CN105409931A - 一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂 - Google Patents

一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂 Download PDF

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CN105409931A
CN105409931A CN201510879020.5A CN201510879020A CN105409931A CN 105409931 A CN105409931 A CN 105409931A CN 201510879020 A CN201510879020 A CN 201510879020A CN 105409931 A CN105409931 A CN 105409931A
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张英
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂，由香菇多糖、植物激活蛋白、福美双、大蒜油、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇、丙酮、癸酸和去离子水组成。本发明为用于防治黄瓜白粉病的复配农药，香菇多糖、植物激活蛋白和福美双复配后具有明显的增效作用，显著减少了有效成分的用药量，本发明有效增强了对黄瓜白粉病的预防和治疗的作用，见效快，持效期长，对非靶标作物无影响，且对黄瓜具有明显的增产效果。

Description

一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂，属于农药领域。
背景技术
香菇多糖是从优质香菇子实体中提取的有效活性成分，是一种寄主免疫增强剂，香菇多糖具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、调节免疫功能和刺激干扰素形成等功能。香菇多糖是提高植物免疫性的成分，其分子量超过1万的多糖，以β-1,3葡聚糖为主，含有少量的木糖和甘露糖。香菇多糖最早主要应用于医药领域，随着人们对生物农药研究的不断深入，目前已有将香菇多糖用于农药领域。
植物激活蛋白是从真菌中分离提取的一类具有促进植物生长和提高其抗性的热稳定蛋白激发子。该蛋白分子量为42kD，等电点约4.18.目前植物激活蛋白主要从交链孢菌、纹枯病菌、黄曲霉菌、葡萄孢菌、稻瘟菌、镰刀菌等真菌中筛选、分离和纯化得到的。植物激活蛋白具有增强植物抗病、防虫、抗逆能力和促进植物生长等生物活性。
福美双是一种具有保护作用的杀菌剂，其抗菌谱广，主要用于处理种子和土壤，防治禾谷类黑穗病和多种作物的苗期立枯病。也可用于喷洒，防治一些果树、蔬菜病害。有效成分福美双对环境的影响，蓝鳃太阳鱼LC50（48小时mg/L）0.23，鳟鱼LC50（48小时mg/L）0.13，鲤鱼LC50（48小时mg/L）4；蜜蜂LD50（接触）大于10微克/蜂，日本鹑LD50（经口mg/kg）695，红环黑鸟（经口mg/kg）300。福美双的半衰期为0.5天（砂土，pH6.7）。
黄瓜白粉病俗称“白毛病”，以叶片受害最重，其次是叶柄和茎，一般不危害果实。发病初期，叶片正面或背面产生白色近圆形的小粉斑，逐渐扩大成边缘不明显的大片白粉区，布满叶面，好像撒了层白粉。抹去白粉，可见叶面褪绿，枯黄变脆。发病严重时，叶面布满白粉，变成灰白色，直至整个叶片枯死。白粉病侵染叶柄和嫩茎后，症状与叶片上的相似，惟病斑较小，粉状物也少。在叶片上开始产生黄色小点，而后扩大发展成圆形或椭圆形病斑，表面生有白色粉状霉层。一般情况下部叶片比上部叶片多，叶片背面比正面多。霉斑早期单独分散，后联合成一个大霉斑，甚至可以覆盖全叶，严重影响光合作用，使正常新陈代谢受到干扰，造成早衰，产量受到损失。近年来，白粉病产生了一定的抗药性，亟待解决这一问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂，本发明对黄瓜白粉病具有显著的防治效果，且对环境安全，持效期长，明显增加了黄瓜的产量。
一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂，由以下原料组成：
香菇多糖、植物激活蛋白、福美双、大蒜油、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇、丙酮、癸酸和去离子水。
上述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖1-10%、植物激活蛋白1-10%、福美双10-50%、大蒜油1-3%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5-6%、聚乙二醇8-9%、丙酮5-8%、癸酸0.2-0.3%、去离子水补足100%。
优选的，所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖3-8%、植物激活蛋白1-5%、福美双15-30%、大蒜油1-2.5%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5.3-5.8%、聚乙二醇8-8.8%、丙酮5-7%、癸酸0.21-0.28%、去离子水补足100%。
优选的，所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖2-5%、植物激活蛋白1.5-3%、福美双15-25%、大蒜油1.5-2.5%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5.3-5.8%、聚乙二醇8-8.5%、丙酮5-7%、癸酸0.21-0.26%、去离子水补足100%。
优选的，所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖2.5-3%、植物激活蛋白2-3%、福美双15-20%、大蒜油1.5-2.5%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5.3-5.5%、聚乙二醇8-8.3%、丙酮5-7%、癸酸0.21-0.25%、去离子水补足100%。
更优选的，所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖3%、植物激活蛋白2%、福美双18%、大蒜油2%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5.3%、聚乙二醇8.1%、丙酮6%、癸酸0.25%、去离子水补足100%。
上述微乳剂用于防治黄瓜白粉病时，药剂的使用量为50-75克/公顷，优选的药剂使用量为55-70克/公顷，更优选的药剂使用量为66.7克/公顷。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
本发明为用于防治黄瓜白粉病的复配农药，香菇多糖、植物激活蛋白和福美双复配后具有明显的增效作用，显著减少了有效成分的用药量，本发明有效增强了对黄瓜白粉病的预防和治疗的作用，见效快，持效期长，对非靶标作物无影响，且对黄瓜具有明显的增产效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明，本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但实施例仅是范例性的，并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换，但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂
所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖3%、植物激活蛋白2%、福美双18%、大蒜油2%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5.3%、聚乙二醇8.1%、丙酮6%、癸酸0.25%、去离子水补足100%。
将本发明实施例1获得的微乳剂用于防治黄瓜白粉病，黄瓜白粉病发病初期施药，制剂用药量为66.7克/公顷，喷雾2次，二次药后7天和15天的防治效果分别为94.3%、96.8%。70%福美双微乳剂按150克/公顷喷雾施药2次，二次药后7天和15天的防治效果分别为84.4%、86.4%。
实施例2一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂
所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖8%、植物激活蛋白2%、福美双40%、大蒜油1%、烷基酚聚氧乙烯嘧甲醛缩合物硫酸盐6%、润湿渗透剂F8%、高岭土加至100%。
将本发明实施例2获得的微乳剂用于防治黄瓜白粉病，黄瓜白粉病发病初期施药，制剂用药量为50克/公顷，喷雾2次，二次药后7天和15天的防治效果分别为95.1%、96.3%。70%福美双微乳剂按150克/公顷喷雾施药2次，二次药后7天和15天的防治效果分别为84.4%、86.4%。
实施例3一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂
所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖1%、植物激活蛋白4%、福美双15%、大蒜油2.5%、烷基酚聚氧乙烯嘧甲醛缩合物硫酸盐8%、润湿渗透剂F5%、高岭土加至100%。
将本发明实施例3获得的微乳剂用于防治黄瓜白粉病，黄瓜白粉病发病初期施药，制剂用药量为70克/公顷，喷雾2次，二次药后7天和15天的防治效果分别为90.3%、95.4%。70%福美双微乳剂按150克/公顷喷雾施药2次，二次药后7天和15天的防治效果分别为84.4%、86.4%。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于防治黄瓜白粉病的微乳剂，其特征在于，所述微乳剂由以下原料组成：
香菇多糖、植物激活蛋白、福美双、大蒜油、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、聚乙二醇、丙酮、癸酸和去离子水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微乳剂，其特征在于，所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖1-10%、植物激活蛋白1-10%、福美双10-50%、大蒜油1-3%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5-6%、聚乙二醇8-9%、丙酮5-8%、癸酸0.2-0.3%、去离子水补足100%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的微乳剂，其特征在于，所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖3-8%、植物激活蛋白1-5%、福美双15-30%、大蒜油1-2.5%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5.3-5.8%、聚乙二醇8-8.8%、丙酮5-7%、癸酸0.21-0.28%、去离子水补足100%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的微乳剂，其特征在于，所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖2-5%、植物激活蛋白1.5-3%、福美双15-25%、大蒜油1.5-2.5%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5.3-5.8%、聚乙二醇8-8.5%、丙酮5-7%、癸酸0.21-0.26%、去离子水补足100%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的微乳剂，其特征在于，所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖2.5-3%、植物激活蛋白2-3%、福美双15-20%、大蒜油1.5-2.5%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5.3-5.5%、聚乙二醇8-8.3%、丙酮5-7%、癸酸0.21-0.25%、去离子水补足100%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的微乳剂，其特征在于，所述微乳剂中各原料组分按质量百分比计：
香菇多糖3%、植物激活蛋白2%、福美双18%、大蒜油2%、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚5.3%、聚乙二醇8.1%、丙酮6%、癸酸0.25%、去离子水补足100%。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的微乳剂用于防治黄瓜白粉病时，药剂的使用量为50-75克/公顷。
8.根据权利要求7所述的微乳剂用于防治黄瓜白粉病时，药剂的使用量为55-70克/公顷。
9.根据权利要求8所述的微乳剂用于防治黄瓜白粉病时，药剂的使用量为66.7克/公顷。
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102972448A (zh) * 2012-12-25 2013-03-20 联保作物科技有限公司 一种抗病组合物及其应用和悬浮种衣剂
CN104351203A (zh) * 2014-11-11 2015-02-18 济南新起点医药科技有限公司 一种戊唑醇和大蒜素的微乳剂
CN104542590A (zh) * 2014-11-27 2015-04-29 山东永泰化工有限公司 有效成分为香菇多糖和大蒜素的微乳剂

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102972448A (zh) * 2012-12-25 2013-03-20 联保作物科技有限公司 一种抗病组合物及其应用和悬浮种衣剂
CN104351203A (zh) * 2014-11-11 2015-02-18 济南新起点医药科技有限公司 一种戊唑醇和大蒜素的微乳剂
CN104542590A (zh) * 2014-11-27 2015-04-29 山东永泰化工有限公司 有效成分为香菇多糖和大蒜素的微乳剂

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