CN105391764B - For monitoring the method and device of devices for learning musical instruments - Google Patents
For monitoring the method and device of devices for learning musical instruments Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
- H04L67/125—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B15/00—Teaching music
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B15/00—Teaching music
- G09B15/02—Boards or like means for providing an indication of notes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B15/00—Teaching music
- G09B15/06—Devices for exercising or strengthening fingers or arms; Devices for holding fingers or arms in a proper position for playing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B15/00—Teaching music
- G09B15/08—Practice keyboards
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Abstract
The disclosure is directed to a kind of for monitoring the method and device of devices for learning musical instruments.Wherein, the described method includes: receiving sensor is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses, according to the corresponding relationship of preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, analyze the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the measurement data received, the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of instrument playing music score of Chinese operas information corresponding with the measurement data received is compared, comparison result is obtained, generates corresponding prompt for the comparison result.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to which internet of things field, more particularly, to monitors the method and device of devices for learning musical instruments.
Background technique
In the related technology, the study of all musical instruments is all incremental process, needs to adhere to practice for a long time.Learner
Lack supervision during long-term practice, it is wrong and be detectable, continuous repetitive error, influence learning effect.
Summary of the invention
To overcome the problems in correlation technique, the disclosure provides a kind of for monitoring the method and dress of devices for learning musical instruments
It sets.
According to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, provide it is a kind of applied to user terminal for monitoring devices for learning musical instruments
Method.The described method includes: receiving sensor is directed to the measurement data that senses of instrument playing, according to preset measurement data with
The corresponding relationship of music score of Chinese operas information analyzes the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the measurement data received, by the melody of the instrument playing
Corresponding music score of Chinese operas information music score of Chinese operas information corresponding with the measurement data received is compared, and comparison result is obtained, for described
Comparison result generates corresponding prompt.
The technical scheme provided by this disclosed embodiment can include the following benefits: since terminal can receive sensing
Device is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses, according to the corresponding relationship of preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, analyzes
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the measurement data received, the survey that will the melody of the instrument playing corresponding music score of Chinese operas information and receive
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of amount data is compared, and obtains comparison result, generates corresponding prompt for the comparison result, because
This, learner can be perceived mistake by the prompt of terminal by the monitoring of terminal during practice, improve study effect
Fruit.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure first aspect, the musical instrument includes: keyboard kind musical instrument；
The sensor includes: pressure sensor；The measurement data received includes: pressing position and corresponding pressure value.It is described
Measurement data includes: the corresponding relationship of different pressing positions Yu different pitches, different pressures value from the corresponding relationship of music score of Chinese operas information
From the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths.The corresponding relationship according to preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, analyzes and connects
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the measurement data received includes: according to preset different pressures value and the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths
And the corresponding relationship of different pressing positions and different pitches, analyze the corresponding playing strength of the measurement data received and
Pitch.
Technical solution provided in this embodiment can include the following benefits: happy by pressure sensor induction keyboard class
The dynamics of the performance of device and the pitch of performance make learner can be by terminal to drilling during exercise keyboard kind musical instrument
The monitoring for playing dynamics and pitch perceives mistake by the prompt of terminal, improves learning effect.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure first aspect, the method also includes: prompt user
Playing strength maximum value and playing strength minimum value are provided, receive the sensor after the prompt, the use sensed
The Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum that family is played, according to Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum that user plays, to pre-
The different pressures value set is calibrated from the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths.
Technical solution provided in this embodiment can include the following benefits: the present embodiment can be directed to individual consumer,
The calibrated ability of realization dynamics rank.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure first aspect, the receiving sensor is drilled for musical instrument
Playing the measurement data sensed includes: the measurement number for determining performance speed that receiving sensor is sensed for instrument playing
According to.The measurement data includes: different performance speed and the different corresponding relationships for playing rhythm from the corresponding relationship of music score of Chinese operas information.
The corresponding relationship according to preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information analyzes the corresponding music score of Chinese operas letter of the measurement data received
Breath include: according to it is preset it is different play speed and the different corresponding relationships for playing rhythm, analyze and play that speed is corresponding to be drilled
Play rhythm.
Technical solution provided in this embodiment can include the following benefits: be directed to musical instrument by terminal receiving sensor
What performance sensed is used to determine the measurement data for playing speed, according to preset different performance speed and different performance rhythm
Corresponding relationship analyzes and plays the corresponding performance rhythm of speed, so that learner can be by end during practicing musical instrument
The monitoring to rhythm is played is held, mistake is perceived by the prompt of terminal, improves learning effect.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure first aspect, the method also includes: it is obtained from song library
The music score of Chinese operas for obtaining melody, analyzes the music score of Chinese operas, obtains the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of melody of the instrument playing.Alternatively, obtaining defeated
The audio entered, analyzes audio, obtains the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of melody of the instrument playing.
Technical solution provided in this embodiment can include the following benefits: since terminal can pass through song library or audio
Input obtains the music score of Chinese operas information of melody, so that terminal can be monitored the practice of a large amount of melodies of user, it is expansible
Property is good.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure first aspect, the method also includes: described in display
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of measurement data that the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of instrument playing and/or display receive, by the ratio
The corresponding position for prompting to be shown in music score of Chinese operas information corresponding to result.
Technical solution provided in this embodiment can include the following benefits: since user can be according to the music score of Chinese operas of display
The prompt of information and corresponding position is intuitive to see the problems in performance, effectively improves learning effect.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure first aspect, the receiving sensor is drilled for musical instrument
Playing the measurement data sensed, to include: receiving sensor repeatedly play the measurement data that identical melody senses for musical instrument,
In, a measurement data corresponding to the primary performance of the melody.The corresponding music score of Chinese operas letter of the melody by the instrument playing
It ceases music score of Chinese operas information corresponding with the measurement data received to be compared, obtaining comparison result includes: by the instrument playing
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of melody music score of Chinese operas information corresponding with the every part of measurement data received is compared, and obtains performance pair every time
The comparison result answered.The method also includes: the generation frequency progress to same problem in corresponding comparison result is repeatedly played
Statistics finds out corresponding connection from preset suggestion library and suggests, to user according to the generation frequency of the same problem counted
The suggestion that feedback search goes out.
Technical solution provided in this embodiment can include the following benefits: due to terminal can for repeatedly practice to
Suggestion out improves learning effect to allow user according to suggesting righting a wrong in time.
According to the second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, provide it is a kind of be configured at user terminal for monitoring devices for learning musical instruments
Device.Described device includes: receiving module, is configured as receiving sensor and is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses.Point
Module is analysed, the corresponding relationship of the measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information according to preset is configured as, the receiving module is analyzed and receives
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the measurement data arrived.Comparison module is configured as the corresponding music score of Chinese operas letter of the melody of the instrument playing
Breath is compared with the music score of Chinese operas information that the analysis module analyzes, and obtains comparison result.Cue module is configured as institute
It states the comparison result that comparison module obtains and generates corresponding prompt.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure second aspect, the musical instrument includes: keyboard kind musical instrument.
The sensor includes: pressure sensor.The measurement data that the receiving module receives includes: pressing position and corresponding
Pressure value.The measurement data includes: the corresponding relationship of different pressing positions Yu different pitches from the corresponding relationship of music score of Chinese operas information,
The corresponding relationship of different pressures value and different playing strengths.The analysis module be configured as according to preset different pressures value with
The corresponding relationship of the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths and different pressing positions and different pitches, analyzes the measurement received
The corresponding playing strength of data and pitch.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure second aspect, described device further include: dynamics prompt
Module is configured as prompt user and provides playing strength maximum value and playing strength minimum value.Reception dynamics module, is configured
To receive the sensor after the prompt, the Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum that the user sensed plays.School
Quasi- dynamics module is configured as the Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum played according to user, to preset different pressures value
It is calibrated from the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure second aspect, the receiving module is configured as receiving
The measurement data for determining performance speed that sensor is sensed for instrument playing.The measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information
Corresponding relationship includes: different performance speed and the different corresponding relationships for playing rhythm.The analysis module is configured as according to pre-
The different corresponding relationships for playing speed and different performance rhythm set, analyze and play the corresponding performance rhythm of speed.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure second aspect, described device further include: the music score of Chinese operas obtains
Module is configured as obtaining the music score of Chinese operas of melody from song library, analyze the music score of Chinese operas, the melody for obtaining the instrument playing is corresponding
Music score of Chinese operas information；Alternatively, obtaining the audio of input, audio is analyzed, the corresponding music score of Chinese operas of melody of the instrument playing is obtained
Information.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure second aspect, described device further include: the music score of Chinese operas is shown
Module is configured as showing the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing and/or the measurement data pair that display receives
The music score of Chinese operas information answered.Display module is prompted, is configured as showing the corresponding prompt of the comparison result into the phase in music score of Chinese operas information
Answer position.
In a kind of possible embodiment of embodiment of the present disclosure second aspect, the receiving module is configured as receiving
Sensor repeatedly plays the measurement data that identical melody senses for musical instrument, wherein corresponds to the primary performance of the melody
A measurement data.The comparison module be configured as by the melody of the instrument playing corresponding music score of Chinese operas information with receive
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of every part of measurement data is compared, and is played corresponding comparison result every time.Described device further include:
Statistical module is configured as counting the generation frequency for repeatedly playing same problem in corresponding comparison result.Search mould
Block is configured as finding out corresponding suggestion from preset suggestion library according to the generation frequency of the same problem counted.It is recommended that
Module is configured as the suggestion found out to user feedback.
According to the third aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, it provides a kind of for monitoring the device of devices for learning musical instruments.Described device packet
It includes: processor；Memory for storage processor executable instruction；Wherein, the processor is configured to: receiving sensor
The measurement data sensed for instrument playing；According to the corresponding relationship of preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, analyzes and connect
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the measurement data received；The measurement that will the melody of the instrument playing corresponding music score of Chinese operas information and receive
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of data is compared, and obtains comparison result；Corresponding prompt is generated for the comparison result.
It should be understood that above general description and following detailed description be only it is exemplary and explanatory, not
The disclosure can be limited.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and forms part of this specification, and shows the implementation for meeting the disclosure
Example, and together with specification for explaining the principles of this disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of implementation environment shown according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment a kind of for monitoring the method flow schematic diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.
Fig. 3 be show according to another exemplary embodiment it is a kind of for monitoring the method flow schematic diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.
Fig. 4 be show according to a further exemplary embodiment it is a kind of for monitoring the method flow schematic diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.
Fig. 5 is a kind of for monitoring the method flow schematic diagram of devices for learning musical instruments shown according to another exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 6 be show according to a further exemplary embodiment it is a kind of for monitoring the method flow schematic diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.
Fig. 7 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment a kind of for monitoring the device block diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.
Fig. 8 be show according to another exemplary embodiment it is a kind of for monitoring the device block diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.
Fig. 9 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment a kind of for monitoring the device block diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.
Specific embodiment
Example embodiments are described in detail here, and the example is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.Following description is related to
When attached drawing, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings indicate the same or similar elements.Following exemplary embodiment
Described in embodiment do not represent all implementations consistent with this disclosure.On the contrary, they be only with it is such as appended
The example of the consistent device and method of some aspects be described in detail in claims, the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of implementation environment shown according to an exemplary embodiment.As shown in Figure 1, the reality
Applying environment may include: musical instrument 110, sensor 120 and user terminal 130.
Musical instrument 110 may include any musical instrument such as piano, violin, dulcimer, frame drum.In Fig. 1, musical instrument 110 is with steel
Illustrate for qin.
Sensor 120 may include the pressure sensor being layed under the keyboard of the musical instrument, be suitble to be worn in user hand
Any sensors such as pressure glove, infrared sensor, velocity sensor, imaging sensor.In Fig. 1, sensor 120 with
Illustrate for the pressure sensor being layed under fingerboard.
User terminal 130 may include wearable device, smart phone, tablet computer, PC machine, laptop etc..
In Fig. 1, user terminal 130 is illustrated by taking smart phone as an example.
Wherein, sensor 120 and user terminal 130 can be connect directly or indirectly through wired or wireless mode with into
Row communication.For example, sensor 120 can send the measurement data sensed and its wired connection to as electronic signals
Measurement data is sent to user terminal 130 wireless network by single-chip microcontroller by single-chip microcontroller in the form of digital signal.The network
Such as it can include but is not limited to: the wireless networks such as WiFi (Wireless Fidelity, Wireless Fidelity), 2G, 3G, 4G.
Fig. 2 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment a kind of for monitoring the method flow schematic diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.This
Embodiment is applied to illustrate for user terminal 130 shown in Fig. 1 in this way.This method may include:
In step 210, receiving sensor is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses.
In a step 220, according to the corresponding relationship of preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, the measurement received is analyzed
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of data.
The music score of Chinese operas information for example may include: pitch, dynamics, rhythm, etc..
In step 230, the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing is corresponding with the measurement data received
Music score of Chinese operas information be compared, obtain comparison result.
It should be noted that technical solution provided by the present disclosure music score of Chinese operas information corresponding for melody can pass through a variety of sides
Formula obtains, and pre-saves in terminal.For example, the music score of Chinese operas of melody can be obtained from song library, the music score of Chinese operas is analyzed, is obtained described
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of instrument playing.Alternatively, for another example the audio that can obtain input (is played for example, teacher attends class
The CD of the audio or piano great master that acquire in real time, etc.), audio is analyzed, the melody for obtaining the instrument playing is corresponding
Music score of Chinese operas information.Since terminal can obtain the music score of Chinese operas information of melody by song library or audio input, so that terminal can be right
The practice of a large amount of melodies of user is monitored, and scalability is good.
In step 240, corresponding prompt is generated for the comparison result.
For example, the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing and/or the measurement number that display receives can be shown
According to corresponding music score of Chinese operas information, by the corresponding prompt display of the comparison result in the corresponding position of music score of Chinese operas information.For example, described mention
Show to may include the various forms of prompts such as text, color, image, audio, video.Suggestion content for example may include it is slow clap,
Wrong sound, dynamics be excessively weak, etc..For example, can dynamics excessively it is weak occur position at show " dynamics is excessively weak " with coloured text
Prompt.So that user can be intuitive to see in performance according to the music score of Chinese operas information of display and the prompt of corresponding position
Problem effectively improves learning effect.
In the present embodiment, it is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses since terminal can receive sensor, according to
The corresponding relationship of preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, analyzes the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the measurement data received, by institute
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody music score of Chinese operas information corresponding with the measurement data received for stating instrument playing is compared, and is compared
Pair as a result, generating corresponding prompt for the comparison result, therefore, learner can be by terminal during practice
Monitoring perceives mistake to the prompt of comparison result by terminal, improves learning effect.
It should be noted that technical solution provided by the present disclosure to the type of the musical instrument and the sensor not into
Row limitation.It can be configured according to actual implementation.For example, the musical instrument can wrap in a kind of possible embodiment
It includes: keyboard kind musical instrument.The sensor may include: pressure sensor.The corresponding relationship of the measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information
It may include: the corresponding relationship of different pressures value from different playing strengths；The corresponding relationship of different pressing positions and different pitches.
In the following, disclosure another exemplary embodiment is described in detail in conjunction with the embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 be show according to another exemplary embodiment it is a kind of for monitoring the method flow of devices for learning musical instruments
Schematic diagram.The present embodiment is applied to illustrate for user terminal 130 shown in Fig. 1 in this way.This method may include:
In the step 310, receiving sensor plays the pressing position sensed and the pressing position for keyboard kind musical instrument
Set corresponding pressure value.
For example, the pressure sensor may include: the pressure sensor being layed under the keyboard of the musical instrument.For example,
The sensor can be the sheet pressure sensor being layed under fingerboard shown in Fig. 1.For example, for piano, it can
Each black and white keyboard in 88 keys to correspond to piano, pressure sensor is paved under keyboard.It is answered in place according to keyboard
This note may thereby determine that the corresponding pitch of pressure value that keyboard lower pressure sensor is sensed.For example, pitch " in
The corresponding pitch of pressure value that the keyboard lower pressure sensor of centre do (also known as center C) " is sensed is that " central do is (in also known as
Entreat C) ".In this embodiment, it is layed in due to pressure sensor under the keyboard of the musical instrument, user is not configured additionally
It is required that not will cause the interference played user.
For another example the sensor may include pressure glove and infrared sensor, the infrared sensor is used
In the pressing position of induction pressure gloves.In this embodiment, due to only needing, user puts on pressure glove and configuration is infrared
Line sensor, that is, implementable disclosed technique scheme not will cause the damage to musical instrument it is not necessary that musical instrument itself is excessively transformed
It is bad.
In step 320, according to preset different pressures value and the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths and different pressings
The corresponding relationship of position and different pitches analyzes the corresponding pitch of the pressing position received, and, the pressing position is corresponding
The corresponding playing strength of pressure value.
In a step 330, by the corresponding pitch of the melody of the instrument playing and playing strength and the measurement received
The corresponding pitch of data and playing strength are compared, and obtain the comparison result of pitch and/or playing strength.
For example, the comparison result may include inconsistent pitch and/or inconsistent playing strength and its in melody
Generation position.
In step 340, corresponding prompt is generated for the comparison result.
In a kind of possible embodiment of the present embodiment, user can also be prompted to provide playing strength maximum value and drill
Dynamics minimum value is played, receives the sensor after the prompt, the Pressure maximum value and pressure that the user sensed plays
Power minimum value, according to Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum that user plays, to preset different pressures value and different performances
The corresponding relationship of dynamics is calibrated.In general, playing strength is divided into ten grades of dynamics of P1-P10 from minimum to maximum.But
It is that the minimax dynamics value of everyone finger tapping keyboard is different, and people is with the variation at age, dynamics value
It is variation, therefore, which can be directed to individual consumer, realize the calibrated ability of dynamics rank.For example, can practice
Before, prompt user to input personal information (age etc.), so that user can provide finger pressure maximum in the way of terminal demonstration
And minimum value.
For example, according to user play Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum, to preset different pressures value from it is different
It may include: between the Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum for playing user that the corresponding relationship of playing strength, which carries out calibration,
Span is divided into ten parts, and ten parts of pressure values are respectively P1-P10 dynamics corresponding pressure values at different levels.
In the present embodiment, by the dynamics of the performance of pressure sensor induction keyboard kind musical instrument and the pitch of performance,
To learner during exercise keyboard kind musical instrument can monitoring by terminal to playing strength and pitch, pass through end
Mistake is perceived in the prompt at end, improves learning effect.
It is understood that pressing position and corresponding pressure value that receiving sensor senses are only that the disclosure provides
Technical solution a kind of possible embodiment.Terminal can receive other measurement data, for example, playing speed for determining
Measurement data, etc..Also, the disclosure is to applicable musical instrument and sensor and is not limited.In the following, another to the present invention
A kind of possible embodiment is described in detail.
Fig. 4 be show according to a further exemplary embodiment it is a kind of for monitoring the method flow schematic diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.
The present embodiment is applied to illustrate for user terminal 130 shown in Fig. 1 in this way.This method may include:
In step 410, the measurement data for determining performance speed that receiving sensor is sensed for instrument playing.
For example, in a kind of possible embodiment, it is described for determining that the measurement data itself for playing speed is to play
Speed.The sensor may include velocity sensor.For example, the musical instrument may include: that keyboard kind musical instrument or string pulling class are happy
Device.The sensor may include: velocity sensor.For example, speed can be arranged on the bow of pressure glove or string pulling kind musical instrument
Sensor is spent, and infrared sensor can also be set.Measurement data received by terminal may include: velocity sensor sense
The pressing position that the movement velocity that should be arrived, pressure sensor or infrared sensor sense, etc..The measurement data and the music score of Chinese operas
The corresponding relationship of information may include: different motion speed and the corresponding relationship for playing rhythm, different pressing positions and not unisonance
High corresponding relationship.
For another example in alternatively possible embodiment, it is described for determining that the measurement data for playing speed can be biography
Sensor senses the induction moment of measurement data to instrument playing.For example, the musical instrument may include: keyboard kind musical instrument.It is described
Sensor may include: pressure sensor.The measurement data that terminal receives may include: pressing position, pressing position correspondence
Pressure value and corresponding pressing occur at the time of.So as to according to different pressing positions it is corresponding pressing occur when
It carves, determines and play speed.
At step 420, according to the preset different corresponding relationships for playing speed and different performance rhythm, performance is analyzed
The corresponding performance rhythm of speed.
In step 430, by the corresponding performance rhythm of the melody of the instrument playing, performance corresponding with speed is played is saved
It plays and is compared, obtain comparison result.
In step 440, corresponding prompt is generated for the comparison result.
In the present embodiment, speed is played for determining for what instrument playing sensed by terminal receiving sensor
It is corresponding to analyze performance speed according to the preset different corresponding relationships for playing speed and different performance rhythm for measurement data
Play rhythm, thus learner during practice musical instrument can by terminal to performance rhythm monitoring, pass through terminal
Mistake is perceived in prompt, improves learning effect.
Fig. 5 is a kind of for monitoring the method flow schematic diagram of devices for learning musical instruments shown according to another exemplary embodiment.
The present embodiment is applied to illustrate for user terminal 130 shown in Fig. 1 in this way.This method may include:
In step 510, receiving sensor repeatedly plays the measurement data that identical melody senses for musical instrument, wherein
A measurement data corresponding to the primary performance of the melody.
In step 520, according to the corresponding relationship of preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, the measurement received is analyzed
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of data.
In step 530, the every part of measurement data that will the melody of the instrument playing corresponding music score of Chinese operas information and receive
Corresponding music score of Chinese operas information is compared, and is played corresponding comparison result every time.
In step 540, corresponding prompt is generated for the comparison result.
In step 550, the generation frequency for repeatedly playing same problem in corresponding comparison result is counted.
In step 551, according to the generation frequency of the same problem counted, found out from preset suggestion library corresponding
It is recommended that.
In step 552, the suggestion found out to user feedback.
In the present embodiment, the data repeatedly repeated in conjunction with user provide and are used to help the suggestion that practice improves, example
Such as, the suggestion may include increase the practice amount of another music score of Chinese operas with improve certain skills, increase at a slow speed practice amount to improve rhythm
Accuracy etc..To which learner can pass through end by terminal to repeated wrong monitoring during practicing musical instrument
The suggestion at end rights a wrong, and improves learning effect.
Fig. 6 be show according to a further exemplary embodiment it is a kind of for monitoring the method flow schematic diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.
The present embodiment is applied to illustrate for user terminal 130 shown in Fig. 1 in this way.This method may include:
In step 610, the pressure sensor that reception is layed under keyboard is repeatedly played mutually happy together for keyboard kind musical instrument
The measurement data that song senses；And it records to the melody of performance.Wherein, to the primary performance of the melody corresponding one
Part measurement data, the measurement data include: that the moment occurs for pressing position, pressing position corresponding pressure value and pressing.
In step 611, it at the time of generation according to the corresponding pressing of different pressing positions, determines and plays speed.
In step 620, according to preset different pressures value and the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths, different pressing positions
From the corresponding relationship of different pitches, the different corresponding relationships for playing speed and different performance rhythm, the pressing received is analyzed
The corresponding pitch in position, the corresponding playing strength of pressing position corresponding pressure value play the corresponding performance rhythm of speed.
In act 630, corresponding measurement data is played each time for the melody, by the instrument playing
The corresponding pitch of melody, playing strength and play corresponding with the targeted measurement data pitch of rhythm, playing strength and
It plays rhythm to be compared, is played corresponding pitch, playing strength, the comparison result for playing rhythm each time.
In step 640, corresponding prompt is generated for the comparison result.
In step 641, according to the play operation of user, the recording to performance is played, or, playing melody described in song library
Audio.For example, the form of slow play can be used, so that user is practiced at a slow speed.
In step 642, the corresponding pitch of the melody of the instrument playing, playing strength are shown, plays rhythm, and,
It shows the corresponding pitch of measurement data received, playing strength, play rhythm, the corresponding prompt of the comparison result is shown
In corresponding position.
In step 650, the generation frequency for repeatedly playing same problem in corresponding comparison result is counted.
In step 651, according to the generation frequency of the same problem counted, found out from preset suggestion library corresponding
It is recommended that.
In step 652, the suggestion that is found out to user feedback.
In the present embodiment, pitch, dynamics, rhythm when terminal can carry out instrument playing practice to user are supervised
It surveys, user can perceive mistake by the music score of Chinese operas information that terminal is shown and the prompt that corresponding position is shown in music score of Chinese operas information
Accidentally, it can also obtain for the suggestion for repeatedly practicing providing, to right a wrong, improve learning effect.
Fig. 7 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment a kind of for monitoring the device block diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.The present embodiment
Illustrate so that the device is configured at user terminal 130 shown in Fig. 1 as an example.Referring to Fig. 7, which includes receiving module 710, analysis mould
Block 720, comparison module 730 and cue module 740.
The receiving module 710 is configured as receiving sensor and is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses.
The analysis module 720 is configured as the corresponding relationship of the measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information according to preset, analyzes
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the measurement data that the receiving module 710 receives.
The comparison module 730 is configured as the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing and the analysis
The music score of Chinese operas information that module 720 analyzes is compared, and obtains comparison result.
The cue module 740 is configured as the comparison result obtained for the comparison module 730 generation and mentions accordingly
Show.
In the present embodiment, the measurement number that instrument playing senses is directed to since receiving module 710 can receive sensor
According to analysis module 720 can analyze the measurement number received according to the corresponding relationship of preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information
According to corresponding music score of Chinese operas information, comparison module 730 can by the melody of the instrument playing corresponding music score of Chinese operas information with receive
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of measurement data is compared, and obtains comparison result, and cue module 740 can be produced for the comparison result
Raw corresponding prompt, therefore, learner can be by the monitoring of terminal, by terminal to comparison result during practice
Mistake is perceived in prompt, improves learning effect.
In a kind of possible embodiment, the musical instrument includes: keyboard kind musical instrument；The sensor includes: pressure sensing
Device.The measurement data that the receiving module receives includes: pressing position and corresponding pressure value.The measurement data and song
The corresponding relationship of spectrum information includes: the corresponding relationship of different pressing positions from different pitches, different pressures value and different performance power
The corresponding relationship of degree.The analysis module 720 is configured as according to preset different pressures value and the correspondence of different playing strengths
The corresponding relationship of relationship and different pressing positions and different pitches, analyzes the corresponding playing strength of the measurement data received
And pitch.
Fig. 8 be show according to another exemplary embodiment it is a kind of for monitoring the device block diagram of devices for learning musical instruments.This implementation
Example illustrates so that the device is configured at user terminal 130 shown in Fig. 1 as an example.Referring to Fig. 8, which can also include: dynamics prompt
Module 750 receives dynamics module 751 and calibration dynamics module 752.
The dynamics cue module 750 is configured as prompt user and provides playing strength maximum value and playing strength most
Small value.
The reception dynamics module 751 is configured as receiving the sensor after the prompt, the user sensed
The Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum of performance.
The calibration dynamics module 752 is configured as the Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum played according to user, right
Preset different pressures value is calibrated from the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths.
In a kind of possible embodiment, the receiving module 710 is configured as receiving sensor for instrument playing sense
The measurement data for determining performance speed that should be arrived.The corresponding relationship of the measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information includes: not play together
Play speed and the different corresponding relationships for playing rhythm.The analysis module 720 is configured as according to preset different performance speed
From the different corresponding relationships for playing rhythm, analyzes and play the corresponding performance rhythm of speed.
In a kind of possible embodiment, as shown in figure 8, described device further include: the music score of Chinese operas obtains module 760, is configured
For the music score of Chinese operas for obtaining melody from song library, the music score of Chinese operas is analyzed, obtains the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of melody of the instrument playing；Or
Person obtains the audio of input, analyzes audio, obtains the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of melody of the instrument playing.
In a kind of possible embodiment, as shown in figure 8, described device further include: music score of Chinese operas display module 770 is configured
To show the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of melody of the instrument playing and/or showing the corresponding music score of Chinese operas letter of the measurement data received
Breath.Display module 771 is prompted, is configured as the corresponding prompt display of the comparison result in the corresponding position of music score of Chinese operas information.
In a kind of possible embodiment, the receiving module 710 is configured as receiving sensor and repeatedly drills for musical instrument
Play the measurement data that identical melody senses, wherein a measurement data corresponding to the primary performance of the melody.The comparison
Module 730 is configured as the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing is corresponding with the every part of measurement data received
Music score of Chinese operas information is compared, and is played corresponding comparison result every time.Described device further include: statistical module 780 is configured
To be counted to the generation frequency for repeatedly playing same problem in corresponding comparison result.Searching module 781, is configured as root
The generation frequency of the same problem gone out according to statistics, finds out corresponding suggestion from preset suggestion library.Suggestion module 782 is matched
It is set to the suggestion found out to user feedback.
About the device in above-described embodiment, wherein modules execute the concrete mode of operation in related this method
Embodiment in be described in detail, no detailed explanation will be given here.
Fig. 9 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment a kind of for monitoring the block diagram of the device 900 of devices for learning musical instruments.Example
Such as, device 900 can be mobile phone, computer, digital broadcasting terminal, messaging device, game console, and plate is set
It is standby, Medical Devices, body-building equipment, personal digital assistant etc..
Referring to Fig. 9, device 900 may include following one or more components: processing component 902, memory 904, electric power
Component 906, multimedia component 908, audio component 910, the interface 912 of input/output (I/O), sensor module 914, and
Communication component 916.
The integrated operation of the usual control device 900 of processing component 902, such as with display, telephone call, data communication, phase
Machine operation and record operate associated operation.Processing component 902 may include that one or more processors 920 refer to execute
It enables, it is above-mentioned for monitoring all or part of the steps of the method for devices for learning musical instruments to complete.In addition, processing component 902 may include
One or more modules, convenient for the interaction between processing component 902 and other assemblies.For example, processing component 902 may include more
Media module, to facilitate the interaction between multimedia component 908 and processing component 902.
Memory 904 is configured as storing various types of data to support the operation in device 900.These data are shown
Example includes the instruction of any application or method for operating on device 900, contact data, and telephone book data disappears
Breath, picture, video etc..Memory 904 can be by any kind of volatibility or non-volatile memory device or their group
It closes and realizes, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) is erasable to compile
Journey read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash
Device, disk or CD.
Electric power assembly 906 provides electric power for the various assemblies of device 900.Electric power assembly 906 may include power management system
System, one or more power supplys and other with for device 900 generate, manage, and distribute the associated component of electric power.
Multimedia component 908 includes the screen of one output interface of offer between described device 900 and user.One
In a little embodiments, screen may include liquid crystal display (LCD) and touch panel (TP).If screen includes touch panel, screen
Curtain may be implemented as touch screen, to receive input signal from the user.Touch panel includes one or more touch sensings
Device is to sense the gesture on touch, slide, and touch panel.The touch sensor can not only sense touch or sliding action
Boundary, but also detect duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation.In some embodiments, more matchmakers
Body component 908 includes a front camera and/or rear camera.When device 900 is in operation mode, such as screening-mode or
When video mode, front camera and/or rear camera can receive external multi-medium data.Each front camera and
Rear camera can be a fixed optical lens system or have focusing and optical zoom capabilities.
Audio component 910 is configured as output and/or input audio signal.For example, audio component 910 includes a Mike
Wind (MIC), when device 900 is in operation mode, when such as call mode, recording mode, and voice recognition mode, microphone is matched
It is set to reception external audio signal.The received audio signal can be further stored in memory 904 or via communication set
Part 916 is sent.In some embodiments, audio component 910 further includes a loudspeaker, is used for output audio signal.
I/O interface 912 provides interface between processing component 902 and peripheral interface module, and above-mentioned peripheral interface module can
To be keyboard, click wheel, button etc..These buttons may include, but are not limited to: home button, volume button, start button and lock
Determine button.
Sensor module 914 includes one or more sensors, and the state for providing various aspects for device 900 is commented
Estimate.For example, sensor module 914 can detecte the state that opens/closes of device 900, and the relative positioning of component, for example, it is described
Component is the display and keypad of device 900, and sensor module 914 can be with 900 1 components of detection device 900 or device
Position change, the existence or non-existence that user contacts with device 900,900 orientation of device or acceleration/deceleration and device 900
Temperature change.Sensor module 914 may include proximity sensor, be configured to detect without any physical contact
Presence of nearby objects.Sensor module 914 can also include optical sensor, such as CMOS or ccd image sensor, at
As being used in application.In some embodiments, which can also include acceleration transducer, gyro sensors
Device, Magnetic Sensor, pressure sensor or temperature sensor.
Communication component 916 is configured to facilitate the communication of wired or wireless way between device 900 and other equipment.Device
900 can access the wireless network based on communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G or 3G or their combination.In an exemplary implementation
In example, communication component 916 receives broadcast singal or broadcast related information from external broadcasting management system via broadcast channel.
In one exemplary embodiment, the communication component 916 further includes near-field communication (NFC) module, to promote short range communication.Example
Such as, NFC module can be based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, Infrared Data Association (IrDA) technology, ultra wide band (UWB) technology,
Bluetooth (BT) technology and other technologies are realized.
In the exemplary embodiment, device 900 can be believed by one or more application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), number
Number processor (DSP), digital signal processing appts (DSPD), programmable logic device (PLD), field programmable gate array
(FPGA), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or other electronic components are realized, above-mentioned for monitoring instrument science for executing
The method of habit.
In the exemplary embodiment, a kind of non-transitorycomputer readable storage medium including instruction, example are additionally provided
It such as include the memory 904 of instruction, above-metioned instruction can be executed above-mentioned for monitoring pleasure to complete by the processor 920 of device 900
The method of device study.For example, the non-transitorycomputer readable storage medium can be ROM, random access memory
(RAM), CD-ROM, tape, floppy disk and optical data storage devices etc..
Those skilled in the art will readily occur to other embodiment party of the disclosure after considering specification and practicing the disclosure
Case.This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure, these modifications, purposes or adaptability
Variation follows the general principles of this disclosure and including the undocumented common knowledge or usual skill in the art of the disclosure
Art means.The description and examples are only to be considered as illustrative, and the true scope and spirit of the disclosure are by following claim
It points out.
It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and
And various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof.The scope of the present disclosure is only limited by the accompanying claims.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of method for monitoring devices for learning musical instruments, which is characterized in that be applied to user terminal, which comprises
Receiving sensor is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses, the measurement data includes playing speed for determining
Measurement data；
According to the corresponding relationship of preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, the corresponding music score of Chinese operas letter of the measurement data received is analyzed
Breath；The measurement data includes: different performance speed and the different corresponding relationships for playing rhythm from the corresponding relationship of music score of Chinese operas information；
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of instrument playing music score of Chinese operas information corresponding with the measurement data received is compared
It is right, obtain comparison result；
Corresponding prompt is generated for the comparison result；
The corresponding relationship according to preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, analyzes the corresponding song of the measurement data received
Spectrum information includes: that it is corresponding to analyze performance speed according to the preset different corresponding relationships for playing speed and different performance rhythm
Performance rhythm；
It includes: that receiving sensor is repeatedly played for musical instrument that the receiving sensor, which is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses,
The measurement data that identical melody senses, wherein a measurement data corresponding to the primary performance of the melody；
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody by instrument playing music score of Chinese operas information corresponding with the measurement data received into
Row compares, and obtaining comparison result includes: by the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing and the every part of measurement received
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of data is compared, and is played corresponding comparison result every time；
The method also includes: the generation frequency for repeatedly playing same problem in corresponding comparison result is counted；According to
The generation frequency of the same problem counted, finds out corresponding suggestion from preset suggestion library；It is found out to user feedback
It is recommended that it is described suggest include increase at a slow speed practice amount to improve rhythm accuracy.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the musical instrument includes: keyboard kind musical instrument；The sensor packet
It includes: pressure sensor；The measurement data received further include: pressing position and corresponding pressure value；
The corresponding relationship of the measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information further include: the corresponding relationship of different pressing positions and different pitches,
The corresponding relationship of different pressures value and different playing strengths；
The corresponding relationship according to preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, analyzes the corresponding song of the measurement data received
Spectrum information further include:
According to preset different pressures value and the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths and different pressing positions and different pitches
Corresponding relationship analyzes the corresponding playing strength of the measurement data received and pitch.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the method also includes:
User is prompted to provide playing strength maximum value and playing strength minimum value；
The sensor is received after the prompt, the Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum that the user sensed plays；
According to Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum that user plays, to preset different pressures value and different playing strengths
Corresponding relationship is calibrated.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method also includes:
The music score of Chinese operas that melody is obtained from song library, analyzes the music score of Chinese operas, obtains the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of melody of the instrument playing；
Alternatively,
The audio for obtaining input, analyzes audio, obtains the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of melody of the instrument playing.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method also includes:
Show the corresponding music score of Chinese operas letter of measurement data that the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing and/or display receive
Breath；
By the corresponding prompt display of the comparison result in the corresponding position of music score of Chinese operas information.
6. a kind of for monitoring the device of devices for learning musical instruments, which is characterized in that be configured at user terminal, described device includes:
Receiving module is configured as receiving sensor and is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses, the measurement data includes
For determining the measurement data for playing speed；
Analysis module is configured as the corresponding relationship of the measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information according to preset, analyzes the reception mould
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the measurement data that block receives；The corresponding relationship of the measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information includes: not play together
Play speed and the different corresponding relationships for playing rhythm；
Comparison module is configured as analyzing the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing and the analysis module
Music score of Chinese operas information is compared, and obtains comparison result；
Cue module is configured as the comparison result obtained for the comparison module and generates corresponding prompt；
The analysis module is configured as being analyzed according to the preset different corresponding relationships for playing speed and different performance rhythm
Play the corresponding performance rhythm of speed；
The receiving module is additionally configured to receiving sensor for musical instrument and repeatedly plays the measurement number that identical melody senses
According to, wherein a measurement data corresponding to the primary performance of the melody；
The comparison module is additionally configured to the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing and the every part of survey received
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of amount data is compared, and is played corresponding comparison result every time；
Described device further include: statistical module is configured as the generation to same problem in corresponding comparison result is repeatedly played
The frequency is counted；Searching module is configured as being looked into from preset suggestion library according to the generation frequency of the same problem counted
Find out corresponding suggestion；Suggestion module is configured as the suggestion found out to user feedback, described to suggest including increasing to practice at a slow speed
Habit amount is to improve rhythm accuracy.
7. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the musical instrument includes: keyboard kind musical instrument；The sensor packet
It includes: pressure sensor；
The measurement data that the receiving module receives further include: pressing position and corresponding pressure value；
The corresponding relationship of the measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information further include: the corresponding relationship of different pressing positions and different pitches,
The corresponding relationship of different pressures value and different playing strengths；
The analysis module is additionally configured to according to preset different pressures value from the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths and not
With the corresponding relationship of pressing position and different pitches, the corresponding playing strength of the measurement data received and pitch are analyzed.
8. device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described device further include:
Dynamics cue module is configured as prompt user and provides playing strength maximum value and playing strength minimum value；
Reception dynamics module is configured as receiving the sensor after the prompt, the pressure that the user sensed plays
Maximum value and pressure minimum；
Calibration dynamics module is configured as the Pressure maximum value and pressure minimum played according to user, to preset difference
Pressure value is calibrated from the corresponding relationship of different playing strengths.
9. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described device further include:
The music score of Chinese operas obtains module, is configured as obtaining the music score of Chinese operas of melody from song library, analyzes the music score of Chinese operas, obtain the instrument playing
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of melody；Alternatively, obtaining the audio of input, audio is analyzed, the pleasure of the instrument playing is obtained
Bent corresponding music score of Chinese operas information.
10. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described device further include:
Music score of Chinese operas display module is configured as showing that the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing and/or display receive
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of measurement data；
Display module is prompted, is configured as the corresponding prompt display of the comparison result in the corresponding position of music score of Chinese operas information.
11. a kind of for monitoring the device of devices for learning musical instruments characterized by comprising
Processor；
Memory for storage processor executable instruction；
Wherein, the processor is configured to:
Receiving sensor is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses, the measurement data includes playing speed for determining
Measurement data；
According to the corresponding relationship of preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, the corresponding music score of Chinese operas letter of the measurement data received is analyzed
Breath；The measurement data includes: different performance speed and the different corresponding relationships for playing rhythm from the corresponding relationship of music score of Chinese operas information；
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of instrument playing music score of Chinese operas information corresponding with the measurement data received is compared
It is right, obtain comparison result；
Corresponding prompt is generated for the comparison result；
The corresponding relationship according to preset measurement data and music score of Chinese operas information, analyzes the corresponding song of the measurement data received
Spectrum information includes: that it is corresponding to analyze performance speed according to the preset different corresponding relationships for playing speed and different performance rhythm
Performance rhythm；
It includes: that receiving sensor is repeatedly played for musical instrument that the receiving sensor, which is directed to the measurement data that instrument playing senses,
The measurement data that identical melody senses, wherein a measurement data corresponding to the primary performance of the melody；
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody by instrument playing music score of Chinese operas information corresponding with the measurement data received into
Row compares, and obtaining comparison result includes: by the corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of the melody of the instrument playing and the every part of measurement received
The corresponding music score of Chinese operas information of data is compared, and is played corresponding comparison result every time；
The processor is also configured to unite to the generation frequency for repeatedly playing same problem in corresponding comparison result
Meter；According to the generation frequency of the same problem counted, corresponding suggestion is found out from preset suggestion library；It is looked into user feedback
The suggestion found out, it is described suggest include increase at a slow speed practice amount to improve rhythm accuracy.
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