CN105425247A - Method and apparatus for determining surface temperature by use of middle-infrared remote sensing data - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and apparatus for determining a surface temperature by use of middle-infrared remote sensing data. The method comprises the following steps: step A, determining surface bidirectional reflectivity of a twenty-second channel (3.929[mu]m to 3.989[mu]m) and a twenty-third channel (4.020[mu]m to 4.080[mu]m) by use of radiation brightness data and atmosphere parameter data of the twenty-second channel and the twenty-third channel of a middle-infrared wave spectrum zone of moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data through a developed middle-infrared surface bidirectional reflectivity remote sensing inversion method; step B, by use of the surface bidirectional reflectivity obtained from the step A, through a developed surface direction ratio radiant ratio remote sensing inversion method, determining surface direction ratio radiance; and step C, by use of the middle-infrared surface bidirectional reflectivity and the direction ratio radiance respectively obtained from the step A and the step B, through a developed surface temperature remote sensing reversion method, determining the surface temperature. The method and apparatus provided by the invention effectively realize quantitative remote sensing inversion of the surface temperature through the middle-infrared data.

Description

Method and device for determining earth surface temperature by using intermediate infrared remote sensing data

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing quantitative inversion, and particularly relates to a method and a device for determining earth surface temperature by using intermediate infrared remote sensing data.

Background

The surface temperature plays a very important role in the earth-gas interaction process, is one of key parameters for global change research, has very important significance for the research of hydrology, ecology, environment, biological geochemistry and the like, and also has important application value in the aspects of agricultural meteorology, thermal inertia calculation and the like. The quantitative remote sensing inversion of the surface temperature plays an important role in promoting the research of drought forecast, crop water shortage research, crop yield estimation, numerical weather forecast, global climate change, global carbon balance and other fields.

To date, satellite sensors have acquired mid-infrared (3-5 μm spectral region) remote sensing data for decades (since 1978), which unfortunately have not been well-established for terrestrial environmental research, such that the mid-infrared channel is known as the "ignored channel". The main reason for this is the very complex composition of the spectral signal in this spectral region. The intermediate infrared remote sensing data measured by the daytime satellite not only comprise reflected solar spectrum, but also comprise emission spectrum of the earth surface and the atmosphere. Compared with other atmospheric windows, the mid-infrared spectrum has many different characteristics from other atmospheric windows: comparing visible light with near infrared, wherein the middle infrared is slightly influenced by aerosol; compared with thermal infrared, the influence of water vapor absorption on intermediate infrared is small and can be almost ignored; comparing thermal infrared bands, the emissivity and the reflectivity of different objects in the middle infrared band are greatly changed; fourthly, in the aspect of surface temperature inversion, the precision of the mid-infrared band relative radiance requires that the thermal infrared band is much lower; the middle infrared band has strong sensitivity to energy change; sixthly, the emissivity of the mid-infrared band has high sensitivity to the change of the water in the vegetation and the soil. Therefore, in the research of land environment, the spectrum of the mid-infrared radiation has great advantages. Unfortunately, however, the mid-infrared radiation data acquired by the satellites during the day is not well utilized because there is currently no truly physically-based and mechanically-accurate method for separating the reflected radiation from the emitted radiation of the mid-infrared.

Because the interference of the intermediate infrared data by atmospheric water vapor is small, partial haze and smoke can also be penetrated, and the influence of the emissivity error is small, the inversion of the earth surface temperature by using the intermediate infrared remote sensing data has more advantages than the thermal infrared. However, there is no method for effectively separating the reflected radiation and the emitted radiation of the mid-day infrared remote sensing data, so that it is very difficult to determine the surface temperature by using the mid-day infrared remote sensing data. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of effective separation of reflected radiation and emitted radiation of the intermediate infrared remote sensing data in the daytime, the invention develops a method and a device for determining the surface temperature by using the intermediate infrared remote sensing data to realize inversion of the surface temperature of the intermediate infrared remote sensing data.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method and the device for determining the earth surface temperature by using the intermediate infrared remote sensing data overcome the defects of the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for determining earth surface temperature by using intermediate infrared remote sensing data is realized by the following steps:

determining the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity of the 22 th channel and the 23 rd channel by utilizing the radiation brightness data and the atmospheric parameter data of the 22 nd (3.929 mu m-3.989 mu m) channel and the 23 th (4.020 mu m-4.080 mu m) channel of the intermediate infrared spectral region data of the medium resolution imaging spectrometer MODIS data in combination with a developed remote sensing inversion method of the intermediate infrared earth surface bidirectional reflectivity;

determining the earth surface direction emissivity of the 22 th and 23 th channels by using the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity of the intermediate infrared channel obtained in the step (A) and combining a developed earth surface direction emissivity remote sensing inversion method;

and (C) determining the earth surface temperature by utilizing the intermediate infrared earth surface bidirectional reflectivity and the direction specific radiance obtained in the step (A) and the step (B) and combining a developed earth surface temperature remote sensing inversion method.

Wherein, the process of determining the MODIS 22 nd and 23 th channel earth surface bidirectional reflectivity in the step (A) is as follows:

A1. according to the atmospheric radiation transmission theory in the middle infrared spectrum region, under the condition of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the middle infrared radiation transmission equation can be approximately expressed as:

$B_i\left(T_i\right)={\mathrm{\ϵ}}_i{B}_i\left(T_s\right){\mathrm{\τ}}_i+(1-{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_i)(R_{atm\_i}\↓+R_{atm\_i}^s\↓){\mathrm{\τ}}_i+R_{atm\_i}\↑+R_{atm\_i}^s\↑+{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{bi}{R}_i^s{\mathrm{\τ}}_i---\left(1\right)$

in the formula, B_i(T_i) Is the radiation brightness value, tau, measured by the satellite sensor in the i channel_iIs the total atmospheric transmittance, R, of the i channel_{atm_i}↓andR_{atm_i}↓ are respectively the upward and downward radiation of the atmosphere measured by the i channel,andrespectively the atmospheric scattered solar up-and down-going radiation measured by the i-channel,the parameters are obtained by calculation through an atmospheric radiation transmission model MODTRAN in combination with atmospheric profile data. Determining the surface temperature T_sThe surface bi-directional reflectivity rho needs to be inverted first_biAnd emissivity in earth surface direction_i；

A2. moderate infrared surface bidirectional reflectivity rho of MODIS data_biCan be obtained by the following formula:

${\mathrm{\ρ}}_{bi}=\frac{B_i\left(T_{g\_i}\right)-B_i\left(T_g^0\right)}{R_i^s}---\left(2\right)$

wherein,

$(T_g^0-T_{g\_22})=a_1+a_2(T_{g\_22}-T_{g\_23})+a_3{(T_{g\_22}-T_{g\_23})}^2---\left(3\right)$

T_{g_i}the surface light temperature of the i-channel is indicated,represents the surface light temperature of the i-channel in the absence of direct solar radiation. a is₁-a₃Are regression coefficients that are functions of the solar zenith angle only, independent of surface parameters and atmospheric conditions.

Wherein, the process of determining the MODIS 22 nd and 23 th channel earth surface direction emissivity in the step (B) is as follows:

B1. according to the RossThick-LiSparse-R kernel-driven model, the surface bi-directional reflectivity can be expressed as:

in the formula, k_isoIs the isotropic scattering coefficient, k_volIs a Roujean volume scattering kernel f_volCoefficient of (a), k_geoIs a LiSparse-R geometric surface scattering kernel f_geoThe coefficient of (a). f. of_volAnd f_geoAre all observing the zenith angle theta_vSun zenith angle theta_iAnd relative azimuth angleAs a function of (c). Fitting a coefficient k by using at least three groups of surface bidirectional reflectivities obtained in step (A)_iso、k_volAnd k_geo；

B2. According to kirchhoff's law, for a locally thermodynamically balanced non-transparent ground object, the directional emissivity can be expressed as:

(θ_v)＝1-πk_iso-k_volIf_vol(θ_v)-k_geoIf_geo(θ_v)(5)

in the formula,subscript x of f denotes vol and geo. Nuclear coefficient k obtained by fitting_iso、k_volAnd k_geoThe earth surface direction specific radiance of the MODIS 22 nd and 23 th channels can be calculated.

Wherein the process of determining the surface temperature in step (C) is: and (3) according to a mid-infrared atmospheric radiation transmission equation, utilizing atmospheric parameter data and radiance data observed by a satellite sensor, and combining the mid-infrared channel earth surface bidirectional reflectivity and the earth surface direction specific radiance obtained in the steps (A) and (B) to obtain the earth surface temperature through inversion.

The invention provides a device for realizing the method, which comprises the following steps: earth's surface two-way reflectivity retrieval module, earth's surface direction emissivity retrieval module and earth's surface temperature retrieval module, wherein:

the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity inversion module has the functions as follows: and (3) acquiring the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity of the intermediate infrared channel by using the remote sensing data of the MODIS intermediate infrared channel and the atmospheric parameter data which are subjected to data preprocessing and combining the spectral response functions of the 22 th channel and the 23 rd channel according to an inversion algorithm. The method specifically comprises the following steps: assuming that the surface bidirectional reflectivity of the 22 nd and 23 th channels is equal and the surface brightness temperature of the two channels is equal under the condition of no direct solar radiation, according to the regression coefficient a₁-a₃Obtaining the surface brightness temperature of the 22 nd and 23 rd channels under the condition of no direct solar radiationFurther calculating to obtain the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity of the 22 nd and 23 rd channels;

the earth surface direction emissivity inversion module has the functions of: fitting an isotropic scattering coefficient k according to the nuclear driving model by using the acquired at least three groups of intermediate infrared earth surface bidirectional reflectivities_isoVolume scattering coefficient k_volAnd geometric scattering coefficient k_geoAnd then utilizing the developed nuclear driving coefficient hemisphere according to kirchhoff's lawIntegrating the parameterized model, and calculating to obtain the earth surface direction specific radiance of the 22 nd and 23 th channels;

the earth surface temperature inversion module has the functions as follows: and determining the surface temperature by utilizing the atmospheric parameter data and the radiance data observed by the satellite sensor according to the intermediate infrared atmospheric radiation transmission equation and combining the inverted intermediate infrared channel surface bidirectional reflectivity and surface direction specific radiance.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the steps of the invention realize the effective separation of the reflected radiation and the emitted radiation in the intermediate infrared remote sensing data measured by the sensor in the daytime, and provide technical support for the utilization of the intermediate infrared remote sensing data.

(2) The inversion of the earth surface temperature in the intermediate infrared remote sensing data is realized through the steps of the method, and a new way is opened up for the remote sensing inversion of the earth surface temperature.

(3) In the method for determining the surface temperature by using the intermediate infrared remote sensing data, provided by the invention, only the intermediate infrared data measured in the daytime are used, so that the error sources in remote sensing quantitative research are effectively reduced, the traditional surface temperature remote sensing inversion method combining day/night data, intermediate infrared and thermal infrared is broken through, the inversion accuracy is improved, and the combination of a new technology and innovative research is realized.

(4) The device for determining the earth surface temperature by using the intermediate infrared remote sensing data is realized by an earth surface bidirectional reflectivity inversion module, an earth surface direction specific radiance inversion module and an earth surface temperature inversion module, and the modules have the characteristics of simple operation, strong practicability and strong expandability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic overview of the process for determining the surface temperature of the earth according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention for determining the bi-directional reflectivity of the mid-IR data surface;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention for determining the surface emissivity of mid-infrared data;

fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention for determining the surface temperature of mid-infrared data.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, the specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

a method for determining earth surface temperature by using intermediate infrared remote sensing data is realized by the following steps:

and (A) determining the bidirectional reflectivity of the earth surface of the 22 th channel and the 23 th channel by utilizing the radiance data and the atmospheric parameter data of the 22 nd (3.929 mu m-3.989 mu m) channel and the 23 th (4.020 mu m-4.080 mu m) channel in the intermediate infrared spectral region of the data of the medium-resolution imaging spectrometer MODIS and combining with an intermediate infrared bidirectional reflectivity inversion method. The step is mainly realized by a surface bidirectional reflectivity inversion module, and the implementation mode is as follows:

a.1 surface brightness temperature without contribution of direct solar radiationIs determined

Under the condition that the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity of the MODIS 22 nd and 23 th channels is equal and the earth surface brightness temperature of the two channels is equal under the condition of no direct solar radiation, the following formula is developed to calculate the earth surface brightness temperature under the condition of no direct solar radiation contributionThe value:

$(T_g^0-T_{g\_22})=a_1+a_2(T_{g\_22}-T_{g\_23})+a_3{(T_{g\_22}-T_{g\_23})}^2---\left(6\right)$

in the formula, T_{g_22}And T_{g_23}The light temperature values measured on the ground at channels 22 and 23, respectively. a is₁-a₃Are regression coefficients, which are functions of the sun zenith angle only and are independent of surface parameters and atmospheric conditions, and the calculation formula is as follows:

a_i＝b_1i+b_2icos(SZA)+b_3icos²(SZA)(7)

in the formula, SZA represents the zenith angle of the sun, b_1i-b_3iIs the conversion factor (see table 1 for details).

TABLE 1 conversion factor in equation (7)

	b1	b2	b3
				a1	-0.07866	0.37944	-0.88887
a2	-1.32434	-3.36204	1.99923
				a3	0.07913	-0.32188	-0.09891

A.2 determination of mid-infrared surface bidirectional reflectance

By utilizing remote sensing data of infrared channels in MODIS and atmospheric parameter data (including transmittance, atmospheric uplink radiation, atmospheric scattered solar uplink radiation, atmospheric downlink radiation and ground direct solar radiation) which are subjected to data preprocessing, combining spectral response functions of 22 th and 23 th channels, and according to the following formula:

$B_i\left(T_i\right)=B_i\left(T_{g\_i}\right){\mathrm{\τ}}_i+R_{atm\_i}\↑+R_{atm\_i}^s\↑---\left(8\right)$

calculating the surface brightness temperature T of the 22 nd and 23 rd channels_{g_i}And the surface brightness temperature under the condition of no direct solar radiation is calculated by combining the formula (6)The intermediate infrared earth surface bidirectional reflectivity rho can be calculated according to the formula (2)_bi。

And (B) obtaining the earth surface direction emissivity of the 22 th and 23 th channels by using the intermediate infrared earth surface bidirectional reflectivity obtained in the step (A) and combining a developed earth surface direction emissivity inversion method. The step is mainly realized by an earth surface direction emissivity inversion module, and the implementation mode is as follows:

b.1 determination of Nuclear-driven model coefficients

According to the RossThick-LiSparse-R kernel-driven model, the surface bi-directional reflectivity can be expressed as;

in the formula, theta_iAnd theta_vRespectively a solar zenith angle and a sensor observation zenith angle,is the relative azimuth angle of the sun and the sensor, k_isoIs the isotropic scattering coefficient, k_volIs a Roujean volume scattering kernel f_volCoefficient of (a), k_geoIs a LiSparse-R geometric surface scattering kernel f_geoThe coefficient of (a). Wherein f is_volAnd k_geoRespectively expressed as:

where, ξ is the phase angle, θ_i' and theta_v' is respectively expressed as the zenith angle of the incident sun and the opposite direction of the zenith angle observed by the sensor,the overlapping area of the view angle shadow and the sun incident angle shadow can be calculated by the following formula:

in the formula, ${\mathrm{\θ}}_v^{\′}={\tan }^{-1}\left(\frac{b}{r}{\mathrm{tan\θ}}_v\right),{\mathrm{\θ}}_i^{,}={\tan }^{-1}\left(\frac{b}{r}{\mathrm{tan\θ}}_i\right),,$ wherein,h/b and b/r are dimensionless crown height and shape parameters, respectively.

Obtaining a coefficient k by using at least three groups of surface bidirectional reflectivities obtained in the step (A) and adopting a least square method to fit according to a formula (9)_iso、k_volAnd k_geo。

B.2 determination of mid-infrared surface emissivity

Assuming that the shape of the nuclear driving model in the mid-infrared region is similar to the shape of visible light and near-infrared bands, according to kirchhoff's law, the mid-infrared surface direction emissivity can be expressed as:

(θ_v)＝1-πk_iso-k_volIf_vol(θ_v)-k_geoIf_geo(θ_v)(13)

in the formula，If_vol(θ_v) And If_geo(θ_v) Respectively representing the volume kernel f_volAnd a geometric kernel f_geoThe hemispherical integral in the direction of solar incidence can be approximated parametrically as:

If_vol(θ_v)＝-0.0299+0.0128exp(θ_v/21.4382)(14)

${\mathrm{If}}_{geo}\left({\mathrm{\θ}}_v\right)=-2.0112-0.3410\exp \[-2{\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\θ}}_v-90.95545}{68.8171}\right)}^2\]---\left(15\right)$

then, the fitted coefficient k is used_iso、k_volAnd k_geoCombined with a sensor for observing zenith angle theta_vAnd then the specific radiance in the middle infrared earth surface direction can be calculated.

And (C) inverting to obtain the surface temperature according to a medium infrared atmospheric radiation transmission equation by using the medium infrared surface bidirectional reflectivity and the directional specific radiance of the 22 th channel and the 23 rd channel obtained in the step (A) and the step (B). The step is mainly realized by a surface temperature inversion module, and the implementation mode is as follows:

in obtaining mid redOn the basis of the bidirectional reflectivity and the directional specific radiance of the external surface, the surface temperature T of the intermediate infrared channel can be obtained by combining the inverse function of the Planck function according to the atmospheric radiation transmission equation of the intermediate infrared channel_s：

$T_s=B_i^{-1}\[\frac{B_i\left(T_i\right)-R_{atm\_i}\↑-R_{atm\_i}^s\↑}{{\mathrm{\τ}}_i{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_i}-\frac{(1-{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_i)(R_{atm\_i}\↓+R_{atm\_i}^s\↓)+{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{bi}{R}_i^s}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_i}\]---\left(16\right)$

In the formula, B^-1Expressed as the inverse of the planck function. Total atmospheric transmittance τ_iAtmospheric travel radiation R_{atm_i}↓, atmosphere scattering the downward radiation of the sunDirect solar radiation on the groundAnd the atmospheric upward radiation R_{atm_i}And the grade ≈ e is atmospheric parameters which can be obtained by calculation through an atmospheric radiation transmission model MODTRAN in combination with atmospheric profile data. Bi-directional reflectivity rho of earth's surface_biAnd emissivity in earth surface direction_iThe method can be obtained by a ground surface bidirectional reflectivity inversion module and a ground surface direction emissivity inversion module.

The invention has not been described in detail and is within the skill of the art.

The above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for determining earth surface temperature by using intermediate infrared remote sensing data is characterized by comprising the following implementation steps:

step (A), utilizing the radiance data and atmospheric parameter data of 22 th and 23 th channels in a middle infrared spectrum area of medium resolution imaging spectrometer MODIS data, wherein the wavelength range of the 22 th channel is 3.929 mu m-3.989 mu m, and the wavelength range of the 23 th channel is 4.020 mu m-4.080 mu m, and determining the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity of the 22 th and 23 th channels by combining a developed middle infrared earth surface bidirectional reflectivity remote sensing inversion method;

determining the earth surface direction emissivity of the 22 th and 23 th channels by using the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity of the intermediate infrared channel obtained in the step (A) and combining a developed earth surface direction emissivity remote sensing inversion method;

and (C) determining the earth surface temperature by utilizing the intermediate infrared earth surface bidirectional reflectivity and the direction specific radiance obtained in the step (A) and the step (B) and combining a developed earth surface temperature remote sensing inversion method.

2. The method for determining the surface temperature by using the intermediate infrared remote sensing data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process of determining the bidirectional reflectivity of the surface of the 22 nd and 23 rd channels in the step (A) is as follows:

A1. according to the atmospheric radiation transmission theory in the middle infrared spectrum region, under the condition of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the middle infrared radiation transmission equation can be approximately expressed as:

$B_i\left(T_i\right)={\mathrm{\ϵ}}_i{B}_i\left(T_s\right){\mathrm{\τ}}_i+(1-{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_i)(R_{atm\_i}\↓+R_{atm\_i}^s\↓){\mathrm{\τ}}_i+R_{atm\_i}\↑+R_{atm\_i}^s\↑+{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{bi}{R}_i^s{\mathrm{\τ}}_i---\left(1\right)$

in the formula, B_i(T_i) Is the radiation brightness value, tau, measured by the satellite sensor in the i channel_iIs the total atmospheric transmittance, R, of the i channel_{atm_i}↓andR_{atm_i}↓ are respectively the upward and downward radiation of the atmosphere measured by the i channel,andrespectively the atmospheric scattered solar up-and down-going radiation measured by the i-channel,the parameters are obtained by calculation through an atmospheric radiation transmission model MODTRAN in combination with atmospheric profile data. Determining the surface temperature T_sThe surface bi-directional reflectivity rho needs to be inverted first_biAnd emissivity in earth surface direction_i；

A2. moderate infrared surface bidirectional reflectivity rho of MODIS data_biCan be obtained by the following formula:

${\mathrm{\ρ}}_{bi}=\frac{B_i\left(T_{g\_i}\right)-B_i\left(T_g^0\right)}{R_i^s}---\left(2\right)$

wherein,

$(T_g^0-T_{g\_22})=a_1+a_2(T_{g\_22}-T_{g\_23})+a_3{(T_{g\_22}-T_{g\_23})}^2---\left(3\right)$

T_{g_i}the surface light temperature of the i-channel is indicated,denotes the surface light temperature of the i channel in the absence of direct solar radiation, a₁-a₃Are regression coefficients that are functions of the solar zenith angle only, independent of surface parameters and atmospheric conditions.

3. The method for determining the surface temperature by using the intermediate infrared remote sensing data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process for determining the MODIS 22 nd and 23 rd channel surface direction emissivity in the step (B) is as follows:

B1. according to the RossThick-LiSparse-R kernel-driven model, the surface bi-directional reflectivity can be expressed as:

in the formula, k_isoIs the isotropic scattering coefficient, k_volIs a Roujean volume scattering kernel f_volCoefficient of (a), k_geoIs a LiSparse-R geometric surface scattering kernel f_geoCoefficient of (a), (b), f)_volAnd f_geoAre all observing the zenith angle theta_vSun zenith angle theta_iAnd relative azimuth angleUsing the at least three sets of bi-directional reflectivities of the earth's surface obtained in step (A), a coefficient k can be fitted_iso、k_volAnd k_geo；

B2. According to kirchhoff's law, for a locally thermodynamically balanced non-transparent ground object, the directional emissivity can be expressed as:

(θ_v)＝1-πk_iso-k_volIf_vol(θ_v)-k_geoIf_geo(θ_v)(5)

in the formula,subscript x of f denotes vol and geo, the nuclear coefficient k obtained by fitting_iso、k_volAnd k_geoThe earth surface direction specific radiance of the MODIS 22 nd and 23 th channels can be calculated.

4. The method for determining the surface temperature by using the intermediate infrared remote sensing data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process of determining the surface temperature in the step (C) is: and (3) according to a mid-infrared atmospheric radiation transmission equation, utilizing atmospheric parameter data and radiance data observed by a satellite sensor, and combining the mid-infrared channel earth surface bidirectional reflectivity and the earth surface direction specific radiance obtained in the steps (A) and (B) to obtain the earth surface temperature through inversion.

5. The apparatus for implementing the method for determining surface temperature using mid-infrared remote sensing data set forth in claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: earth's surface two-way reflectivity retrieval module, earth's surface direction emissivity retrieval module and earth's surface temperature retrieval module, wherein:

the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity inversion module has the functions as follows: the remote sensing data of infrared channel and atmospheric parameter data in MODIS after data preprocessing are combined with the spectral response function of 22 th and 23 th channels to obtain the data by an inversion algorithmTaking the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity of the intermediate infrared channel, specifically: assuming that the surface bidirectional reflectivity of the 22 nd and 23 th channels is equal and the surface brightness temperature of the two channels is equal under the condition of no direct solar radiation, according to the regression coefficient a₁-a₃Obtaining the surface brightness temperature of the 22 nd and 23 rd channels under the condition of no direct solar radiationFurther calculating to obtain the earth surface bidirectional reflectivity of the 22 nd and 23 rd channels;

the earth surface direction emissivity inversion module has the functions of: fitting an isotropic scattering coefficient k according to the nuclear driving model by using the acquired at least three groups of intermediate infrared earth surface bidirectional reflectivities_isoVolume scattering coefficient k_volAnd geometric scattering coefficient k_geoThen, according to kirchhoff's law, calculating the earth surface direction specific radiance of the 22 th channel and the 23 th channel by utilizing a developed nuclear driving coefficient hemispherical integral parameterization model;

the surface temperature inversion module has the following functions: and determining the surface temperature by utilizing the atmospheric parameter data and the radiance data observed by the satellite sensor according to the intermediate infrared atmospheric radiation transmission equation and combining the inverted intermediate infrared channel surface bidirectional reflectivity and surface direction specific radiance.