CN105399148B - Preparation method of large-particle-size and high-density spherical cobalt oxide - Google Patents

Preparation method of large-particle-size and high-density spherical cobalt oxide Download PDF

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CN105399148B
CN105399148B CN201510881580.4A CN201510881580A CN105399148B CN 105399148 B CN105399148 B CN 105399148B CN 201510881580 A CN201510881580 A CN 201510881580A CN 105399148 B CN105399148 B CN 105399148B
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reactor
density
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cobalt
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CN105399148A (en
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徐伟
刘人生
金力
田礼平
熊铜兴
曾凡志
黄亚东
黄超
秦才胜
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QUZHOU HUAYOU COBALT NEW MATERIAL CO Ltd
Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co Ltd
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QUZHOU HUAYOU COBALT NEW MATERIAL CO Ltd
Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of large-particle-size and high-density spherical cobalt oxide. The preparation method aims at achieving the purposes that the median particle size D50 of the cobalt oxide is larger than or equal to 15 microns, particle size distribution is uniform, compacting density (TD) is larger than or equal to 2.2 g/cm<3>, and the large-particle-size and high-density spherical cobalt oxide can meet the development requirement of high-voltage lithium cobaltate. The preparation method of the cobalt oxide includes the cobalt carbonate synthesis stage and the spherical cobalt carbonate thermal decomposition stage. In the cobalt carbonate synthesis stage, a cobalt carbonate precursor prepared through many times of cyclic crystallization is compact and uniform in particle size distribution; due to the segmented thermal decomposition, cobalt carbonate is locally decomposed in the low-temperature pre-decomposing stage, a micro hole channel is formed, release of CO2 gas during subsequent decomposition is facilitated, and particles are prevented from crazing or being broken; in the high-temperature thermal decomposition stage, the particle surface is compact, and therefore the large-particle-size and high-density spherical cobalt oxide is prepared.

Description

A kind of preparation method of big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of Cobalto-cobaltic oxide, aoxidize particularly to a kind of big particle diameter high-density spherical four The preparation method of three cobalts.
Background technology
The requirement of 3c electronic product is light, compact, and corresponding battery needs to have high-energy-density.Headed by cobalt acid lithium The small-scale lithium ion cell selecting positive electrode is widely used at present in 3c electronic product.The pole piece compaction density of spherical lithium cobalt Can reach 4.1g/cm3, not only have higher tap density, and due to its outstanding mobility and processing characteristics, extremely have Beneficial to the coating of electrode slice, become important directions of cobalt acid lithium material improvement.Improve anode material for lithium-ion batteries energy Another means of density are to improve the running voltage of material, and the charge cutoff voltage of current cobalt acid lithium material can reach 4.35v.It is critical only that of cobalt acid lithium preparation prepares satisfactory spheroidization presoma by liquid phase reactor, and big particle diameter is highly dense Degree Cobalto-cobaltic oxide exactly meets the growth requirement of high voltage cobalt acid lithium.
At present, international market proposes following performance requirement: (1) to big particle diameter Cobalto-cobaltic oxide: more than d50 >=15 μm, grain Degree is evenly distributed, i.e. qd=(d90-d10)/(d10+d90)≤0.3;(2): Electronic Speculum shows no little particle, no ftracture and crush;(3): Tap density (td) >=2.2 g/cm3, or even >=2.5 g/cm3., there is following difficulty: crystal first in above-mentioned requirements to be met When grain grows to certain particle diameter, especially reach more than 15 μm, be difficult to be further continued for growing up, the simultaneous speed of growth is slack-off, pole Local concentration easily occurs uneven, degree of supersaturation increases and instantaneous burst nucleation, produce substantial amounts of little particle;Its secondary acquisition is high Density Cobalto-cobaltic oxide, needs finer and close carbonic acid cobalt precursor to be obtained in the Moist chemical synthesis stage, but this kind of big particle diameter cobalt carbonate There is fierce chemical reaction in the thermal decomposition stage, substantial amounts of co can be discharged2Gas, is easily caused product grain cracking or broken Broken.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide Preparation method.Cobalto-cobaltic oxide median particle diameter d50 >=15 μm that the inventive method prepares, even particle size distribution, jolt ramming Density (td) >=2.2 g/cm3, disclosure satisfy that the growth requirement of high voltage cobalt acid lithium.
In order to achieve the above object, a kind of preparation method of big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide of the present invention, including Following steps:
Step one, cobalt carbonate synthesis phase:
1. first one of a certain amount of ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate soln are injected reactor as bottom liquid, flood reaction Stirring paddle in kettle;
2. it is warming up to 40~80 DEG C, under agitation by cobalt salt solution with one of ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate soln simultaneously Add and precipitation occurs in reactor, charging process control reaction solution ph value, in the range of 6.5~8.5, adds up to material Full reactor;Charging finishes, and stops stirring, after solid-liquid layering, supernatant is taken away, vacating space continues charging, makes crystal Continued growth;
3. charging, stratification, the cyclic process 6 ~ 12 times drawing up clear liquid, continuing charging are repeated, now crystal growth is extremely Crystal seed particle diameter reaches 9 ~ 12 μm;
4. reactor material is carried out point kettle for the first time, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out fast-growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 6 ~ 12 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 13 ~ 17 μm;
5. reactor material is carried out second point of kettle, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out repairing growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 6 ~ 12 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 18 ~ 23 μm, feed intake and finish;
Step 2, spherical cobaltous carbonate thermal decomposition stage:
After scrubbed and dry for reacted for step one slurry, by gained spherical cobaltous carbonate on pushed bat kiln or rotary kiln Thermally decompose to yield big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide.
Preferably, described cobalt salt is the mixture of one or more of cobaltous chloride, cobaltous sulfate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt salt is molten The concentration of liquid is 80~160g/l.
Preferably, the concentration of described ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate soln is 180~230g/l.
Preferably, described spherical cobaltous carbonate thermal decomposition divides two sections: first paragraph low temperature predecomposition, temperature is 200~400 DEG C, cobalt carbonate exploded, form micro channel;Second segment high temperature thermal decomposition, temperature is 500~800 DEG C, and particle surface is fine and close Change, form big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide.
Preferably, the median particle diameter d50 of described big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide is 15~21 μm, vibration density Degree td is 2.2~3.0g/cm3.
Preferably, described reactor is furnished with liquid suction pipe, after solid-liquid layering, pump supernatant.
The carbonic acid cobalt precursor that the present invention is obtained by multiple circulation crystallization in cobalt carbonate synthesis phase is finer and close, and granularity is divided Cloth is uniform;Thermally decomposed by stagewise, make cobalt carbonate exploded in the low temperature predecomposition stage, form micro channel, after being easy to Co during continuous decomposition reaction2The release of gas, prevents particle fracture or broken;In the high temperature thermal decomposition stage, particle surface densification, Thus preparing big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the embodiment of the present invention 1 products obtained therefrom.
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the embodiment of the present invention 2 products obtained therefrom.
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the embodiment of the present invention 3 products obtained therefrom.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. using a certain amount of ammonium bicarbonate soln injection reactor as bottom liquid, flood stirring paddle;
2. it is warming up to 50 DEG C, be the bicarbonate of 180g/l by the cobalt chloride solution for 80g/l for the concentration and concentration under agitation Ammonium salt solution is simultaneously introduced generation precipitation in reactor, and charging process control reaction solution ph value is 7.0, until material is filled it up with Reactor;Charging finishes, and stops stirring, after solid-liquid layering, supernatant is taken away, vacating space continues charging, so that crystal is continued Continuous growth;
3. charging, stratification, the cyclic process 9 times drawing up clear liquid, continuing charging are repeated, now crystal growth is to crystal seed Particle diameter reaches 9.4 μm;
4. reactor material is carried out point kettle for the first time, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out fast-growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 7 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 14.5 μm;
5. reactor material is carried out second point of kettle, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out repairing growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 8 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 18.5 μm, Feed intake and finish;
6., after will be scrubbed for reacted slurry and dry, gained spherical cobaltous carbonate be thermally decomposed on pushed bat kiln, first Section low temperature predecomposition temperature is 300 DEG C, and second segment high temperature thermal decomposition is 600 DEG C, obtains big particle diameter high-density spherical four oxidation three Cobalt.
After testing, its median particle diameter d50 is 17.3 μm to gained big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide, tap density td For 2.45g/cm3, surface sweeping Electronic Speculum is shown in accompanying drawing 1, spheroid flawless, no broken, no fine particle.
Embodiment 2
1. using a certain amount of sal volatile injection reactor as bottom liquid, flood stirring paddle;
2. it is warming up to 70 DEG C, be the ammonium carbonate of 210g/l by the cobalt sulfate solution for 125g/l for the concentration and concentration under agitation Solution is simultaneously introduced generation precipitation in reactor, and charging process control reaction solution ph value is 8.2, until material is filled it up with instead Answer kettle;Charging finishes, and stops stirring, after solid-liquid layering, supernatant is taken away, vacating space continues charging, so that crystal is continued Growth;
3. charging, stratification, the cyclic process 12 times drawing up clear liquid, continuing charging are repeated, now crystal growth is to brilliant Plant particle diameter and reach 11.8 μm;
4. reactor material is carried out point kettle for the first time, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out fast-growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 12 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 15.9 μm;
5. reactor material is carried out second point of kettle, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out repairing growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 12 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 22.7 μm, Feed intake and finish;
6., after will be scrubbed for reacted slurry and dry, gained spherical cobaltous carbonate be thermally decomposed on pushed bat kiln, first Section low temperature predecomposition temperature is 400 DEG C, and second segment high temperature thermal decomposition is 800 DEG C, obtains big particle diameter high-density spherical four oxidation three Cobalt.
After testing, its median particle diameter d50 is 20.6 μm to gained big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide, tap density td For 2.63g/cm3, surface sweeping Electronic Speculum is shown in accompanying drawing 2, spheroid flawless, no broken, no fine particle.
Embodiment 3
1. using a certain amount of ammonium bicarbonate soln injection reactor as bottom liquid, flood stirring paddle;
2. it is warming up to 80 DEG C, be the ammonium carbonate of 230g/l by the cobalt nitrate solution for 160g/l for the concentration and concentration under agitation Solution is simultaneously introduced generation precipitation in reactor, and charging process control reaction solution ph value is 6.7, until material is filled it up with instead Answer kettle;Charging finishes, and stops stirring, after solid-liquid layering, supernatant is taken away, vacating space continues charging, so that crystal is continued Growth;
3. charging, stratification, the cyclic process 10 times drawing up clear liquid, continuing charging are repeated, now crystal growth is to brilliant Plant particle diameter and reach 10.3 μm;
4. reactor material is carried out point kettle for the first time, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out fast-growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 10 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 15.4 μm;
5. reactor material is carried out second point of kettle, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out repairing growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 10 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 20.6 μm, Feed intake and finish;
6., after will be scrubbed for reacted slurry and dry, gained spherical cobaltous carbonate be thermally decomposed on pushed bat kiln, first Section low temperature predecomposition temperature is 250 DEG C, and second segment high temperature thermal decomposition is 750 DEG C, obtains big particle diameter high-density spherical four oxidation three Cobalt.
After testing, its median particle diameter d50 is 18.7 μm to gained big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide, tap density td For 2.54g/cm3, surface sweeping Electronic Speculum is shown in accompanying drawing 3, spheroid flawless, no broken, no fine particle.
Embodiment 4
1. using a certain amount of ammonium bicarbonate soln injection reactor as bottom liquid, flood stirring paddle;
2. it is warming up to 40 DEG C, be the bicarbonate of 200g/l by the cobalt chloride solution for 100g/l for the concentration and concentration under agitation Ammonium salt solution is simultaneously introduced generation precipitation in reactor, and charging process control reaction solution ph value is 8.5, until material is filled it up with Reactor;Charging finishes, and stops stirring, after solid-liquid layering, supernatant is taken away, vacating space continues charging, so that crystal is continued Continuous growth;
3. charging, stratification, the cyclic process 6 times drawing up clear liquid, continuing charging are repeated, now crystal growth is to crystal seed Particle diameter reaches 9 μm;
4. reactor material is carried out point kettle for the first time, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out fast-growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 6 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 13 μm;
5. reactor material is carried out second point of kettle, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out repairing growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 6 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 18 μm, throws Material finishes;
6., after will be scrubbed for reacted slurry and dry, gained spherical cobaltous carbonate be thermally decomposed on pushed bat kiln, first Section low temperature predecomposition temperature is 200 DEG C, and second segment high temperature thermal decomposition is 500 DEG C, obtains big particle diameter high-density spherical four oxidation three Cobalt.
After testing, its median particle diameter d50 is 15.0 μm to gained big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide, tap density td For 2.20g/cm3.
Embodiment 5
1. using a certain amount of ammonium bicarbonate soln injection reactor as bottom liquid, flood stirring paddle;
2. it is warming up to 60 DEG C, be the bicarbonate of 190g/l by the cobalt chloride solution for 120g/l for the concentration and concentration under agitation Ammonium salt solution is simultaneously introduced generation precipitation in reactor, and charging process control reaction solution ph value is 6.5, until material is filled it up with Reactor;Charging finishes, and stops stirring, after solid-liquid layering, supernatant is taken away, vacating space continues charging, so that crystal is continued Continuous growth;
3. charging, stratification, the cyclic process 8 times drawing up clear liquid, continuing charging are repeated, now crystal growth is to crystal seed Particle diameter reaches 12 μm;
4. reactor material is carried out point kettle for the first time, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out fast-growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 8 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 17 μm;
5. reactor material is carried out second point of kettle, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half in reactor Continue to feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out repairing growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 9 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 23 μm, throws Material finishes;
6., after will be scrubbed for reacted slurry and dry, gained spherical cobaltous carbonate be thermally decomposed on pushed bat kiln, first Section low temperature predecomposition temperature is 350 DEG C, and second segment high temperature thermal decomposition is 700 DEG C, obtains big particle diameter high-density spherical four oxidation three Cobalt.
After testing, its median particle diameter d50 is 21.0 μm to gained big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide, tap density td For 3.00g/cm3.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of preparation method of big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
Step one, cobalt carbonate synthesis phase:
1. first one of a certain amount of ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate soln are injected reactor as bottom liquid, flood in reactor Stirring paddle;
2. it is warming up to 40~80 DEG C, under agitation cobalt salt solution is simultaneously introduced with one of ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate soln There is precipitation, charging process control reaction solution ph value, in the range of 6.5~8.5, is filled it up with instead up to material in reactor Answer kettle;Charging finishes, and stops stirring, after solid-liquid layering, supernatant is taken away, vacating space continues charging, so that crystal is continued Growth;
3. charging, stratification, the cyclic process 6 ~ 12 times drawing up clear liquid, continuing charging are repeated, now crystal growth is to crystal seed Particle diameter reaches 9 ~ 12 μm;
4. reactor material is carried out point kettle for the first time, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half to continue in reactor Feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out fast-growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 6 ~ 12 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 13 ~ 17 μm;
5. reactor material is carried out second point of kettle, ageing tank will be transferred to by half material, stay half to continue in reactor Feed intake, 2. repeat step, makes crystal carry out repairing growth reaction, circulation feeds intake 6 ~ 12 times, and now crystal particle diameter reaches 18 ~ 23 μm, Feed intake and finish;
Step 2, spherical cobaltous carbonate thermal decomposition stage:
After scrubbed and dry for reacted for step one slurry, by gained spherical cobaltous carbonate, on pushed bat kiln or rotary kiln, heat is divided Solution, described thermal decomposition divides two sections: first paragraph low temperature predecomposition, and temperature is 200~400 DEG C, cobalt carbonate exploded, forms micropore Passage;Second segment high temperature thermal decomposition, temperature is 500~800 DEG C, particle surface densification, forms big particle diameter high-density spherical four Co 3 O.
2. a kind of big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide according to claim 1 preparation method it is characterised in that: Described cobalt salt is the mixture of one or more of cobaltous chloride, cobaltous sulfate, cobalt nitrate, the concentration of cobalt salt solution is 80~ 160g/l.
3. the preparation method of a kind of big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists In: the concentration of described ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate soln is 180~230g/l.
4. the preparation method of a kind of big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists It is 15~21 μm in: the median particle diameter d50 of described big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide, tap density td is 2.2~ 3.0g/cm3.
5. a kind of big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide according to claim 3 preparation method it is characterised in that: The median particle diameter d50 of described big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide is 15~21 μm, and tap density td is 2.2~3.0g/ cm3.
6. a kind of big particle diameter high-density spherical cobaltic-cobaltous oxide according to claim 1 preparation method it is characterised in that: Described reactor is furnished with liquid suction pipe, pumps supernatant after solid-liquid layering.
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