CN105403063A - Intelligent fuzzy control energy-saving method of gas furnace hearth temperature computer - Google Patents
Intelligent fuzzy control energy-saving method of gas furnace hearth temperature computer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent fuzzy control energy-saving method of a gas furnace hearth temperature computer. The method comprises three parts, namely an intelligent fuzzy control algorithm, an energy-saving control strategy and a same-period multi-pulse burner uniformly-spaced cross output method. The intelligent fuzzy control algorithm realizes accurate temperature control on the basis of a control rule self-adjusting fuzzy algorithm and an intelligent integration; the energy-saving control strategy judges the degree of heat exchange between high-temperature flue gas and a workpiece according to the change of in-furnace temperature and adjusts the output quantity of gas in real time to realize optimum control of the output quantity of gas; and the same-period multi-pulse burner uniformly-spaced cross output method realizes minimum instantaneous gas output by adjusting the time sequence of output of burners without changing a control output value, so that the instantaneous pressure difference between a furnace bottom and a furnace top is reduced, the rising speed of the high-temperature flue gas is lowered, and accordingly the time of heat exchange between the high-temperature flue gas and the workpiece is prolonged to ensure that heat is absorbed completely.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of intelligent control in the control of industrial furnace automation process, specifically belong to computer intelligence fuzzy control technology, be specifically related to gas furnace kiln fire box temperature computer intelligence fuzzy control power-economizing method.
Background technology
At present, the power-saving technology that adopts of gas furnace kiln is as follows:
1. adopt air, gas change heater and regenerative combustion technology etc. to realize the waste heat recovery of high-temperature flue gas;
2. adopt heat insulation, lightweight, fire resistant heat preserving furnace lining material, usually select energy-conservation aluminosilicate fiber cotton;
3. adopt energy-saving burner technology, namely select Energy saving burning nozzle;
4. adopt infrared radiation coating technology to improve heat transfer rate;
5. by coefficient of excess air, air-fuel ratio is automatically adjusted, ensure combustion gas Thorough combustion;
6. adopt computer distribution control mode to improve Systematical control precision.
Above-mentioned power-saving technology relative maturity, is widely used in the modernization restructuring project of gas furnace kiln, and achieves good energy-saving effect.After above power-saving technology is used singly or in combination, the temperature control algorithm of gas furnace kiln is improved, by computer software, optimized control is implemented to combustion gas output quantity, when meeting system control performance requirement, realize combustion gas output quantity minimum, thus the thermal loss taken away when decreasing high-temperature flue gas discharge, simultaneously, the rate of climb in high-temperature flue gas vertical direction can be reduced by the instantaneous output quantity reducing combustion gas, extend the heat exchanger time between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece, make heat exchange more abundant, the energy consumption of gas furnace kiln can be reduced further, compared with hardware energy-saving device, computer software does not need later maintenance, and system upgrade is easy, therefore, development of new Energy Saving Control software has more practice significance.
Traditional burner bore temperature controls schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, implement accurately to control to each point temperature by control algolithm, but this algorithm does not consider heat exchanger time in burner hearth between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece and heat exchange degree, the too short meeting of heat exchanger time causes heat exchange insufficient, major part heat has little time to carry out heat exchange with workpiece and just runs off from flue, serious heat loss, is unfavorable for the thermal efficiency improving gas furnace kiln.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to after being used singly or in combination above-mentioned power-saving technology, by improving the temperature control algorithm of gas furnace kiln, the energy consumption of further reduction gas furnace kiln, and a kind of gas furnace kiln furnace temperature computation machine Intelligent Fuzzy Control power-economizing method is provided.The present invention passes through the accurate control of Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm realization to fire box temperature, the optimized control of combustion gas output quantity i.e. minimum output is achieved by Energy Saving Control strategy, and extend the heat exchanger time between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece by same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent, guarantee that heat is fully absorbed, thus further increase the thermal efficiency of gas furnace kiln.
Technical solution of the present invention:
Gas furnace kiln fire box temperature computer intelligence fuzzy control power-economizing method, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps: be first by after temperature deviation and the gelatinization of temperature deviation changing pattern, the fuzzy value of controlled quentity controlled variable is drawn by Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm, obtain theoretically controlling output valve to the fuzzy value ambiguity solution of controlled quentity controlled variable i.e. sharpening process, then control output valve by Energy Saving Control strategy to theory to adjust, obtain actual control output valve, intersect output intent finally by same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula to export working control output valve and to act on controlled device, the big fire gas valve of controlled device corresponding to each temperature controlling point of gas furnace kiln and little fiery gas valve.
Described Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm comprises fuzzy algorithmic approach based on rules auto tuning and Intelligent Integration two parts, and its expression formula is: U=α E-(1-α) EC+K
i∑ E, wherein, E is deviation, and EC is change of error, and U is the fuzzy value of controlled quentity controlled variable, E, EC, U ∈ [-6,6], and α is from optimizing weights, and its value rule is as follows: establish basic weights α
1=(| E|+6)/12, revise weights α
2=((| E|+6)/12+|E|/(| E|+|EC|))/2, when | during E|+|EC|=0: α=0.5; When | during E|+|EC| ≠ 0: if | EC|>|E| and | EC-E| increase or constant, so α=Min (α
1, α
2), else if | EC|<|E| and | EC-E| increase or constant, so α=Max (α
1, α
2), otherwise α=(α
1+ α
2)/2, wherein Min, Max are respectively and get minimum of a value and get max function, | E|, | EC| is respectively the absolute value of E and EC, and α value is different, then can obtain different control laws, to realize the self-adjusting to control law, K
ifor Intelligent Integration coefficient, integral condition is: when | stop integration during E| > 2; When | E|≤2 and | E| increase or constant time integration, otherwise stop integration, this Intelligent Integration mode can shorten the stabilization time of system further, by above-mentioned Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm, system is possessed good static and dynamic performance.
Described Energy Saving Control strategy is the maximum that the theoretical output valve drawn by Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm exports as reality, and theoretical output valve is divided into fixing output and adjustable output two parts, fixing output is the stability that temperature-raising characteristic in order to ensure system and system temperature control, adjustable output is in order to economize energy, changed by in-furnace temperature or heat exchange degree that temperature deviation change judges between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece, heat exchange degree comprises the insufficient i.e. flue-gas temperature > workpiece temperature of heat exchange, heat exchange is flue-gas temperature=workpiece temperature and workpiece heat release and flue-gas temperature < workpiece temperature three kinds of states fully namely, adjusted in real time by the adjustable output of the heat exchange degree between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece to theoretical output valve, regulation rule is: temperature raises, heat exchange is insufficient, reduce to export, adjustable output valve is 0, temperature-resistant, heat exchange is abundant, prevents temperature from reducing, and increase and export, adjustable output valve is 1/2 of original adjustable output valve, temperature reduces, and workpiece is by release heat, and increase and export, adjustable output valve is constant.
It is carry out according to the following steps that described same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersects output intent: 1. to burner numbering, from stokehold, and the burner numbering of stove both sides is respectively odd-numbered and increases progressively successively and increase progressively successively with even-numbered; 2. the output order of burner is sorted, from stokehold, the increments sequence successively of stove homonymy burner, and the adjacent numbering burner of stove heteropleural sequentially sorts successively; 3. the theory calculating the burner of any time in same control cycle T exports number n
t,
n is that control is counted, and N is even number, and n is natural number, u
nfor the working control output valve at each control point, u
n∈ [0,1]; 4. number n is exported by theoretical
tresolve the actual output number of day part burner in same control cycle T, day part in cycle T, burner is exported number and do following distribution: t
0the actual output number of moment burner is x, t
tthe actual output number of moment burner is y, and residue burner number (N-x-y) is uniformly distributed in cycle T, t
0, t
tbe respectively initial time and the finish time in cycle, then x, y value is as follows: work as n
tduring>=N/2, x=y=N/2, N-x-y=0; Work as n
tduring <N/2: if n
tfor integer, so x=y=n
t, N-x-y=N-2n
t; If n
tfor decimal, then by n
tbe divided into integer a and decimal b two parts: as 0<b<0.25, x=y=a, N-x-y=N-2a; When 0.25≤b≤0.75, x=a, y=a+1, N-x-y=N-2a-1; As 0.75<b<1, x=y=a+1, N-x-y=N-2a-2; 5. according to the value of x, y, calculate the output Start Time value of each burner in cycle T and export with PWM mode, output sequence number is that to export Start Time value be t to the burner of 1 ~ x
0; Output sequence number is the burner output Start Time value of (x+1) ~ (N-y) is (x '-x) × (1-u
n) × T ÷ (N-x-y+1), x ' are burner output sequence number, x ' ∈ [x+1, N-y], u
nthe working control output valve of output sequence number corresponding to the burner of x '; Output sequence number is the burner output Start Time value of (N-y+1) ~ N is (1-u
n) T, u
nthe working control output valve of output sequence number corresponding to the burner of (N-y+1) ~ N.
The inventive method by control in theory to increase after output valve Energy Saving Control strategy link ensure working control output valve optimum i.e. combustion gas output quantity minimum, traditional PWM output intent is designed to same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent, the heat exchanger time between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece can be extended, guarantee that heat is fully absorbed, comprise PWM output intent with in cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent.
The technology of the present invention effect:
1. Energy Saving Control game theory technique effect
In detailed description of the invention " 2.4 Energy Saving Control strategy example " table 3, as regulation output value u
nc(kT), when getting 1,0.7,0.4 respectively, compared with directly controlling the way of output with employing, after increasing Energy Saving Control strategy link, three groups of big fire output valves can reduce 0% ~ 68.6%, 0% ~ 34.3%, 0% respectively.Above result shows, regulation output value u
nc(kT) larger, energy-conservation more, that is: the theory control output valve of combustion gas is larger, and the heat produced after burning is more, because Energy Saving Control strategy can make the heat exchange in burner hearth between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece more abundant, therefore energy-conservation more, meanwhile, because combustion gas output quantity reduces, smoke discharge amount reduces, therefore the thermal loss that flue gas is taken away reduces, and improves the thermal efficiency of stove.
2. with cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent theory and technology effect
In detailed description of the invention " 3.5 with cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent example " table 7, burner instantaneous output number maximum fluctuation amount and the control output time of two kinds of way of outputs are respectively: (0.6, 15s), (5.5, 10.5s), the above results shows, any time in same control cycle T, this output intent is when retentive control output valve size is constant, burner instantaneous output number is minimum, the instantaneous output quantity of combustion gas is minimum, therefore the instantaneous pressure difference Δ p between burner hearth bottom and roof of the furnace is minimum, the high-temperature flue gas rate of climb is the slowest, extend the heat exchanger time t between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece, Btu utilization is more abundant, meanwhile, identical heat, output time is longer, and heat exchanger time is also longer, extends the heat exchanger time t between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece further, is conducive to the thermal efficiency improving stove.
3. the actual energy-saving effect of the present invention
Heat treatment test technology is: be warming up to 350 DEG C of insulations without slope, temperature retention time is 2h, is warming up to 650 DEG C, and the heating-up time is 5h, 650 DEG C of insulations, and temperature retention time is 8h, and technique allows insulation error to be ± 10 DEG C.By contrast experiment, energy resource consumption is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1
In a word, the present invention achieves the optimized control to combustion gas output quantity by Energy Saving Control strategy, namely minimum output, the heat exchanger time between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece is extended by same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent, guarantee that heat is fully absorbed, be reduce further the unit consumption of gas furnace kiln by above-mentioned power-economizing method, improve the thermal efficiency of gas furnace kiln.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that traditional burner bore temperature controls schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is gas furnace kiln fire box temperature computer intelligence fuzzy control power-economizing method principle schematic provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm routine flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is Energy Saving Control strategy execution schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is big fire of the present invention, little fire control system exports schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is Energy Saving Control strategy program flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is pressure in the burner hearth of the present invention difference and burner instantaneous output number relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is that burner output of the present invention order arranges schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is that the instantaneous optimum of burner of the present invention exports number distribution schematic diagram.
Figure 11 burner output timing diagram that same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent draws for the present invention adopts.
Figure 12 for the present invention adopts same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersect that output intent draws in same control cycle any time burner output number figure.
The burner output timing diagram that Figure 13 directly adopts the PWM way of output to draw for the present invention.
Figure 14 for the present invention directly adopt the PWM way of output to draw in same control cycle any time burner output number figure.
Figure 15 is that the present invention is with cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent program flow diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Traditional burner bore temperature controls schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, implement accurately to control to each point temperature by control algolithm, but this algorithm does not consider heat exchanger time in burner hearth between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece and heat exchange degree, the too short meeting of heat exchanger time causes heat exchange insufficient, major part heat has little time to carry out heat exchange with workpiece and just runs off from flue, serious heat loss, is unfavorable for the thermal efficiency improving gas furnace kiln.
Gas furnace kiln fire box temperature computer intelligence fuzzy control power-economizing method provided by the invention is primarily of Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm, Energy Saving Control strategy and the three part compositions such as output intent that intersect with cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula, as shown in Figure 2, by the theoretical output valve u of Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm accounting temperature control
nc, by temperature controlled theoretical output valve u
ncas input quantity, draw optimum control output valve u by Energy Saving Control strategy
n, by optimum control output valve u
nexported by same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent.Above method had both met the accuracy that fire box temperature controls, in temperature controlled processes, furthermore achieved that again energy-conservation object.
1. Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm is implemented
Temperature controls to have employed a kind of Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm, this algorithm comprises FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL based on rules auto tuning and Intelligent Integration two parts, shown in 1., wherein, E, EC, U are respectively the fuzzy value of deviation, change of error and controlled quentity controlled variable, α is from optimizing modifying factor, α ∈ (0,1), α value is different, then can obtain different control laws, to realize the self-adjusting to control law, the method overcome rule of thumb to select the difficulty of control law.Control system is under different states, require different to deviation with the weight of change of error, the size of α reflects the weight coefficient of deviation and change of error, reflect the thinking characteristic of people in control procedure: when deviation is larger, system is to eliminate deviation, now, deviation should have larger weight; When deviation is less, system, to reduce overshoot, makes system stablize as early as possible, now, should strengthen the weight of change of error.K
ifor Intelligent Integration coefficient, integral condition is: when | stop integration during E| > 2; When | E|≤2 and | E| increase or constant time integration, otherwise stop integration.This Intelligent Integration mode can shorten the stabilization time of system further.By above-mentioned Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm, system is possessed good static and dynamic performance, this Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm principle schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3.
U＝αE-(1-α)EC+K
i∑E①
Temperature controlled theoretical output valve u can be drawn to fuzzy control output valve U ambiguity solution
nc.
1.1 Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithms
If sv represents set temperature value, pv represents measuring tempeature value, and e represents temperature deviation, and ec represents that temperature deviation changes, K
efor temperature deviation obfuscation coefficient, K
ecfor temperature deviation changing pattern gelatinization coefficient, E represents deviation fuzzy value, E ∈ [-6,6], and EC represents change of error fuzzy value, and EC ∈ [-6,6], α are the best initial weights of deviation fuzzy value, α
1for basic weights, α
2for revising weights, α, α
1, α
2∈ [0,1], K
ifor Intelligent Integration coefficient, T is the sampling period, e (nT), e (nT-T) are respectively the sampled value in a deviation e n-th and n-1 sampling period, E (nT), E (nT-T) are respectively the sampled value in a fuzzy deviation E n-th and n-1 sampling period, EC (nT), EC (nT-T) are respectively the sampled value in a deviation EC n-th and n-1 sampling period, LC is measured temperature range, U
underfor fuzzy control exports lower bound, U
under∈ [-6,6], U represents fuzzy control output valve, U ∈ [-6,6], u
ncfor the optimum control output valve after ambiguity solution normalization, u
nc∈ [0,1], temperature intelligent FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL is as shown in table 2 below.
Table 2
The control algolithm of table 2 is drafted for program flow diagram is Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm routine flow chart, as shown in Figure 4.In flow chart, best initial weights α is realized by " best initial weights α value rule " in table 2, and in flow chart, fuzzy control exports lower bound U
underrepresented by " the fuzzy control output lower bound " conditional expression in table 2.
2. Energy Saving Control strategy is implemented
Energy Saving Control strategy is the thermal inertia i.e. the hysteresis quality feature that utilize temperature, judge that whether heat exchange is abundant by the situation of change of temperature, thus realize the optimized control of combustion gas output quantity, because combustion gas output quantity is optimum, the exhaust gas volumn that combustion gas produces after burning is also by minimum, and the thermal loss therefore caused during fume emission is minimum.Thermal inertia refers to that, in a period of time after stopping burner exporting, furnace temperature still keeps the state risen, and its reason is that the heat produced after fuel gas buring is not fully absorbed, and heat exchange proceeds, and temperature is in rising trend.Because thermal inertia is the insufficient embodiment of heat exchange, theoretical controlled quentity controlled variable is kept to export if continue, the insufficient state of heat exchange certainly will be all in whole control procedure, unnecessary heat runs off from flue along with flue gas, therefore, whether fully using the situation of change of temperature as heat exchange theoretical judgment foundation, can realize the optimized control of combustion gas output quantity, Energy Saving Control strategy is summarized as follows:
1. temperature raises, and heat exchange is insufficient, reduces to export;
2. temperature-resistant, heat exchange is abundant, prevents temperature from reducing, and increases and exports;
3. temperature reduces, and workpiece, by release heat, exports maximum u
ncnamely theoretical output valve.
2.1 accounting temperature deviations, change with temperature deviation change list temp. displaying function
If the point for measuring temperature number of stove is n, measured temperature is respectively: t
1, t
2t
n-1, t
n, technique initialization temperature is sv, and the mean value of each point temperature is
the deviation e of design temperature and measuring tempeature
nrepresent, the deviation e ' of temperature averages and measuring tempeature
nrepresent.
Each point temperature averages
for:
Design temperature sv and measuring tempeature t
ndifference e
nfor: e
n=sv-t
n
Temperature averages
with measuring tempeature t
ndifference e '
nfor:
2.2 formulate Energy Saving Control strategy by temperature deviation situation of change
If the sampling period is T, k, m belongs to natural number, kT, kT-T, kT-mT represent kth, k-1 and k-m sampling period respectively, e
n(kT), e '
n(kT) e is respectively
n, e '
nsampled value, u '
n(kT), u "
n(kT) e is respectively
n(kT), e '
n(kT) the optimum control output valve after change, u
ncfor theory controls output valve, u
nfor optimum control output valve, u
nc(kT), u
n(kT) u is respectively
nc, u
nsampled value, u
nc∈ [0,1], u
n∈ [0,1].In order to improve the stability of optimum control output valve, with variable b, theory is controlled output valve u
ncbe divided into fixing output and adjustable output two parts, b is Energy Saving Control strategy execution threshold value, and b ∈ (0,1), as Fig. 5.
A () works as u
nc(kT)≤b time, u
n(kT)=u
nc(kT);
B () works as u
nc(kT), during >b, control strategy is as follows:
Energy Saving Control strategy between setting value and measured value:
Work as e
n(kT) >e
n(kT-T) time: u '
n(kT)=u
nc(kT)
Work as e
n(kT)=e
n(kT-T) time: u '
n(kT)=(u
nc(kT)+b)/2
Work as e
n(kT) <e
n(kT-T) time: u '
n(kT)=b
Measure the Energy Saving Control strategy between mean value and measured value:
As e '
n(kT) >e '
n(kT-T) time: u "
n(kT)=u
nc(kT)
As e '
n(kT)=e '
n(kT-T) time: u "
n(kT)=(u
nc(kT)+b)/2
As e '
n(kT) <e '
n(kT-T) time: u "
n(kT)=b
Master control strategy:
In order to reduce the fluctuation of output valve, can using the output valve of the mean value of the output valve of the output valve of kth control cycle and front m control cycle as this control cycle, that is:
Due to u
n(kT) be u
nthe sampled value in kth sampling period, therefore, u
n(kT) the optimum control output valve u in kth sampling period is represented
n.
2.3 big fire, little fire control output valve computational methods
As u in Fig. 6
nrepresent and control output variable, u
n∈ [0,1], variable a are big fire, little fire exports separation, a ∈ (0,1), variable b are Energy Saving Control strategy execution trigger point, b ∈ (0,1) and b>=a, variable c are that little fire exports minimum of a value, c ∈ (0,1), variable d is that big fire exports minimum of a value, d ∈ (0,1), u
n(kT) be u
ncentrifugal pump, u
ns(kT) the control output valve of kth cycle little fire is represented, u
nb(kT) the control output valve of kth cycle big fire is represented.
Work as u
n(kT) ∈ [0, time a), big fire, little fire control system export be respectively:
u
nb(kT)＝0②
Work as u
n(kT), time ∈ [a, 1], big fire, little fire control system export and are respectively:
u
ns(kT)＝1③
1. formula is that little fire exports expression formula, according to linear relationship by u
n(kT) from [0, a) be converted to [c, 1), formula be 4. big fire export expression formula, according to linear relationship by u
n(kT) be converted to [d, 1], by u from [a, 1]
n(kT) value brings the working control output valve u that 1., 4. formula can obtain big fire, little fire respectively into
nb(kT), u
ns(kT).
2.4 Energy Saving Control strategy example
If big fire, little fire export separation a=0.3, Energy Saving Control strategy execution trigger point b=0.4, little fire exports minimum of a value c=0.4, and big fire exports minimum of a value d=0.2, as regulation output value u
nc(kT), when getting 1,0.7,0.4 respectively, adopt the output valve directly controlling the way of output and the Energy Saving Control strategy way of output as table 3:
Table 3
When adopting the direct way of output to export, u
n(kT)=u
nc(kT), u
n(kT) output valve is respectively 1,0.7,0.4, due to u
n(kT) >0.3, three groups little fiery output valve u
ns(kT) 1 is, three groups of big fire output valve u
nb(kT is respectively 1,0.675,0.314.
When adopting the Energy Saving Control strategy way of output to export, work as u
nc(kT)=1, u
n(kT) maximum output valve is 1, and minimum output valve is 0.4, due to u
n(kT) >0.3, little fiery output valve u
ns(kT) be 1, the maximum output valve u of big fire
nb(kT) be 1, minimum output valve is 0.314; Work as u
nc(kT)=0.7, u
n(kT) maximum output valve is 0.7, and minimum output valve is 0.4, due to u
n(kT) >0.3, little fiery output valve u
ns(kT) be 1, the maximum output valve u of big fire
nb(kT) be 0.657, minimum output valve is 0.314; Work as u
nc(kT)=0.4, u
n(kT) maximum, minimum output valve is 0.4, due to u
n(kT) >0.3, little fiery output valve u
ns(kT) be 1, maximum, the minimum output valve u of big fire
nb(kT) 0.314 is.
2.5 Energy Saving Control strategy program flow charts
As shown in Figure 7.In figure,
for the mean value of each point temperature, e
nrepresent the deviation of design temperature and measuring tempeature, e '
nfor the deviation of temperature averages and measuring tempeature, b is Energy Saving Control strategy execution threshold value, b ∈ (0,1), and the sampling period is T, k, m belongs to natural number, and kT, kT-T, kT-mT represent kth, k-1 and k-m sampling period respectively, e
n(kT), e '
n(kT) e is respectively
n, e '
nsampled value, u '
n(kT), u "
n(kT) e is respectively
n(kT), e '
n(kT) the optimum control output valve after change, u
ncfor theory controls output valve, u
nfor optimum control output valve, u
nc(kT), u
n(kT) u is respectively
nc, u
nsampled value, u
nc∈ [0,1], u
n∈ [0,1].
3. implement with cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent
As shown in Figure 8, high-speed pulse burner spouting velocity is fast, if export multiple burner simultaneously, will produce a large amount of high-temperature flue gas, now stove inner bottom part pressure p within very short time
1with top pressure p
2between will form larger pressure differential deltap p, flue gas rises to furnace roof rapidly from furnace bottom, and amount of heat has little time to carry out heat exchange with workpiece and is just pumped from flue, and therefore thermal loss is comparatively serious.
With the cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersect output intent be do not changing real output value u
nunder the prerequisite of size, by adjusting the output timing of burner, guarantee any time in same control cycle T, the burner number being in output state is minimum, and the instantaneous output quantity of combustion gas is minimum, and the instantaneous pressure difference Δ p therefore between furnace bottom and furnace roof is minimum, the rate of climb in flue gas vertical direction can be reduced to greatest extent, extend the heat-exchange time t between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece, ensure that heat is fully utilized, improve the thermal efficiency of gas furnace kiln.
The output order of 3.1 pairs of all burners arranges that (for 10 burners, other burner number aligning method is identical.) as Fig. 9:
A (), in order to ensure that in stove homonymy gas pipeline and air duct, pressure is relatively stable, stove homonymy burner interval exports;
B (), in order to make burner hearth both sides variations in temperature even, the burner intersection of the adjacent numbering in stove both sides exports.
The theoretical value n of any time burner output number in the same control cycle T of 3.2 calculating
t
Suppose that stove both sides burner number is total up to n (n is even number), each burner output valve is respectively u
1, u
2, u
3..., u
(n-2), u
(n-1), u
n(0≤u
n≤ 1), in this control cycle, all burner output valve sum u are: u=u
1+ u
2+ u
3+ ... + u
(n-2)+ u
(n-1)+ u
n.
Regard whole control cycle as 1, so in this control cycle, the theoretical number of any time output burner is n
t=u.(note: burner exports theoretical number n
tcan be decimal, actual optimum exports number and is necessary for integer.)
3.3 by theoretical value n
tresolve day part burner in this cycle and export the optimum value of number
Suppose that burner control cycle is T, t
0, t
tbe respectively initial time and the finish time in this cycle, day part in cycle T, burner exported number and do following distribution: t
0it is x, t that moment burner exports number
tit is y that moment terminates burner output number, and burner residue number is (n-x-y), and it is uniformly distributed in cycle T, as shown in Figure 10.
Because (n-x-y) burner is evenly distributed in whole cycle T, if the value equal and opposite in direction or close of x, y, so at [t
0, t
t] interval in any time burner export number and will keep relative stability, x, y value is as follows:
A () works as n
tduring>=n/2, x=y=n/2, n-x-y=0;
B () works as n
tduring <n/2:
If n
tfor integer, so x=y=n
t, n-x-y=n-2n
t;
If n
tfor decimal, by n
tbe divided into integer a and decimal b two parts (that is: n
t=a+b), now the actual value of x, y has three kinds of situations: (x=a, y=a), (x=a, or (x=a+1 y=a+1), y=a+1), above three groups of x, y values are averaged respectively (x+y)/2 actual mean value be followed successively by: a, (a+0.5), (a+1), three groups of actual mean value are followed successively by with the absolute value of the difference of theoretical mean respectively:
|n
t-a|＝|b|；
|n
t-(a+0.5)|＝|b-0.5|；
|n
t-(a+1)|＝|b-1|；
As 0<b<0.25, three groups of difference spans are followed successively by: 0<|b|<0.25,0.25<|b-0.5|<0.5,0.75<|b-1|<1, clearly first group of actual mean value and theoretical mean closest, that is: x=a, y=a are optimum value;
When 0.25≤b≤0.75, three groups of difference spans are followed successively by: 0.25≤| b|≤0.75,0≤| b-0.5|≤0.25,0.25≤| b-1|≤0.75, clearly second group of actual mean value and theoretical mean closest, that is: x=a, y=a+1 are optimum value;
As 0.75<b<1, three groups of difference spans are followed successively by: 0.75<|b|<1,0.25<|b-0.5|<0.5,0<|b-1|<0.25, clearly the 3rd group of actual mean value and theoretical mean closest, that is: x=a+1, y=a+1 are optimum value.
The optimum value exporting number with day part burner in the cycle is summarized as follows:
A () works as n
tduring>=n/2, x=y=n/2, n-x-y=0;
B () works as n
tduring <n/2:
If n
tfor integer, so x=y=n
t, n-x-y=n-2n
t;
If n
tfor decimal, by n
tbe divided into integer a and decimal b two parts (that is: n
t=a+b), then:
As 0<b<0.25, x, y value is x=y=a, n-x-y=n-2a;
When 0.25≤b≤0.75, x, y value is x=a, y=a+1, n-x-y=n-2a-1;
As 0.75<b<1, x, y value is x=y=a+1, n-x-y=n-2a-2.
3.4 calculate the output Start Time value of each burner in same control cycle respectively and export with PWM mode
If burner adds up to n, control cycle is T, and period start time is t
0, the end cycle moment is t
t, by calculating, t
0, t
tthe optimal value that moment burner exports number is respectively x, y, then in this cycle, each burner output Start Time value is:
Output sequence number is the burner output Start Time value of 1 ~ x: t
0;
Output sequence number is the burner output Start Time value of (x+1) ~ (n-y) is (x '-x) × (1-u
n) × T ÷ (n-x-y+1), x ' are burner output sequence number, x ' ∈ [x+1, n-y], u
nthe working control output valve of output sequence number corresponding to the burner of x ';
Output sequence number is the burner output Start Time value of (n-y+1) ~ n is (1-u
n) T, u
nthe working control output valve of output sequence number corresponding to the burner of (n-y+1) ~ n.
3.5 with cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent example
If control cycle T=15s, stove both sides burner number n is total up to 10, t
0, t
tthe optimum of moment burner exports number and is respectively x, y, and each burner output valve is respectively: u
1=0.40, u
2=0.50, u
3=0.20, u
4=0.70, u
5=0.60, u
6=0.30, u
7=0.35, u
8=0.45, u
9=0.35, u
10=0.55.
1. as Fig. 9, arrange 1 ~ No. 10 burner output order, burner numbering and output order are as table 4:
Table 4
| Burner is numbered | 1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | 5# | 6# | 7# | 8# | 9# | 10# |
| Output order | 1 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 6 |
2. the theoretical value n of any time burner output number in this cycle is calculated
t:
n
t＝u＝u
1+u
2+u
3+u
4+u
5+u
6+u
7+u
8+u
9+u
10＝4.4
3. by theoretical value n
tparse t
0moment burner exports number and t
toptimum value x, y that moment terminates burner output number are respectively: x=4, y=5.
4. Start Time value in this control cycle of 1 ~ No. 10 burner and time span is calculated:
Due to x=4, so 1#, 2#, 5#, 6# burner output initial time is: t
0=0 (s)
Due to n-x-y=1, so 9# burner output initial time is: (1-u
9) ÷ 2 × T=4.875 (s)
Due to y=5, so 3#, 4#, 7#, 8#, 10# burner output initial time is respectively:
3# burner: (1-u
3) T=(1-0.20) × 15=12 (s)
4# burner: (1-u
4) T=(1-0.70) × 15=4.5 (s)
7# burner: (1-u
7) T=(1-0.35) × 15=9.75 (s)
8# burner: (1-u
8) T=(1-0.45) × 15=8.25 (s)
10# burner: (1-u
10) T=(1-0.55) × 15=6.75 (s)
Result of calculation is as table 5:
Table 5
| Burner is numbered | 1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | 5# | 6# | 7# | 8# | 9# | 10# |
| Initial time (s) | 0 | 0 | 12 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 9.75 | 8.25 | 4.875 | 6.75 |
| Time span (s) | 6 | 7.5 | 3 | 10.5 | 9 | 4.5 | 5.25 | 6.75 | 5.25 | 8.25 |
To draw in the output timing diagram of burner and this control cycle any time burner according to table 3 and export number figure, respectively as shown in Figure 11, Figure 12:
5. do not adopt same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent, each point controlling value directly exported in the mode of PWM, the Start Time value that burner exports and time span are as table 6:
Table 6
| Burner is numbered | 1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | 5# | 6# | 7# | 8# | 9# | 10# |
| Initial time (s) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Time span (s) | 6 | 7.5 | 3 | 10.5 | 9 | 4.5 | 5.25 | 6.75 | 5.25 | 8.25 |
To draw in the output timing diagram of burner and this control cycle any time burner according to table 4 and export number figure, respectively as shown in Figure 13, Figure 14.
6. compare Figure 12, Figure 14, result is as shown in table 7 below:
Table 7
3.6 with cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent program flow diagram, as shown in figure 15.In figure, n
tfor burner exports the theoretical value of number, T is burner control cycle, t
0, t
tbe respectively initial time and the finish time of cycle T, x is t
0moment burner exports number, and y is t
tmoment terminates burner and exports number, and a is n
tinteger part, b is n
tfractional part, x ' is burner output sequence number, u
nthe control output valve of output sequence number corresponding to the burner of x '.
Claims (4)
1. gas furnace kiln fire box temperature computer intelligence fuzzy control power-economizing method, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps: be first by after temperature deviation and the gelatinization of temperature deviation changing pattern, the fuzzy value of controlled quentity controlled variable is drawn by Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm, obtain theoretically controlling output valve to the fuzzy value ambiguity solution of controlled quentity controlled variable i.e. sharpening process, then control output valve by Energy Saving Control strategy to theory to adjust, obtain actual control output valve, intersect output intent finally by same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula to export working control output valve and to act on controlled device, the big fire gas valve of controlled device corresponding to each temperature controlling point of gas furnace kiln and little fiery gas valve.
2. gas furnace kiln fire box temperature computer intelligence fuzzy control power-economizing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm comprises fuzzy algorithmic approach based on rules auto tuning and Intelligent Integration two parts, and its expression formula is: U=α E-(1-α) EC+K
i∑ E, wherein, E is deviation, and EC is change of error, and U is the fuzzy value of controlled quentity controlled variable, E, EC, U ∈ [-6,6], and α is from optimizing weights, and its value rule is as follows: establish basic weights α
1=(| E|+6)/12, revise weights α
2=((| E|+6)/12+|E|/(| E|+|EC|))/2, when | during E|+|EC|=0: α=0.5; When | during E|+|EC| ≠ 0: if | EC|>|E| and | EC-E| increase or constant, so α=Min (α
1, α
2), else if | EC|<|E| and | EC-E| increase or constant, so α=Max (α
1, α
2), otherwise α=(α
1+ α
2)/2, wherein Min, Max are respectively and get minimum of a value and get max function, | E|, | EC| is respectively the absolute value of E and EC, and α value is different, then can obtain different control laws, to realize the self-adjusting to control law, K
ifor Intelligent Integration coefficient, integral condition is: when | stop integration during E| > 2; When | E|≤2 and | E| increase or constant time integration, otherwise stop integration.
3. gas furnace kiln fire box temperature computer intelligence fuzzy control power-economizing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the maximum that the theoretical output valve that Intelligent Fuzzy Control algorithm draws by described Energy Saving Control strategy exports as reality, and theoretical output valve is divided into fixing output and adjustable output two parts, fixing output is the stability that temperature-raising characteristic in order to ensure system and system temperature control, adjustable output is in order to economize energy, changed by in-furnace temperature or heat exchange degree that temperature deviation change judges between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece, heat exchange degree comprises the insufficient i.e. flue-gas temperature > workpiece temperature of heat exchange, heat exchange is flue-gas temperature=workpiece temperature and workpiece heat release and flue-gas temperature < workpiece temperature three kinds of states fully namely, adjusted in real time by the adjustable output of the heat exchange degree between high-temperature flue gas and workpiece to theoretical output valve, regulation rule is: temperature raises, heat exchange is insufficient, reduce to export, adjustable output valve is 0, temperature-resistant, heat exchange is abundant, prevents temperature from reducing, and increase and export, adjustable output valve is 1/2 of original adjustable output valve, temperature reduces, and workpiece is by release heat, and increase and export, adjustable output valve is constant.
4. gas furnace kiln fire box temperature computer intelligence fuzzy control power-economizing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described same cycle multiple-pulse burner uniform intervals formula intersection output intent carries out according to the following steps: 1. number burner, from stokehold, the burner of stove both sides numbering is respectively odd-numbered and increases progressively successively and increase progressively successively with even-numbered; 2. the output order of burner is sorted, from stokehold, the increments sequence successively of stove homonymy burner, and the adjacent numbering burner of stove heteropleural sequentially sorts successively; 3. the theory calculating the burner of any time in same control cycle T exports number n
t,
n is that control is counted, and N is even number, and n is natural number, u
nfor the working control output valve at each control point, u
n∈ [0,1]; 4. number n is exported by theoretical
tresolve the actual output number of day part burner in same control cycle T, day part in cycle T, burner is exported number and do following distribution: t
0the actual output number of moment burner is x, t
tthe actual output number of moment burner is y, and residue burner number (N-x-y) is uniformly distributed in cycle T, t
0, t
tbe respectively initial time and the finish time in cycle, then x, y value is as follows: work as n
tduring>=N/2, x=y=N/2, N-x-y=0; Work as n
tduring <N/2: if n
tfor integer, so x=y=n
t, N-x-y=N-2n
t; If n
tfor decimal, then by n
tbe divided into integer a and decimal b two parts: as 0<b<0.25, x=y=a, N-x-y=N-2a; When 0.25≤b≤0.75, x=a, y=a+1, N-x-y=N-2a-1; As 0.75<b<1, x=y=a+1, N-x-y=N-2a-2; 5. according to the value of x, y, calculate the output Start Time value of each burner in cycle T and export with PWM mode, output sequence number is that to export Start Time value be t to the burner of 1 ~ x
0; Output sequence number is the burner output Start Time value of (x+1) ~ (N-y) is (x '-x) × (1-u
n) × T ÷ (N-x-y+1), x ' are burner output sequence number, x ' ∈ [x+1, N-y], u
nthe working control output valve of output sequence number corresponding to the burner of x '; Output sequence number is the burner output Start Time value of (N-y+1) ~ N is (1-u
n) T, u
nthe working control output valve of output sequence number corresponding to the burner of (N-y+1) ~ N.
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