CN105426591B - A kind of construction method of city ventilation gallery - Google Patents
A kind of construction method of city ventilation gallery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105426591B CN105426591B CN201510752919.0A CN201510752919A CN105426591B CN 105426591 B CN105426591 B CN 105426591B CN 201510752919 A CN201510752919 A CN 201510752919A CN 105426591 B CN105426591 B CN 105426591B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of construction methods of city ventilation gallery, the following steps are included: determining wind resistance coefficient value corresponding to each building first, then using wind resistance coefficient value as the cell value of resistance grid in least cost distance model, resistance grid is obtained；It is set up in urban wind inlet and multiple uniform points is as source point, establish the source grid in least cost distance model, multiple uniform points are also set up in wind exit, as the target point in least cost distance model, then each source point is found out to the minimum cost path of all target points, the i.e. the smallest path of wind resistance acting using the expense spacing module of spatial analysis in GIS software；Its corresponding line density figure is finally obtained according to minimal path graphic calculation；Ventilation gallery in city is constructed by line density figure.The required calculation amount of the present invention is smaller, the building suitable for larger range of ventilation gallery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the construction method of city ventilation gallery, in particular to a kind of cities based on least cost distance model
The construction method of city's ventilation gallery.
Background technique
With increasing sharply for modern city high density spatial, Urban Environmental Problem is also on the rise, and creates livable city
City space becomes the theme of current Landscape archi-tect therewith, therefore the microclimates such as city wind environment have been increasingly becoming pass
Heat injection point.With the in-depth of Chinese Urbanization's degree, the various City Landscape Environment problems of high density population collection bring are also right
The research of city space micro climate has urgent demand.Important elements of the city wind environment as urban micro-climate, to opening
The perception of space hot comfort, atmosphere pollution diffusion, tropical island effect resolution all have important role, to City Landscape Environment matter
Amount plays the effect of cannot be neglected.
The research method of city wind environment mainly has physical test method and numerical value test method(s) at present, and physical test method is mainly wrapped
Include field measurement and wind tunnel experiment；Numerical experimentation method is mainly based upon Fluid Mechanics Computation (Computational Fluid
Dynamics writes a Chinese character in simplified form into CFD) numerical simulation.
The relevant technologies of the invention --- least cost distance model, using more in ecological study.Least cost
Range equation is based on graph theory principle, can indicate minimum aggregate expense distance of each grid cell away from nearest source point, it is therefore an objective to
For identifying and choosing least cost direction and the path between function source point.Its algorithm uses node/link representation,
The center of i.e. each unit is considered as a node, is contacted between each node and adjacent node by " link ", each
" link " is endowed an impedance value.If going to the unit i+1 of 4 direct neighbors from unit i, expense distance is that place is single
Member and the half for going to unit resistance coefficient summation, it may be assumed that
Ni+1=Ni+(ri+ri+1)/2
In formula: NiAnd riThe aggregate expense and resistance coefficient of unit i where respectively；Ni+1And ri+1Respectively go to unit i
+ 1 aggregate expense and resistance coefficient.
Since model is based on one eight adjacent cellular construction, to consider that organism makees diagonal motion sometimes.If from list
First i goes to 4 diagonal adjacent units, and the calculation formula of expense distance is as follows:
In least cost distance model, first determine that source point establishes source grid, while according to the landscape resistance of different landscape
Coefficient establishes resistance grid, is then based on source grid and 2 figure layers of resistance grid, utilizes the expense of spatial analysis in GIS software
Spacing module cycle calculations obtain expense apart from grid, finally generate landscape resistance area apart from grid according to expense
(resistancesur-face) and minimum cost path (leas-tcostpath).Resistance area refers to the potential of organism movement
Possibility and trend.Minimum cost path refers to the corridor with maximum chances of survival when organism migrates between source and target plaque
Road.
In the research of city wind environment, wind entrance is considered as source point, wind outlet is considered as target point, and wind is from the inlet to the outlet
Flowing in the wind resistance of building each in by city is influenced, the movement of this and organism in city is by urban environment
In each landscape feature landscape resistance influence it is similar, as long as therefore determine city in each building wind resistance coefficient, just
The minimum cost path of wind from the inlet to the outlet can be found out according to least cost distance model, to construct city ventilation corridor
Road.
Summary of the invention
Based on the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of construction method of city ventilation gallery, benefits
With least cost distance model building city ventilation gallery.
The invention discloses wind resistance coefficient value corresponding to each building is determined first, then by wind resistance coefficient value
As the cell value of resistance grid in least cost distance model, wind resistance grid is obtained；And it is set up in urban wind inlet
Multiple uniform points are used as source point, establish the source grid in least cost distance model, also set up in wind exit multiple uniform
Point, as the target point in least cost distance model, then using the distance analysis in GIS software, according to known source
Grid, wind resistance grid and target point acquire each source point to the minimum cost path of all target points respectively；Last basis
Minimal path graphic calculation obtains its corresponding line density figure；City ventilation gallery, the wind resistance coefficient are constructed by line density figure
The calculation formula of value is as follows:
Wherein, ZbFor local absolute altitude；ZeFor control plane absolute altitude；Work as ZbWhen=0, Kb=1；Work as Zb≥ZeWhen, Kb=
100000；By the calculation formula of this wind resistance coefficient, the wind resistance coefficient of each point in cell is acquired.
It is described using wind resistance coefficient value as the cell value of resistance grid in least cost distance model, obtain wind resistance grid
The step of lattice, specifically includes following processing: this attribute of wind resistance coefficient is added to the Shp format chart of cell using GIS software
In, then using this attribute as conversion field, Shp format chart is converted into grid map, resulting grid map is wind resistance
Grid.
Compared with prior art, the present invention divulges information calculation amount needed for gallery more using the building of least cost distance model
Small, suitable for larger range of ventilation gallery building.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the construction method flow chart of ventilation gallery in city of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the building distribution simulation view of certain one residential of specific embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the Z of specific embodimenteThe wind resistance grid simulated view of one residential at=10 meters；
Fig. 4 is the Z of specific embodimenteThe minimum cost path simulated view of=10 meter Shi Feng from the inlet to the outlet；
Fig. 5 is the Z of specific embodimenteLine density simulated view corresponding to minimum cost path figure at=10 meters；
Fig. 6 is the wind speed simulation view at ten meters of height using fluent simulation of specific embodiment；
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, these embodiments are shown if it exists
The content of example property, should not be construed to limitation of the present invention.
Technical solution of the present invention executes process as shown in Figure 1: source point and mesh are arranged first at wind entrance and exit
Punctuate, while determining the wind resistance coefficient of each building, and resistance grid map is established according to wind resistance coefficient, then in conjunction with
Source point, target point and resistance grid map, foundation least cost distance model generate each source point to the most tip of all target points
With path profile, line density figure corresponding to this minimum cost path figure is finally acquired, the line density in somewhere and city in line density figure
Ventilation quantity is corresponding everywhere in city, therefore ventilation gallery in city can be constructed according to line density figure.The ventilation quantity of certain point is with line
The increase of density and it is increased, therefore we can be constructed by line density figure city ventilation gallery.
Now by taking the building of certain cell ventilation gallery as an example, illustrate to utilize least cost distance model building city ventilation gallery
Detailed process.The CAD diagram of one residential is as shown in Fig. 2, the number wherein marked is the height of each floor in cell.
In one residential, on sustained height face everywhere in wind resistance it is related at different location locating for building；
Meanwhile wind resistance of the same building at different height is also not quite similar.Calculation formula in relation to wind resistance coefficient is as follows:
Wherein, ZbFor local absolute altitude (absolute altitude for referring to ground or roof)；Ze(its ventilation is calculated for control plane absolute altitude
Height corresponding to some specified level face of environment)；Work as ZbWhen=0, Kb=1；Work as Zb≥ZeWhen, Kb=100000.Pass through this
The calculation formula of a wind resistance coefficient, can be in the hope of the wind resistance coefficient of each point in cell.
Now by taking the building of the ventilation gallery in cell at ten meters of height as an example, illustrate calculating process of the invention.First will
Ze10 meters are set as, the wind resistance coefficient K of each building is acquired according to above-mentioned formulab, recycle GIS software by wind resistance coefficient
This attribute is added in the Shp format chart of cell, and then using this attribute as conversion field, Shp format chart is converted to grid
Trrellis diagram, resulting grid map are wind resistance grid, and simulated view is as shown in figure 3, numerical value is coefficient, no unit, number in figure
The size of value is the value of wind resistance coefficient.
It is intensive as far as possible in the wind inlet of cell and exit and some points are uniformly set, using the point of wind inlet as
Source point establishes source grid, using the point in exit as target point, this module of distance analysis is utilized in GIS software, according to
Source grid, wind resistance grid and the target point known acquire each source point to the minimum cost path of all target points respectively.It is first
First false wind is that the smallest path of doing work according to resistance is walked, and then calculates the wind at all source points again and reaches all terminals when institute
How much the path of experience can be the size of line density according to the path in somewhere judge wind by probability herein, and this
Probability and ventilation quantity size herein have corresponding relationship, i.e. the big local ventilation quantity of line density is big, as shown in Figure 4.Its is corresponding
Line density figure is as shown in figure 5, certain in figure puts the depth of color and the sparse degree of line corresponds to ventilation quantity size herein, face
Color depth and line it is closeer local ventilation quantity it is larger.By line density figure can be more clear and intuitive observation one residential in wind
Environment.Numerical value unit in Fig. 5 is the every sq-km of km, i.e., the total length of the line segment in every sq-km.
The anemobiagraph at ten meters of height obtained using Fluent software simulation wind speed field is as shown in Figure 6.
In utilizing the counted wind rose of minimum range model, when building is higher than ten meters, the sky of wind automatically from the side
Gap passes through, and will form the ventilation gallery between two buildings in one residential, and when building is lower than ten meters, wind can be from building
Build and pass through above object, with wind shown by Fig. 6 to move towards trend consistent.In Fig. 5, the line below cut-off rule is than cut-off rule
The line of top is slightly denser, illustrates that the ventilation quantity below cut-off rule is higher than the ventilation quantity above cut-off rule, the face from Fig. 6
The variation of color is it is also seen that this phenomenon, this is because the story height and density below cut-off rule will be less times greater than cut-off rules
The height and density of the floor of top.From in the CAD diagram of Fig. 2 it is found that the building from the cell lower right corner is more sparse, and mostly
Lower than ten meters, thus it is larger in this zonal ventilation amount, and Fig. 5 (elliptic region A) is similar with Fig. 6 result.At region B in Fig. 5
There is color and deepens the case where i.e. ventilation quantity becomes larger suddenly suddenly, and the ventilation quantity of same location also compares peripheral region in Fig. 6
Ventilation quantity it is big.As can be seen that the wind channel drawn up using minimum range pattern die, with the result ratio using Fluent simulation
It is closer to, is a kind of design side of new city gallery using the method for minimum range model construction city ventilation gallery therefore
Method.Numerical value in Fig. 6 is wind speed size herein, such as the numerical values recited that 7.72e-03 is represented is 7.72 multiplied by 10-3, therein
The unit of wind speed is m/s.Specific color corresponds to the size of specific wind speed in figure, and the sparse degree of line of vector then corresponds to
The size of ventilation quantity can observe the wind speed in cell and ventilation quantitative change according to the degree of rarefication of color change and line of vector
Change.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of construction method of city ventilation gallery, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
Wind resistance coefficient value corresponding to each building is determined first, then using wind resistance coefficient value as least cost distance
The cell value of resistance grid in model, obtains wind resistance grid；And multiple uniform conducts are set up in urban wind inlet
Source point establishes the source grid in least cost distance model, multiple uniform points is also set up in wind exit, as least cost
Target point in distance model, then using the distance analysis in GIS software, according to known source grid, wind resistance grid with
And target point acquire respectively each source point to all target points minimum cost path；It is right that its is finally obtained according to minimal path graphic calculation
The line density figure answered；Ventilation gallery in city is constructed by line density figure, the calculation formula of the wind resistance coefficient value is as follows:
Wherein, ZbFor local absolute altitude；ZeFor control plane absolute altitude；Work as ZbWhen=0, Kb=1；Work as Zb≥ZeWhen, Kb=100000；It is logical
The calculation formula for crossing this wind resistance coefficient acquires the wind resistance coefficient of each point in cell.
2. a kind of construction method of city ventilation gallery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described by wind resistance coefficient
The step of being worth the cell value as resistance grid in least cost distance model, obtaining wind resistance grid, specifically include following place
Reason: using GIS software by this attribute of wind resistance coefficient be added cell Shp format chart in, then using this attribute as turn
Field is changed, Shp format chart is converted into grid map, resulting grid map is wind resistance grid.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106991499B (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2020-07-28 | 北京爱特拉斯信息科技有限公司 | Ventilation corridor path optimization method based on minimum ventilation resistance cost |
| CN110242074A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-09-17 | 深圳中大环保科技创新工程中心有限公司 | Stepping-stone type of animal gallery construction method and device |
| CN110457819B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2020-05-12 | 宁波市规划设计研究院 | Method for identifying urban natural air ducts according to natural environment |
| CN111444558B (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2023-02-28 | 合肥市规划设计研究院 | Urban ventilation corridor defining method for improving urban climate livability |
| CN115329691B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2024-03-12 | 上海师范大学 | CFD and GIS-based ultra-large city wind environment simulation method |
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| CN104750938A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-01 | 广东省城乡规划设计研究院 | GIS (Geographic Information System)-based urban ventilating gallery identifying method and system |
| CN105006006A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-10-28 | 广东省城乡规划设计研究院 | City high-temperature region ventilation tunnel calculation method and system |
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Patent Citations (2)
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| CN104750938A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-01 | 广东省城乡规划设计研究院 | GIS (Geographic Information System)-based urban ventilating gallery identifying method and system |
| CN105006006A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-10-28 | 广东省城乡规划设计研究院 | City high-temperature region ventilation tunnel calculation method and system |
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