CN105386842A - Heat preservation and noise reduction automobile exhaust pipe - Google Patents
Heat preservation and noise reduction automobile exhaust pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105386842A CN105386842A CN201510951635.4A CN201510951635A CN105386842A CN 105386842 A CN105386842 A CN 105386842A CN 201510951635 A CN201510951635 A CN 201510951635A CN 105386842 A CN105386842 A CN 105386842A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust pipe
- layer
- noise reduction
- heat
- automobile exhaust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/082—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of tailpipe, e.g. with means for mixing air with exhaust for exhaust cooling, dilution or evacuation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/24—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using sound-absorbing materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
- F01N13/148—Multiple layers of insulating material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/04—4 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2310/00—Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
- F01N2310/02—Mineral wool, e.g. glass wool, rock wool, asbestos or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/02—Surface coverings for thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/04—Surface coverings for sound absorption
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2530/00—Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings
- F01N2530/26—Multi-layered walls
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat preservation and noise reduction automobile exhaust pipe which comprises an exhaust pipe body, wherein the exhaust pipe body is externally coated with a heat preservation material layer; the heat preservation material layer comprises a heat preservation cotton layer, a heat insulation binding band layer and a heat insulation steel foil layer; the heat preservation cotton layer is clung to the external wall of the exhaust pipe body; no gap exists between the heat preservation cotton layer and the external wall of the exhaust pipe body; the heat preservation cotton layer is externally coated and bound with the heat insulation binding band; the heat insulation binding band is externally coated with the heat insulation steel foil layer directly; and the two ends of each heat insulation steel foil layer are fit with end covers by welding. The automobile exhaust pipe is simple and reasonable in structural design; the heat preservation and noise reduction effects are good; a power circuit and a pipeline can be protected; the temperature of an automobile body can be reduced; the temperature of a catalytic converter can be increased; and the service life of an automobile can be prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of automobile parts, particularly relate to a kind of automobile exhaust pipe being incubated noise reduction.
Background technique
The effect of commercial vehicle outlet pipe before this only has the function of discharging tail gas.To heat insulation this field pay close attention to little, its function can only meet commercial car state III emission standard.Along with the raising of environmental protection requirement; the exhaust emissions of automobile is required also day by day harsh; therefore the new standard optimizing motor vehicle exhaust emission has all successively been formulated in countries in the world and area, and the European norm that wherein European Union's tissue (EU) formulates is the reference standard that a most countries and area perform.China also implements state four emission standard to commercial car from January 1st, 2015.In China, commercial car, for reaching state more than four emission request, mostly have employed SCR post-processing technology.And SCR post-processing technology, transformation efficiency and the delivery temperature of its catalytic converter are closely related, particularly motor be in idling mode or exhaust pipe long time, when delivery temperature can be caused to arrive catalytic converter, delivery temperature decline is too fast, catalytic converter temperature is too low, thus causing tail gas catalyzed transformation efficiency not reach standard-required, the discharge of car load also just can not reach standard-required.Therefore, how to ensure to arrive the delivery temperature loss reduction of catalytic converter by outlet pipe, just become the problem that commercial car car load factory and outlet pipe producer must solve.
Current domestic car load manufacturer Xia work machinery, kinglong coach, Guangzhou Automobile Workshop's passenger vehicle, bus ANKAI, the hundred good passenger vehicles in tunnel, Cummins Engine, Yuchai, upper bavin motor etc., external manufacturer woods moral fork truck, Manny leads to fork truck, and what Te Ruibao group etc. all adopted is silica gel cloth, the parcel that the materials such as fire-resistance cloth carry out, outward appearance fold, parcel appearance poor, the defects such as poor thermal insulation property, be badly in need of a kind of high insulating effect, the heat preservation method that effect is attractive in appearance.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of structural design simple, reasonable, high insulating effect; can protection power source circuit, pipeline, reduce vehicle body temperature, improve catalytic converter temperature; excellent noise reduction effect, can extend the automobile exhaust pipe of the insulation noise reduction of vehicle service life.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The automobile exhaust pipe of above-mentioned insulation noise reduction, comprises exhaust pipe shaft; Described exhaust pipe shaft outside is coated with adiabator layer; Described adiabator layer comprises heat-preservation cotton layer, heat insulation bandage layer and thermal insulating steel layers of foil; Described heat-preservation cotton layer be close to described exhaust pipe shaft outer wall and and gapless between the outer wall of described exhaust pipe shaft; The outside of described heat-preservation cotton layer is by the binding of heat insulation bandage parcel; It is outside that described thermal insulating steel layers of foil is directly coated on described heat insulation bandage, and the end cap that has been welded all is mated in the two ends of every section of described hot steel foil layer.
The automobile exhaust pipe of described insulation noise reduction, wherein: between adjacent described hot steel foil layer and adjacent described hot steel foil layer and exhaust pipe shaft between all by being welded and fixed.
The automobile exhaust pipe of described insulation noise reduction, wherein: described thermal insulating steel layers of foil is thickness 0.15mm and stainless steel foil through cuing open light process.
The automobile exhaust pipe of described insulation noise reduction, wherein: the thickness of described heat-preservation cotton layer is 10mm ~ 20mm, and density is 100-150kg/m3.
The automobile exhaust pipe of described insulation noise reduction, wherein: described adiabator layer can the exhaust pipe shaft of coated φ 32mm ~ φ 159mm.
The automobile exhaust pipe of described insulation noise reduction, wherein: the outer wall of described end cap stretches out and extension part is provided with pilot hole.
The automobile exhaust pipe of described insulation noise reduction, wherein: described exhaust pipe shaft is formed by connecting by welded seal by multistage straight tube and bend pipe.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention is incubated the automobile exhaust pipe of noise reduction by arranging the parcel of thermal insulation layer to gas exhaust piping, can suppress engine exhaust gas temperature rapid decay, makes waste gas enter the temperature of preprocessor higher than catalytic reaction initial temperature, strengthens the reactivity of catalyzer; And structural design is simple, rationally, during engine operation, the waste gas streams of generation is through outlet pipe, and heat insulation material is isolated, and can reduce Tail Pipe Temperature loss, and improve catalyst converter under each engine operating condition, vehicle exhaust enters the temperature of catalyst; Outlet pipe surface temperature reduces simultaneously, protects power circuit, pipeline, reduces vehicle body temperature, extend vehicle service life, and adiabator layer itself also has reduction vehicle exhaust and flows in outlet pipe and produce the function of radiated noise; Outlet pipe of the present invention has insulation, heat insulation, anti-acoustic capability, and this type of outlet pipe can cover the outlet pipe of all diameter specifications on market.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the surface structure schematic diagram that the present invention is incubated the automobile exhaust pipe of noise reduction;
Fig. 2 is another surface structure schematic diagram that the present invention is incubated the automobile exhaust pipe of noise reduction;
Fig. 3 is the axial sectional view that the present invention is incubated the automobile exhaust pipe of noise reduction;
Fig. 4 is the radial cross-section that the present invention is incubated the automobile exhaust pipe of noise reduction;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that the present invention is incubated the end cap of the automobile exhaust pipe of noise reduction;
Fig. 6 is the internal air temperature loss plotted curve that the present invention is incubated the automobile exhaust pipe of noise reduction.
Note: the insulating thickness that in Fig. 6, three curves represent from top to bottom is successively 0mm, 10mm, 20mm.
Embodiment
As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the present invention is incubated the automobile exhaust pipe of noise reduction, comprises exhaust pipe shaft 1 and adiabator layer 2.
This exhaust pipe shaft 1 is formed by connecting by welded seal by multistage straight tube and bend pipe.
It is outside that this adiabator layer 2 is coated on this exhaust pipe shaft 1, and it comprises heat-preservation cotton layer 21, heat insulation bandage layer 22 and thermal insulating steel layers of foil 23; This heat-preservation cotton layer 21 is directly coated on the outer wall of this exhaust pipe shaft 1, its be close to exhaust pipe shaft 1 outer wall and and exhaust pipe shaft 1 between gapless; Binding is wrapped up by heat insulation bandage 22 in this heat-preservation cotton layer 21 outside; This adiabator layer 2 can the exhaust pipe shaft 1 of coated φ 32 ~ φ 159, and heat-preservation cotton layer 21 thickness is 10mm ~ 20mm.It is outside that this thermal insulating steel layers of foil 23 is directly coated on heat insulation bandage 22, and this thermal insulating steel layers of foil 23 is thickness 0.15mm and stainless steel foil through cuing open light process.Wherein, the small end cover 3 of the corresponding size that is welded all is mated at the two ends of every section of hot steel foil layer 23, to ensure good sealing; The outer wall of this end cap 3 stretches out and the outer wall that extension part is provided with this end cap 3 in pilot hole 31(the present embodiment is evenly provided with four extension parts, and four extension parts are equipped with pilot hole 31); Meanwhile, between adjacent hot steel foil layer 23 and adjacent hot steel foil layer 23 and exhaust pipe shaft 1 between all by being welded and fixed, with ensure heat-preservation cotton layer 21 one sealing cavity in, reach effect of heat insulation.
In the present embodiment, this adiabator layer 2 mainly comprises 6 sections of straight length portion, 3 elbow parts and 6 small end cover parts.
In the present embodiment, this adiabator layer 2 heatproof is not less than 650 °, and flame retarding is A level, meets GB8624-2006S, and thermal conductivity is not more than 0.098w/m.k.
The present invention is incubated the use principle of the automobile exhaust pipe of noise reduction:
During engine operation, the waste gas streams produced, through being vented pipe shaft 1, being originally distributed to extraneous heat insulation material layer 2 by exhaust pipe shaft 1 and isolating, thus plays the loss of reduction Tail Pipe Temperature, improve catalyst converter under each engine operating condition, vehicle exhaust enters the temperature of catalyst; Outlet pipe surface temperature reduces simultaneously, and energy protection power source circuit, pipeline, reduce vehicle body temperature, extend vehicle service life; Adiabator layer 2 also has reduction vehicle exhaust and flows in outlet pipe and produce the function of radiated noise.
By the temperature field result of testing outlet pipe of the present invention at ambient temperature 15 DEG C, as shown in table 1.
The temperature field of test at table 1 ambient temperature 15 DEG C
In the test data of upper table, heat source temperature 450 degree, the thermal insulation pipe temperature of insulating thickness 10mm and insulating thickness 20mm declines basically identical, and does not have the Tail Pipe Temperature recession curve of lapping obvious, illustrates that the outlet pipe of band thermal insulating material can be good at playing heat insulation effect.Play on the one hand and avoid temperatures involved pipeline, oil circuit, reduce aging speed, also serve insulation effect on the one hand in addition, by the parcel to gas exhaust piping, the temperature of preprocessor can be improved, strengthen the activity of catalyzer, improve reaction temperature, reduce discharged nitrous oxides, be beneficial to satisfy regulatory requirement.
Structural design of the present invention is simple, rationally, high insulating effect, can effectively reduce outlet pipe surface temperature, and then protect power circuit, pipeline, reduce vehicle body temperature, extend vehicle service life, be suitable for propagation and employment.
Claims (7)
1. be incubated an automobile exhaust pipe for noise reduction, comprise exhaust pipe shaft; It is characterized in that: described exhaust pipe shaft outside is coated with adiabator layer; Described adiabator layer comprises heat-preservation cotton layer, heat insulation bandage layer and thermal insulating steel layers of foil; Described heat-preservation cotton layer be close to described exhaust pipe shaft outer wall and and gapless between the outer wall of described exhaust pipe shaft; The outside of described heat-preservation cotton layer is by the binding of heat insulation bandage parcel; It is outside that described thermal insulating steel layers of foil is directly coated on described heat insulation bandage, and the end cap that has been welded all is mated in the two ends of every section of described hot steel foil layer.
2. the automobile exhaust pipe of insulation noise reduction as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: all by being welded and fixed between adjacent described hot steel foil layer and between adjacent described hot steel foil layer and exhaust pipe shaft.
3. the automobile exhaust pipe of insulation noise reduction as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described thermal insulating steel layers of foil is thickness 0.15mm and stainless steel foil through cuing open light process.
4. the automobile exhaust pipe of insulation noise reduction as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of described heat-preservation cotton layer is 10mm ~ 20mm, and density is 100-150kg/m3.
5. the automobile exhaust pipe of insulation noise reduction as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described adiabator layer can the exhaust pipe shaft of coated φ 32mm ~ φ 159mm.
6. the automobile exhaust pipe of insulation noise reduction as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the outer wall of described end cap stretches out and extension part is provided with pilot hole.
7. the automobile exhaust pipe of insulation noise reduction as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described exhaust pipe shaft is formed by connecting by welded seal by multistage straight tube and bend pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510951635.4A CN105386842A (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2015-12-18 | Heat preservation and noise reduction automobile exhaust pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510951635.4A CN105386842A (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2015-12-18 | Heat preservation and noise reduction automobile exhaust pipe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105386842A true CN105386842A (en) | 2016-03-09 |
Family
ID=55419522
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510951635.4A Pending CN105386842A (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2015-12-18 | Heat preservation and noise reduction automobile exhaust pipe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105386842A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106150644A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-23 | 福建省中能泰丰特种保温技术有限公司 | A kind of combustion engine exhaust diffuser heat preservation method |
| CN111075547A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-04-28 | 临海市澳法管业有限公司 | Basalt heat insulation sleeve exhaust pipe, manufacturing method and detection method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102434261A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-05-02 | 郑州乐达实业有限公司 | Fireproof heat-insulation noise-reduction exhaust pipe for combustion engines |
| CN202832734U (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-03-27 | 三一重机有限公司 | Engineering machinery engine exhaust pipe structure |
| AU2013203541A1 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-27 | Iac Acoustics (Australia) Pty Ltd | Thermally insulated hot gas piping system |
| CN205349486U (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-06-29 | 万向通达股份公司 | Vehicle vent -pipe who makes an uproar falls in heat preservation |
-
2015
- 2015-12-18 CN CN201510951635.4A patent/CN105386842A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102434261A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-05-02 | 郑州乐达实业有限公司 | Fireproof heat-insulation noise-reduction exhaust pipe for combustion engines |
| AU2013203541A1 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-27 | Iac Acoustics (Australia) Pty Ltd | Thermally insulated hot gas piping system |
| CN202832734U (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-03-27 | 三一重机有限公司 | Engineering machinery engine exhaust pipe structure |
| CN205349486U (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-06-29 | 万向通达股份公司 | Vehicle vent -pipe who makes an uproar falls in heat preservation |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106150644A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-23 | 福建省中能泰丰特种保温技术有限公司 | A kind of combustion engine exhaust diffuser heat preservation method |
| CN111075547A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-04-28 | 临海市澳法管业有限公司 | Basalt heat insulation sleeve exhaust pipe, manufacturing method and detection method thereof |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20160309 |