity for 0.1 × 10-7S/m—1×10-5The filiform of S/cm parameter or Dust suction layer made of porous material.Experiment shows the electrostatic precipitator of short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, to equivalent diameter The elimination efficiency of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns is up to 98% or more.Therefore, short spacing electric precipitation utensil of the invention There is high-efficient, the highly stable feature of dust removal performance for removing particulate matter of the equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns.
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the main view of the structural schematic diagram of short spacing electric precipitator of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the top view of the structural schematic diagram of short spacing electric precipitator of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the structural schematic diagram of short spacing electric precipitator of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the dust electricity for being equipped with dust suction layer made of Filamentous or porous material of short spacing electric precipitator of the invention The amplification stereogram of the structural schematic diagram of pole.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, including DC power supply, it is multiple to use metal material Flat collecting electrode 1 made of expecting, the plate face of multiple collecting electrodes 1 are located at left and right vertical direction, multiple collecting electrodes 1 Plate face is parallel to each other, and is equipped with air duct between two adjacent collecting electrodes 1 in left-right direction, is respectively equipped in each air duct multiple Corona wire 2, the axis of corona wire 2 are parallel to the plate face of collecting electrode 1, and the anode of DC power supply is connected with corona wire 2, direct current The cathode in source and whole collecting electrodes 1 are all grounded, or whole collecting electrodes 1 are all connected with the cathode of DC power supply, corona Line 2 is arranged along the vertical direction, and the voltage between collecting electrode 1 and corona wire 2 is 10000 volts -18000 volts, two adjacent collection The distance between dirt electrode 1 is 40mm -80mm, and each collecting electrode 1 is two adjacent dust electricity along the length of air channel 5-10 times of the distance between pole 1.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the voltage between above-mentioned collecting electrode 1 and corona wire 2 be 12000 volts- 17000 volts, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes 1 are 50mm -60mm, length of each collecting electrode 1 along air channel Degree is 6-8 times of the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes 1.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the voltage between above-mentioned collecting electrode 1 and corona wire 2 be 13000 volts- 16000 volts, the speed of air-flow is 2.5m/s -3m/s in the air duct.
As a further improvement of the present invention, as shown in figure 4, above-mentioned collecting electrode 1 includes metal plate or wire mesh, gold The surface for belonging to plate or wire mesh is equipped with dust suction layer 3 made of Filamentous or porous material, constitutes the filiform or more of dust suction layer 3 The conductivity of poroid material is 1 × 10-8S/m—1×10-5S/cm.It especially emphasizes, constitutes the filiform or cellular material of dust suction layer 3 The conductivity of material can only be 0.1 × 10-7S/m—1×10-5S/cm, reason be dust suction layer 3 if it is using wire, Allow dust suction layer 3 can be completely conductive as conductor, then since electrostatic charge can tend to the outer surface for the dust suction layer 3 being distributed to On, the dust in air-flow would not be adsorbed to inside dust suction layer 3;And if being lower than 0.1 × 10 using conductivity-7S/m's is exhausted Edge material manufactures dust suction layer 3, then can allow compound collecting plate, removes the ability of particulate matter of the equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns It reduces.
As a further improvement of the present invention, above-mentioned dust suction layer 3 using chemical fibre and/or carbon fiber and/or glass fibre and/ Or cotton fiber is made, and fibrofelt or fibre usually is made using chemical fibre and/or carbon fiber and/or glass fibre and/or cotton fiber Wei Bu, then fibrofelt or fiber cloth are used as dust suction layer 3.The conductivity of the dust suction layer 3 is 5 × 10-8S/m—1×10-6S/ m。
As a further improvement of the present invention, two surfaces of above-mentioned metal plate or wire mesh are respectively equipped with a dust suction Layer 3, two 3 outwardly-facing surfaces of dust suction layer are parallel to each other, and the collecting electrode 1 of short spacing electric precipitator of the invention is also possible to only Only one of them plate face is equipped with dust suction layer 3.The conductivity of the dust suction layer 3 is 1.0 × 10-7S/m—5×10-7S/m。
As a further improvement of the present invention, above-mentioned dust suction layer 3 with a thickness of 1-20mm, dust suction layer 3 passes through bonding or riveting Nail connection or screw are fastened on the metal plate or wire mesh.
As a further improvement of the present invention, above-mentioned dust suction layer 3 with a thickness of 5-15mm, the top of the collecting electrode 1 The bottom end with multiple sunpenders is fixedly linked respectively, and multiple sunpenders are arranged along the vertical direction respectively, and the top of each sunpender is pacified respectively Dress is fixed on lifting porcelain insulator, and inner end of the lower part of collecting electrode 1 respectively with multiple pull rods is fixedly linked, multiple pull rods point Not horizontally disposed, the outer end of each pull rod is fixed on respectively to be loaded on porcelain insulator.
Short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, using the distinctive design of the present invention, between collecting electrode 1 and corona wire 2 Voltage be 10000 volts -18000 volts, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes 1 are 40mm -80mm, each dust electricity Pole 1 is along 5-10 times that the length of air channel is the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes 1.Experiment shows of the invention The elimination efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator of short spacing electric precipitator, the particulate matter to equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns up to arrives 98% or more.Therefore, short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, which has, removes particulate matter of the equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns It is high-efficient, the highly stable feature of dust removal performance.
The surface of short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, collecting electrode 1 is equipped with made of Filamentous or porous material Dust suction layer 3, the conductivity of the filiform or porous material that constitute dust suction layer 3 are 1 × 10-8S/m—1×10-5S/cm tests table Bright, using the electrostatic precipitator of short spacing electric precipitator of the invention, not only it is stored dust ability and greatly improves, and needs deashing Time cycle can more extend 3-5 times of time, be made since the surface of collecting electrode 1 is equipped with Filamentous or porous material Dust suction layer 3, be more easier to capture equivalent diameter and be less than or equal to 2.5 microns of particulate matter, thus electrostatic precipitator is enabled to remove The ability of particulate matter of the equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns further greatly improves.

Claims (5)

1. short spacing electric precipitator, including DC power supply, multiple flat collecting electrodes (1) being made of metal material, The plate face of multiple collecting electrodes (1) is located at left and right vertical direction, and the plate face of multiple collecting electrodes (1) is parallel to each other, and adjacent two Air duct is equipped between a collecting electrode (1) in left-right direction, is respectively equipped with multiple corona wires (2) in each air duct, corona wire (2) Axis be parallel to the plate face of collecting electrode (1), the anode of DC power supply is connected with corona wire (2), it is characterised in that:The electricity Hachure (2) is arranged along the vertical direction, and the voltage between the collecting electrode (1) and corona wire (2) is 12000 volts -17000 volts, The distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes (1) are 50mm -60mm, and each collecting electrode (1) is along the length of air channel 6-8 times of the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes (1);
The collecting electrode (1) includes metal plate or wire mesh, and the surface of metal plate or wire mesh is equipped with Filamentous or more Dust suction layer (3) made of poroid material, the conductivity of the filiform or porous material that constitute dust suction layer (3) are 5 × 10-8S/m—1 ×10-6S/m;
The dust suction layer (3) is made of chemical fibre and/or carbon fiber and/or glass fibre and/or cotton fiber.
2. short spacing electric precipitator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The collecting electrode (1) and corona wire (2) Between voltage be 13000 volts -16000 volts, the speed of air-flow is 2.5m/s -3m/s in the air duct.
3. short spacing electric precipitator according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:The metal plate or wire mesh Two surfaces are respectively equipped with a dust suction layer (3), and two dust suction layer (3) outwardly-facing surfaces are parallel to each other, the dust suction layer (3) Conductivity is 1.0 × 10-7S/m—5×10-7S/m。
4. short spacing electric precipitator according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The dust suction layer (3) with a thickness of 1- 20mm, dust suction layer (3) are fastened on the metal plate or wire mesh by bonding or rivet interlacement or screw.
5. short spacing electric precipitator according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:The dust suction layer (3) with a thickness of 5- 15mm, bottom end of the top of the collecting electrode (1) respectively with multiple sunpenders are fixedly linked, and multiple sunpenders difference are along the vertical direction Setting, the top of each sunpender be fixed on respectively lifting porcelain insulator on, the lower part of collecting electrode (1) respectively with multiple drawings The inner end of bar is fixedly linked, and multiple pull rod difference are horizontally disposed, and the outer end of each pull rod is fixed on respectively to be loaded On porcelain insulator.
CN201510781317.8A 2015-11-13 2015-11-13 Short spacing electric precipitator Active CN105435961B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510781317.8A CN105435961B (en) 2015-11-13 2015-11-13 Short spacing electric precipitator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510781317.8A CN105435961B (en) 2015-11-13 2015-11-13 Short spacing electric precipitator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN105435961A CN105435961A (en) 2016-03-30
CN105435961B true CN105435961B (en) 2018-11-27

Family

ID=55546852

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201510781317.8A Active CN105435961B (en) 2015-11-13 2015-11-13 Short spacing electric precipitator

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN105435961B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109894278A (en) * 2019-03-07 2019-06-18 佛山市合益电子商务有限公司 A kind of high-voltage electrostatic dust-collecting structure

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001046907A (en) * 1999-08-06 2001-02-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Electric dust collector
CN101032709A (en) * 2007-03-30 2007-09-12 吴吉祥 Assembly modular type systyle electrostatic field device
CN201304363Y (en) * 2008-10-16 2009-09-09 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 Tube pole type double-area narrow-spacing electrostatic field device
KR101112002B1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2012-02-16 (주) 브이에스아이 Dust collection system
CN102430478A (en) * 2011-08-26 2012-05-02 浙江菲达脱硫工程有限公司 Device and method for removing PM 2.5 from smoke
CN203737397U (en) * 2014-01-26 2014-07-30 裴登明 Electrostatic type lampblack purifying equipment
CN103949345A (en) * 2014-05-05 2014-07-30 孟金来 Combined type runoff electric precipitation air purifier

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001046907A (en) * 1999-08-06 2001-02-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Electric dust collector
CN101032709A (en) * 2007-03-30 2007-09-12 吴吉祥 Assembly modular type systyle electrostatic field device
CN201304363Y (en) * 2008-10-16 2009-09-09 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 Tube pole type double-area narrow-spacing electrostatic field device
KR101112002B1 (en) * 2010-08-19 2012-02-16 (주) 브이에스아이 Dust collection system
CN102430478A (en) * 2011-08-26 2012-05-02 浙江菲达脱硫工程有限公司 Device and method for removing PM 2.5 from smoke
CN203737397U (en) * 2014-01-26 2014-07-30 裴登明 Electrostatic type lampblack purifying equipment
CN103949345A (en) * 2014-05-05 2014-07-30 孟金来 Combined type runoff electric precipitation air purifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105435961A (en) 2016-03-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8597415B2 (en) Electric precipitator and air cleaner having the same
US9308537B2 (en) Electrostatic air conditioner
US20080034973A1 (en) Device For Air Cleaning
CN104271248B (en) Electric dust collector
CN205462739U (en) Pipe electrostatic precipitators
KR101523209B1 (en) Electric precipitator
CN205182952U (en) Electrostatic precipitator makes up negative pole
CN108212536A (en) Method and apparatus
CN105435961B (en) Short spacing electric precipitator
KR102481567B1 (en) Electrostatic precipitator
JP5267989B2 (en) Barbed discharge wire and wet electrostatic precipitator using the same
CN104785371A (en) Electrostatic precipitator
JP2012096127A (en) Electric dust collector
CN105344481B (en) Compound collecting plate for electrostatic precipitation
JP5119937B2 (en) Electrostatic filter device
KR101449660B1 (en) Contacting device for electric precipitator
CN104338614A (en) Electric dust remover with conductive filter tanks
CN2721236Y (en) Dust collecting plate arrangement with assembled inducing electrodes and possitive electrodes
CN203417758U (en) Electric dust collector with conductive filter cells
CN203648694U (en) Alternating electric field and air convection-based automatic dust collection device
CN206104125U (en) Electrode on wet -type electrostatic precipitator
CN203886382U (en) Direct-current high-voltage bipolar electrostatic actuation bag type dust remover
CN2331436Y (en) Three-discharge-region combined electrode electrostatic cleaner
CN202803395U (en) Single-pole type static dust-collecting device
CN205217140U (en) A compound collecting plate for electrostatic precipitator

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CP02 Change in the address of a patent holder

Address after: Room 501-2071, Office Building, No. 8 Xingsheng South Road, Miyun District Economic Development Zone, Beijing

Patentee after: BEIJING ZHONGHE JINCHENG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

Address before: Room 516, Hongbiao Building, 7 College Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083

Patentee before: BEIJING ZHONGHE JINCHENG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

CP02 Change in the address of a patent holder
CP02 Change in the address of a patent holder

Address after: 100083 Room 516, 5 / F, 7 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing

Patentee after: BEIJING ZHONGHE JINCHENG TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

Address before: Room 501-2071, Office Building, No. 8 Xingsheng South Road, Miyun District Economic Development Zone, Beijing

Patentee before: BEIJING ZHONGHE JINCHENG TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

CP02 Change in the address of a patent holder