CN105388010B - A kind of locating distance method of adjustment of bevel gear measurement - Google Patents

A kind of locating distance method of adjustment of bevel gear measurement Download PDF

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CN105388010B
CN105388010B CN201510686029.4A CN201510686029A CN105388010B CN 105388010 B CN105388010 B CN 105388010B CN 201510686029 A CN201510686029 A CN 201510686029A CN 105388010 B CN105388010 B CN 105388010B
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bevel gear
point
locating distance
gear pair
driving error
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CN105388010A (en
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石照耀
王冰鹤
汤洁
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/021—Gearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of locating distance method of adjustment of bevel gear measurement, belong to Precision Inspection and instrument, technical field of mechanical transmission.First, tested bevel gear pair is arranged on to two front-ends of spindle of measuring system, adjusts two bevel gear positions, bevel gear pair is engaged in design and installation away from position；Then the gear single-flank testing under low speed is carried out, in the driving error and vibration noise of each Point Measurement bevel gear pair of setting；The optimal locating distance of bevel gear pair is determined according to the driving error value or vibration values measured.The effective ways of the optimal locating distance of bevel gear pair are obtained the invention provides a kind of, it can be analyzed by this method and show the vibration of bevel gear pair, noise are smaller on which contact point, transmission stability is optimal, obtained optimal locating distance can be used for the Assembling Production for instructing bevel gear pair, and bevel gear pair can be made to be in optimal engagement state.

Description

A kind of locating distance method of adjustment of bevel gear measurement
Technical field
The present invention relates to Precision Inspection and instrument field, and in particular to the locating distance adjustment in a kind of bevel gear measurement Method.
Background technology
Gear is part indispensable in machine driven system.Gear drive is widely used in machine and instrument A kind of important type of belt drive.It is used for transmitting displacement, speed and power.Gear measurement occupies critical role in gear manufacture, There is no advanced detection technique and instrument, it is impossible to produce superior in quality gear.Strengthen and improve gear manufacture overall process Measurement and monitoring technology level obtained unprecedented attention, and as ensuring the key of gear quality.
Bevel gear because uniform load, stable drive, it is with small vibration, noise is low the features such as, in automobile, engineering machinery, lathe, boat It is widely used in the industries such as sky, ship.As modern industrial production and scientific and technical develop rapidly, to gear drive Performance proposed requirement it is more and more high.Transmission stability and vibration noise as the bevel gear of important transmission parts are shadows One of an important factor for ringing machine system performance parameter.
Influence bevel gear transmission stability and vibration noise factor, in addition to the crudy of the flank of tooth in itself, also with The locating distance of bevel gear pair has very close relationship.Locating distance is the most important parameter for ensureing gear normal work.Due to zero The change in size of part, the locating distance of each gear can be different, so if simply according to the design and installation marked on drawing Away from assembling bevel gear pair and detected, the accuracy of measurement result cannot be effectively ensured.
The content of the invention
To solve the technical problem proposed in background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of locating distance adjustment of bevel gear measurement Method, by handling the driving error signal and vibration signal of bevel gear pair, determine the optimal installation of bevel gear pair Away from.
The present invention is realized using following technological means：
1】Tested bevel gear pair is arranged on two orthogonal live spindle front ends of gear single-flank testing instrument；
2】The horizontal level of two live spindles is adjusted, tested bevel gear pair is meshed in design and installation away from position；
3】Midpoint, step pitch and the lookup points that locating distance is searched are set；
4】In step 3】Under the various point locations of middle setting, gear single-flank testing and vibration monitoring of engineering structure under low speed are carried out, The driving error signal of gear pair is gathered by Circular gratings, vibration signal is gathered by acceleration transducer；
5】According to driving error and vibration, the optimal locating distance of bevel gear pair is determined；
5.1 by step 4】Measure obtained driving error signal and carry out spectrum analysis with vibration signal, it is humorous three times before obtaining The amplitude of ripple；
5.2 pairs of each harmonics set tolerance value and factor of influence Q respectively；
Each harmonic amplitude divided by tolerance value are multiplied by corresponding Q factor by 5.3, obtain driving error or vibration signal each The comprehensive evaluation result of point, compares the numerical value of each point comprehensive evaluation result, the locating distance of minimum point is that bevel gear pair is optimal Locating distance.
The step 4】In, gear single-flank testing and vibration monitoring of engineering structure are carried out under relatively low rotating speed, realize transmission The synchronized sampling of error signal and vibration signal.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Detected by search type, each point position driving error signal and vibration signal are handled and calculated, can be accurate Obtain the optimal locating distance of the i.e. bevel gear in optimal engagement position of bevel gear pair.Bevel gear pair is engaged in optimal locating distance and carried out Measurement, can obtain more accurate control information, improve the precision and accuracy of measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the step flow chart of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the mechanical structure schematic diagram for the measuring system that the present invention uses.
Fig. 3 is the precedence diagram that point position is searched when locating distance search type checks.
Fig. 4 is the example of optimal locating distance factor of quality F driving error signal of change.
Fig. 5 is the example that optimal locating distance factor of quality F vibration signals calculate.
Fig. 6 is harmonic wave tolerance form schematic diagram.
Embodiment
To become apparent from the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples to the present invention It is described further.Illustrate for explaining the inventive method and embodiment.
The locating distance method of adjustment flow chart of the bevel gear measurement of the present invention is as shown in figure 1, the specific implementation step of the present invention It is rapid as follows：
The first step：Illustrate with reference first to Fig. 2, the locating distance method of adjustment of bevel gear measurement of the present invention is using bevel gear Measuring system is driven, the measuring system includes three linear axis X, Y, Z (also known as G, V, H) and two rotary shafts A, C, measured Bevel gear pair be arranged on rotary shaft A, C axle front end, real-time corner is measured by electro spindle front end close to the Circular gratings of bevel gear, two Electro spindles of root linear motion axis G, the H by servomotor combination ball-screw promotion sliding block and thereon moves on line slideway, The distance of motion is then by the long grating measuring with bevel gear shaft equal-height position.Steamboat in tested bevel gear pair is arranged on C axles Front end, bull wheel are arranged on A axles front end, adjust G, H shaft position, bevel gear pair is engaged in design and installation away from position.
Second step：The midpoint of locating distance search type lookup is set in the software parameter of measuring system sets interface, counted And step pitch.
3rd step：Start locating distance search, unclamp guide rail first, adjust the midpoint position in steamboat position to parameter setting Put, usual point midway is design and installation away from position.If steamboat locating distance reduces △ H, for keep former pitch cone tangent and sideshake not Become, adjustment bull wheel locating distance increase △ Htg δ1, δ1For the reference cone angle of steamboat.
4th step：Clamping guide-rail, gear single-flank testing and vibration monitoring of engineering structure are carried out in the position, by Circular gratings and added Velocity sensor obtains driving error signal and vibration signal of the bevel gear pair in the position.
5th step：The 3rd step and the 4th step are repeated until completing measurement on the point position of all settings, wherein the 3rd step Search type lookup is that the search type on one-dimensional is searched, and the method commonly used in linear search method includes Fibonacci method, dichotomy etc., Wherein Fibonacci method is the most commonly used.This method is the suitably two point α of insertion in the region of search [a, b] of single valley function1、α2, And calculate its functional value.α1、α2Section is divided into three sections.Using single paddy property of function, by the comparison of functional value size, delete Wherein one section is gone, is reduced the region of search.Then same processing is made on the section remained again, under such iteration Go, the region of search is infinitely reduced, so as to obtain the numerical approximation solution of minimal point.Although such method can help more efficient Find the minimum point in the region of search, but such method property to be found a function is necessary for single valley, and the transmission of each point Error curve numerical value can not meet this point requirement, it is therefore necessary to carry out all spot checks for searching point.The point position of lookup is suitable Sequence for positive negative direction as shown in figure 3, submit for carrying out.
6th step：Obtaining a little after the driving error signal and vibration signal of position, obtained signal is carried out fast Fast Fourier transformation, the preceding triple-frequency harmonics amplitude of each signal is tried to achieve to calculate the factor of quality F of the point position.Factor of quality F is most Small opening position is the optimal locating distance of bevel gear pair.Factor of quality F calculating is by taking driving error signal as an example, such as Fig. 4 institutes Show, with design and installation away from being 0 point for midpoint, respectively in 0mm ,+0.02mm, -0.02mm ,+0.04mm, -0.04mm totally five positions Put and detected, obtain the driving error signal of this five positions.To driving error signal carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) it Afterwards, the amplitude of the preceding triple-frequency harmonics of driving error on each point position can be obtained, uses H respectively1、H2、H3Represent once, it is secondary, three The amplitude of subharmonic, uses T1、T2、T3Represent once, the amplitude of secondary, triple-frequency harmonics harmonic wave tolerance range, by each harmonic width Factor of quality F is calculated with following formula in value, tolerance value and factor of influence Q：
F=(H1/T1·Q1)+(H2/T2·Q2)+(H3/T3·Q3)
If it was found that driving error data when the change of each point is little, select to search vibration signal as optimal locating distance Foundation, such as shown in Fig. 5, vibrated respectively in 0mm ,+0.05mm, -0.05mm, five positions of+0.10mm, -0.10mm Test, obtain the vibration signal of this five points.After Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to vibration signal, obtain on each point position The amplitude of the preceding triple-frequency harmonics of vibration signal uses H respectively1、H2、H3Represent once, secondary, triple-frequency harmonics amplitude, use T1、T2、T3 Represent once, secondary, triple-frequency harmonics harmonic wave tolerance value, each harmonic amplitude, tolerance value and factor of influence Q are calculated with above formula Obtain factor of quality F.
Mentioned in 6th step needs to use harmonic wave tolerance range in the calculating of optimal locating distance, and harmonic wave tolerance range is for frequency spectrum point The measurement result of analysis, for a kind of special tolerance form for controlling the amplitude of harmonic waves and secondary lobe at different levels and proposing.Harmonic wave is public The form of difference is as shown in Figure 6.The position of frequency, harmonic wave are public where harmonic wave is engaged in position where harmonic wave tolerance range midpoint for each time The position of difference band is bull wheel revolution rgIt is multiplied by the number of teeth z of bull wheel1Try to achieve.The width h of harmonic wave tolerance rangewIt is calculated by following formula, The result palpus rounding being calculated is next less even number.
(rg×z1)/z2× 3=hw
For example, bull wheel revolution rgFor 6 turns, the gear ratio z of steamboat and bull wheel2/z1For 11/32, then any two continuously engages Resolving power between frequency is 192 lines, and harmonic wave width calculation is as follows：
(6 × 32)/11 × 3=52.4 → 52
Gone out by examples detailed above analysis and summary, the inventive method provides for the searching of optimal locating distance in bevel gear measurement Effective ways, improve the accuracy of bevel gear measurement.The above-mentioned explanation to representative instance is not intended to limit the invention, not It can modify and improve in the case of the spirit and principles in the present invention, its scope is in claims and equivalent It is defined in thing.

Claims (3)

  1. A kind of 1. locating distance method of adjustment of bevel gear measurement, it is characterised in that：This method is missed by the transmission to bevel gear pair Difference signal and vibration signal are handled, and determine the optimal locating distance of bevel gear pair；
    1】Tested bevel gear pair is arranged on two orthogonal live spindle front ends of gear single-flank testing instrument；
    2】The horizontal level of two live spindles is adjusted, tested bevel gear pair is meshed in design and installation away from position；
    3】Midpoint, step pitch and the lookup points that locating distance is searched are set；
    4】In step 3】Under the various point locations of middle setting, gear single-flank testing and vibration monitoring of engineering structure under low speed are carried out, is passed through Circular gratings gather the driving error signal of gear pair, and vibration signal is gathered by acceleration transducer；
    5】According to driving error signal and vibration signal, the optimal locating distance of bevel gear pair is determined；
    5.1 by step 4】Measure obtained driving error signal and carry out spectrum analysis with vibration signal, triple-frequency harmonics before obtaining Amplitude；
    5.2 pairs of each harmonics set tolerance value and factor of influence Q respectively；
    Each harmonic amplitude divided by tolerance value are multiplied by corresponding Q factor by 5.3, obtain driving error or vibration signal in each point Comprehensive evaluation result, compare the numerical value of each point comprehensive evaluation result, the locating distance of minimum point is that bevel gear pair is most preferably installed Away from；
    The step 4】In, to carry out gear single-flank testing and vibration monitoring of engineering structure under relatively low rotating speed, realize driving error The synchronized sampling of signal and vibration signal；
    The locating distance method of adjustment flow specific implementation step of the bevel gear measurement of this method is as follows,
    The first step：Determine bevel gear measuring system；The locating distance method of adjustment of bevel gear measurement is surveyed using Bevel Gear Transmission Amount system, the measuring system includes three linear axis X, Y, Z and two rotary shafts A, C, linear axis X, Y, Z are also known as G, V, H；Carry out The bevel gear pair of measurement is arranged on rotary shaft A, C axle front end, and real-time corner is surveyed by electro spindle front end close to the Circular gratings of bevel gear Amount, the electro spindle of two linear motion axis G, H by servomotor combination ball-screw promotion sliding block and thereon is on line slideway Motion, the distance of motion is then by the long grating measuring with bevel gear shaft equal-height position；Steamboat in tested bevel gear pair is installed In C axles front end, bull wheel is arranged on A axles front end, adjusts G, H shaft position, bevel gear pair is engaged in design and installation away from position；
    Second step：Midpoint, points and the step for setting locating distance search type to search in interface are set in the software parameter of measuring system Away from；
    3rd step：Start locating distance search, unclamp guide rail first, adjust the point midway in steamboat position to parameter setting, lead to Normal point midway is design and installation away from position；If steamboat locating distance reduces △ H, former pitch cone is tangent and sideshake is constant to keep, and adjusts Whole bull wheel locating distance increase △ Htg δ1, δ1For the reference cone angle of steamboat；
    4th step：Clamping guide-rail, gear single-flank testing and vibration monitoring of engineering structure are carried out in the position, passes through Circular gratings and acceleration Sensor obtains driving error signal and vibration signal of the bevel gear pair in the position；
    5th step：The 3rd step and the 4th step are repeated until measurement is completed on the point position of all settings, wherein the search of the 3rd step Formula lookup is that the search type on one-dimensional is searched, and the method commonly used in linear search method includes Fibonacci method, dichotomy, wherein yellow Golden split plot design is the most commonly used；This method is the suitably two point α of insertion in the region of search [a, b] of single valley function1、α2, and calculate Its functional value；α1、α2Section is divided into three sections；Using single paddy property of function, by the comparison of functional value size, leave out wherein One section, it is reduced the region of search；Then same processing is made on the section remained again, so iteration continues, makes The region of search infinitely reduces, so as to obtain the numerical approximation solution of minimal point；Although such method can help more efficient lookup Minimum point on to the region of search, but such method property to be found a function is necessary for single valley, and the driving error of each point Curve numerical value can not meet this point requirement, it is therefore necessary to carry out all spot checks for searching point；The point position of lookup is sequentially Positive negative direction is submitted for carrying out；
    6th step：Obtaining a little after the driving error signal and vibration signal of position, quick Fu is carried out to obtained signal In leaf transformation, try to achieve the preceding triple-frequency harmonics amplitude of each signal to calculate the factor of quality F of the point position；Factor of quality F minimums Opening position is the optimal locating distance of bevel gear pair.
  2. A kind of 2. locating distance method of adjustment of bevel gear measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Factor of quality F Calculating in, it is common in 0mm ,+0.02mm, -0.02mm ,+0.04mm, -0.04mm respectively with design and installation away from being 0 point for midpoint Five positions are detected, and obtain the driving error signal of this five positions；Fast Fourier is being carried out to driving error signal After conversion, the amplitude of the preceding triple-frequency harmonics of driving error on each point position can be obtained, uses H respectively1、H2、H3Represent once, Secondary, triple-frequency harmonics amplitude, uses T1、T2、T3Represent once, the amplitude of secondary, triple-frequency harmonics harmonic wave tolerance range, by each time Factor of quality F is calculated with following formula in harmonic amplitude, tolerance value and factor of influence Q：
    F=(H1/T1·Q1)+(H2/T2·Q2)+(H3/T3·Q3)
    If it was found that driving error data when the change of each point is little, select using vibration signal as optimal locating distance search according to According to respectively in 0mm ,+0.05mm, -0.05mm, five positions of+0.10mm, -0.10mm carry out vibration-testings, obtain this five points Vibration signal；To vibration signal carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) after, obtain it is each point position on vibration signal it is preceding three times The amplitude of harmonic wave uses H respectively1、H2、H3Represent once, secondary, triple-frequency harmonics amplitude, use T1、T2、T3Represent once, it is secondary, three The harmonic wave tolerance value of subharmonic, factor of quality F is calculated with above formula in each harmonic amplitude, tolerance value and factor of influence Q.
  3. A kind of 3. locating distance method of adjustment of bevel gear measurement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Carried in 6th step Needing to use harmonic wave tolerance range into the calculating of optimal locating distance, harmonic wave tolerance range is the measurement result for spectrum analysis, in order to A kind of special tolerance form for controlling the amplitude of harmonic waves and secondary lobe at different levels and proposing；Position where harmonic wave tolerance range midpoint For the position of frequency where each engagement harmonic wave, the position of harmonic wave tolerance range is bull wheel revolution rgIt is multiplied by the number of teeth z of bull wheel1Try to achieve 's；The width h of harmonic wave tolerance rangewIt is calculated by following formula, the result palpus rounding being calculated is next less even number,
    (rg×z1)/z2× 3=hw。
CN201510686029.4A 2015-10-21 2015-10-21 A kind of locating distance method of adjustment of bevel gear measurement Active CN105388010B (en)

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CN112461542B (en) * 2020-01-09 2023-04-14 上海汇众汽车制造有限公司 Noise testing system and method for adjustable positioning bevel gear pair

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CN102581390A (en) * 2012-02-21 2012-07-18 天津第一机床总厂 Two-spindle non-90-degree included angle and mounting distance adjusting device of bevel gear rolling checking machine

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