CN105422757B - 电动车辆自动换挡驱动器 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
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- F16H3/10—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
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- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
- F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H2003/0818—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts comprising means for power-shifting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
- F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种续行里程长的电动车辆自动换挡驱动器,包括:电机,与电机相连接的驱动器外壳,在所述驱动器外壳内设置有与电机相连接的电机轴,在所述电机轴上分别设置有低速档主动齿轮和高速档主动齿轮,在所述驱动器外壳内设置有与低速档主动齿轮相互配合的低速档从动齿轮和与高速档主动齿轮相互配合的高速档从动齿轮,所述低速档从动齿轮和高速档从动齿轮设置在中间轴上,在所述高速档从动齿轮上设置有两个第一拨叉块,在所述中间轴上设置有与高速档从动齿轮相互配合的四爪拨叉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种电动车辆变速机构,尤其涉及一种电动车辆自动换挡驱动器。
背景技术
目前,市场上的电动车辆一般都没有装变速机构,没有倒车功能,扭矩小,电流大,无论是爬坡、提速、载重均要靠成倍加大电流来实现,特别是在山区和丘陵地区路面的行驶时,需要经常爬坡,消耗电量大,大大降低了续行里程。电瓶使用寿命较短,且容易烧坏电机及控制器。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种续行里程长的电动车辆自动换挡驱动器。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:电动车辆自动换挡驱动器,包括:电机,与电机相连接的驱动器外壳,在所述驱动器外壳内设置有与电机相连接的电机轴,在所述电机轴上分别设置有低速档主动齿轮和高速档主动齿轮,在所述驱动器外壳内设置有与低速档主动齿轮相互配合的低速档从动齿轮和与高速档主动齿轮相互配合的高速档从动齿轮,所述低速档从动齿轮和高速档从动齿轮设置在中间轴上,在所述高速档从动齿轮上设置有两个第一拨叉块,在所述中间轴上设置有与高速档从动齿轮相互配合的四爪拨叉,在所述四爪拨叉上均匀设置有四个第二拨叉块,在所述低速档从动齿轮的一侧内设置有单向离合器,在所述单向离合器与四爪拨叉之间设置有复位弹簧,在所述高速档从动齿轮内设置有若干顶针,所述顶针的一端与四爪拨叉相抵,所述顶针的另一端与设置在驱动器外壳内的电磁铁顶推装置的顶杆相抵,在所述低速档从动齿轮的另一侧内设置有换向拨叉导向器,在所述换向拨叉导向器设置有与其螺纹配合的换向圈,在所述换向圈的外侧卡设有与其相互配合的限位卡簧,在所述驱动器外壳内设置有与限位卡簧配合的U型限位卡板,在所述中间轴上还设置有倒车两爪拨叉、与倒车两爪拨叉相互配合的倒车四爪拨叉和二轴驱动轮,在所述倒车两爪拨叉上设置有两个第三拨叉块,在所述倒车四爪拨叉上均匀设置有四个第四拨叉块,在所述倒车两爪拨叉与倒车四爪拨叉之间设置有倒车分离弹簧,在所述驱动器外壳内设置有与二轴驱动轮相互配合的差速包,在所述驱动器外壳内设置有与差速包相连接的车轮轴套和车轮轴孔。
本发明的优点是:上述电动车辆自动换挡驱动器,具有倒车功能,在低速行驶和爬坡时用低速档,平路或正常行驶时用高速档,使得车辆的电机始终保持小电流放电,可以增加车辆的续行里程,由于小电流放电不伤电瓶、电机和控制器,又可以延长电瓶、电机和控制器的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明电动车辆自动换挡驱动器的结构示意图。
图2为本发明电动车辆自动换挡驱动器低速档工作原理的结构示意图。
图3为本发明电动车辆自动换挡驱动器倒车档工作原理的结构示意图。
图4为本发明电动车辆自动换挡驱动器中四爪拨叉的结构示意图。
图5为本发明电动车辆自动换挡驱动器中高速档从动齿轮的结构示意图。
图6为本发明电动车辆自动换挡驱动器中倒车两爪拨叉的结构示意图。
图7为本发明电动车辆自动换挡驱动器中倒车四爪拨叉的结构示意图。
图中:1、电机,2、驱动器外壳,3、电机轴,4、低速档主动齿轮,5、高速档主动齿轮,6、低速档从动齿轮,7、高速档从动齿轮,8、中间轴,9、第一拨叉块,10、四爪拨叉,11、第二拨叉块,12、单向离合器,13、复位弹簧,14、干顶针,15、电磁铁顶推装置,16、顶杆,17、换向拨叉导向器,18、换向圈,19、限位卡簧,20、U型限位卡板,21、倒车两爪拨叉,22、倒车四爪拨叉,23、二轴驱动轮,24、第三拨叉块,25、第四拨叉块,26、倒车分离弹簧,27、差速包,28、车轮轴套,29、车轮轴孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例详细描述一下本发明的具体内容。
如图1、图2、图3、图4、图5、图6、图7所示,电动车辆自动换挡驱动器,包括:电机1,与电机1相连接的驱动器外壳2,在所述驱动器外壳2内设置有与电机1相连接的电机轴3,在所述电机轴3上分别设置有低速档主动齿轮4和高速档主动齿轮5,在所述驱动器外壳2内设置有与低速档主动齿轮4相互配合的低速档从动齿轮6和与高速档主动齿轮5相互配合的高速档从动齿轮7,所述低速档从动齿轮6和高速档从动齿轮7设置在中间轴8上,在所述高速档从动齿轮7上设置有两个第一拨叉块9,在所述中间轴8上设置有与高速档从动齿轮7相互配合的四爪拨叉10,在所述四爪拨叉10上均匀设置有四个第二拨叉块11,在所述低速档从动齿轮6的一侧内设置有单向离合器12,在所述单向离合器12与四爪拨叉10之间设置有复位弹簧13,在所述高速档从动齿轮7内设置有若干顶针14,所述顶针14的一端与四爪拨叉10相抵,所述顶针14的另一端与设置在驱动器外壳2内的电磁铁顶推装置15的顶杆16相抵,在所述低速档从动齿轮6的另一侧内设置有换向拨叉导向器17,在所述换向拨叉导向器17设置有与其螺纹配合的换向圈18,在所述换向圈18的外侧卡设有与其相互配合的限位卡簧19,在所述驱动器外壳2内设置有与限位卡簧19配合的U型限位卡板20,在所述中间轴8上还设置有倒车两爪拨叉21、与倒车两爪拨叉21相互配合的倒车四爪拨叉22和二轴驱动轮23,在所述倒车两爪拨叉21上设置有两个第三拨叉块24,在所述倒车四爪拨叉22上均匀设置有四个第四拨叉块25,在所述倒车两爪拨叉21与倒车四爪拨叉22之间设置有倒车分离弹簧26,在所述驱动器外壳2内设置有与二轴驱动轮23相互配合的差速包27,在所述驱动器外壳2内设置有与差速包27相连接的车轮轴套28和车轮轴孔29。
前进低速档时,打开车辆电源开关,电磁铁顶推装置15开始工作,电磁铁顶推装置15的顶杆16伸出将顶针14推出,顶针14推动四爪拨叉10,将四爪拨叉10与高速档从动齿轮7脱开,电机1旋转时,高速档从动齿轮7处于被动空转状态,控制器控制电机1开始逆时针旋转,电机轴3上的低速档主动齿轮4带动低速档从动齿轮6转动,低速档从动齿轮6中间的单向离合器12带动与其同轴的二轴驱动轮23转动,二轴驱动轮驱动23转动带动差速包27,差速包27带动车轮转动,使车辆在低速档上开始起步和行驶。
前进高速档时,当车辆行驶速度达到每小时9公里以上,电流达到22A时,控制器控制断开电磁铁顶推装置15的电源,顶针14和四爪拨叉10在复位弹簧13的作用下被推回原位,使四爪拨叉10与高速档从动齿轮7结合,电机轴3上的高速档主动齿轮5带动高速档从动齿轮7进入高速运转,这时低速档从动齿轮6中的单向离合器12呈空转状态,车辆进入高速行驶。
车辆在高速档行驶过程中如遇到需要减速行驶时,当速度降低到每小时9km以下,电流减少到2A左右时,电磁铁顶推装置15开始工作,切换到低速档状态的工作状态,车辆低速行驶。
车辆处于停止状态需要倒车时,将切换开关切换到倒车位置,控制器控制电机1开始顺时针旋转,这时电磁铁顶推装置15开始工作,电磁铁顶推装置15的顶杆16伸出将顶针14推出,顶针14推动四爪拨叉10,将四爪拨叉10与高速档从动齿轮7脱开,使高速档从动齿轮7脱开空转,电机轴3上的低速档主动齿轮4带动低速档从动齿轮6反向转动,低速档从动齿轮6和单向离合器12空转,固定在低速档从动齿轮6上的换向拨叉导向器17与低速档从动齿轮6同时反向旋转,换向拨叉导向器17与换向圈18螺纹配合,卡在换向圈18外周的限位卡簧19夹力的作用下,将啮合在换向拨叉导向器17在换向圈18旋出,换向圈18旋出时推动倒车两爪拨叉21进入倒车四爪拨叉22内卡住,倒车四爪拨叉22带动二轴驱动轮23旋转,二轴驱动轮驱动23转动带动差速包27,差速包27带动车轮反向转动,从而实现倒车的功能。
在倒车完毕后重新前进时,将切换开关拨到前进位置,低速档从动齿轮6恢复到顺时针转动,换向拨叉导向器17将换向圈18旋转到贴住低速档从动齿轮6的位置,倒车分离弹簧26将倒车两爪拨叉21推回,倒车两爪拨叉21与倒车四爪拨叉22,退出倒车状态。
上述电动车辆自动换挡驱动器,具有倒车功能,在低速行驶和爬坡时用低速档,平路或正常行驶时用高速档,使得车辆的电机始终保持小电流放电,可以增加车辆的续行里程,由于小电流放电不伤电瓶、电机和控制器,又可以延长电瓶、电机和控制器的使用寿命。
上述电动车辆自动换挡驱动器低速档速比可以达到1∶23,高速档可以达到1∶8,所以爬坡能力比现有普通车辆有非常明显的提高,在我国贵州、重庆、江西等山路地区特别适用,驱动器输出轴空载转速每分钟372.6转,如轮胎周长1.62M,空载时速36.2KM。
例如:装有自动换档驱动器的电动三轮车,以配备常州一格公司的60V 1000W的电机头为例,载重520KG(含司机不含车辆自重),爬18度的坡,速度9.6KM/小时(GPS实测),电流不超过30A,连续爬坡45分钟,机器在软件的适时循环保护下,温升不会太高也不会烧坏。
上述电动车辆自动换挡驱动器与现有普通差速机构相比较有以下几个主要特点:
一、扭力大,爬坡能力强。以650w电机驱动,载重350公斤,从地下二层汽车库上坡到地面,只需电流不超到25A即可顺利上坡,且可以坡道停车再起步;而普通驱动机构的同样车型,同样条件下用电流50AH以上,空车也无法上行,更无法在坡道停车起步。所以,装有本产品的电动三轮车,更适用于山区和丘陵地区路面的行驶。
二、消耗电量少,使用同样的电瓶可以多跑路。装有本产品的电动三轮车正常高速行驶时只需电流15AH左右,而普通车型需电流50AH左右,放电时间大于普通驱动器的电动三轮车,这样可明显增加电动三轮车的续行里程。
三、具有明显的车速优势:经GPS实侧,普通电动三轮车时速24公里,装有本产品的同型号电动三轮车时速可达30公里。
四、有效保护电瓶和电机:由于安装本产品的电动三轮车无论高速行驶还是低速行驶均处于小电流放电状态,所以,可以有效死长电瓶使用寿命,且不易烧坏电机及控制器。
五、具有倒车功能,换挡时机适当,动作轻巧,不会造成机件损坏。实为电动三轮车驱动机构的革命性产品。
Claims (1)
1.电动车辆自动换挡驱动器,包括:电机(1),与电机(1)相连接的驱动器外壳(2),其特征在于:在所述驱动器外壳(2)内设置有与电机(1)相连接的电机轴(3),在所述电机轴(3)上分别设置有低速档主动齿轮(4)和高速档主动齿轮(5),在所述驱动器外壳(2)内设置有与低速档主动齿轮(4)相互配合的低速档从动齿轮(6)和与高速档主动齿轮(5)相互配合的高速档从动齿轮(7),所述低速档从动齿轮(6)和高速档从动齿轮(7)设置在中间轴(8)上,在所述高速档从动齿轮(7)上设置有两个第一拨叉块(9),在所述中间轴(8)上设置有与高速档从动齿轮(7)相互配合的四爪拨叉(10),在所述四爪拨叉(10)上均匀设置有四个第二拨叉块(11),在所述低速档从动齿轮(6)的一侧内设置有单向离合器(12),在所述单向离合器(12)与四爪拨叉(10)之间设置有复位弹簧(13),在所述高速档从动齿轮(7)内设置有若干顶针(14),所述顶针(14)的一端与四爪拨叉(10)相抵,所述顶针(14)的另一端与设置在驱动器外壳(2)内的电磁铁顶推装置(15)的顶杆(16)相抵,在所述低速档从动齿轮(6)的另一侧内设置有换向拨叉导向器(17),在所述换向拨叉导向器(17)设置有与其螺纹配合的换向圈(18),在所述换向圈(18)的外侧卡设有与其相互配合的限位卡簧(19),在所述驱动器外壳(2)内设置有与限位卡簧配合的U型限位卡板(20),在所述中间轴(8)上还设置有倒车两爪拨叉(21)、与倒车两爪拨叉(21)相互配合的倒车四爪拨叉(22)和二轴驱动轮(23),在所述倒车两爪拨叉(21)上设置有两个第三拨叉块(24),在所述倒车四爪拨叉(22)上均匀设置有四个第四拨叉块(25),在所述倒车两爪拨叉(21)与倒车四爪拨叉(22)之间设置有倒车分离弹簧(26),在所述驱动器外壳(2)内设置有与二轴驱动轮(23)相互配合的差速包(27),在所述驱动器外壳(2)内设置有与差速包(27)相连接的车轮轴套(28)和车轮轴孔(29)。
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