CN105425247A - Method and apparatus for determining surface temperature by use of middle-infrared remote sensing data - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用中红外遥感数据确定地表温度的方法及装置,包括:步骤(A)利用中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS数据的中红外波谱区第22(3.929μm–3.989μm)和第23(4.020μm–4.080μm)通道辐射亮度数据和大气参数数据,结合发展的中红外地表双向反射率遥感反演方法,确定第22和23通道的地表双向反射率;步骤(B)利用步骤(A)获取的地表双向反射率,结合发展的地表方向比辐射率遥感反演方法,确定第22和23通道的地表方向比辐射率;步骤(C)利用步骤(A)和步骤(B)分别得到的中红外地表双向反射率和方向比辐射率,结合发展的地表温度遥感反演方法,确定地表温度。本发明有效地实现了中红外数据地表温度的定量遥感反演。
The invention discloses a method and device for determining the surface temperature by using mid-infrared remote sensing data, comprising: step (A) using the 22nd (3.929μm-3.989μm) and 23rd mid-infrared spectral regions of the medium-resolution imaging spectrometer MODIS data (4.020μm–4.080μm) channel radiance data and atmospheric parameter data, combined with the developed mid-infrared surface two-way reflectance remote sensing inversion method, determine the surface two-way reflectance of the 22nd and 23rd channels; step (B) uses step (A ) to obtain the surface two-way reflectance, combined with the developed surface directional emissivity remote sensing inversion method, determine the surface directional specific emissivity of the 22nd and 23rd channels; step (C) uses step (A) and step (B) to obtain The mid-infrared surface bidirectional reflectance and directional specific emissivity, combined with the developed surface temperature remote sensing inversion method, can determine the surface temperature. The invention effectively realizes the quantitative remote sensing inversion of the mid-infrared data surface temperature.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于遥感定量反演的技术领域,特别涉及一种利用中红外遥感数据确定地表温度的方法及装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing quantitative inversion, in particular to a method and device for determining the surface temperature by using mid-infrared remote sensing data.
背景技术Background technique
地表温度在地-气相互作用过程中扮演着十分重要的角色,是全球变化研究的关键参数之一,对水文、生态、环境和生物地球化学等研究有非常重要的意义,并且在农业气象、热惯量计算等方面也有重要的应用价值。地表温度的定量遥感反演对推动旱灾预报和作物缺水研究、农作物产量估算、数值天气预报、全球气候变化和全球碳平衡等领域的研究起着非常重要的作用。Surface temperature plays a very important role in the process of land-atmosphere interaction. It is one of the key parameters in the study of global change. It is of great significance to the research of hydrology, ecology, environment and biogeochemistry. Calculation of thermal inertia and other aspects also have important application value. Quantitative remote sensing inversion of surface temperature plays a very important role in promoting drought forecasting and crop water shortage research, crop yield estimation, numerical weather prediction, global climate change, and global carbon balance.
迄今为此,卫星传感器已获取了几十年(1978年以来)的中红外(光谱区为3-5μm)遥感数据,可遗憾的是,这些数据还没有被很好地应用于陆地环境研究中,以至于中红外通道被称作“忽视了的通道”。其主要原因是这一光谱区光谱信号的组成非常复杂。在白天卫星测量的中红外遥感数据中,不仅包含反射的太阳光谱,而且还包含地表和大气的发射光谱。与别的大气窗口相比,中红外光谱具有很多与其它大气窗口不一样的特点:①对比可见光和近红外,中红外受气溶胶影响小;②对比热红外,中红外受水汽吸收的影响很小,几乎可以忽略;③对比热红外波段,不同物体在中红外波段的比辐射率和反射率变化都很大;④在地表温度反演方面,中红外波段对比辐射率的精度要求热红外波段要低得多;⑤中红外波段对能量变化敏感性强;⑥中红外波段的比辐射率对植被和土壤中水分的变化灵敏性高。可见,在陆地环境研究中,中红外辐射光谱具有很大的优势。可是,遗憾的是,由于目前还没有一种真正的基于物理机制上精确的方法来分离中红外的反射辐射和发射辐射,所以还不能很好地利用白天卫星获取的中红外辐射数据。So far, satellite sensors have obtained decades (since 1978) mid-infrared (3-5μm spectral region) remote sensing data, but unfortunately, these data have not been well applied to terrestrial environment research , so that the mid-infrared channel is called the "neglected channel". The main reason is that the composition of the spectral signal in this spectral region is very complex. In the mid-infrared remote sensing data measured by satellites during the day, not only the reflected solar spectrum, but also the emission spectrum of the surface and atmosphere are included. Compared with other atmospheric windows, the mid-infrared spectrum has many characteristics that are different from other atmospheric windows: ① Compared with visible light and near-infrared, mid-infrared is less affected by aerosols; ② Compared with thermal infrared, mid-infrared is less affected by water vapor absorption , almost negligible; ③Compared with the thermal infrared band, the specific emissivity and reflectivity of different objects in the mid-infrared band vary greatly; ⑤ The mid-infrared band is highly sensitive to energy changes; ⑥ The specific emissivity of the mid-infrared band is highly sensitive to changes in vegetation and soil moisture. It can be seen that in the study of terrestrial environment, mid-infrared radiation spectrum has great advantages. Unfortunately, however, daytime satellite-acquired mid-infrared radiation data cannot be well utilized because there is currently no truly physically accurate way to separate reflected and emitted radiation in the mid-infrared.
由于中红外数据受大气水汽的干扰小,亦能穿透部分雾霾和烟雾,并且受比辐射率误差的影响小,故利用中红外遥感数据反演地表温度比热红外更有优势。然而,目前还没有一种有效地分离白天中红外遥感数据反射辐射和发射辐射的方法,导致利用中红外遥感数据确定地表温度非常困难。因此,为了解决白天中红外遥感数据反射辐射和发射辐射的有效分离,发展一种利用中红外遥感数据确定地表温度的方法和装置,实现中红外遥感数据地表温度的反演,是本发明的初衷所在。Since mid-infrared data are less disturbed by atmospheric water vapor, can also penetrate part of haze and smog, and are less affected by emissivity errors, using mid-infrared remote sensing data to retrieve land surface temperature has more advantages than thermal infrared. However, there is currently no method to effectively separate reflected and emitted radiation from mid-infrared remote sensing data during the day, making it very difficult to determine land surface temperature using mid-infrared remote sensing data. Therefore, in order to solve the effective separation of reflected radiation and emitted radiation of mid-infrared remote sensing data during the day, it is the original intention of the present invention to develop a method and device for determining the surface temperature using mid-infrared remote sensing data, and to realize the inversion of mid-infrared remote sensing data for surface temperature where.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题为:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种利用中红外遥感数据确定地表温度的方法和装置。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method and device for determining the surface temperature by using mid-infrared remote sensing data.
本发明解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案为:一种利用中红外遥感数据确定地表温度的方法,实现步骤如下:The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a method for determining the surface temperature using mid-infrared remote sensing data, and the implementation steps are as follows:
步骤(A)、利用中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS数据的中红外波谱区第22(3.929μm–3.989μm)和23(4.020μm–4.080μm)通道辐射亮度数据和大气参数数据,结合发展的中红外地表双向反射率遥感反演方法,确定第22和23通道的地表双向反射率;Step (A), using the radiance data and atmospheric parameter data of the 22nd (3.929μm–3.989μm) and 23rd (4.020μm–4.080μm) channels in the mid-infrared spectral region of the MODIS data of the medium-resolution imaging spectrometer, combined with the developed mid-infrared Remote sensing inversion method of surface two-way albedo to determine the two-way surface albedo of the 22nd and 23rd channels;
步骤(B)、利用步骤(A)中获取的中红外通道地表双向反射率,结合发展的地表方向比辐射率遥感反演方法,确定第22和23通道的地表方向比辐射率;Step (B), using the mid-infrared channel surface bidirectional reflectance obtained in step (A), combined with the developed surface directional emissivity remote sensing inversion method, to determine the surface directional specific emissivity of the 22nd and 23rd channels;
步骤(C)、利用步骤(A)和步骤(B)分别得到的中红外地表双向反射率和方向比辐射率,结合发展的地表温度遥感反演方法,确定地表温度。Step (C), using the mid-infrared surface bidirectional reflectance and directional specific emissivity obtained in step (A) and step (B) respectively, combined with the developed surface temperature remote sensing inversion method, to determine the surface temperature.
其中,所述步骤(A)中确定MODIS第22和23通道地表双向反射率的过程是:Wherein, the process of determining the MODIS 22nd and 23rd channel surface two-way reflectivity in the described step (A) is:
A1.根据中红外波谱区大气辐射传输理论,在局地热力学平衡条件下,中红外辐射传输方程可近似表示为:A1. According to the theory of atmospheric radiative transfer in the mid-infrared spectral region, under the condition of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the mid-infrared radiative transfer equation can be approximately expressed as:
式中,Bi(Ti)是卫星传感器在i通道测量的辐射亮度值,τi是i通道总的大气透过率,Ratm_i↑和Ratm_i↓分别是i通道测量的大气的上行和下行辐射,和分别是i通道测量的大气散射的太阳上行和下行辐射,是到达地面的太阳直射辐射,这些参数可通过大气辐射传输模型MODTRAN,结合大气廓线数据计算得到。确定地表温度Ts,需要先反演出地表双向反射率ρbi和地表方向比辐射率εi;In the formula, B i (T i ) is the radiance value measured by the satellite sensor in channel i, τ i is the total atmospheric transmittance of channel i, R atm_i ↑ and R atm_i ↓ are the uplink and downlink radiation, and are the solar upgoing and downgoing radiation scattered by the atmosphere measured by channel i, respectively, is the direct solar radiation reaching the ground, and these parameters can be calculated through the atmospheric radiative transfer model MODTRAN combined with atmospheric profile data. To determine the surface temperature T s , it is necessary to invert the surface bidirectional reflectance ρ bi and the surface directional specific emissivity ε i ;
A2.MODIS数据的中红外地表双向反射率ρbi可由下式得到:A2. The mid-infrared surface bidirectional reflectance ρ bi of MODIS data can be obtained by the following formula:
其中,in,
Tg_i表示i通道的地表亮温,表示在没有太阳直射辐射条件下i通道的地表亮温。a1-a3是回归系数,它们仅是太阳天顶角的函数,与地表参数和大气条件无关。T g_i represents the surface brightness temperature of channel i, Indicates the surface brightness temperature of the i channel under the condition of no direct solar radiation. a 1 -a 3 are the regression coefficients, they are only a function of the solar zenith angle, and have nothing to do with surface parameters and atmospheric conditions.
其中,所述步骤(B)中确定MODIS第22和23通道地表方向比辐射率的过程是:Wherein, the process of determining MODIS 22nd and 23rd channel surface direction specific emissivity in the described step (B) is:
B1.根据RossThick-LiSparse-R核驱动模型,地表双向反射率可表示为:B1. According to the RossThick-LiSparse-R nuclear drive model, the two-way reflectivity of the surface can be expressed as:
式中,kiso是各向同性散射系数,kvol是Roujean体散射核fvol的系数,kgeo是LiSparse-R几何面散射核fgeo的系数。fvol和fgeo是都是观测天顶角θv、太阳天顶角θi和相对方位角的函数。利用步骤(A)中得到的至少三组地表双向反射率,便能拟合出系数kiso、kvol和kgeo;where k iso is the isotropic scattering coefficient, k vol is the coefficient of the Roujean volume scattering kernel f vol , and k geo is the coefficient of the LiSparse-R geometric surface scattering kernel f geo . f vol and f geo are both observation zenith angle θ v , solar zenith angle θ i and relative azimuth The function. Using at least three groups of surface bidirectional reflectances obtained in step (A), the coefficients k iso , k vol and k geo can be fitted;
B2.根据基尔霍夫定律,对于局地热力学平衡的非透明地物,其方向比辐射率可以表示为:B2. According to Kirchhoff's law, for non-transparent objects in local thermodynamic equilibrium, the directional specific emissivity can be expressed as:
ε(θv)=1-πkiso-kvolIfvol(θv)-kgeoIfgeo(θv)(5)ε(θ v )=1-πk iso -k vol If vol (θ v )-k geo If geo (θ v )(5)
式中,f的下标x表示vol和geo。利用拟合得到的核系数kiso、kvol和kgeo,便能计算得到MODIS第22和23通道的地表方向比辐射率。In the formula, The subscript x of f represents vol and geo. Using the fitting kernel coefficients k iso , k vol and k geo , the specific emissivity of MODIS channels 22 and 23 can be calculated.
其中,所述步骤(C)中确定地表温度的过程是:根据中红外大气辐射传输方程,利用大气参数数据和卫星传感器观测的辐射亮度数据,并结合步骤(A)和(B)中分别获取的中红外通道地表双向反射率和地表方向比辐射率,反演得到地表温度。Wherein, the process of determining the surface temperature in the step (C) is: according to the mid-infrared atmospheric radiation transfer equation, using the atmospheric parameter data and the radiance data observed by the satellite sensor, and combining the steps (A) and (B) to obtain respectively The mid-infrared channel surface two-way reflectance and the surface directional specific emissivity are retrieved to obtain the surface temperature.
本发明提供实现上述方法的装置,其包括:地表双向反射率反演模块、地表方向比辐射率反演模块和地表温度反演模块,其中:The present invention provides a device for implementing the above method, which includes: a surface two-way reflectivity inversion module, a surface emissivity inversion module and a surface temperature inversion module, wherein:
地表双向反射率反演模块,该模块功能为:利用经过数据预处理的MODIS中红外通道遥感数据以及大气参数数据,结合第22和23通道的光谱响应函数,根据反演算法,获取中红外通道的地表双向反射率。具体为:假设第22和23通道的地表双向反射率相等,以及无太阳直射辐射情况下两通道的地表亮温相等的条件下,根据回归系数a1-a3,获取在无太阳直射辐射情况下第22和23通道的地表亮温进而计算得到第22和23通道的地表双向反射率;Surface two-way reflectivity inversion module, the function of this module is: using the preprocessed MODIS mid-infrared channel remote sensing data and atmospheric parameter data, combined with the spectral response functions of the 22nd and 23rd channels, according to the inversion algorithm, to obtain the mid-infrared channel The two-way reflectivity of the surface. Specifically, assuming that the two-way reflectivity of the surface of the 22nd and 23rd channels is equal, and that the surface brightness temperature of the two channels is equal under the condition of no direct solar radiation, according to the regression coefficient a 1 -a 3 , in the case of no direct solar radiation, the Surface brightness temperature of channels 22 and 23 below Then calculate the two-way surface reflectance of the 22nd and 23rd channels;
地表方向比辐射率反演模块,该模块功能为:利用获取的至少三组的中红外地表双向反射率,根据核驱动模型,拟合出各向同性散射系数kiso、体散射系数kvol和几何散射系数kgeo,再根据基尔霍夫定律,利用发展的核驱动系数半球积分参数化模型,计算得到第22和23通道的地表方向比辐射率;Surface directional specific emissivity inversion module, the function of which is: using at least three sets of acquired mid-infrared surface bidirectional reflectance, according to the nuclear drive model, to fit the isotropic scattering coefficient k iso , volume scattering coefficient k vol and Geometric scattering coefficient k geo , and according to Kirchhoff's law, use the developed nuclear driving coefficient hemispherical integral parameterization model to calculate the surface specific emissivity of the 22nd and 23rd channels;
地表温度反演模块,该模块功能为:根据中红外大气辐射传输方程,利用大气参数数据和卫星传感器观测的辐射亮度数据,结合反演的中红外通道地表双向反射率和地表方向比辐射率,确定地表温度。Surface temperature inversion module, the function of this module is: according to the mid-infrared atmospheric radiation transfer equation, using atmospheric parameter data and radiance data observed by satellite sensors, combined with the inverted mid-infrared channel surface bidirectional reflectance and surface directional specific emissivity, Determine the surface temperature.
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于:The advantage of the present invention compared with prior art is:
(1)、通过本发明的步骤实现了传感器白天测量的中红外遥感数据中反射辐射和发射辐射的有效分离,为中红外遥感数据的利用提供了技术支持。(1) Through the steps of the present invention, the effective separation of reflected radiation and emitted radiation in the mid-infrared remote sensing data measured by the sensor during the day is realized, and technical support is provided for the utilization of the mid-infrared remote sensing data.
(2)、通过本发明的步骤实现了中红外遥感数据中地表温度的反演,为地表温度的遥感反演开辟了新的途径。(2) Through the steps of the present invention, the inversion of the surface temperature in the mid-infrared remote sensing data is realized, which opens up a new way for the remote sensing inversion of the surface temperature.
(3)、本发明提出的利用中红外遥感数据确定地表温度的方法中,仅使用白天测量的中红外数据,有效地减少了遥感定量化研究中的误差来源,突破了以往使用白天/晚上数据、中红外和热红外相结合的地表温度遥感反演方法,提高了反演精度,实现新技术与创新研究的结合。(3) In the method for determining the surface temperature using mid-infrared remote sensing data proposed by the present invention, only the mid-infrared data measured during the day is used, which effectively reduces the source of error in the quantitative study of remote sensing, and breaks through the previous use of daytime/night data The surface temperature remote sensing inversion method combining , mid-infrared and thermal infrared improves the inversion accuracy and realizes the combination of new technology and innovative research.
(4)、本发明建立的利用中红外遥感数据确定地表温度的装置是通过地表双向反射率反演模块、地表方向比辐射率反演模块和地表温度反演模块来实现的,模块具有操作简单、实用性强、可扩展性强的特点。(4), the device that the present invention establishes using the mid-infrared remote sensing data to determine the surface temperature is realized by the surface two-way reflectance inversion module, the surface direction specific emissivity inversion module and the surface temperature inversion module, and the modules have simple operation , Strong practicability and strong scalability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明确定地表温度的总体流程示意图;Fig. 1 is the overall schematic flow chart of determining surface temperature of the present invention;
图2是本发明确定中红外数据地表双向反射率的流程示意图;Fig. 2 is the schematic flow chart of determining the two-way reflectivity of the surface of the mid-infrared data in the present invention;
图3是本发明确定中红外数据地表方向比辐射率的流程示意图;Fig. 3 is the schematic flow chart of determining the specific emissivity of the surface direction of mid-infrared data in the present invention;
图4是本发明确定中红外数据地表温度的流程示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of determining the surface temperature of mid-infrared data in the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1所示,本发明具体实施例如下:As shown in Figure 1, specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
一种利用中红外遥感数据确定地表温度的方法,实现步骤如下:A method for determining the surface temperature using mid-infrared remote sensing data, the implementation steps are as follows:
步骤(A)、利用中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS数据的中红外波谱区第22(3.929μm–3.989μm)和23(4.020μm–4.080μm)通道辐射亮度数据和大气参数数据,结合中红外地表双向反射率反演方法,确定第22和23通道的地表双向反射率。该步骤主要通过地表双向反射率反演模块来实现,实施方式为:Step (A), using the radiance data and atmospheric parameter data of the 22nd (3.929μm–3.989μm) and 23rd (4.020μm–4.080μm) channels in the mid-infrared spectral region of the MODIS data of the medium-resolution imaging spectrometer, combined with the mid-infrared surface bidirectional Albedo inversion method to determine the two-way albedo of the surface for channels 22 and 23. This step is mainly realized through the surface two-way reflectivity inversion module, and the implementation method is as follows:
A.1无太阳直射辐射贡献时地表亮温的确定A.1 Surface brightness temperature without contribution from direct solar radiation determination of
在假设MODIS第22和23通道的地表双向反射率相等,以及无太阳直射辐射情况下两通道的地表亮温相等的条件下,发展了如下公式来计算无太阳直射辐射贡献情况下地表亮温值:Under the assumption that the two-way surface reflectance of the 22nd and 23rd channels of MODIS are equal, and the surface brightness temperature of the two channels is equal in the case of no direct solar radiation, the following formula is developed to calculate the surface brightness temperature without the contribution of direct solar radiation value:
式中,Tg_22和Tg_23分别是第22和23通道在地面上测量的亮温值。a1-a3是回归系数,它们仅是太阳天顶角的函数,与地表参数和大气条件无关,计算公式如下:In the formula, T g_22 and T g_23 are the brightness temperature values measured on the ground by the 22nd and 23rd channels, respectively. a 1 -a 3 are the regression coefficients, they are only a function of the solar zenith angle, and have nothing to do with the surface parameters and atmospheric conditions, the calculation formula is as follows:
ai=b1i+b2icos(SZA)+b3icos2(SZA)(7)a i =b 1i +b 2i cos(SZA)+b 3i cos 2 (SZA)(7)
式中,SZA表示太阳天顶角,b1i-b3i是转换系数(详见表1)。In the formula, SZA represents the solar zenith angle, and b 1i -b 3i are conversion coefficients (see Table 1 for details).
表1.方程式(7)中的转换系数Table 1. Conversion Factors in Equation (7)
A.2中红外地表双向反射率的确定A.2 Determination of mid-infrared surface two-way reflectivity
利用经过数据预处理的MODIS中红外通道遥感数据以及大气参数数据(包括透过率、大气上行辐射、大气散射的太阳上行辐射、大气下行辐射以及地面处太阳直射辐射),结合第22和23通道的光谱响应函数,根据如下公式:Using the preprocessed MODIS mid-infrared channel remote sensing data and atmospheric parameter data (including transmittance, atmospheric upward radiation, atmospheric scattered solar upward radiation, atmospheric downward radiation, and ground solar direct radiation), combined with the 22nd and 23rd channels The spectral response function of , according to the following formula:
计算出第22和23通道的地表亮温Tg_i,结合公式(6)计算得到的无太阳直射辐射情况下的地表亮温即可根据公式(2)计算得到中红外地表双向反射率ρbi。Calculate the surface brightness temperature T g_i of the 22nd and 23rd channels, combined with formula (6) to calculate the surface brightness temperature in the case of no direct solar radiation The mid-infrared surface bidirectional reflectance ρ bi can be calculated according to formula (2).
步骤(B)、利用步骤(A)中获取的中红外地表双向反射率,结合发展的地表方向比辐射率反演方法,得到第22和23通道的地表方向比辐射率。该步骤主要通过地表方向比辐射率反演模块来实现,实施方式为:Step (B), using the mid-infrared surface two-way reflectance obtained in step (A), combined with the developed surface directional emissivity inversion method, to obtain the 22nd and 23rd channels of the surface directional specific emissivity. This step is mainly realized through the inversion module of surface directional specific emissivity, and the implementation method is as follows:
B.1核驱动模型系数的确定B.1 Determination of nuclear drive model coefficients
根据RossThick-LiSparse-R核驱动模型,地表双向反射率可表示为;According to the RossThick-LiSparse-R nuclear drive model, the two-way reflectivity of the surface can be expressed as;
式中,θi和θv分别是太阳天顶角和传感器观测天顶角,是太阳和传感器的相对方位角,kiso是各向同性散射系数,kvol是Roujean体散射核fvol的系数,kgeo是LiSparse-R几何面散射核fgeo的系数。其中,fvol和kgeo分别表示为:In the formula, θi and θv are the solar zenith angle and the sensor observation zenith angle respectively, is the relative azimuth between the sun and the sensor, k iso is the isotropic scattering coefficient, k vol is the coefficient of the Roujean volume scattering kernel f vol , and k geo is the coefficient of the LiSparse-R geometric surface scattering kernel f geo . Among them, f vol and k geo are expressed as:
其中,ξ是相位角, θi'和θv'分别表示为太阳入射的天顶角和传感器观测天顶角方向的反方向,是视角阴影和太阳入射角阴影的重叠区域,可由如下公式计算:where ξ is the phase angle, θ i ' and θ v ' represent the sun's incident zenith angle and the opposite direction of the sensor's observed zenith angle direction, respectively, is the overlapping area of viewing angle shadow and sun incident angle shadow, which can be calculated by the following formula:
式中,
利用步骤(A)中获取的至少三组的地表双向反射率,根据公式(9),采用最小二乘法拟合得到系数kiso、kvol和kgeo。Using at least three groups of surface two-way reflectance obtained in step (A), according to the formula (9), the coefficients k iso , k vol and k geo are obtained by fitting with the least square method.
B.2中红外地表方向比辐射率的确定B.2 Determination of the specific emissivity of the mid-infrared surface direction
假定中红外区域的核驱动模型形状与可见光和近红外波段的形状相似,根据基尔霍夫定律,中红外地表方向比辐射率可表示为:Assuming that the shape of the nuclear-driven model in the mid-infrared region is similar to that in the visible and near-infrared bands, according to Kirchhoff's law, the mid-infrared surface specific emissivity can be expressed as:
ε(θv)=1-πkiso-kvolIfvol(θv)-kgeoIfgeo(θv)(13)ε(θ v )=1-πk iso -k vol If vol (θ v )-k geo If geo (θ v )(13)
式中,Ifvol(θv)和Ifgeo(θv)分别表示体积内核fvol和几何内核fgeo在太阳入射方向的半球积分,用参数化的方式可近似表示为:In the formula, If vol (θ v ) and If geo (θ v ) respectively denote the hemispherical integral of the volume kernel f vol and the geometric kernel f geo in the sun incident direction, which can be approximately expressed in a parametric way as:
Ifvol(θv)=-0.0299+0.0128exp(θv/21.4382)(14)If vol (θ v )=-0.0299+0.0128exp(θ v /21.4382)(14)
于是,利用拟合出的系数kiso、kvol和kgeo,结合传感器观测天顶角θv,即可计算出中红外地表方向比辐射率。Therefore, using the fitted coefficients k iso , k vol and k geo , combined with sensor observation of the zenith angle θ v , the mid-infrared surface directional specific emissivity can be calculated.
步骤(C)、利用步骤(A)和步骤(B)中分别得到的第22和23通道的中红外地表双向反射率和方向比辐射率,根据中红外大气辐射传输方程,反演得到地表温度。该步骤主要通过地表温度反演模块来实现,实施方式为:Step (C), using the mid-infrared surface bidirectional reflectance and directional specific emissivity of the 22nd and 23rd channels respectively obtained in step (A) and step (B), according to the mid-infrared atmospheric radiation transfer equation, the surface temperature is obtained by inversion . This step is mainly realized through the surface temperature inversion module, and the implementation method is as follows:
在获取中红外地表双向反射率和方向比辐射率的基础上,根据中红外通道的大气辐射传输方程,结合普朗克函数的逆函数,即可求得中红外通道的地表温度Ts:On the basis of obtaining the mid-infrared surface bidirectional reflectance and directional specific emissivity, according to the atmospheric radiation transfer equation of the mid-infrared channel, combined with the inverse function of the Planck function, the surface temperature T s of the mid-infrared channel can be obtained:
式中,B-1表示为普朗克函数的逆函数。大气总透过率τi、大气下行程辐射Ratm_i↓、大气散射太阳的下行辐射地面上太阳直射辐射能和大气上行辐射Ratm_i↑等均为大气参数,它们可通过大气辐射传输模型MODTRAN,结合大气廓线数据计算得到。地表双向反射率ρbi和地表方向比辐射率εi可通过地表双向反射率反演模块和地表方向比辐射率反演模块得到。In the formula, B -1 is expressed as the inverse function of Planck's function. Atmospheric total transmittance τ i , atmospheric downstroke radiation R atm_i ↓, atmospheric downgoing radiation scattered by the sun Direct solar radiant energy on the ground and atmospheric upward radiation R atm_i ↑ are atmospheric parameters, which can be calculated by the atmospheric radiative transfer model MODTRAN combined with atmospheric profile data. The two-way surface reflectance ρ bi and the surface directional specific emissivity ε i can be obtained through the surface two-way reflectance inversion module and the surface directional specific emissivity inversion module.
本发明未详细阐述部分属于本领域公知技术。Parts not described in detail in the present invention belong to the well-known technology in the art.
以上所述,仅为本发明部分具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本领域的人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only some specific implementations of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
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