A kind of is the method that ball-type anode material of lithium battery nickel cobalt lithium aluminate is prepared in normal distribution based on aluminum concentration
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of is the method that ball-type anode material of lithium battery nickel cobalt lithium aluminate is prepared in normal distribution based on aluminum concentration.
Background technology
Eighties of last century, the successful research and development of Sony corporation of Japan lithium battery, have driven the development of lithium battery industry.The quality of lithium battery is light, and specific capacity is large, and the advantages such as memory-less effect, make it be applied in widely in the middle of various electronic portable device and electric motor car.Along with the development of society, people it is also proposed new requirement: fail safe is good, cycle performance is strong, quality volume is little while increasing the demand of lithium battery.Therefore lithium battery also updates and have passed through LiFePO4, cobalt acid lithium, lithium nickelate successively, the focus and emphasis of ternary material current research just.Ternary material is nickel cobalt lithium aluminate material (being called for short NCA) particularly, is the ternary material that in current industrialization, specific capacity is the highest.That reduce the ratio of cobalt element, production cost is reduced, simultaneously retaining the higher capacity of lithium nickelate, again reducing the decay of capacity, improve cycle performance.The method that nickel cobalt acid aluminium lithium is prepared at present comprises solid sintering technology, coprecipitation and thermal decomposition method etc.Coprecipitation is comparatively ripe, and wherein adopt NaOH as sedimentation agent, because the sinking speed of aluminium hydroxide is far above nickel hydroxide cobalt element, three is difficult to realize co-precipitation.For this problem, many patents proposes the model of nickel cobalt-aluminium nucleocapsid structure, and expection realizes coated to nickel cobalt precipitation housing of aluminium element, but due to the speed of aluminium element precipitation, easily has spheroid of one's own, and what be difficult to realize on core surface is evenly coated.The hydrolysis rate of aluminium hydroxide is controlled by PH, define the nickel cobalt acid aluminium lithium material that a kind of aluminum concentration is the structure of normal distribution, at the initial stage of precipitation, the degree of nickel cobalt nucleation is little, nucleus is more, the aluminum concentration now needed is less, along with the carrying out of sinking speed, nucleus growth speed is accelerated, need the concentration of aluminium element higher like this, in the precipitation later stage, nucleus growth speed is slower, the concentration of aluminium is also lower, the graded of aluminum concentration has met the growth rhythm of nucleus, the spheroid of special construction can be formed, improve more greatly gram volume and the cycle performance of positive electrode.
Summary of the invention
The preparation core technology of nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode material is nickel, cobalt, aluminium co-precipitation.Because the speed of the sedimentation of aluminium will much larger than nickel, cobalt precipitation.Select tetrahydroxy to close aluminate as aluminium source, rely on tetrahydroxy to close aluminate hydrolysis formation slowly aluminum hydroxide precipitation, complete the co-precipitation with nickel, cobalt salt.Controlled the hydrolysis rate of aluminium hydroxide by PH, define the nickel cobalt acid aluminium lithium material that a kind of aluminum concentration is the structure of normal distribution, the spheroid of special construction can be formed; Adopt organic molecule medium to replace water simultaneously, rely on warm-up movement in organic media, complete the batch mixing of molecule degree even, prepare the high and good cycle of gram volume, even particle size distribution LiNi
xco
yal
1-x-yo
2positive electrode.
Experiment of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Be the method that ball-type anode material of lithium battery nickel cobalt lithium aluminate is prepared in normal distribution based on aluminum concentration, it is characterized in that, preparation process is as follows:
(1) tetrahydroxy closes aluminate ion liquid: compound concentration is than the aluminium ion aqueous solution and the hydroxyl aqueous solution that are 1:4; Using the aluminium ion aqueous solution as end liquid, by controlling the flow velocity of alkali, be that 300r/min stirs until generate alumine hydroxide colloid at rotating speed; In alumine hydroxide colloid, continuation drips highly basic, changes rotating speed into 200r/min, until colloid dissolves, transfer solution filters removal impurity and obtains tetrahydroxy conjunction aluminate ion liquid;
(2) ball-type nickel cobalt aluminium precursor preparation: by the nickel of solubility, cobalt salt according to mole proportioning, be mixed with the certain density aqueous solution, the tetrahydroxy adding set proportioning closes aluminate ion liquid; Under 40-60 DEG C of water bath condition, enter the ammoniacal liquor of 5mol/L to end drop, control PH is that 9 rear stoppings drip ammoniacal liquor; Drip the ammoniacal liquor that tetrahydroxy closes aluminate ion liquid, nickel cobalt salt metallic solution and 5mol/L, regulate PH with sodium hydroxide solution; The washing of ageing 5-12 hour, 50-80 DEG C of distilled water, dry, sieve and obtain nickel cobalt acid aluminium lithium hydroxide precursor;
(3) organic media batch mixing: by even for the lithium source hand operated mixing batch mixing of nickel cobalt lithium aluminate hydroxide precursor and 0.4256-0.4773 proportioning, low speed heating electric stirring after preliminary batch mixing, ensure that temperature is at 50-70 DEG C, instillation organic media is until material sample is low thick, batch mixing is even in media as well to make powder, reaches the fusion of molecule; When stopping stirring after material sample dry tack free, feeding, at 350-700 DEG C, is incubated 20-30 hour in oxidizing atmosphere, sieve obtained nickel cobalt lithium aluminate cathode material broken at hothouse.
PH is regulated with sodium hydroxide solution described in step (2), be a PH period of change according to four hours, experience six cycles altogether, PH is by 8-11, the hydrolysis rate of corresponding aluminium first increases rear reduction, and the concentration of corresponding aluminium first increases rear reduction, presents normal distribution, its constant interval: 0-4 hour, PH are 8; 4-8 hour, PH are 8.5; 8-12 hour, PH are 9; 8-12 hour, PH are 9.5; 12-16 hour, PH are 10; 16-20 hour, PH are 10.5; 20-24 hour, PH are 11.
Batch mixing medium described in step (3) is 3-methyl-1-butanol, and its consumption is 10-50%;
The flow velocity prioritizing selection 5g/min of the alkali described in step (1);
Nickel cobalt salt metallic solution flow velocity prioritizing selection 10.6g/min described in step (2);
The rate of addition prioritizing selection 39/min of the ammoniacal liquor described in step (2).
The humidity 20-39% of the hothouse described in step (3).
The present invention has following advantage and effect relative to prior art: the structural inhomogeneity that can solve nickel cobalt-aluminium nucleocapsid structure, the sphere structure that aluminum concentration is normal distribution can be formed, realize mixing in molecule degree with lithium source, improve capacity and the cyclicity of material largely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the nickel cobalt lithium aluminate that embodiment 1 obtains.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
embodiment 1
(1) with ten thousand/balance precise aluminum soluble salt and solubility highly basic, according to molar ratio 1:4, isocyatic aqueous solution 2mol/L is prepared.Using the soluble aluminum salting liquid of 2mol/L as end liquid, controlled the flow velocity 5g/min of highly basic by flowmeter, stir until there is alumine hydroxide colloid under 300r/min condition, now the consumption of highly basic is 3/4ths of total amount; Under 200r/min stirring at low speed, continue to drip remaining highly basic until colloid all transfers settled solution in alumine hydroxide colloid, obtained 4mol/L tetrahydroxy closes aluminate ion liquid 20 liters;
(2) ball-type nickel cobalt aluminium precursor preparation: be 80:15 according to mole proportioning by the nickel of solubility, cobalt salt, is mixed with the certain density aqueous solution, adds set proportioning dilution (ratio of nickel cobalt aluminium is 80:15:5) tetrahydroxy and close aluminate solution; Under 60 DEG C of water bath condition, in the reactors of 60 liters, add liquid at the bottom of 6L, the ammoniacal liquor of instillation 5mol/L, control PH is 9; 9 are stabilized at PH, drip the sodium hydroxide solution that tetrahydroxy closes aluminate ion liquid, nickel cobalt salt metallic solution, ammoniacal liquor and 4mol/L simultaneously, flow velocity is followed successively by: 5g/min, 10.6g/min, 39/min, controlling rotating speed is that 500r/min(sodium hydroxide solution regulates PH) ensure: 0-4 hour, PH are 8; 4-8 hour, PH are 8.5; 8-12 hour, PH are 9; 8-12 hour, PH are 9.5; 12-16 hour, PH are 10; 16-20 hour, PH are 10.5; 20-24 hour, PH are 11, ageing 12 hours, and the washing of 60 DEG C of distilled water is 8 to PH, dry, sieving obtains nickel cobalt acid aluminium lithium hydroxide precursor;
(3) organic media batch mixing: by nickel cobalt acid aluminium lithium hydroxide precursor and the lithium carbonate mixing hand operated mixing batch mixing of 0.4357 proportioning, add the 3-methyl-1-butanol of 30% until material sample is low thick, at 200r/min low speed heating electric stirring; When stopping stirring after material sample dry tack free, according to heating rate 2 DEG C/min, in Muffle furnace, according to sintering curre 350 DEG C (being incubated 2 hours) ~ 500 DEG C (being incubated 12 hours) ~ 700 DEG C (being incubated 20 hours), oxygen flow is 0.6L/min, broken at the hothouse of humidity 20-39%, cross 300 mesh sieves, obtain nickel cobalt acid aluminium lithium material.
The testing result of product is as follows:
Table one: chemical composition analysis (analyzing by plasmatron spectrographic analysis method)
Table two: physical property
What conclusion can be obtained from table one? find out from table one, the error of the proportioning of nickel cobalt aluminium, in rational scope, successfully prepares nickel cobalt aluminium ternary precursor material; The particle size distribution of the present embodiment 1 preparation-obtained nickel cobalt lithium aluminate nickel cobalt acid aluminium lithium is moderate as can be seen from Table II, and tap density is higher, and initial capacity is high, good cycle.
embodiment 2
(1) with ten thousand/balance precise aluminum soluble salt and solubility highly basic, according to molar ratio 1:4, isocyatic aqueous solution 2mol/L is prepared.Using the soluble aluminum salting liquid of 2mol/L as end liquid, the flow velocity being controlled highly basic by flowmeter is 5g/min, and stir until there is alumine hydroxide colloid under 300r/min condition, now the consumption of highly basic is 3/4ths of total amount; Under 200r/min stirring at low speed, continue to drip remaining highly basic until colloid all transfers settled solution in alumine hydroxide colloid, obtained 3mol/L tetrahydroxy closes aluminate ion 20 liters;
(2) ball-type nickel cobalt aluminium precursor preparation: be 85:10 according to mole proportioning by the nickel of solubility, cobalt salt, is mixed with the certain density aqueous solution, adds set proportioning dilution (ratio of nickel cobalt aluminium is 85:10:5) tetrahydroxy and close aluminate ion liquid; Under 60 DEG C of water bath condition, in the reactors of 60 liters, add liquid at the bottom of 6L, the ammoniacal liquor of instillation 5mol/L, control PH is 9; 9 are stabilized at PH, drip the sodium hydroxide solution that tetrahydroxy closes aluminate solution, nickel cobalt salt metallic solution, ammoniacal liquor and 4mol/L simultaneously, flow velocity is followed successively by: 5g/min, 10.6g/min, 39/min, controlling rotating speed is that 500r/min(sodium hydroxide solution regulates PH) ensure: 0-4 hour, PH are 8; 4-8 hour, PH are 8.5; 8-12 hour, PH are 9; 8-12 hour, PH are 9.5; 12-16 hour, PH are 10; 16-20 hour, PH are 10.5; 20-24 hour, PH are 11, ageing 12 hours, and the washing of 60 DEG C of distilled water is 8 to PH, dry, sieving obtains nickel cobalt lithium aluminate hydroxide precursor;
(3) organic media batch mixing: by the lithium carbonate mixing hand operated mixing batch mixing of nickel cobalt aluminium hydroxide presoma with 0.4772 proportioning, adds 25% acetone until material sample is low thick, at 200r/min low speed heating electric stirring; When stopping stirring after material sample dry tack free, according to heating rate 3 DEG C/min, in Muffle furnace, according to sintering curre 350 DEG C (being incubated 2 hours) ~ 500 DEG C (being incubated 15 hours) ~ 700 DEG C (being incubated 10 hours), oxygen flow is 0.8L/min, broken at the hothouse of humidity 20-39%, cross 300 mesh sieves, obtain nickel cobalt lithium aluminate material.
The testing result of product is as follows:
Table three: chemical composition analysis (analyzing by plasmatron spectrographic analysis method)
Table four: physical property
What conclusion can be obtained from table three? find out from table three, the error of the proportioning of nickel cobalt aluminium, in rational scope, successfully prepares nickel cobalt aluminium persursor material; The particle size distribution of the present embodiment 1 preparation-obtained nickel cobalt lithium aluminate nickel cobalt lithium aluminate is moderate as can be seen from Table IV, and tap density is higher, and initial capacity is high, good cycle.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably execution mode; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.