CN105427394B - Congestion-pricing optimum toll rate based on trial-and-error method and motor vehicle flow determines method - Google Patents
Congestion-pricing optimum toll rate based on trial-and-error method and motor vehicle flow determines method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Method is determined the invention discloses a kind of congestion-pricing optimum toll rate based on trial-and-error method and motor vehicle flow, it is only necessary to the vehicle flowrate data in each entrance section of area of charge, you can regulation obtains Optimal Toll Rate.For optimal toll project, the present invention sets up " trial-and-error method " of rate regulation using a set of strict mathematical proof, to ensure that this method can converge to optimal toll rate, including：(1) utilize based on the Stochastic User Equilibrium theory of asymmetric road trip time equation to assess each available congestion-pricing pattern；(2) dullness, continuous variable inequality model is established to carry out the prediction of network balanced flow；(3) using solving the projection algorithm of variable inequality model, to determine the step-length of regulation, and each step toll rate value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind according to trial-and-error method and area of charge entrance section motor vehicle flow data, congestion-pricing is determined
The method of Optimal Toll Rate, belongs to urban traffic control and control field.
Background technology
Traffic congestion is exactly the subject matter of urban transportation running all the time, and it not only makes many drivers to urban transportation
Dejected and pollution urban environment, increase social cost.Traffic congestion increases hourage, increases the uncertain of hourage
Property, generate air and noise pollution and reduce social productive forces.Congestion-pricing is considered as urban traffic control person management
Transport need, shifts an important tool of bus passenger number.It is many to have studied to be absorbed in how to determine optimal congestion
Toll rate.First (not limited for toll collection location) and second (only being charged to subnetwork) optimal charge are used as two warps
The concept that Ji is learned widely is studied as urban congestion charging policy.
Urban traffic blocking charge practical application be the present invention significant concern point, three existed it is famous
The scheme that (Singapore, London, Stockholm) congestion-pricing embodiment is all charged using warning line.Held using warning line in London
Collect expense as before, two other city uses the charge method in warning line entrance section.It is well known that the charge in warning line entrance section
Mode is more efficient and justice.Because it has two practical properties.First, when warning line congestion-pricing comes into effect
Wait, transportation network manager is more concerned with the traffic in area of charge；For example, when congestion-pricing first time in 1975 adds newly
When slope is set up, the target of this scheme of Singapore's land transportation administrative authority original adoption is to reduce 25% to 35% to enter
Total magnitude of traffic flow of toll zone.That is, one should be limited in advance into the total magnitude of traffic flow of a certain area of charge
The boundary value of decision.Secondly, each entrance charging value into a certain area of charge is identical, in order to which driver recognizes and works as
Office's management.
Generally speaking, although existing research obtains good achievement theoretical, wherein much take for congestion-pricing
The determining method of rate is not particularly suited for practical application, and being primarily due to them needs the precise information of many transportation network attributes, bag
Include the time value of row demand equation, road trip time equation and transportation network user.For whole transportation network
Speech, these data are hardly resulted in.
The content of the invention
Technical problem：The present invention provide it is a kind of for warning line congestion-pricing and do not need mass data based on trial-and-error method
Method is determined with the congestion-pricing optimum toll rate of motor vehicle flow.
Technical scheme：The congestion-pricing optimum toll rate based on trial-and-error method and motor vehicle flow of the present invention determines method, wraps
Include following steps：
Step one：According to point, line and the partition data of urban traffic network, transportation network topological diagram is set up；
Step 2：Based on the transportation network topological diagram set up in step one, determine area of charge and the region it is all enter
Mouthful, and each entrance is defined as toll collection location；
Step 3：The total vehicle flowrate boundary value of target for entering each area of charge is set, and implements one in toll collection location
The initial charge price plan of setting；
Step 4：Within this period that current tariff price plan is implemented, observe and enter after recording vehicle flowrate stabilization
The vehicle flowrate of each charging section；
Step 5：" the total vehicle flowrate of target that the vehicle flowrate and step 3 for each charging section observed by step 4 are determined
Difference between boundary value ", according to adaptive prediction algorithm for correction, calculating obtains new paying price scheme；
Step 6：Difference between the new paying price scheme of calculating and old paying price scheme, judges that the difference is
It is no to be less than decision threshold, in this way, then the new paying price scheme finally obtained is exported as optimal result, otherwise return to step
Rapid four.
Further, in the inventive method, transportation network topological diagram includes point, line and the number of partitions of urban traffic network
According to the total vehicle flowrate boundary value of described target is determined according to the relative ratio for reducing congestion, optimizing the environment, and described is first
Beginning paying price scheme is any price plan, and described adaptive prediction algorithm for correction includes two processes of prediction and correction.
Congestion-pricing measure generally has specific aim, for city central business district, through street and Section of Outer Ring Line and city
The cities such as the shopping centre region that easily gets congestion is charged, and these cities are generally with higher private motor vehicles trip ratio
Example, has perfect loop or congested area to be easy to divide, there is still unsaturated road network or hair outside traffic congestion area of charge
The public transport reached can undertake the huge volume of traffic for implementing to be shifted after congestion-pricing.
In preferred scheme of the present invention, it is assumed that have I area of charge in network, determined to enter every according to urban traffic network
Individual area of charge i, i=1,2 ..., I, all entrance sections, and these entrance sections are charged and toll rate phase
Together, τ is usediRepresent.τ=(τi, i=1,2 ... I)TThe charge in all regions is represented, subscript " T " represents the transposition of vector.HiGeneration
Table enters predetermined area of charge i flow (immigration total flow) boundary value.
A represents the section set in network.Represent region i, i=1,2 ..., I, all entrance sections set.Represent the set in all charge entrance sections.IfThen τaThe charge on a of section is represented, if section a is not
The entrance section of area of charge, then τa=0.Different toll project τ can influence the Path selection of the network user and cause difference
Balanced traffic stream.va(τ) represents section a ∈ A balance road traffic delay, Ta(v, τ) represents broad sense road trip time letter
Number：
Ta(v, τ)=ta(v)+τa/ α, a ∈ A (1)
Wherein, α represents the time value of the network user.ta(v) section a ∈ A asymmetric road trip time letter is represented
Number, it be one on the non-negative of link flow vector v, monotonic increase and the function that can continuously lead, v represents vaThe collection of (τ)
Close.
In the step of preferred scheme of the present invention three, to reduce congestion, optimize the environment as target, set and enter each toll zone
The total vehicle flowrate boundary value of target in domain, for example, reduces urban district region congestion requirements of plan target vehicle flowrate and reduces half, then
The total vehicle flowrate boundary value of target can be set to the half of currency, and implement an arbitrary paying price side in toll collection location
Case, such as five yuan, i.e. initial charge price vector
The step of preferred scheme of the present invention four：Week age is implemented to current tariff price plan, in current tariff price
In this period that scheme is implemented, the vehicle flowrate for entering each charging section after vehicle flowrate stabilization is observed and recorded.
The acquisition methods of motor vehicle flow and Congestion Toll mode are closely related.It can such as be charged by being laid in each
The video detector statistics motor vehicle flow of entrance, or it is motor-driven based on each of trackside short-range wireless communication technologies reading process
Electronic charging label on car, and then count motor vehicle flow.
The step of preferred scheme of the present invention five：Pass through " motor vehicle flow that observation is obtained " and " motor vehicle flow boundary value "
Between difference, utilize following mathematical formulae to calculate, obtain new paying price scheme.
The calculating process of new paying price is as follows：
A, structure model
Φ(τ*)(τ-τ*) >=0, τ ∈ Ω (2)
Wherein Ω=τ | τi>=0, i=1,2 ... I be τ feasible set, subscript " * " represent optimal solution, variable
Formula function phi (τ) is as defined as follows：
WhereinRepresent the real number set being made up of I element.
B, calculating variable inequation Φ (τ(n)) it is " motor vehicle flow that observation is obtained " and " motor vehicle flow boundary
Difference between value ".
C, by projection operation find auxiliary toll project vector, will auxiliary toll project be loaded on network, Ran Houguan
The magnitude of traffic flow in corresponding entrance section is surveyed, then corresponding variable inequation value is calculated with the flow value of observation.
D, by further calculating ratio r(n)With step value π(n), obtain new toll rate scheme.
Specific solution steps (adaptive prediction algorithm for correction)：
Step 1 is initialized；
Three constant κ are set1, κ2, γ, wherein 0 ＜ κ2＜ κ1＜ 1, γ ∈ (0,2), set initial step length η(1)＞ 0.If
Put iteration serial number n=1.
Step 2 predicts process；
Step 2.1：Toll project τ is set in a network(n), then observe the traffic flow in each area of charge entrance section
Amount, byI=1,2 ... .I are represented, then calculate variable inequation
Step 2.2：Pass through projection operation
Find auxiliary toll project vectorWherein PΩ[τ '] represents vectorial τ ' projecting to toll project feasible set Ω
On projection operation, its value represents with equation below：
PΩ[τ ']=(maX (0, τ 'i), i=1,2 ..., I)T (6)
Step 2.3：Toll project will be aided inIt is loaded on network, then observes the traffic flow in corresponding entrance section
AmountI=1,2 ... I, then calculate corresponding variable inequation value with the flow value of observation
Step 2.4：Ratio r is calculated by following equation(n),
If r(n)≤κ1, step 3 is carried out, otherwise basis
Reduce step value, then carry out step 2.2.
Step 3 correction process；
Based on τ(n),η(n), it is that correction process calculates a step value π(n), the toll project then updated to
Measure τ(n+1)。
Step 3.1：The step value π of correction process is calculated according to following equation(n)：
Wherein
Step 3.2：Toll project vector τ is updated by following projection operation(n+1)：
Step 3.3：Judge whether following condition is set up：
If above formula is set up, step value η is increased according to following scheme(n), then carry out step 6：
Otherwise, step 6 is directly carried out.
Step 6：Difference between the new paying price scheme of calculating and old paying price scheme, judges that the difference is
It is no to be less than decision threshold, in this way, then the new paying price scheme finally obtained is exported as optimal result, otherwise return to step
Rapid four.
IfThen terminate, ε is a positive limit value set in advance.Otherwise, n=n+1 is made, is entered
Row step 4.
Beneficial effect：The present invention compared with prior art, with advantages below：
Although existing research obtains good achievement, wherein many decision sides for congestion-pricing rate theoretical
Method is not particularly suited for practical application, and being primarily due to them needs the precise information of many transportation network attributes, including trip requirements
The time value of equation, road trip time equation and transportation network user.For whole transportation network, these data
Hardly result in.Therefore, the present invention propose it is a kind of for warning line congestion-pricing and avoid using it is foregoing those be difficult obtain number
According to toll rate decision-making technique, while considering the practical properties of warning line congestion-pricing two, i.e., into a certain toll zone
The total magnitude of traffic flow in domain should be limited to a boundary value determined in advance and enter each entrance receipts of a certain area of charge
Expense value is identical, in order to driver's identification and authorities' management.From the point of view of the trial-and-error method proposed, it is only necessary on charging section
Motor vehicle flow data, and these data are easy to obtain from charge station or vehicle detection coil.
The inventive method is workable, and the vehicle flowrate data that need to only record Congestion Toll area entry section can be automatic
Adjust and obtain to meet and reduce congestion, the Optimal Toll Rate for the target such as optimize the environment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the topology diagram of road network.
Fig. 2 is that optimum toll rate determines method flow diagram.
Embodiment
With reference to example and Figure of description, the present invention is further illustrated.
The present invention is furture elucidated in conjunction with the embodiments for this part content, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than limitation the scope of the present invention, after the present invention has been read, of the invention various etc. of those skilled in the art's reply
The modification of valency form falls within the application appended claims limited range.
Step one：Input target cities transportation network related data (point, line and subregion) is topological so as to obtain transportation network
Figure.
Fig. 1 is the network structure of embodiment, and table 1 gives the terminus pair and its trip requirements of present networks.This example includes 7
Individual summit, 11 sections and an area of charge.Hourage equation uses BPR type equations,
The origin and destination transport need of table 1
| Origin and destination pair | Transport need (vehicle/hour) |
| 1→7 | 6000 |
| 2→7 | 5000 |
| 3→7 | 5000 |
| 6→7 | 4000 |
WhereinRepresent free flow hourage, CaRepresent section tolerance limit.Section effect of confluxing is considered simultaneously, for example, road
Flow in section 1 and 7 is flowed on section 3, therefore the magnitude of traffic flow on section 1 can influence the hourage in section 7.In this example
Have two pairs of sections of confluxing：Section 1 and 7, section 2 and 6.Therefore, for these two pair section, their hourage equation is used
Such as Types Below：
Represent the flow on section a ∈ A in paired section.For example, for section 1,Represent the flow on section 7.
Such equation result in asymmetrical road trip time function.Provided in table 2And CaOccurrence.
The road trip time function parameter of table 2
Step 2：Area of charge and all entrances in the region are determined based on the transportation network figure in step one, and incited somebody to action
Each entrance is defined as toll collection location.
This area of charge is defined by its summit Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, 5,7.Charged in three area entry sections 5,6,7.Institute
It is identical to have the optimal charging value on area entry section.
Step 3：The total motor vehicle traffic limit value of target for entering each area of charge is set (to reduce congestion, optimization ring
The targets such as border, to determine total motor vehicle traffic limit value), the present embodiment uses three kinds of boundary values as a comparison, and respectively 6000
Vehicle/hour, 5000 vehicles/hour and 4000 vehicles/hour, and implement an initial charge price 5 yuan in toll collection location, i.e.,
Initial charge price vector
Step 4：Week age is implemented to current tariff price plan, in this section of current tariff price plan implementation
In, observe and record the vehicle flowrate for entering each charging section after vehicle flowrate stabilization.
A, for initial charge scheme, it is necessary to be observed to the link flow in each entrance section corresponding to it.At this
In embodiment, we solve a Stochastic User Equilibrium problem based on probit, and the balance section in entrance section obtained by use
Flow estimates these motor vehicle flow data.Herein, it will be assumed that the trip behavior of the network user is deferred to based on probit
User equilibrium immediately it is theoretical, while to be also applied for other kinds of user equilibrium immediately theoretical for the methodology proposed.We are same
When assume the network user the time value be 0.6 yuan/minute.In practical application, the time value of user is not in trial-and-error method
Need.
B, in embodiment we this Stochastic User Equilibrium problem based on probit is solved using straight average method.Wherein,
Estimate that random network loading procedure, the i.e. first step are initialized using Monte Carlo simulation, iteration count l=1 is set；Second
Step sampling, from Ta~N (ta, β ta) in for each section aSampling；3rd step carry out it is complete have completely without distribution, i.e., based on obtaining
'sDistribute { qwTo connect each origin and destination pair shortest path on, qwRepresent travelling demand of the origin and destination to w ∈ W.This
One step generates road traffic delay duration set4th step carries out flow and is averaged, and makesThe
Five steps carry out end condition detection, makeIfThen eventually
Only, solution isOtherwise, make l=l+1, carry out second step.
C, in order to ensure accuracy, we during each Monte Carlo simulation, there is three using 1000 simulation processes
Item task：First, the cognitive error term of normal distribution is sampled with pseudo random number；Second, each origin and destination are searched to it
Between shortest path；Finally, by all origin and destination demand assignments to the shortest path of search.Due to for hourage
Cognitive mistake is normally based on path definition, in order to avoid enumerating path, and we are by cognitive error definition on each road
The road trip time of Duan Shang, i.e. user cognitive broad sense is equal to：
Wherein TaThe road trip time function of broad sense is represented, and assumes the cognitive error of road trip time
ξaIt is that average is the normal distribution that 0, variance is constant.
Step 5：By the difference of " observation obtain motor vehicle flow " between " motor vehicle flow boundary value ", according to
Adaptive prediction algorithm for correction, obtains new paying price scheme.
Step 1 is initialized；
κ1=0.9, κ2=0.1, γ=1.8, η(0)=1.0.And iteration serial number n=1 is set.
Step 2 predicts process；
Step 2.1：Toll project τ is set in a network(n), then observe the friendship in each area of charge entrance section
Through-current capacity, by va(τ(n)),I=1,2 ... I is represented, then calculates variable inequation" observe the motor vehicle flow obtained " and " motor vehicle flow boundary
Difference between value ".
Step 2.2：Pass through projection operationFind auxiliary toll project vectorIts
Middle projection operation PΩ[τ ']=(maX (0, τ 'i), i=1,2 ..., I)T, represent and vectorial τ ' projected into the feasible of toll project
Collect on Ω.
Step 2.3：Toll project will be aided inIt is loaded on network, then observes the traffic flow in corresponding entrance section
AmountI=1,2 ... I, then calculate corresponding variable inequation value with the flow value of observation
Step 2.4：Ratio r is calculated by following equation(n),
If r(n)≤κ1, step 3 is carried out, otherwise basisReduce step value, then carry out
Step 2.2.
Step 3 correction process；
Based on τ(n),η(n), it is that correction process calculates a step value π(n), the toll project then updated to
Measure τ(n+1)。
Step 3.1：Another step value π is calculated according to following equation(n)
WhereinI=1,2 ..., I
Step 3.2：Toll project vector τ is updated by following projection operation(n+1)
Step 3.3：Rule of judgmentWhether set up, if so, thenStep 6 is carried out again；Otherwise, step 6 is directly carried out.
Step 6：By the difference between new paying price scheme and old paying price scheme, to judge whether end
Only algorithm, and export optimal result.If do not stopped, then return to step four, carry out loop iteration.
If i.e.Then terminate, ε=1 × 10-4.Otherwise, n=n+1 is made, step 4 is carried out.
The trial-and-error method benefit of the present invention for solving the congestion-pricing Optimal Toll Rate based on motor vehicle flow data is commented
Valency：
The purpose of congestion-pricing based on motor vehicle flow data is to maintain the traffic in area of charge, and this target
The inbound traffic flow that area of charge can be entered by limiting be not more than boundary value that some sets in advance to realize.Given in table 3
The optimal toll project gone out under three kinds of different situations.Wherein end condition uses 1 × 10-4, parameter value uses κ1=0.9, κ2=
0.1, γ=1.8, η(0)=1.0.The third line in table 3 provides the optimal payment collector case value of output, and fourth line is shown, is charged
Total inbound traffic stream in region is equal to predetermined threshold value, implys that its solution meets three foregoing mathematic conditions, i.e., resulting
Toll project can successfully limit total inbound traffic stream and be not more than predetermined boundary value.From situation 1 to 3, with setting
Smaller predetermined threshold value, that is to say, that it is required that more preferable traffic in area of charge, the charging value of area of charge becomes to get over
Come bigger.This also illustrates that the network user needs to pay and more reaches and keep more preferable traffic.
Three kinds of schemes of the boundary value of table 3 and optimal charging value
Above-described embodiment is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill of the art
For personnel, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement and equivalent substitution can also be made, these are to the present invention
Claim be improved with the technical scheme after equivalent substitution, each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of congestion-pricing optimum toll rate based on trial-and-error method and motor vehicle flow determines method, it is characterised in that this method
Comprise the following steps：
Step one：According to point, line and the partition data of urban traffic network, transportation network topological diagram is set up；
Step 2：Based on the transportation network topological diagram set up in step one, area of charge and all entrances in the region are determined, and
Each entrance is defined as toll collection location；
Step 3：The total vehicle flowrate boundary value of target for entering each area of charge is set, and implements a setting in toll collection location
Initial charge price plan；
Step 4：Within this period that current tariff price plan is implemented, observe and record after vehicle flowrate stabilization into each receipts
Take the vehicle flowrate in section；
Step 5：" the total vehicle flowrate boundary of target that the vehicle flowrate and step 3 for each charging section observed by step 4 are determined
Difference between value ", according to adaptive prediction algorithm for correction, calculating obtains new paying price scheme；
Step 6：Difference between the new paying price scheme of calculating and old paying price scheme, judges whether the difference is small
In decision threshold, in this way, then the new paying price scheme finally obtained is exported as optimal result, otherwise return to step
Four.
2. the congestion-pricing optimum toll rate according to claim 1 based on trial-and-error method and motor vehicle flow determines method, its
It is characterised by, described transportation network topological diagram includes point, line and the partition data of urban traffic network, the total car of described target
Traffic limit value is determined according to the relative ratio for reducing congestion, optimizing the environment, and described initial charge price plan is
Any price plan, described adaptive prediction algorithm for correction includes two processes of prediction and correction.
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| CN108830401B (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2021-07-09 | 东南大学 | Dynamic congestion charging optimal rate calculation method based on cellular transmission model |
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| US10311651B2 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2019-06-04 | Conduent Business Services, Llc | Method and system for providing dynamic pricing algorithm with embedded controller for high occupancy toll lanes |
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