CN1054140C

CN1054140C - Apparatus and method for produsing ethylene polymer

Info

Publication number: CN1054140C
Application number: CN91105719A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·D·霍托维; F·C·劳伦斯; B·W·洛; J·S·范迈耶
Original assignee: Phillips Petroleum Co
Current assignee: Phillips Petroleum Co
Priority date: 1990-10-01
Filing date: 1991-08-16
Publication date: 2000-07-05
Anticipated expiration: 2006-08-16
Also published as: KR0150467B1; NO178308C; FI101710B1; GR3015891T3; PH31050A; FI101710B; NO178308B; DK0479186T3; EP0479186A2; NO913837L; HUT59620A; YU47815B; ATE119070T1; EP0479186A3; DE69107757T2; JP2726179B2; ES2069162T3; US5565175A; NO913837D0; CN1060658A

Abstract

An apparatus and method for producing ethylene polymer are provided which employ a conduit means in the form of a closed loop (i.e. loop reactor) for receiving a flow of a monomer which includes ethylene, a polymerization catalyst and a diluent therethrough for the polymerization of the monomer to ethylene polymer. The conduit means comprises at least one pipe constructed of rolled plate around which coolant fluid passes in heat exchange relationship.

Description

Produce polyvinyl equipment and method

The present invention relates in annular-pipe reactor, produce polyvinyl equipment and method.This annular-pipe reactor is made of the pipeline of Closed loop form of tubes.

The typical production of olefin polymer (as polyethylene) realizes by circulating monomer, catalyzer and mixing diluents and in annular-pipe reactor.Polyreaction is thermopositive reaction, and it emits sizable heat.Therefore, in order to keep needed temperature of reaction, cooling fluid (as water) is contacted with the outside surface of some pipeline section of annular-pipe reactor and circulation around it.

People wish to be optimized moving heat from reactor especially, thereby can obtain maximum polymer yield under the certain reaction temperature, perhaps make temperature of reaction minimum under certain polymer yield, and then obtain more low-density polymkeric substance.

Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide and produce polyvinyl equipment and method in annular-pipe reactor, it has done improvement to prior art aspect heat extraction from reactant.

Above-mentioned purpose adopts the polyvinyl equipment of production to realize, it comprises: be used to limit circulation path and pass the plumbing installation that it forms the sealing endless tube, wherein the part of plumbing installation comprises at least one pipe of being made by the sheet material that curls at least, and sheet material has two limits that connect along seam; Make coolant fluid flow through the refrigerating unit that carries out heat exchange at outer tube surface; In path, introduce the device of at least a monomer (comprising ethene); In path, introduce the device of polymerizing catalyst and thinner; Make monomer, catalyzer and thinner flow through path and around sealing endless tube mobile device, ethene polymers just generates in path in flow process with mixed form; With the device that from path, takes out polymkeric substance.

On the other hand, the invention provides employing aforesaid device and produce polyvinyl method.In this equipment, when flowing through in the above-mentioned path of reactant in plumbing installation, refrigerant flows at pipeline external surface and carries out heat exchange.

As what below will discuss in more detail, adopt the above-mentioned pipe of rolled plate structure fabrication can make tube wall thinner than the pipe of the jointless structure in the prior art, illustrated as the embodiment of back.Reduce wall thickness in this heat transfer coefficient is increased, thereby it is heat gain that reactor is removed.As previously mentioned, this reinforcement that reactor is moved heat energy power can obtain maximum polymer yield or make temperature of reaction minimum under certain polymer yield under certain temperature of reaction, thereby obtains more low-density polymkeric substance.

The brief description of figure

Fig. 1 is a diagram equal proportion synoptic diagram (Schematicand isometric representation) of producing ethene polymers equipment.

Fig. 2 is the side-view of the part of equipment shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of Fig. 2 along the 3-3 cross section, and it has shown the curl plate equipment structure of pipe among the present invention.

The present invention generally is applicable to polyvinyl production, and this production makes at least a monomer, catalyzer and the mixing diluents that contains ethene flow through annular-pipe reactor and finishes.

Monomer feed can only be an ethene, also can be the mixture of ethene and a small amount of (25% (weight) of total monomer charging is following) other alkene.These alkene can be the 1-alkene of 3 to 8 carbon atoms of per molecule, as propylene, 1-butylene, 1-amylene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 4-ethyl-1-hexene or the like, or conjugated diene, as divinyl or isoprene.

Catalyzer can be any catalyzer that can make above-mentioned monomer polymerization, however optimum be the chromium oxide catalyst that contains 6 valency chromium.

Thinner can be, for example, and hydrocarbon polymer, for example: Skellysolve A, normal butane, Trimethylmethane, normal hexane, n-decane, hexanaphthene, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane or the like.

The ethene polymers that generates is granular, and according to some aspect of the present invention, ethene polymers can be the homopolymer of ethene or the multipolymer of ethene and above-mentioned other alkene.Reaching term used in later claims " polymkeric substance of ethene " and " ethene polymers " herein comprises only by the Alathon of vinyl monomer generation with by ethene and the ethene of other alkene generation and the multipolymer of other alkene.

Refer now to Fig. 1, number in the figure 10 is the representative ring pipe reactor diagrammatically.Shown sealing endless tube is diagrammatically represented the path that plumbing installation limits, and it comprises the

part

12,14,16 and 18 of many perpendicular directions, also comprises the

part

20,22,24 and 26 of many substantial horizontal directions.As shown in the figure, the upper end of the 12nd and 14 parts and the 20th part link, and the 16th and 18 two-part upper ends also link with the 22nd part similarly.The lower end of the 14th and the 16th part connects with the 26th part, and the lower end of the 12nd and the 18th part then connects with the 24th part similarly.Each distinct portions all is that pipe is formed, and among Fig. 2 these pipes will be discussed further below.

The configuration that is to be understood that the annular-pipe reactor 10 shown in Fig. 1 is a kind of possible scheme, can also adopt other configuration and provide various be coupled to each other the part form and limit the sealing endless tube.

As shown in the figure, the 14th part of scheme shown in Ye Tai monomer feed enters from label 28.The slurry of solid granular catalyst and liquid diluent enter the 26th part from label 30.Catalyzer and thinner only enter the 26th part from a decanting point though only illustrate in the drawings to send as an envoy to, and several this decanting points (3 to 10) are preferably arranged in industrial reactor.

Reactant flows along predetermined direction, for example flows along the direction of arrow shown in the figure.Should flow and carry out by means of a built-in water screw or similar device (not expressing among the figure).This water screw is to link with suitable propulsion source 34 and drive by driving coupling unit 32.Flowing of reaction mixture should be kept sufficiently high speed to keep the solid suspension.Liquid flow rate by Reynolds number be illustrated in about 1,000,000 to about 35,000,000 scope better.

As for other reaction conditions, the temperature of annular-pipe reactor internal reaction thing maintains about 65.6 ℃ to about 121 ℃ usually.Pressure maintains about 3.10 usually to about 5.52 MPas (MPa) (gauge pressure) scope interior (manometer pressure is with respect to atmosphere measuring).

Ethene polymers just generates in annular-pipe reactor 10, and is discharged by sedimentation dipleg device 36 and valve 38.When reactant flow during through the 24th part, polymkeric substance just tends to be advanced into sedimentation dipleg 36 from valve 38 (closing condition).Valve 38 is periodically opened to emit the very thick polymkeric substance and the slurry of thinner by control corresponding device (not marking) herein.The external diameter of supposing the various pipes that constitute the reactor path is approximately 25.4cm to about 76.2cm, and nominal wall thickness arrives between about 1.91cm for about 1.27cm, and then the productive rate of polymkeric substance is generally at 13,600 kilograms/hour to 22,700 kilograms/hour.The density of polymkeric substance is approximately 0.89 to 0.97, and it depends on that temperature of reaction, used monomer and monomer add speed.In general add under the speed at the constant monomer, temperature of reaction reduces, and can make the polymkeric substance of generation that lower density is arranged.

Refer now to Fig. 2, this is the 12nd part in the annular-pipe reactor.For convenience of description, the intermediate portion is blocked.Pipe 40 in the 12nd part comprises, it is accepted monomer, thinner, catalyzer and polymkeric substance and passes through, and pipe 40 passes pipe 42 and extends so that they are coaxial basically.The bottom of outer tube 42 and expansion section s 44 link, and coolant fluid inlet 46 is arranged here, and as shown in the figure, coolant fluid stream 46 enters by entering the mouth from label 48.Similarly, the top of outer tube 42 links with the expansion section s 50 that has outlet 52, and as shown in the figure, coolant fluid flows out by outlet at label 54 places.Correspondingly, thus flow in the space of annular basically of refrigerant between

pipe

40 and 42 and flow and contact with it around the outside surface of pipe 40.Reactant in coolant liquid and the pipe 40 carries out heat exchange by the tube wall of pipe 40, thereby shifts out the reaction heat in the pipe 40.

Expanding reach 44 and 50 joins with

end ring

56 and 58 respectively, and pipe 40 extends out through end ring.Be further fastening tube 40, with

strut member

60 and 62 respectively with

end ring

56 and 58 and interior pipe 40 link.At last, the upper/lower terminal of pipe 40 joins by flange with

elbow

64 and 66 respectively.Elbow 64 stretches to the 24th part (see figure 1), and elbow 66 stretches to the 20th part (see figure 1).Visible flange 68 among Fig. 2, it is arranged in along the 20th part of substantial horizontal direction places (Fig. 2 can't see the 20th part) between two parties.

Refer now to Fig. 3, it is the sectional view of

pipe

40 and 42, reaches the sectional view by formed annular basically space 70 between pipe 40 outside surfaces and pipe 42 internal surfaces.

Pipe 40 is made by rolled plate, and its two edges vertically dock and form seam 72.The known method commonly used of pipe 40 usefulness is made, and wherein sheet material is rolled into needed tubulose.The both sides of rolled plate are suitable to be connected to produce weld seam with any suitable welding technique (such as electric-arc welding).The metal that the filler metal that is used to weld is preferably similar to rolled sheet material and have suitable tensile strength, and filler metal should extend to the internal surface of pipe 40 from the outside surface of pipe 40 to form " complete " to soldering opening.Through comprehensively radiographic inspection inspection, this " complete " to soldering opening can be, for example, and the form to soldering opening of two-sided welding.Can make connection efficient (ratio of the allowable stress of welding and the allowable stress of rolled plate) reach 100% like this, referring to the ASME of American Institute of Mechanical Engineers pressurized vessel regulations VIII part the 1st joint.

The rolled plate of pipe 40 should comprise that thermal conductivity is at least the steel that 30 kilocalories of/hour ℃ rice, minimum tensile strength are at least about 345MPa.As an example, listed some in the Table I and had above character, be suitable for specific carbon steel and low alloy steel of the present invention, also corresponding their thermal conductivity and the minimum tensile strength listed in the Table I.

Table I grade of steel thermal conductivity minimum tensile strength

(kilocalorie/hour ℃ rice) (MPa) in A516 Gr 70 41.4 483A537 Cl 2 39.9 552A202 Gr B 35.6 586A285 Gr C 44.8 379A514 Gr B 40.8 758A515 Gr 70 40.5 483A517 Gr A 35.9 793A517 Gr B 40.9 793A533 Ty A Cl 3 41.1 689A542 Ty A Cl 2 32.0 793A678 Gr C 38.2 655 Table I computational methods of the thermal conductivity factor of every kind of steel in example subsequently, to be discussed in detail, its relevant temperature scope is about 56.7 ℃ to about 112 ℃. All thermal conductivitys all are corresponding this temperature ranges in this paper and the appending claims.Minimum tensile strength is drawn from " Lukens 1988-1989 steel plate characteristic guide " (Lukens Iron And Steel Company, Coatesville, Pennsylvania, 1988) .Note that in order to make annular-pipe reactor meet the regulation of ASME regulations the steel of employing should be listed a kind of on the UCS-23 table in ASME pressurized vessel regulations.

Composition about the used steel of pipe 40 rolled plates, preferably carbon content is less than about 0.5% (weight) in the steel, and manganese content is less than about 1.5% (weight), and silicon content is less than about 1.0% (weight), chrome content is less than about 2.5% (weight), and nickel content is better less than about 1.0% (weight).The steel of listing in the Table I all meets these composition characteristics.Have been found that above-mentioned each element generally all makes the thermal conductivity of steel descend.Otherwise cobalt, molybdenum, copper, sulphur and phosphorus can improve the thermal conductivity of steel.

It is that thermal conductivity is about 37 to be about 414MPa about 620MPa extremely to about 45 kilocalories of/hour ℃ rice and minimum tensile strength that thermal conductivity, minimum tensile strength, weldability and the cost of balance steel can be found to select preferably, add the component restriction of above-mentioned carbon, manganese and silicon, and chrome content is less than the steel that about 0.25% (weight) and nickel content are less than about 0.25% (weight).In the listed steel of table 1, A516 Gr 70 is the specially suitable steel that meet these standards.

Size about pipe 40.Suppose under typical ethylene polymerisation process condition, if the external diameter of pipe 40 is that about 25.4cm is between about 76.2cm, then the nominal wall thickness of this pipe rolled plate for about 1.27cm to about 1.91cm, and according to ASME pressurized vessel regulations VIII part the 1st save and fixed corresponding machining tolerance (mill toleran-ce) less than 0.25mm (difference in size) or 6% (relative mistake) better.The machining tolerance of this rolled plate is enough little when making calculation Design thickness (the minimum thickness that allows), can suppose that according to the ASME regulations machining tolerance is zero.Here reach " nominal thickness " used in the appending claims and be meant the wall thickness of the rolled plate of given production in process of production.In addition, here with back claims in used " machining tolerance " refer to the maximum difference of actual wall thickness and nominal thickness.The term that will discuss in the example " design thickness " is meant the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 that the needs of should be a certain predetermined design pressure calculate in the back.

Pipe 42 also can be the rolled plate structure, and as shown in Figure 3, it also has a weld seam 74 longitudinally.For the convenience on producing, pipe 42 can be with making with the same material of pipe 40.

The pipe of forming

horizontal direction part

20,22,24 and 26 (Fig. 1) can be a jointless structure and without the rolled plate structure.Because machining tolerance is big, the design thickness of such jointless structure is bigger than rolled plate structure, can be more obvious in the example that this point is discussed below.Yet, owing to do not have cooling jacket to link in the part in the horizontal direction, so bigger design thickness and corresponding lower heat transfer coefficient seem not too important.

In order to further specify the present invention, show that the present invention is better than adopting in the prior art annular-pipe reactor part of weldless tube, narrates a calculated examples now.This example should not be considered to limit the present invention in all senses.

Following equation has provided the design wall thickness of cylindrical reactor tube wall:

t = \frac{P (R + Ci) / (SE - \cdot 6 P)}{1 - M} + C - - - - (1)

T is a design wall thickness in the formula, and unit is centimetre; P is a design pressure (interior pressure), and unit is megapascal (MPa) MPa (pounds per square inch absolute (psia)) (absolute fluid pressure records by force with respect to zero-pressure); R is the inside radius (miside radius) of pipe, and unit is centimetre; S is an allowable stress, and unit is MPa; E connects efficiency factor, no unit (unitless); Ci is the internal corrosion allowance of expression inner surface of tube, and unit is centimetre; C is total etching extent (outer corrosion allowance C of internal corrosion allowance Ci and outer tube surface _oSummation), unit is centimetre; With M be machining tolerance, it is mark in equation and does not have unit.

Table II has been listed and has been adopted the reactor tube (being written as " prior art ") of A106 Gr B steel and have rolling and welded construction and adopt the value of each variable of equation (1) that the reactor tube (being written as " the present invention ") of A516 Gr 70 steel infer and the calculated value of t according to of the present invention having jointless structure in the prior art.Table II has also been pointed out available near design thickness t but greater than the sheet material of t or the nominal thickness t of weldless tube _n

The absolute P R of Table II pipe type S E M C _iC t t _n

Pressure (MPa) (centimetre) (MPa) (do not have because of (nothing (centimetre) (centimetre) (centimetre) (centimetre) prior art 6.25 28.0193 103 1 0.125 0.159 0.2381 2.2565 2.461 (weldless tube) the present invention 6.25 28.0193 121 1 0.000 0.159 0.2381 1.744 1.746 (rolled plates)

Under each situation, suppose that design pressure P is significantly higher than the maximum operation pressure of ethylene polymerization device, and considered the pressure reduction of hydrostatic pressure and pump.To each steel, suppose that authorized pressure S is 1/4 of a minimum tensile strength.Concerning weldless tube, owing to there is not seam, establishing connection efficient E certainly is 1 (or 100%), concerning the rolled plate pipe, is base with the complete jam welding through radiographic inspection inspection fully, and establishing E is 1 (100%).According to ASME pressurized vessel regulations VIII part the 1st joint, the machining tolerance M of weldless tube is 0.125 (12.5%).The big machining tolerance of this weldless tube is because the manufacture method of this weldless tube of manufacturing causes as extruding.The rolled plate pipe is made with rectangular slab.This slab-thickness difference of making can be very little, and therefore, according to aforesaid ASME pressurized vessel regulations, the machining tolerance of rolled plate pipe can be assumed to zero.Total corrosion allowance C under each situation determines owing to allow outside surface to lose 0.794mm (C because of corrosion thickness _o=0.794mm), internal surface is because of corrosion thickness loss 0.794mm and lose 0.794mm (C again because of routine cleaning internal surface thickness in addition _i=1.59mm), drawing total corrosion allowance thus is 2.38mm.

Significantly greater than the respective value of rolled plate pipe, this makes its nominal wall thickness t from the design thickness t of the visible weldless tube of Table II _nAlso the nominal wall thickness than rolled plate pipe is big.Though the part of design thickness difference is because the difference of allowable stress value causes, most of difference is because the machining tolerance value of weldless tube causes greatly.

Following formula is under the hypothesis pipe diameter condition bigger than wall thickness, the approaching approximate expression of reactor tube walls heat transfer coefficient, as the situation in this special case:

h_{r} = \frac{K}{t_{n}} \times 4.88 - - - - (2)

Hr is the heat transfer coefficient of reactor tube walls in the formula, and unit is a kilocalorie/hour rice ²℃, K is the thermal conductivity of reactor tube walls, and unit is a kilocalorie/hour rice ℃, and tn is the nominal thickness of reactor tube walls, and unit is a rice.

For the hr to each reactor tube discussed above calculates, need accurately to determine thermal conductivity K.Equation can be transformed into the form of asking K, this is the function of the component of a used special steel:

K＝f(C，Mn，Cr，Ni，Si，CoMo，PS)

(3) C is the weight percent of carbon in the formula, and Mn is the weight percent of manganese, and Cr is the weight percent of chromium, Ni is the weight percent of nickel, Si is the weight percent of silicon, and CoMo is the weight percent sum of cobalt and molybdenum, and PS is the weight percent sum of p and s.

Can be from Boyer, " ASM metals handbook " (U.S. metal association that H.E and Gall.T.L. showed, Metals Park, Ohio, 1984) and Touloukian, Y.S. wait in " thermal conductivity---metallic element and alloy " (the 1st volume, " thermophysical property of material " IFI/Plenum, 1970) of being shown and obtain totally 71 data points.Wherein each data point comprises a thermal conductivity values, and unit is each a weight percent in watt/centimetre ° K and carbon, manganese, chromium, nickel, silicon, cobalt molybdenum and the phosphorus sulphur.These data points mainly are to take from carbon steel and low alloy steel, do not comprise any quenching or stress relief annealed steel.In addition, the thermal conductivity value of all data points is all corresponding between 56.7 ℃ (330 ° of K) to 112 ℃ (385 ° of K).For making equation be applicable to these data points.It is multiply by a transformation factor 85.9865 just watt/centimetre ° K can be transformed into kilocalorie/hour rice ℃.The equation that obtains is as follows: K=85.9865 (.184145C+.103058C ²-.090918Mn+.004656Mn ²-.019635C/Mn-.080988Cr-.040108Ni+.029689CoMo+.083686CuC/M n-.118106Si+.136711PS+.640509),

(4) unit of K is a kilocalorie/hour rice ℃ in the formula.

For every type discussed above reactor tubing (A106 Gr B and A516 Gr 70) all is to utilize " Lukens 1988-1989 steel characteristics guide " used steel in (Supra) to form weight percent values, calculates thermal conductivity K by formula (4).The data that provide as this guide are scopes, then are averaged weight percent values; What find as this guide is maximum value, then gets peaked 75%.Then, with the K value and the nominal thickness t that are calculated _nSubstitution equation (2) removes to ask heat transfer coefficient value h again _rK, the t of various reactor tube have been listed in the Table III _nAnd h _rValue.

Table III pipe type K t _nh _r

(kilocalorie/hour rice ℃) (rice) (kilocalorie/hour rice ²℃) prior art 42.7 0.02461 1735 (weldless tube) the present invention 41.4 0.01746 2371 (rolled plates)

By Table III as seen, though the thermal conductivity of a little higher than rolled plate reactor tube of the thermal conductivity of seamless reactor tube, the heat transfer coefficient of rolled plate reactor tube is obviously greater than the former (being almost 37%).When being about 2440 kilocalories of/hour rice together with reactant slurry film heat-transfer coefficient ²C and refrigerant (water) film heat-transfer coefficient is about 4640 kilocalories of/hour rice ²℃ one when being used from Calculation of Heat Transfer, and according to the present invention, this bigger heat transfer coefficient hr can draw and estimate that under 103 ℃ of temperature of reaction polymer yield increases by 12.8%; Or when productive rate was 17,375 kilograms/hour, the response estimator temperature descended 3.67 ℃, and suppose that production density is that 0.955 grams per milliliter ethene-hexene copolymer (the hexene amount is less than 1% (weight)) carries out under the following conditions: reaction pressure is about 4.38MPa, gauge pressure; Reactant velocity is 8.32 meter per seconds; Water coolant speed is 2.68 meter per seconds; The water coolant temperature in is 70 ℃; Contain 62% (volume) solids component with reactant in isobutane diluent.

Obviously with reference to foregoing, can make many improvement and variation to the present invention.Therefore should be noted that, except resemble specifically described, just belong to the present invention in the appending claims scope as long as improvement of being done and variation drop on.

Claims

1. produce polyvinyl equipment, it comprises

Be used to limit circulation path and form the plumbing installation of sealing endless tube by it, wherein the part of described at least plumbing installation comprises at least one pipe of being made by the sheet material that curls, and sheet material has two limits that connect along seam;

The refrigerating unit that makes outside surface that coolant fluid flows through described pipe carry out heat exchange;

In described path, introduce at least a monomeric device that comprises ethene;

In described path, introduce the device of polymerizing catalyst and thinner;

Make described monomer, catalyzer and thinner flow through path and around described sealing endless tube mobile device, in flow process, ethene polymers just generates in described path with mixed state; With

From described path, take out the device of polymkeric substance.

2. equipment according to claim 1, wherein said curling sheet material comprises steel.

3. equipment according to claim 2, wherein the thermal conductivity of steel is at least 30 kilocalories of/hour ℃ rice and minimum tensile strength is at least 345MPa.

4. equipment according to claim 3, wherein said steel is characterised in that carbon content less than 0.5% (weight), and manganese content is less than 1.5% (weight), and silicon content is less than 1.0% (weight), chrome content is less than 2.5% (weight), and nickel content is less than 1.0% (weight).

5. equipment according to claim 4, wherein said steel is selected from following one group: A516 Gr 70, A537 C1 2, A202 Gr B, A285 Gr C, A514Gr B, A515 Gr 70, A517 Gr A, A517 Gr B, A533 Ty A Cl 3, A542 Ty A Cl 2 and A678 Gr C.

6. equipment according to claim 4, the thermal conductivity of wherein said steel are that 37 to 45 kilocalories of/hour ℃ rice and minimum tensile strength are 414MPa to 620MPa.

7. equipment according to claim 6, wherein said steel be characterised in that chrome content less than 0.25% (weight) and nickel content less than 0.25% (weight).

8. equipment according to claim 7, wherein said steel are A516 Gr70.

9. equipment according to claim 2, two limits of wherein said curling sheet material connect along described seam with welding process.

10. equipment according to claim 9, wherein said seam longitudinally extend along described at least one pipe basically.

11. equipment according to claim 10, the external diameter of wherein said at least one pipe are 25.4cm to 76.2cm.

12. equipment according to claim 11, the nominal wall thickness of the curling sheet material of wherein said at least one pipe are 1.27cm to 1.91cm.

13. equipment according to claim 1, wherein said refrigerating unit comprises: coaxial basically placement and surround its at least one pipe with respect at least one pipe of described plumbing installation, to form annular space basically betwixt; With the device that makes described coolant fluid flow and be in contact with it around the outside surface of at least one pipe of described plumbing installation by described annular space.

14. equipment according to claim 13, at least one pipe of wherein said refrigerating unit also made by curling sheet material.

15. equipment according to claim 1, at least one pipe of wherein said plumbing installation is the perpendicular direction.

16. equipment according to claim 15, at least one pipe of wherein said plumbing installation comprises the pipe of many perpendicular directions.

17. equipment according to claim 16, wherein said plumbing installation also comprises the pipe of many substantial horizontal directions.

18. equipment according to claim 17, the pipe of wherein said horizontal direction is a jointless structure.

19. produce polyvinyl method, wherein, polyreaction is carried out in each described equipment in claim 1-18.

20. method according to claim 19, wherein, described ethene polymers is an Alathon.

21. method according to claim 19, wherein, described ethene polymers is the multipolymer that ethene and consumption are less than other alkene of 25% (weight).

22. method according to claim 19, wherein, described polyreaction is to carry out under 65.5 ℃ to 121 ℃ in temperature.

23. method according to claim 19, wherein, described polyreaction is to carry out under the 3.10MPa to 5.52Mpa (gauge pressure) at pressure.

24. method according to claim 19, wherein, described polyvinyl productive rate is 13600 kilograms/hour to 22700 kilograms/hour.