CN105385301A - Solvent-free nano anti-corrosion coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Solvent-free nano anti-corrosion coating and preparation method thereof Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN105385301A
CN105385301A CN201510948146.3A CN201510948146A CN105385301A CN 105385301 A CN105385301 A CN 105385301A CN 201510948146 A CN201510948146 A CN 201510948146A CN 105385301 A CN105385301 A CN 105385301A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
solvent
nano
anticorrosive coating
free
preparation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201510948146.3A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
钱建良
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHANGSHU FANGTA COATING CHEMICAL Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CHANGSHU FANGTA COATING CHEMICAL Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CHANGSHU FANGTA COATING CHEMICAL Co Ltd filed Critical CHANGSHU FANGTA COATING CHEMICAL Co Ltd
Priority to CN201510948146.3A priority Critical patent/CN105385301A/en
Publication of CN105385301A publication Critical patent/CN105385301A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D163/00Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/08Anti-corrosive paints
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/20Diluents or solvents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40Additives
    • C09D7/47Levelling agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40Additives
    • C09D7/60Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/63Additives non-macromolecular organic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40Additives
    • C09D7/65Additives macromolecular
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40Additives
    • C09D7/66Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/67Particle size smaller than 100 nm
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011Nanostructured additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solvent-free nano anti-corrosion coating and a preparation method thereof, and the solvent-free nano anti-corrosion coating comprises the following components by weight: 15-20% of matrix resin, 1-3% of a nano filler, 30-50% of a diluent, 8-10% of a coupling agent, 0.1-0.2% of an additive, 3-5% of a defoaming agent and 2-3% of a leveling agent. By proper selection of formula materials, mixing ratio design and reasonable process control, the prepared solvent-free nano anti-corrosion coating can maintain good adhesion and environmentally friendly performance, has excellent anti-corrosion performance, and has wide application prospects.

Description

A kind of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of paint preparation, particularly relate to a kind of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In use can there is spontaneous corrosion process in metallic substance, metallic substance and goods thereof have the loss of nearly 1/3 every year in the world, so protective system has important application.And at present conventional protective system is main mainly with solvent-borne type protective system, there is coating and have the problems such as inflammable, explosive, toxic organic solvents effusion in such protective system, has larger harm to human body and environment.And inflammable because using, explosive, toxic organic solvents in such organic solvent dope preparing process, complex manufacturing, easily works the mischief to environment, and there is very large production safety risk.Along with the enhancing of people's environmental consciousness, such anti-corrosive organic coatings is eliminated gradually, the substitute is the Novel solvent-free protective system of environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating and preparation method thereof, can solve existing anti-corrosive organic coatings complicated process of preparation, to the shortcoming that human body and environment work the mischief.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: provide a kind of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating, comprise the composition of following weight percentage: matrix resin 15 ~ 20%, Nano filling 1 ~ 3%, thinner 30 ~ 50%, coupling agent 8 ~ 10%, auxiliary agent 0.1 ~ 0.2%, defoamer 3 ~ 5%, flow agent 2 ~ 3%; Wherein, described matrix resin is the mixture of epoxy resin KD-175 and acrylic resin, described thinner is cashew nut oil modified epoxy resin, described coupling agent is silane, described auxiliary agent is Virahol, described Nano filling is carbon nanotube and nano titanium dioxide mixture, and described defoamer is silicone emulsion, and described flow agent is the mixture of sodium laurylsulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixing quality ratio of described epoxy resin KD-175 and acrylic resin is 2 ~ 5:1 ~ 3.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixing quality ratio of described carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide is 3 ~ 5:1 ~ 2, carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide particle diameter 40 ~ 100nm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixing quality ratio of described sodium laurylsulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose is 5 ~ 8:1 ~ 2.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, another technical solution used in the present invention is: the preparation method providing a kind of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating, comprises the steps:
(1) carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide are added in Virahol, obtained nano dispersion fluid under adding coupling agent silane certain condition;
(2) matrix resin is added respectively, thinner and defoamer, ultrasonic disperse 30min in the nano dispersion fluid prepared to step (1);
(3) add flow agent, temperature 40 ~ 60 DEG C in the solution prepared to step (2), stir 3 ~ 6h under rotating speed 1000r/min condition, obtain described protective system.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described stir speed (S.S.) is 1000r/min.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described step (2), the described ultrasonic disperse time is 30min.
The sticking power of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating of the present invention is 0 grade, and snappiness is 1 ~ 3mm, and shock strength 50 ~ 80kgcm all has good Corrosion Protection under profit and acidic conditions.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the preparation method of a kind of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating of the present invention, easy and simple to handle, easily realize; Its choose reasonable by material, proportion design and rational technology controlling and process, make prepared solvent free corrosion prevention coating under the prerequisite keeping good adhesion and environmental-protecting performance, have excellent antiseptic property, have a extensive future.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
Embodiment 1
A kind of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating, comprise the composition of following weight percentage: matrix resin 15%, Nano filling 1%, thinner (cashew nut oil modified epoxy resin) 30%, silane coupling agent 8%, Virahol 0.1%, defoamer (silicone emulsion) 3%, flow agent 2%; Wherein, described matrix resin is the mixture that epoxy resin KD-175 and acrylic resin mix with the ratio of mass ratio 2:1; Described Nano filling is the mixture that carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide mix with the ratio of mass ratio 3:1, and carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide particle diameter 40 ~ 100nm; Described flow agent is the mixture that sodium laurylsulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose mix with the mass ratio of 5:1.
The preparation method of above-mentioned solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating, comprises the steps:
(1) by formula ratio, carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide are added in Virahol, then add silane coupling agent, stir obtained nano dispersion fluid;
(2) add the matrix resin of formula ratio in the nano dispersion fluid prepared to step (1) respectively, thinner and defoamer, at 25 ~ 40 DEG C, first stir 15min with the speed of 1000r/min, and then ultrasonic disperse 30min;
(3) add flow agent in the solution prepared to step (2), at 40 ~ 60 DEG C, stir stirring 3 ~ 6h with 1000r/min rotating speed, obtain described solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating.
Embodiment 2
A kind of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating, comprise the composition of following weight percentage: matrix resin 20%, Nano filling 3%, thinner (cashew nut oil modified epoxy resin) 50%, silane coupling agent 10%, Virahol 0.2%, defoamer (silicone emulsion) 5%, flow agent 3%; Wherein, described matrix resin is the mixture that epoxy resin KD-175 and acrylic resin mix with the ratio of mass ratio 5:3; Described Nano filling is the mixture that carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide mix with the ratio of mass ratio 5:2, and carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide particle diameter 40 ~ 100nm; Described flow agent is the mixture that sodium laurylsulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose mix with the mass ratio of 8:2.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The sticking power of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating prepared by aforesaid method is 0 grade, and snappiness 1 ~ 3mm, shock strength 50 ~ 80kgcm, all have good Corrosion Protection under profit and acidic conditions.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating, it is characterized in that, comprise the composition of following weight percentage: matrix resin 15 ~ 20%, Nano filling 1 ~ 3%, thinner 30 ~ 50%, coupling agent 8 ~ 10%, auxiliary agent 0.1 ~ 0.2%, defoamer 3 ~ 5%, flow agent 2 ~ 3%; Wherein, described matrix resin is the mixture of epoxy resin KD-175 and acrylic resin, described thinner is cashew nut oil modified epoxy resin, described coupling agent is silane, described auxiliary agent is Virahol, described Nano filling is carbon nanotube and nano titanium dioxide mixture, and described defoamer is silicone emulsion, and described flow agent is the mixture of sodium laurylsulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose.
2. solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mixing quality ratio of described epoxy resin KD-175 and acrylic resin is 2 ~ 5:1 ~ 3.
3. solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mixing quality ratio of described carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide is 3 ~ 5:1 ~ 2, carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide particle diameter 40 ~ 100nm.
4. solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mixing quality ratio of described sodium laurylsulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose is 5 ~ 8:1 ~ 2.
5. a preparation method for the solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating as described in one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) carbon nanotube and nano titanium oxide are added in Virahol, add coupling agent silane, stir obtained nano dispersion fluid;
(2) matrix resin is added respectively, thinner and defoamer in the nano dispersion fluid prepared to step (1), ultrasonic disperse after stirring;
(3) add flow agent, temperature 40 ~ 60 DEG C in the solution prepared to step (2), stir 3 ~ 6h under rotating speed 1000r/min condition, obtain described protective system.
6. the preparation method of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described stir speed (S.S.) is 1000r/min.
7. the preparation method of solvent-free nano anticorrosive coating according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step (2), the described ultrasonic disperse time is 30min.
CN201510948146.3A 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 Solvent-free nano anti-corrosion coating and preparation method thereof Pending CN105385301A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510948146.3A CN105385301A (en) 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 Solvent-free nano anti-corrosion coating and preparation method thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510948146.3A CN105385301A (en) 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 Solvent-free nano anti-corrosion coating and preparation method thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN105385301A true CN105385301A (en) 2016-03-09

Family

ID=55418100

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201510948146.3A Pending CN105385301A (en) 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 Solvent-free nano anti-corrosion coating and preparation method thereof

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN105385301A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105860763A (en) * 2016-06-12 2016-08-17 宜兴市巨人涂料有限公司 Epoxy solvent-free iron core coating varnish and preparation method thereof
CN109880459A (en) * 2019-02-19 2019-06-14 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 A kind of anticorona acrylic acid conductive coating and its preparation method and application
CN114410143A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-04-29 山东多驰材料科技有限公司 Static-conducting continuous composite internal anti-corrosion steel pipe and manufacturing method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101343497A (en) * 2008-08-21 2009-01-14 上海正臣防腐科技有限公司 Environment friendly corrosion protection antistatic coating
CN102796439A (en) * 2012-07-11 2012-11-28 常州大学 Solvent-free nanometer modified epoxy weather-resistant type anticorrosive paint and preparation method thereof
CN102993909A (en) * 2012-11-30 2013-03-27 无锡市虎皇漆业有限公司 Solvent-free epoxy anticorrosive paint for ballast tank of ship and preparation method thereof
CN103232786A (en) * 2013-04-02 2013-08-07 华南理工大学 Solvent-free nanometer epoxy anticorrosive paint and preparation method thereof
CN103756510A (en) * 2014-01-26 2014-04-30 扬州大学 Preparation method of static conductive solvent-free epoxy anticorrosive coating material

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101343497A (en) * 2008-08-21 2009-01-14 上海正臣防腐科技有限公司 Environment friendly corrosion protection antistatic coating
CN102796439A (en) * 2012-07-11 2012-11-28 常州大学 Solvent-free nanometer modified epoxy weather-resistant type anticorrosive paint and preparation method thereof
CN102993909A (en) * 2012-11-30 2013-03-27 无锡市虎皇漆业有限公司 Solvent-free epoxy anticorrosive paint for ballast tank of ship and preparation method thereof
CN103232786A (en) * 2013-04-02 2013-08-07 华南理工大学 Solvent-free nanometer epoxy anticorrosive paint and preparation method thereof
CN103756510A (en) * 2014-01-26 2014-04-30 扬州大学 Preparation method of static conductive solvent-free epoxy anticorrosive coating material

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105860763A (en) * 2016-06-12 2016-08-17 宜兴市巨人涂料有限公司 Epoxy solvent-free iron core coating varnish and preparation method thereof
CN109880459A (en) * 2019-02-19 2019-06-14 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 A kind of anticorona acrylic acid conductive coating and its preparation method and application
CN114410143A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-04-29 山东多驰材料科技有限公司 Static-conducting continuous composite internal anti-corrosion steel pipe and manufacturing method thereof

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107163815B (en) Anticorrosion, fireproof steel structure special coating and preparation method thereof
CN108795235A (en) A kind of graphene modified waterborne epoxy zinc-rich paint and its preparation method and application
CN102585637B (en) A kind of Water-based epoxy grafted acrylic ester concrete anticorrosive paint and preparation method thereof
CN103351787B (en) A kind of mechanized equipment low prepared surface high-performance anti-corrosive primer and preparation method
CN102020904A (en) Low-temperature quick-drying waterborne metal anti-corrosive coating and preparation method thereof
CN103409019B (en) Aqueous one-component glass coating raw material
CN105440821B (en) A kind of pump valve antirust paint
CN105385301A (en) Solvent-free nano anti-corrosion coating and preparation method thereof
CN102702899A (en) Water-based modified pure acrylic acid anticorrosive paint
CN106566377A (en) High-performance waterborne epoxy zinc-rich paint and preparation method thereof
CN108690468A (en) Multi-functional low surface treatment epoxy thickness slurry long-effective corrosion priming paint and preparation method thereof
CN105368262A (en) High-performance conductive anticorrosive paint and preparation method thereof
CN104497818A (en) Dopamine-containing styrene-acrylic emulsion coating composition capable of being directly applied on rusty layer and preparation method of coating composition
CN104725977B (en) Double-component aqueous epoxy zinc rich primer of heavy antisepsis and preparation method thereof
CN104449391A (en) Iron red anticorrosive paint and preparation method thereof
CN105385311A (en) Environmentally friendly high temperature resistant anticorrosion paint and preparation method thereof
CN108641553A (en) Fire-resistant anticorrosion paint and preparation method thereof
CN105623505A (en) High-temperature-resistant cold-zinc-spray anticorrosive coating and preparation method thereof
CN106867357B (en) A kind of nanometer modified high-solid body divides epoxy primer
CN107286814A (en) The cold-applied zinc coating of organic inorganic hybridization a kind of is resin dedicated and its production and use
CN105219253B (en) A kind of asphalt modification epoxy phosphate zinc heavy antisepsis priming paint and preparation method thereof
CN103725162B (en) A kind of polypyrrole-bisphenol A type epoxy resin composite coating and preparation method thereof
CN111500157A (en) Preparation method of water-based graphene epoxy zinc-rich coating
CN103436137A (en) High-wear-resistant and heavy-corrosion-protection ceramic coating
CN109439180A (en) A kind of aqueous acrylic modified epoxy basalt flake anticorrosive paint

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20160309